1.
Jumeirah Islands
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Jumeirah Islands is a housing development in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, developed by Nakheel Properties, one of Dubais largest developers. It lies directly inland from Dubai Marina and Jumeirah Lakes Towers, just east of the main highway, Sheikh Zayed Road. Jumeirah Islands consists of islands, each comprising 16 villas. They all sit in an artificial lake, the lake is so large that the whole complex has a land to water ratio of 23,77 The complex includes 50 islands, a restaurant, a supermarket, a Club House, a gym, and a leisure facility. Each of the 736 houses has its own swimming pool, the project was completed by the close of 2006. Nearby properties include the Jumeirah Lake Towers and Palm Jumeirah, both built by Nakheel
2.
Artificial island
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An artificial island or man-made island is an island that has been constructed by people rather than formed by natural means. Artificial islands may vary in size from small islets reclaimed solely to support a single pillar of a building or structure, early artificial islands included floating structures in still waters, or wooden or megalithic structures erected in shallow waters. The largest artificial island, René-Levasseur Island, was formed by flooding of two adjacent reservoirs, the people of Langa Langa Lagoon and Lau Lagoon in Malaita, Solomon Islands built about 60 artificial islands on the reef including Funaafou, Sulufou and Adaege. The people of Lau Lagoon build islands on the reef as these provided protection against attack from the people who lived in the centre of Malaita and these islands were formed literally one rock at a time. A family would take their canoe out to the reef which protects the lagoon and then dive for rocks, bring them to the surface and then return to the selected site and drop the rocks into the water. Living on the reef was also healthier as the mosquitoes, which infested the coastal swamps, were not found on the reef islands, the Lau people continue to live on the reef islands. Many artificial islands have built in urban harbors to provide either a site deliberately isolated from the city or just spare real estate otherwise unobtainable in a crowded metropolis. An example of the first case is Dejima, created in the bay of Nagasaki in Japans Edo period as a center for European merchants. During the isolationist era, Dutch people were banned from Nagasaki. One of the most well-known artificial islands is the Île Notre-Dame in Montreal, the Venetian Islands in Miami Beach, Florida, in Biscayne Bay added valuable new real estate during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. When the bubble that the developers were riding burst, the bay was left scarred with the remnants of their failed project, the concrete pilings from the project still stand as another development boom roared around them,80 years later. In 1969, the Flevopolder in the Netherlands was finished, as part of the Zuiderzee Works and it has a total land surface of 970 km², which makes it by far the largest artificial island by land reclamation in the world. The island consists of two polders Eastern Flevoland and Southern Flevoland, together with the Noordoostpolder, which includes some small former islands like Urk, the polders form Flevoland, the 12th province of the Netherlands that almost entirely consists of reclaimed land. The Pearl-Qatar is in the north of the Qatari Capital Doha, home to a range of residential, commercial, qanat Quartier is designed to be a Virtual Venice in the Middle East. Dubai is home to several artificial island projects and they include the Palm Islands projects, and The World, The Universe and the Dubai Waterfront. Of all these, only the Palm Jumeirah is complete and inhabited so far, also, the Burj Al Arab is on its own artificial island. The Universe, Palm Jebel Ali, Dubai Waterfront, and Palm Deira are on hold, China has conducted a land reclamation project which had built at least seven artificial islands in the South China Sea totaling 2000 acres in size by mid 2015. One artificial island built on Fiery Cross Reef near the Spratly Islands is now the site of a barracks, lookout tower
3.
Archipelago
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An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands. The word archipelago is derived from the Greek ἄρχι- – arkhi-, in Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Archipelago was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands. It is now used to refer to any group or, sometimes. Archipelagos may be isolated in large amounts of water or neighbouring a large land mass. For example, Scotland has more than 700 islands surrounding its mainland which form an archipelago, archipelagos are often volcanic, forming along island arcs generated by subduction zones or hotspots, but may also be the result of erosion, deposition, and land elevation. Depending on their origin, islands forming archipelagos can be referred to as oceanic islands, continental fragments. Oceanic islands are mainly of volcanic origin, continental fragments correspond to land masses that have separated from a continental mass due to tectonic displacement. Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, New Zealand, Maldives, the Bahamas, Greece, Hawaii, the largest archipelagic state in the world by area and population is Indonesia. Island arc List of landforms List of archipelagos by number of islands List of archipelagos List of islands Chisholm, Hugh, ed. Archipelago
4.
United Arab Emirates
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In 2013, the UAEs population was 9.2 million, of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates. The country is a federation of seven emirates, and was established on 2 December 1971, the constituent emirates are Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. Each emirate is governed by a monarch, together, they jointly form the Federal Supreme Council. One of the monarchs is selected as the President of the United Arab Emirates, Islam is the official religion of the UAE and Arabic is the official language. The UAEs oil reserves are the seventh-largest in the world while its natural gas reserves are the worlds seventeenth-largest, Sheikh Zayed, ruler of Abu Dhabi and the first President of the UAE, oversaw the development of the Emirates and steered oil revenues into healthcare, education and infrastructure. The UAEs economy is the most diversified in the Gulf Cooperation Council, while its most populous city of Dubai is an important global city, nevertheless, the country remains principally reliant on its export of petroleum and natural gas. The UAE is criticised for its rights record, including the specific interpretations of Sharia used in its legal system. The UAEs rising international profile has led analysts to identify it as a regional. It appears the land of the Emirates has been occupied for thousands of years, there is no proof of contact with the outside world at that stage, although in time it developed with civilisations in Mesopotamia and Iran. This contact persisted and became wide-ranging, probably motivated by trade in copper from the Hajar Mountains, in ancient times, Al Hasa was part of Al Bahreyn and adjoined Greater Oman. Sassanid groups were present on the Batinah coast, in 637, Julfar was an important port that was used as a staging post for the Islamic invasion of the Sassanian Empire. The area of the Al Ain/Buraimi Oasis was known as Tuam and was an important trading post for camel routes between the coast and the Arabian interior. The earliest Christian site in the UAE was first discovered in the 1990s, a monastic complex on what is now known as Sir Bani Yas Island. Thought to be Nestorian and built in 600 AD, the church appears to have been abandoned peacefully in 750 AD and it forms a rare physical link to a legacy of Christianity which is thought to have spread across the peninsula from 50 to 350 AD following trade routes. Certainly, by the 5th century, Oman had a bishop named John – the last bishop of Oman being Etienne, in 676 AD. This led to a group of travelling to Medina, converting to Islam and subsequently driving a successful uprising against the unpopular Sassanids. Following the death of Prophet Muhammad, the new Islamic communities south of the Persian Gulf threatened to disintegrate, with insurrections against the Muslim leaders. The Caliph Abu Bakr sent an army from the capital Medina which completed its reconquest of the territory with the battle of Dibba in which 10,000 lives are thought to have been lost
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Land reclamation
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Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill, is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as ground or land fill. In a number of jurisdictions, including parts of the United States. In Alberta, Canada, for example, reclamation is defined by the government as The process of reconverting disturbed land to its former or other productive uses. In Oceania it is referred to as land rehabilitation. Land reclamation can be achieved with a number of different methods, the most simple method involves simply filling the area with large amounts of heavy rock and/or cement, then filling with clay and dirt until the desired height is reached. The process is called infilling and the used to fill the space is generically called infill. Draining of submerged wetlands is often used to land for agricultural use. Deep cement mixing is used typically in situations in which the material displaced by either dredging or draining may be contaminated, the creation of new land was for the need of human activities. Notable examples include, Much of the coastlines of Mumbai, India and it took over 150 years to join the original seven islands of Mumbai. Much of the coastlines of Mainland China, Hong Kong, North Korea and it is estimated that nearly 65% of tidal flats around the Yellow Sea have been reclaimed. Inland lowlands in the Yangtze valley, China, including the areas of important cities like Shanghai, Much of the coastline of Karachi, Pakistan. A part of the Hamad International Airport in Qatar, around 36 square kilometres, the entire island of The Pearl-Qatar situated in West Bay, Qatar. The city-state of Singapore, where land is in supply, is also famous for its efforts on land reclamation. The Palm Islands, The World and hotel Burj al-Arab off Dubai in the United Arab Emirates The Yas Island in Abu Dhabi and it is one of the six divisions of Malé City. The Eko Atlantic in Lagos, Nigeria, mexico City, the chinampas are a famous example. Parts of Panama City urban and street development are based on reclaimed land, aeroparque Jorge Newbery, in Buenos Aires, Argentina One of the earliest large scale projects was the Beemster Polder in the Netherlands, realized in 1612 adding 70 square kilometres of land. In Hong Kong the Praya Reclamation Scheme added 20 to 24 hectares of land in 1890 during the phase of construction
6.
