Palaiologos
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The House of Palaiologos, also found in English-language literature as Palaeologus or Palaeologue, was a Byzantine Greek noble family that rose to power and produced the last and longest-ruling dynasty in the history of the Byzantine Empire. Their rule as Emperors and Autocrats of the Romans lasted almost two hundred years, from 1259 to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.
Michael VIII Palaiologos (r. 1259–1282), founder of the imperial Palaiologos dynasty
John VI Kantakouzenos (center, r. 1347–1354) nearly succeeded in deposing the Palaiologos dynasty in favor of his own family, the Kantakouzenoi.
Constantine XI Palaiologos (r. 1449–1453), the final Byzantine Emperor
Thomas Palaiologos, younger brother of Constantine XI and Despot of the Morea 1428–1460
Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
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The Byzantine Empire was ruled by the Palaiologos dynasty in the period between 1261 and 1453, from the restoration of Byzantine rule to Constantinople by the usurper Michael VIII Palaiologos following its recapture from the Latin Empire, founded after the Fourth Crusade (1204), up to the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire. Together with the preceding Nicaean Empire and the contemporary Frankokratia, this period is known as the late Byzantine Empire.
After 1204, the Byzantine Empire was partitioned between various successor states, with the Latin Empire in control of Constantinople
Hyperpyron of Michael VIII
Andronikos II's debasement of the Byzantine currency, along with his co-rule with his father, his son and his grandson as well as his own sole rule, resulted in the minting of several different coins during his reign.
Byzantium (in red) in 1369, after the Ottomans conquered the city of Adrianople