Nakheel Properties
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The Chairman of Nakheel is Ali Rashid Ahmed Lootah. The CEO of Nakheel is Sanjay Manchanda, Nakheel has an iconic portfolio of innovative landmark projects in Dubai across the residential, retail, hospitality and leisure sectors. The retail profile also includes several neighbourhood community centres, on July 6,2011, Dubai World’s board of directors announced that Nakheels legal ownership would be transferred to the Government of Dubai upon completion of the companys financial restructuring. In the first quarter of 2017, Nakheel announced its highest annual net profits in the company’s history, Nakheel generated a net profit of AED955 million for the last quarter of 2016 – up 22 per cent on the AED781 million posted for the same period in 2015. Palm 360 is an iconic, twin-tower luxury hotel, apartment, soaring more than 220 metres above Palm Jumeirah, Palm 360 offers all-round, uninterrupted views of The Palm, the Persian Gulf and the Dubai skyline. The Palm Tower is a 52-storey,220 metre tall residential and hotel. St Regis hotel with 289 rooms occupying the first 18 floors and 502 luxury residences above, rooftop infinity pool, restaurant and viewing deck. Hotel guests will have access to the nearby, upcoming St Regis Beach Club. Part of Nakheel’s Palm West Beach complex, the St. Regis Beach Club will offer exclusive dining, leisure and this includes modern, fusion dining concepts new to the UAE, an infinity edge pool stretching almost 100 metres along the seafront, and a state-of-the-art gymnasium. Nakheel Mall is directly connected to The Palm Tower, with 350 shops, restaurants and entertainment outlets including Waitrose, the rooftop dining deck offers extensive views of Palm Jumeirah, the Persian Gulf and Dubai skyline. The Pointe is a new waterfront dining and retail complex under construction at the tip of Palm Jumeirah, the Pointe features 145 restaurants and shops and a 1.5 km promenade. Deira Islands, a spectacular mixed-use waterfront development, comprising four man-made islands is situated adjacent to Dubai’s Deira district, Deira Islands features the Deira Islands night Souk, the upcoming Deira Mall, Deira Towers and the Boulevard. The Palm Promenade is a beach, park, retail. The Palm Gateway is a residential, retail and beach club complex located at the entrance to Palm Jumeirah. 1,265 luxury homes across three buildings, to be constructed on top of the existing Palm Monorail terminal, which includes 14 levels of parking spaces. Apartments range from one to three bedrooms, Palm West Beach is a new beach destination for Palm residents and visitors, stretching 1.5 km along the western trunk of Palm Jumeirah. Palm west Beach features a park and promenade with retail kiosks, children’s play areas. The Boardwalk is a vibrant destination for fitness, leisure, shopping and dining, covering the entire 11 km length of Palm Jumeirah’s protective crescent
7.
Persian Gulf
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The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz, the Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline. The Persian Gulf was a battlefield of the 1980–1988 Iran–Iraq War and it is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War, the largely air- and land-based conflict that followed Iraqs invasion of Kuwait. The gulf has many fishing grounds, extensive coral reefs, and abundant pearl oysters, the body of water is historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf. Some Arab governments refer to it as the Arabian Gulf or The Gulf, the name Gulf of Iran is used by the International Hydrographic Organization. The Persian Gulf is geologically young, having been formed around 15,000 years ago. Its length is 989 kilometres, with Iran covering most of the northern coast, the Persian Gulf is about 56 km wide at its narrowest, in the Strait of Hormuz. The waters are very shallow, with a maximum depth of 90 metres. Various small islands lie within the Persian Gulf, some of which are the subject of territorial disputes between the states of the region. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the Persian Gulfs southern limit as The Northwestern limit of Gulf of Oman and this limit is defined as A line joining Ràs Limah on the coast of Arabia and Ràs al Kuh on the coast of Iran. The Persian Gulf and its areas are the worlds largest single source of crude oil. Safaniya Oil Field, the worlds largest offshore oilfield, is located in the Persian Gulf, large gas finds have also been made, with Qatar and Iran sharing a giant field across the territorial median line. Using this gas, Qatar has built up a substantial liquefied natural gas, the oil-rich countries that have a coastline on the Persian Gulf are referred to as the Persian Gulf States. In 550 BC, the Achaemenid Empire established the first ancient empire in Persis, consequently, in the Greek sources, the body of water that bordered this province came to be known as the Persian Gulf. In the travel account of Pythagoras, several chapters are related to description of his travels accompanied by the Achaemenid king Darius the Great, to Susa and Persepolis, and the area is described. This water channel separates the Iran Plateau from the Arabia Plate, has enjoyed an Iranian Identity since at least 2200 years ago. Before being given its present name, the Persian Gulf was called many different names, the classical Greek writers, like Herodotus, called it the Red Sea. In Babylonian texts, it was known as the sea above Akkad, the name of the gulf, historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf after the land of Persia, has been disputed by some Arab countries since the 1960s
8.
Palm Islands
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Palm Islands are three artificial islands, Palm Jumeirah, Deira Island and Palm Jebel Ali, on the coast of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. As of November 2014, only Palm Jumeirah has been completed and this island takes the form of a palm tree, topped by a crescent. The creation of the Palm Islands began in June 2001, shortly after, the Palm Islands was announced and reclamation work began. This island was meant to be an island, but it was later downsized. An island was planned and construction started, but this project was later remodelled and renamed to The Palm Islands, the Palm Jumeirah consists of a tree trunk, a crown with 16 fronds, and a surrounding crescent island that forms an 11 kilometer-long breakwater. The island itself is five kilometers by five kilometers and it adds 78 kilometers to the Dubai coastline. Residents began moving into Palm Jumeirah properties at the end of 2006, a Monorail opened in 2009, but is not connected to other public transport. The Palm Jebel Ali began construction in October 2002 and was expected to be completed in mid-2015, sediment stirred up by construction has suffocated and injured local marine fauna and reduced the amount of sunlight which filters down to seashore vegetation. Dubais megaprojects have become a cause of environmentalists. Greenpeace has criticized the Palm Islands for lack of sustainability, oyster beds have been covered in as much as two inches of sediment, while above the water, beaches are eroding with the disruption of natural currents. Palm Jumeirah was built entirely from sand and rocks and this was done in accordance with the order of the Prince of Dubai, who came up with the idea for the Palm Islands, as well as their design. Palm Jumeirah is host to a hotel, Atlantis, robert Berger Mounir Hevar Scott Hutchinson Samuel OCarroll 5.5 million cubic metres of rock brought from over 16 quarries in Dubai. 94 million cubic metres of sand brought from deep sea beds 6 nautical miles from the coast of Dubai,210 million cubic metres of rock, sand and limestone The 9/11 event in the year 2001 resulted in fewer tourists to Dubai, hitting their economy hard. This significantly slowed down the project, another important constraint was that the time estimated for completion of the project was too long. To make the process on top of the island faster,40,000 workers were hired working at 2 different shifts per day. Storm frequency of 1 in 1 year, weak soil due to constant exposure to rising sea water. Erosion is one of the biggest problems present, as it strips away the sand which forms the majority of the island, damage to the marine ecology, including disturbances in the reproductive cycles of the species of fish that were close to the shores of Dubai. g. Shifting of sand, moving boulders and the effects of the vibrat Due to the shape of the right outside the coast of Dubai
9.
Palm Jebel Ali
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The Palm Jebel Ali is an artificial archipelago in Dubai, United Arab Emirates which began construction in October 2002, was originally planned to be completed by mid-2008 and has been on hold since. Major construction will not begin until most of the work is complete. Following the financial crisis of 2008 work has been suspended and the developers, one of the first buildings on The Palm Jebel Ali is already known. Nakheel invited several architects to design a building on a 300,000 m2 area, the winning design was a building by Royal Haskoning, who also worked on several other projects in Dubai. The building can be seen here, in March 2011 Nakheel offered refunds to property investors. Once completed, The Palm Jebel Ali is expected to more than 250,000 people. In the original schedule, by 2021, the first phase of four theme parks would have opened on the Crescent and these planned parks, which together will be called World of Discovery, will be developed and operated by the Busch Entertainment Corporation. The parks include SeaWorld, Aquatica, Busch Gardens and Discovery Cove, the World of Discovery will be located at the top of the Crescent, which will form into the shape of an orca. In November 2014,74 owners on Palm Jebel Ali wrote to the Ruler of Dubai via the Rulers Court regarding the stalled PJA project. On 16 March 2015, Nakheel Chairman Mr Ali Lootah confirmed that Nakheel remains committed to the long term. Palm Islands The World, another artificial island project in Dubai
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Deira Island
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Deira Island is a group of artificial islands in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The project was planned to be part of the Palm Islands and was called Palm Deira. By early October 2007, 20% of the initial palm islands reclamation was complete, then in early April 2008, Nakheel announced that more than a quarter of the total area of the Palm Deira had been reclaimed. This amounted to 300 million cubic metres of sand, since the planned island was so large, it was being developed in several phases. The first one was the creation of Deira Island and this portion of the Palm sits alongside the Deira Corniche between the entrance to Dubai Creek and Al Hamriya Port. By early April 2008, 80% of Deira Island Fronts reclamation was complete, a new redesign was quietly introduced in November 2008, further reducing the size of the project. Since 2008 the project was on-hold, in October 2013 the developer Nakheel announced to remodel the project and rename it to Deira Island. Deira Island will have about 1,400 retail units plus a hotel, Nakheel, the real estate developer of Palm Islands The World, another artificial island project in Dubai. Tourism in Dubai Media related to The Palm at Wikimedia Commons Van Oord dredging and marine contractors Jan De Nul Group dredging and marine contractors
11.
Jumeirah
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Jumeirah is a coastal residential area of Dubai, United Arab Emirates mainly comprising low rise private dwellings. It is administratively divided into three neighborhoods named Jumeirah 1, Jumeirah 2 and Jumeirah 3 and it has both expensive and large detached properties as well as more modest town houses built in a variety of architectural styles. The area is popular with working in the emirate and is familiar to many tourists visiting Dubai. Historically, Emirati people living in the Jumeirah were fishermen, pearl divers and traders, in modern times Jumeirah was the principal area for western expatriate residences. The beachfront area was previously called Chicago Beach, as the site of the former Chicago Beach Hotel, the locales peculiar name had its origins in the Chicago Bridge & Iron Company which at one time welded giant floating oil storage tankers on the site. The old name persisted for a time after the old Hotel was demolished in 1997, Dubai Chicago Beach Hotel was the Public Project Name for the construction phase of the Burj Al Arab Hotel until Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced the new name - Burj Al Arab. Majlis Ghorfat Umm Al Sheif – an historical building Jumeira Baccalaureate School Jumeirah, Dubais Most Expensive and Exclusive Area – FlashyDubai Jumeirah Area Guide
12.
Palm Jumeirah Monorail
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The Palm Jumeirah Monorail is a monorail line on the Palm Jumeirah island in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The monorail connects the Palm Jumeirah to the mainland, with a further extension to the Red Line of the Dubai Metro. The line opened on April 30,2009 and it is the first monorail in the Middle East. The trains are driverless, with attendants for any emergency situations, originally planned to open by December 2008, the opening was delayed to April 30,2009. In 2010, day-to-day operations were taken over by the Middle-East branch of Serco, the project budget is US$400 million, with an additional US$190M set aside for a 2-kilometre future extension to the Dubai Metro. Another source speaks of a budget of US$1.1 billion, a journey on the monorail costs Dhs15 one-way,25 return. The Palm Jumeirah Monorail uses Hitachi Monorail straddle-type technology, the line has a theoretical capacity of 40,000 passengers per day, with trains running every few minutes during peak hours and every 15 to 20 minutes during off-peak hours. However, actual ridership averaged around 600 passengers per day during the first week, in July 2014, frequency was down to every 23 minutes with only one of two trains operating The electro-mechanical works are carried out by ETA-Dubai in joint venture with Hitachi-Japan. As of May 2009, only the Atlantis Aquaventure and Gateway stations are open
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Monorail
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A monorail is a railway in which the track consists of a single rail. The term is used to describe the beam of the system. Colloquially, the monorail is often used to describe any form of elevated rail or people mover. More accurately, the term refers to the style of track, not its elevation, with Mono meaning one, monorails have found applications in airport transfer and medium capacity metros. To differentiate monorails from other modes, the Monorail Society says “Monorail n. A single rail serving as a track for passenger or freight vehicles, in most cases rail is elevated, but monorails can also run at grade, below grade or in subway tunnels. Vehicles either are suspended from or straddle a narrow guide way. Monorail vehicles are wider than the way that supports them. ”Monorails are often elevated, sometimes leading to confusion with other elevated systems such as the Docklands Light Railway, Vancouver SkyTrain and the AirTrain JFK. Monorail vehicles often appear similar to light vehicles, and can be staffed or unstaffed. They can be individual rigid vehicles, articulated single units, or multiple units coupled into trains, unlike some trams and light rail systems, modern monorails are always separated from other traffic and pedestrians. From the passengers perspective, monorails can have advantages over trains, buses. As with other grade-separated transit systems, monorails avoid red lights, intersection turns, as with other elevated transit systems, monorail passengers enjoy sunlight and views and by watching for familiar landmarks, they can know better when to get off to reach their destinations. As with other systems, expensive and noisy ventilation systems are not necessary if the cars have traditional windows that can be opened by passengers, monorails can be quieter than diesel buses and trains. They obtain electricity from the structure, eliminating costly and unsightly overhead power lines and poles. Compared to the train systems of New York, Chicago and elsewhere. See Chicago L Under the Monorail Society beam width criterion, some but not all systems are considered monorails, such as the Transrapid. Maglevs differ from other monorails in that they do not physically contact the beam, the first monorail prototype was made in Russia in 1820 by Ivan Elmanov. Attempts at creating monorail alternatives to conventional railways have been made since the part of the 19th century
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Red Line (Dubai Metro)
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The Red Line is one of the two lines on the Dubai Metro network in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The first section was inaugurated on 9 September 2009, construction was declared complete on 28 April 2010. The line has 29 stations spanning 52.1 km, which have opened in phases from 2009 to 2011. It runs from Al Rashidiya to UAE Exchange and travels along Sheikh Zayed Road for most of its length,9 September 2009, Rashidiya-Nakheel Harbor & Tower opened in a massive ceremony, and unveiled to the public the following day. 4 January 2010, Burj Khalifa/Dubai Mall station opened to the public on same day as inauguration of Burj Khalifa. 30 April 2010, Emirates Airline Station, Airport Terminal 1 Station, Al Karama Station, Emirates Towers Station, TECOM Station, Dubai Marina Station,15 May 2010, Al Quoz Station, World Trade Center Station and GGICO Station opened to commuters. 15 October 2010, Business Bay, First Gulf Bank, Sharaf DG, Nakheel,11 March 2011, Jebel Ali/JAFZA Terminus Station opened to the public. 11 December 2012, Danube/Jebel Ali Industrial Station opened to the public,30 September 2013, Energy Station opened to the public. The Red Line has 29 stations, including 24 elevated, four underground stations, the line is 52.1 km long, with 4.7 km underground. The entire journey time on the Red Line is around 60 minutes, traveling at a speed of 110 kilometres per hour. The average time between stations on the Red Line will be 60–90 seconds, in 2013 the Red line metro lifted a total of 88.888 million passengers and the current daily average is about 243,000 people as of 2013, according to the RTA Statistics Office. 170 feeder buses provided by the RTA for commuters to commute to stations on the red line are also in operation as of 15 October 2010. Two transfer stations are designated, Union and BurJuman stations, where the Green and Red Lines intersect, the Red Line has a main depot in Al Rashidiya and one auxiliary depot at Jebel Ali Free Zone. An extension of the Red Line to the Expo 2020 site was announced in December 2015, the extension project, named Route 2020 will create a branch of the line from Nakheel Harbour & Tower to the Expo 2020 site, near Al Maktoum International Airport. Nakheel Harbour & Tower Station is to be reconfigured to allow trains to operate on the new part of the line. The 14. 5km extension will pass through Discovery Gardens, Dubai Investment Park, Al Furjan and Jumeirah Golf Estates and will have 8 new stations,6 elevated and 2 underground. As a result of increasing popularity of the Metro, the newly built stations will have platforms wider than those found in current stations, the extension is expected to be completed in 2018. A second extension from Rashidiya to Mirdif is also proposed, on 13 May 2010, The Roads and Transport Authority announced that the Al Quoz metro station, which opened on 15 May, would instead be called Noor Islamic Bank Station
15.
Dubai Metro
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The Dubai Metro is a driverless, fully automated metro rail network in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The Red Line and Green Line are operational, with three further lines planned and these first two lines run underground in the city centre and on elevated viaducts elsewhere. All trains and stations are air conditioned with platform edge doors to make this possible, architecture firm Aedas designed the metros 45 stations, two depots and operational control centres. The Al Ghurair Investment group were the metros builders, the Dubai Metro is the first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula and either the second in the Arab World or the third. A major expansion of the Red Line to add 15 kilometres of track, as of February 2017 the extension to the Red Line till Expo 2020 is fully operational. More than 110,000 people, or nearly 10 percent of Dubai’s population, the Dubai Metro carried 10 million passengers from launch on 9 September 2009 to 9 February 2010 with 11 stations operational on the Red Line. Engineering consultancy Atkins provided full multidisciplinary design and management of the works on Dubai Metro. Until 2016, The Dubai Metro was the worlds longest fully automated metro network with a route length of 75 kilometres. However, its route length have since been surpassed by the fully automated driverless Vancouver SkyTrain as of December 2016. Planning of the Dubai Metro began under the directive of Dubais ruler Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum who expected other projects to attract 15 million visitors to Dubai by 2010, in May 2005, a AED12.45 billion/US$3. This was to be completed by June 2010, a second phase contract was subsequently signed in July 2006 and includes extensions to the initial routes. The Red Line partially opened at 9 minutes and 9 seconds past 9 pm on 9 September 2009, inaugurated by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum. The construction cost of the Dubai Metro project has shot up by about 80 per cent from the original AED15.5 billion/US$4.2 billion to AED28 billion/US$7.8 billion, the authorities contradicted this, saying that the cost of the project did not overshoot. They attributed the increase in expenditure to the changes in the scope. Work officially commenced on the construction of the metro on 21 March 2006, in February 2009, a top RTA Rail Agency official said the US$4.2 billion Dubai Metro project would be completed on schedule despite the global crisis. However, only 10 out of 29 metro stations of the red line opened on 9 September 2009, Construction of all 29 metro stations on the Red Line was declared complete on 28 April 2010 by the acting chief of the RTA Rail Agency. Seven more stations on the Dubai Metro Red Line opened on 30 April 2010, ten new trains were pressed into service, giving a total of 22 trains in service when the stations opened. The seven stations are, Emirates Station, Airport Terminal 1 Station, Dubai Internet City Station, Al Karama Station, Emirates Towers Station, Marina Station and Ibn Battuta Station
16.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
17.
Breakwater (structure)
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Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal defense or to protect an anchorage from the effects of both weather and longshore drift. Breakwaters reduce the intensity of wave action in inshore waters and thereby reduce coastal erosion or provide safe harbourage, Breakwaters may also be small structures designed to protect a gently sloping beach and put one to three hundred thousand feet onshore in relatively shallow water. An anchorage is only safe if ships anchored there are protected from the force of high winds, natural harbours are formed by such barriers as headlands or reefs. Artificial harbours can be created with the help of breakwaters, mobile harbours, such as the D-Day Mulberry harbours, were floated into position and acted as breakwaters. Some natural harbours, such as those in Plymouth Sound, Portland Harbour, the dissipation of energy and relative calm water created in the lee of the breakwaters often encourage accretion of sediment. However, this can lead to excessive salient build up, resulting in tombolo formation and this trapping of sediment can cause adverse effects down-drift of the breakwaters, leading to beach sediment starvation and increased erosion. This may then lead to further engineering protection being needed down-drift of the breakwater development, Breakwaters are subject to damage, and overtopping in severe storms events. Breakwaters can be constructed with one end linked to the shore, length of gap is largely governed by the interacting wavelengths. Breakwaters may be fixed or floating, and impermeable or permeable to allow sediment transfer shoreward of the structures. They usually consist of pieces of rock weighing up to 16 tonnes each. Their design is influenced by the angle of approach and other environmental parameters. Breakwater construction can be parallel or perpendicular to the coast. Of these three, the angle at which the breakwater is built is most important in the formation of salients. The angle at which the breakwater is built determines the new direction of the waves, a breakwater structure is designed to absorb the energy of the waves that hit it, either by using mass, or by using a revetment slope. In coastal engineering, a revetment is a land backed structure whilst a breakwater is a sea backed structure, caisson breakwaters typically have vertical sides and are usually erected where it is desirable to berth one or more vessels on the inner face of the breakwater. They use the mass of the caisson and the fill within it to resist the forces applied by waves hitting them. They are relatively expensive to construct in shallow water, but in deeper sites they can offer a significant saving over revetment breakwaters, rubble mound breakwaters use structural voids to dissipate the wave energy. Rock or concrete armour units on the outside of the structure absorb most of the energy, the slopes of the revetment are typically between 1,1 and 1,2, depending upon the materials used
18.
Water stagnation
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Water stagnation occurs when water stops flowing. Stagnant water can be an environmental hazard. Malaria and dengue are among the dangers of stagnant water. Stagnant water can be dangerous for drinking because it provides a better incubator than running water for many kinds of bacteria, stagnant water is often contaminated with human and animal feces, particularly in deserts or other areas of low rain. Stagnant water may be classified into the basic, although overlapping, types, Water body stagnation Surface. The water may be trapped in human artifacts, as well as in natural containers, such as tree trunks. To avoid ground and surface water stagnation, drainage of surface, areas with a shallow water table are more susceptible to ground water stagnation due to the lower availability of natural soil drainage. Some plants prefer flowing water, while others, such as lotuses, various anaerobic bacteria are commonly found in stagnant water. For this reason, pools of stagnant water have historically used in processing hemp and some other fiber crops. Several weeks of soaking makes bast fibers easily separable due to bacterial, dragonfly nymphs Fly maggots Mosquito larvae Nepidae Algae Biofilm A number of species of frogs prefer stagnant water. Some species of turtles Mata mata Wetland Residence time distribution Water pollution
19.
National Geographic (U.S. TV channel)
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The channel airs non-fiction television programs produced by National Geographic and other production companies. Its primary sister network worldwide, including the United States, is Nat Geo Wild, as of February 2015, National Geographic Channel is available to approximately 86,144,000 pay television households in the United States. In September 1997, the first National Geographic Channels were launched in the United Kingdom, Europe, in July 1998, National Geographic Channel Asia was launched in partnership and distribution with STAR TV. Today, the channel is available in over 143 countries, seen in more than 160 million homes, according to people connected to the channel, it was first launched in the country due to the sales success of the magazine National Geographic. In the United States, the National Geographic Channel, launched on January 12,2001, is a joint venture of National Geographic Television & Film, National Geographic provides programming expertise and the Fox Networks Group provides its expertise on distribution, marketing, and advertising sales. In the same year a Latin American version of the channel was released, in Australia, National Geographic Channel is carried by Foxtel, Optus, Austar, Neighbourhood Cable, TransTV, and SelecTV. The Australian version includes Australian guest presenters of promotional material and to certain programs, series. In New Zealand, National Geographic Channel is broadcast on SKY Network Television, in South Africa, the channel is carried by Digital Satellite Television MultiChoices multi-channel digital satellite television service in Africa. In the Middle East, an Arabic version is broadcasting free to air on Nilesat as National Geographic Abu Dhabi and it is co-owned by the National Geographic Society/Fox International Channels and Abu Dhabi Media Company. In India, the channel was launched on July 1,1998, the 2000s, A New Reality, also narrated by Lowe, premiered on July 12,2015. On November 14,2016, National Geographic Channel was rebranded as National Geographic and it was originally composed in 1964 for the Societys television specials, which were broadcast on CBS, ABC, PBS and NBC from 1964 until the early 2000s. Designed to offer a music video channel for both international and smaller independent local labels with a focus on cultural lyrics and rhythms. Nat Geo Music became available in Italy on October 15,2007, Nat Geo Junior is available in Belgium, India, and the Netherlands and is formatted specifically for children. Nat Geo Junior is also featured as a block on the National Geographic Channel in Asia. The United States 720p high definition simulcast of the National Geographic Channel launched in January 2006 and it is available on all major cable and satellite providers. In Canada, the Canadian version of NGC HD launched on December 19,2006. It is available nationally via the two satellite services, Shaw Direct on channel 276, Bell TV on channel 828, Videotron on channel 754. In Australia, this channel has been available on the Foxtel HD+ service since July 1,2008, in Asia Pacific, this channel was the first channel to support 1080i HD and 5. 1-channel surround sound
20.
Megastructures
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Each episode is an educational look of varying depth into the construction, operation, and staffing of various structures or construction projects, but not ordinary construction products. Generally containing interviews with designers and project managers, it presents the problems of construction, in some cases this involved the development of new materials or products that are now in general use within the construction industry. Megastructures focuses on constructions that are extreme, in the sense that they are the biggest, tallest, longest, alternatively, a project may appear if it had an element of novelty or are a world first. This type of project is known as a megaproject
21.
Atlantis, The Palm
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Atlantis, The Palm is a UAE luxury hotel resort located at the apex of the Palm Jumeirah in the United Arab Emirates. It was the first resort to be built on the island and is themed on the myth of Atlantis, the resort opened on September 15,2008 as a joint venture between Kerzner International Holdings Limited and Istithmar. The 1,539 room nautically themed resort has two wings, consisting of the East and the West Tower, linked together by the Royal Bridge Suite. It is complemented by the Aquaventure water park and the Nasimi Beach, Atlantis, The Palm, opened on 15 September 2008 as a joint venture between Kerzner International Holdings Limited and Istithmar. In April 2012, Istithmar acquired Kerzner’s 50-percent stake in the property for USD250 million, the property continues to be managed by Kerzner International Resorts. The architect was design firm Wimberly, Allison, Tong and Goo an international firm specializing in Luxury Hotels, the principle contractor for the project was awarded to Laing ORourke, a multinational construction firm based in United Kingdom. Laing ORourke was responsible for the design and construction phases of the 23-story hotel, after the construction of the hotel carried out by Laing ORourke it was officially opened on 15 September 2008. As part of the opening, a show of moving images was illuminated onto the hotel. 100,000 fireworks, around seven times the amount that were used for the ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, were let off. The display of fireworks across the full 5 km stretch of The Palm lit up the island and Atlantis. Custom-made shells shipped in from across the globe created a light spectacle taking off from the 716 firing locations around the island, display creator Fireworks by Grucci claims the display set a new world record, but records curator Guinness World Records has yet to announce the status. In October 2007, the received a shipment of 28 bottlenose dolphins from the Solomon Islands, to be used as part of their aquarium exhibit. The move was decried by several groups, particularly for the fact that the export of dolphins had earlier been banned by the Solomon Islands government. Hotel managers have said that though the dolphins are being trained to interact with visitors and they have also stated that the health of the dolphins is paramount, and because the bottlenose is not an endangered species, their shipment did not pose a problem. The deal was done with the approval of the United Arab Emirates and Solomon Island governments, through the company Solomon Islands Marine Mammal Education Centre, the amount of money paid for the dolphins has not been disclosed. A task in the leg of The Amazing Race 15 took place at its water park. The 14 team members had to slide down the resorts Leap of Faith water slide, which dropped them along 60 m and 30 m down an 84° incline and through a tunnel beneath the aquariums shark lagoon. After retrieving the clue at the bottom of the pool, teams had to search the water park for a beach located near a lagoon
22.
The World (archipelago)
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The World islands are composed mainly of sand dredged from Dubais shallow coastal waters, and are one of several artificial island developments in Dubai. The Worlds developer is Nakheel Properties, and the project was conceived by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum. Construction of the 300 islands began in 2003, only to halt due to the 2008 financial crisis, though 60 percent of the islands had been sold off to private contractors back in 2008, development on most of these islands has failed to initiate. As of late 2013, only two of the islands had been developed, the first of these series of islands will be Europe, Sweden and Germany with development led by Kleindienst Group, the Developer for The Heart of Europe project. The floating Sea horse villas at St. Petersburg Island are scheduled to be delivered in Dec 2016, as of July 2012, the Lebanon Island was developed and was the only island that has so far been developed commercially, is used for private corporate events and public parties. Islands in the range from 14,000 to 42,000 square metres in area. Distances between islands average 100 metres, they are constructed from 321,000,000 cubic metres of sand and 386 million tons of rock. Designed by Creative Kingdom Dubai, the development is an area that covers 6 by 9 kilometres and is surrounded by an oval-shaped breakwater island, roughly 232 km of shoreline was created. The Worlds overall development costs were estimated at $13 billion CAD in 2005, the project was unveiled in May 2003 by Sheikh Mohammed and dredging began four months later in September 2003. By January 2008, 60% of the islands were sold,20 of which were bought in the first four months of 2007, on 10 January 2008 the final stone on the breakwater was laid, completing development of the archipelago. As of July 2012, an island, the Lebanon Island was developed and was the only island that has so far been developed commercially, is used for private corporate events. The Times Online reported in September 2009 that work on The World had been suspended due to the effects of the financial crisis. And in February 2010 the Daily Mail reported that the islands had started sinking back into the sea and this was later denied by Nakheel and independent technical reports as wholly inaccurate. As of early 2011, only one of the islands had been occupied by a building on it, property prices in the Emirates had fallen 58 percent from their peak in the fourth quarter of 2008. Irish investor/businessman John ODolan, who purchased the Ireland island, committed suicide in February 2009, the World was supposed to be serviced by four major transportation hubs linked by waterways. Land parcels are supposedly zoned for various uses, estate, mid density, high density, resorts, the plan was for utilities to be routed under water, with water plants at each of the hubs pumping fresh water to the islands. Waste water and refuse systems are a concern for each island. Nakheel Group is itself further developing a resort named Coral Island over 20 islands that make up the North American part of The World, the low-rise development will include a marina and hotel village
23.
The Universe (Dubai)
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The Universe was a planned artificial archipelago in the shape of the Milky Way and Solar System, that would be built off the coast of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The project was announced in January 2008 by the developer Nakheel and it was stated to be completed sometime between 2023 and 2028, but as of 2009, the project has been placed on hold. The dredging companies Van Oord and Jan de Nul, the companies used for the Palm Islands. The Universe is to be located between the Palm Jumeirah, The World, the Jumeirah coast and the Palm Deira, the project was in the planning stages, but was placed on hold in 2009. Nakheels website continued to list The Universe as a project, however. The World Palm Islands Tourism in Dubai The Universe at Nakheels official site
24.
Tourism in Dubai
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Tourism in Dubai is an important part of the Dubai governments strategy to maintain the flow of foreign cash into the emirate. Dubais lure for tourists is based mainly on shopping, but also on its possession of other ancient, in 2008 one Russian woman was put on trial for drinking juice in public during the month of Ramadan. Dubai has a modest dress code as part of its criminal law, sleeveless tops and short dresses may not be allowed at Dubai Mall, nonetheless they are tolerated and women would not be asked to change their clothing. Clothes are advised to be in appropriate lengths, expats and tourists are not allowed to consume alcohol in public, besides licensed venues or private homes. Apostasy is a punishable by death in the UAE. UAE incorporates hudud crimes of Sharia law into its Penal Code - apostasy being one of them, Tourist accommodation in Dubai is ubiquitous and relatively expensive, and all of the worlds major chains are present in the city. In early August 2013, plans for Dubais first underwater hotel, most capitals and other major cities have direct flights to Dubai. More than 120 airlines operate to and from Dubai International Airport to more than 260 destinations, Dubai is also the home base of Emirates Airline, the international airline of the UAE, which operates scheduled services to more than 100 destinations. In June 2009 Emirates airline designated a special handling area at departures and arrivals for passengers with special needs, DTCM has been promoting the Cruise Business since the start of the 21st century. Highways and main roads in Dubai and the United Arab Emirates are designated by an Emirate Route Number, speed limits are clearly displayed on road signs and are usually 60-80kph around town and 100-120kph elsewhere. Dubai ranked third in the best taxi services behind Tokyo and Singapore, a senior Dubai judge was quoted on February 11,2008, by the Dubai City News saying, These laws help discourage anyone from carrying or using drugs. Even if the quantity of drugs found on someone is 0.05 grams. The penalty is a minimum of four years, the message is clear — drugs will not be tolerated. A number of travelers have been held pending charge while Dubai authorities test their possessions, blood, a young Norwegian woman, Marte Dalelv, was sentenced to 16 months in jail for illicit sex outside marriage after she reported being raped in Dubai. It later emerged that the reason she was sentenced was because she admitted lying about the rape and she was pardoned before serving her sentence. See also Prosecution of Marte Dalelv, no special immunizations are required, but tourists are encouraged to purchase appropriate medical insurance before travelling. Government immunization programs have led to recognition by a travel magazine, as a latest addition to the established modern health care system, Dubai offers online health care contacts of virtually all medical doctors in Dubai. Dubai has been nicknamed the shopping capital of the Middle East, the city draws large numbers of shopping tourists from countries within the region and from as far as Eastern Europe, Africa and the Indian Subcontinent
25.
Longshore drift
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Longshore drift is a geological process that consists of the transportation of sediments along a coast parallel to the shoreline, which is dependent on oblique incoming wind direction. Oblique incoming wind squeezes water along the coast, and so generates a current which moves parallel to the coast. Longshore drift is simply the sediment moved by the longshore current and this current and sediment movement occurs within the surf zone. Beach sand is moved on such oblique wind days, due to the swash and backwash of water on the beach. Breaking surf sends water up the beach at an oblique angle, thus beach sand can move downbeach in a zig zag fashion many tens of meters per day. This process is called beach drift but some regard it as simply part of longshore drift because of the overall movement of sand parallel to the coast. Longshore drift affects numerous sediment sizes as it works in different ways depending on the sediment. Sand is largely affected by the force of breaking waves. There are numerous calculations that take into consideration the factors that produce longshore drift, some of these are, Geological changes, e. g. erosion, backshore changes and emergence of headlands. Change in hydrodynamic forces, e. g. change in wave diffraction in headland, change to hydrodynamic influences, e. g. the influence of new tidal inlets and deltas on drift. Alterations of the sediment budget, e. g. switch of shorelines from drift to swash alignment, the intervention of humans, e. g. cliff protection, groynes, detached breakwaters. The sediment budget takes into consideration sediment sources and sinks within a system, a good example of the sediment budget and longshore drift working together in the coastal system is inlet ebb-tidal shoals, which store sand that has been transported by long shore transport. As well as storing sand these systems may also transfer or by pass sand into other systems, therefore inlet ebb-tidal systems provide a good sources. Long shore occurs in a 90 to 80 degree backwash so it would be presented as an angle with the wave line. This section consists of features of long shore drift that occur on a coast where long shore drift occurs uninterrupted by man-made structures, spits are formed when longshore drift travels past a point where the dominant drift direction and shoreline do not veer in the same direction. As well as dominant drift direction, spits are affected by the strength of wave driven current, wave angle, spits are landforms that have two important features, with the first feature being the region at the up-drift end or proximal end. The proximal end is attached to land and may form a slight “barrier” between the sea and an estuary or lagoon. As an example, the New Brighton spit in Canterbury, New Zealand, was created by longshore drift of sediment from the Waimakariri River to the north and this spit system is currently in equilibrium but undergoes phases of deposition and erosion
26.
Gulf News
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Gulf News is a daily English language newspaper published from Dubai. Gulf News was first launched in tabloid format in 1978 by prominent UAE businessman Abdul Wahab Galadari, its offices were located on the Airport Road, in November 1984, three leading UAE businessmen, purchased the company and formed Al Nisr Publishing. The new owners of the paper were Obaid Humaid Al Tayer, Abdullah Al Rostamani, with the death of Abdullah Al Rostamani in 2006, his position on the board is held by a family nominee while the other directors remain. Under new ownership, Gulf News was relaunched on 10 December 1985 and was free to the public and it also became available in Pakistan from August 1988. In order to better local coverage for its readers, Gulf News opened various bureaus around the United Arab Emirates, the GCC. In November 1995 the width of the papers broadsheet pages were reduced by four centimetres, Al Nisr Publishing became a limited liability company with a share capital of Dh15 million on 26 May 1997. The first online edition of Gulf News was launched on 1 September 1996, the daily launched video news in its online edition in the second part of the 2000s, being among the first in the region. As of 2008 Abdul Hamid Ahmad was the editor-in-chief of the paper, Gulf News moved to its present headquarters on Sheikh Zayed Road in April 2000. The daily changed its format to berliner on 1 June 2012, Gulf News was the first newspaper in the region to promote the arts, culture, music and sport through sponsorship of events. In March 1989, The paper started the Gulf Business Awards in collaboration with DHL for the Best Chief Executive, Enterprise, the scheme was discontinued in 1996. The regionally famous Gulf News Fun Drive was started in March 1986, the 26th Fun Drive was held in December 2006 and saw 750 all-terrain vehicles with over 2,800 participants. An earlier Fun Drive was recorded in the Guinness Book of Records as being a significant first achievement, another major event is the $6 million Dubai World Cup horse race meeting, which comprises seven top quality races, and includes a race for Purebred Arabians. Gulf News sponsors the $2 million Dubai Golden Shaheen, a Group 1 sprint which one of the main attractions, Gulf News also sponsors an entire evening of horse racing at Nad Al Sheba, with each race being named after one of its titles. The paper also sponsors a number of major sports events in the UAE, as well as seminars. The ensuing moral panic resulted in a ban of the site by Etisalat by 4 July 2007. The newspaper won the Asia - Pacific award for best newspaper production in July 1990, however, The papers online version was the seventh mostly visited website among all online websites in the same ranking. Forbes Middle East named it as the third in the Arab world in the period from 31 August 2011 to 31 August 2012, in January 2009 they ran a column by Mohammad Abdullah Al Mutawa that claimed the holocaust was a lie. Today, the world stands as a witness to the fact that the Nazi holocaust was a mere lie
27.
AMEinfo.com
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AMEinfo. com is a provider of online business information about the Middle East region. AMEinfo. com was initially Arabian Modern Equipment Est. incorporated in Abu Dhabi, February 1993 by Saif Al-Suwaidi, the first version of the AME Info CD-ROM database of 125,000 companies was developed and compiled late 1996 and sold some 10,000 copies. In mid-1996, Lars B. Nielsen joined the company as a shareholder, in 1997, sponsors including Royal Dutch Shell Middle East and UPS allowed the concept to expand, and the 1998 edition of AME Info reached a free circulation of more than 180,000 copies. Following the 1998 edition, more branded versions were produced for Royal Dutch Shell Middle East, Batelco, Orbit Television and Radio Network, in 1999 the company shifted from the CD-ROM platform to the Internet and added content such as company news and current events to the services. In November 2000 AME Info was awarded Best Commercial Services Site by Visa International, professional contributors across the region have joined the site with content columns including topics such as e-business, environment, education, defence and currency commentary among others. In May 2001 the company moved to Dubai Media City becoming AME Info FZ LLC and its content includes video and audio features, as well as streaming internet radio and business tools such as a currency converter. In May 2002 AME Info entered into a significant marketing tie-up with CNN International, under the agreement the two organizations would respectively promote each others services online and on air. AMEinfo. com was the first Middle East website to achieve certification from the Audit Bureau of Circulations, in July 2006, London-based EMAP Emap plc announced that Emap Communications, its business-to-business division, has acquired AME Info. AME was to form a part of Emap’s Middle East business which included MEED, the value of the deal was $29 million. According to the ABC audit figures published for March 2012, AMEinfo. com’s monthly unique browsers is now over 2.4 million, in June 2013 AME Info was acquired by MediaQuest together with sister site SME Info for an estimated US $1 million
28.
Developments in Dubai
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Construction on a large scale has turned Dubai into one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. There are a number of projects which are currently under construction or will be constructed in the future. Due to the construction which is taking place in Dubai,30,000 construction cranes. Also under construction is Dubailand, which will be almost twice the size of the Walt Disney World Resort, in 2009, many construction real estate projects were suspended or abandoned, due to the worsening financial crisis of 2007–2010. That has also caused property prices to fall throughout the United Arab Emirates. A Real Estate Regulatory Agency study found that over 200 projects had been cancelled between 2009 and 2011, in 2013 Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum created a committee to consider liquidating stalled building projects to pay off investors. H. Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum and it is located along Sheikh Zayed Road at the Trade Centre Roundabout. The complex comprises the tower, eight exhibition halls, the Dubai International Convention Centre. The Burj Khalifa is a skyscraper in the Downtown Dubai area of Dubai. The building is part of a huge development located at the First Interchange along Sheikh Zayed Road at Doha Street, skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP of Chicago is the lead architect, structural engineer and mechanical engineer of the Burj. George J. Efstathiou of SOM is the Managing Partner on the project, while Adrian Smith, third Party Review has been performed by CBM Engineers Inc. It is the tallest structure in the world, several other mega-projects in various states of planning and construction may vie for the title of tallest structure. One of Burj Khalifas main competitors was planned for a location only 50 km from the Burj Khalifa site, Nakheel Tower was being developed by Nakheel Properties, would have been around 1,400 m, but the project was cancelled in December 2009. The 500-acre development cost about US$20 billion, the tower covers a total of two million m² of development. Burj Khalifa Heights, worlds highest post office, has opened on 148th floor of Burj Khalifa. The development has been undertaken to celebrate the launch of AED3 official stamp, the Mall of the Emirates is a shopping mall in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is currently owned by Majid Al Futtaim, and was designed by the American architectural firm, Mall of the Emirates contains approximately 2,400,000 square feet of shops and the entire mall forms a total of approximately 6,500,000 square feet. Although it features the usual amenities for a mall, its biggest claim to fame is the Middle Easts first indoor ski slope, Ski Dubai
29.
Dubai
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Dubai is the largest and most populous city in the United Arab Emirates. It is located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the countrys legislature. The city of Dubai is located on the northern coastline. Dubai will host World Expo 2020, Dubai has emerged as a global city and business hub of the Middle East. It is also a transport hub for passengers and cargo. By the 1960s, Dubais economy was based on revenues from trade and, to an extent, oil exploration concessions. Oil revenue first started to flow in 1969, Dubais oil revenue helped accelerate the early development of the city, but its reserves are limited and production levels are low, today, less than 5% of the emirates revenue comes from oil. The emirates Western-style model of business drives its economy with the main revenues now coming from tourism, aviation, real estate, Dubai was recently named the best destination for Muslim travellers by Salam Standard. Dubai has recently attracted attention through many innovative large construction projects and sports events. The city has become iconic for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the worlds tallest building, Dubai has been criticised for human rights violations concerning the citys largely South Asian and Filipino workforce. As of 2012, Dubai was the 22nd most expensive city in the world, in 2014, Dubais hotel rooms were rated as the second most expensive in the world, after Geneva. Dubai was rated as one of the best places to live in the Middle East by U. S. global consulting firm Mercer, Many theories have been proposed as to the origin of the word Dubai. One theory suggests the word was used to describe the souq, another theory states that the name came from a word meaning money, as people from Dubai were commonly believed to be rich due to the thriving trading centre of the location. An Arabic proverb says Daba Dubai, meaning They came with a lot of money, according to Fedel Handhal, a scholar on the UAEs history and culture, the word Dubai may have come from the word daba, referring to the slow flow of Dubai Creek inland. The poet and scholar Ahmad Mohammad Obaid traces it to the same word, an inhabitant or native of the city is a Dubaian. Although stone tools have been found at archaeological sites, little is known about the UAEs early inhabitants as only a few settlements have been found. Many ancient towns in the area were trading centres between the Eastern and Western worlds, the remnants of an ancient mangrove swamp, dated at 7000 BC, were discovered during the construction of sewer lines near Dubai Internet City. The area was covered with sand about 5,000 years ago as the coast retreated inland, pre-Islamic ceramics have been found from the 3rd and 4th centuries
30.
Burj Al Alam
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It was designed to resemble a crystal flower. If constructed, it would have one of the worlds tallest buildings. The tower was one of the projects of the Fortune Group, the proposed building plan contained 74 floors of office space, a retail area at the base, and a hotel and serviced apartments in the top 27 floors. A 5-star hotel section would contain the highest hotel rooms in the world, the building would also feature a 6-storey crown that contained a Turkish bath, sky garden, and other club facilities. Ground breaking occurred on 12 November 2006 with the tower slated for completion in 2009, construction of the tower was put on hold just after piling work on the foundations was completed in 2009. The main contractor for construction had not yet been selected when a report stated the structure was expected to be completed in 2012, there was little sign of activity at the site after 2009, and no further statements regarding progress. The pit dug out for foundations was allowed to fill with water, sometime in 2012, the towers official website expired and is now domain parked. By the end of 2013, the project had officially cancelled
31.
Cayan Tower
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Cayan Tower, known as Infinity Tower before it was inaugurated, is a 306-metre-tall, 73-story skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates by Cayan Real Estate Investment and Development. The tower is designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill SOM architectural group, the group who did the concept design for the Burj Khalifa, also in Dubai. Upon its opening on 10 June 2013, the tower became worlds tallest high-rise building with a twist of 90 degrees, Cayan Towers apartments are designed with reconstituted wooden floors, Chinese synthetic marble counter tops, and kitchen fixtures. The tower also includes a parking garage behind it. The Cayan Tower has house financing options available for residents who may want to lease out their weekend or holiday condo. The lack of balcony space helps with the feeling of enclosure, the towers construction was on hold for a year and a half after the foundation site of the tower was flooded when the wall that held back the Dubai Marina was breached on 7 February 2007. Witnesses described a loud cracking sound, followed by an inflow of sand, the project resumed construction in July 2008. The Cayan Tower was inaugurated with fireworks accompanied with laser light display on the tower on 10 June 2013 and become the worlds tallest twisted tower and we know there won’t be any Cayan Tower in the world and this will be the only one
32.
DAMAC Residenze
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DAMAC Heights, formerly named Ocean Heights 2, is an 85-storey,335 m, supertall skyscraper under construction in Dubai Marina, Dubai. It is the second project by DAMAC Properties, the first being Ocean Heights. The building will overlook the Palm Jumeirah, as of February 2013, the foundation work of DAMAC Heights is in progress, while the piling has already been completed. The tower was planned to be 420 m high, but its height was reduced to 335 m in February 2013, the building topped out in September 2016. DAMAC Properties List of tallest buildings in Dubai DAMAC Properties Official website Emporis. com
33.
Emirates Towers
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The Emirates Towers is a building complex in Dubai that contains the Emirates Office Tower and Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel. The two towers, which rise to 355 m and 309 m, respectively, stand as the 42nd, the two towers are connected by a 9,000 m² two-storey retail complex known as The Boulevard. The Emirates Towers complex is located on the Sheikh Zayed Road in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, the Emirates Towers was constructed by the construction wing of Al Ghurair Investment group. A curiosity of the design is that the towers have a number of floors. This is because the floor heights of the office tower are greater than that of the hotel. The Emirates Towers complex is set in over 570,000 m² of gardens, with lakes, waterfalls, there is parking space for up to 1,800 cars. Emirates Tower One on CTBUH Skyscraper Center Emirates Tower Two on CTBUH Skyscraper Center
34.
Burj Al Arab
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The Burj al-Arab is a luxury hotel located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is the third tallest hotel in the world, however, Burj Al Arab stands on an artificial island 280 m from Jumeirah beach and is connected to the mainland by a private curving bridge. The shape of the structure is designed to mimic the sail of a ship and it has a helipad near the roof at a height of 210 m above ground. The beachfront area where Burj Al Arab and Jumeirah Beach Hotel are located was previously called Chicago Beach, the hotel is located on an island of reclaimed land 280 meters offshore of the beach of the former Chicago Beach Hotel. The locales name had its origins in the Chicago Bridge & Iron Company which at one time welded giant floating oil storage tanks, the old name persisted after the old Hotel was demolished in 1997. Dubai Chicago Beach Hotel remained as the Public Project Name for the phase of Burj Al Arab Hotel until Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced the new name. Burj Al Arab was designed by multidisciplinary consultancy Atkins, led by architect Tom Wright, the design and construction were managed by Canadian engineer Rick Gregory also of WS Atkins. Construction of the Island began in 1994 and involved up to 2,000 construction workers during peak construction and it was built to resemble the billowing spinnaker sail of a J-class yacht. Two wings spread in a V to form a vast mast and it needed to be a building that would become synonymous with the name of the country. Fletcher Construction from New Zealand was the joint venture partner in the initial stages of pre-construction and construction. The hotel was built by South African construction contractor Murray & Roberts, the building opened in December 1999. Several features of the required complex engineering feats to achieve. The hotel rests on an artificial island constructed 280 m offshore, to secure a foundation, the builders drove 230 forty-meter-long concrete piles into the sand. Engineers created a layer of large rocks, which is circled with a concrete honeycomb pattern. It took three years to reclaim the land from the sea, while it took fewer than three years to construct the building itself, the building contains over 70,000 m3 of concrete and 9,000 tons of steel. Inside the building, the atrium is 180 m tall, Burj Al Arab is the worlds third tallest hotel. The structure of the Rose Rayhaan, also in Dubai, is 11 m taller than Burj Al Arab, the hotel is managed by the Jumeirah Group. Despite its size, Burj Al Arab holds only 28 double-story floors which accommodate 202 bedroom suites, the smallest suite occupies an area of 169 m2, the largest covers 780 m2
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Burj Khalifa
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The Burj Khalifa, known as the Burj Dubai before its inauguration, is a megatall skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It has a height of 828 m, and with its antenna included, it stands a total height of 829.8 m, making it the tallest building. Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed 5 years later in 2009, the primary structure is reinforced concrete. The building was opened in 2010 as part of a new development called Downtown Dubai and it is designed to be the centrepiece of large-scale, mixed-use development. The decision to build the building is based on the governments decision to diversify from an oil-based economy. The building was named in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Abu Dhabi, the building broke numerous height records, including its designation as the tallest tower in the world. Burj Khalifa was designed by Adrian Smith, then of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, whose firm designed the Willis Tower, Hyder Consulting was chosen to be the supervising engineer with NORR Group Consultants International Limited chosen to supervise the architecture of the project. The design is derived from the Islamic architecture of the region, the Y-shaped tripartite floor geometry is designed to optimize residential and hotel space. A buttressed central core and wings are used to support the height of the building, although this design was derived from Tower Palace III, the Burj Khalifa’s central core houses all vertical transportation with the exception of egress stairs within each of the wings. The structure also features a system which is designed to withstand Dubais hot summer temperatures. It contains a total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators, critical reception to Burj Khalifa has been generally positive, and the building has received many awards. However, the issues during construction were controversial, since the building was built primarily by migrant workers from South Asia with several allegations of mistreatment. Poor working conditions are common, as the result of the lack of minimum wage laws in the United Arab Emirates, several instances of suicides have been reported, which is not uncommon for migrant construction workers in Dubai despite safety precautions in place. Construction began on 6 January 2004, with the exterior of the completed on 1 October 2009. The building officially opened on 4 January 2010, and is part of the new 2 km2 development called Downtown Dubai at the First Interchange along Sheikh Zayed Road, near Dubais main business district. The towers architecture and engineering were performed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill of Chicago, with Adrian Smith as chief architect, the primary contractor was Samsung C&T of South Korea. The towers construction was done by the division of Al Ghurair Investment group. The decision to build Burj Khalifa is reportedly based on the decision to diversify from an oil-based economy to one that is service
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Almas Tower
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Almas Tower is a 68-storey,360 m, supertall skyscraper in the Jumeirah Lakes Towers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Construction of the building began in early 2005 and was completed in 2009 with the installation of some remaining cladding panels at the top of the tower. The building was topped out in 2008, and became the tallest building in Dubai until 2009 when it was surpassed by Burj Khalifa. Almas Tower is located on its own island in the centre of the Jumeirah Lakes Towers Free Zone scheme. It was designed by Atkins Middle East, who designed most of the JLT Free Zone complex, the tower was constructed by the Taisei Corporation of Japan in a joint venture with Arabian Construction Co. who were awarded the contract by Nakheel Properties on 16 July 2005. The Dubai Multi Commodities Centre, the developer of the tower, was the first to move in, the DMCC moved its corporate offices along with the Dubai Diamond Exchange to the unfinished tower on 15 November 2008. Almas Tower now houses facilities that provide a range of services for the region’s diamond, coloured gemstones. Diamond cutting and exchange take place at the tower, due to the type of transactions taking place at the tower, high security is installed. Almas tower ranked 8th in the 2009 Emporis Skyscraper Awards, List of tallest buildings in Dubai List of tallest buildings in the United Arab Emirates DMCC entry Faithful+Gould Middle East & India Almas Tower
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Jumeirah Lake Towers
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Initially JLT had 4 lakes, in late 2012 developer announced that lake Elucio would be drained and 55,000 meter park would be created instead. Subsequently, Lake Allure has been renamed to JLT Lake, the total area covered by the lakes, waterways and landscaping will be 730, 000-square-metre. The towers will range from having 35 floors to having 45, except for the centerpiece, the tallest tower and the centerpiece of the entire complex is Almas Tower which is situated on its own island between Lake Almas West and Lake Almas East. The completion of Saba Tower in December 2006 marked the first tower to be completed in Jumeirah Lakes Towers, the majority of construction took place in 2008. By April 2011, over 80 percent of the towers in JLT was claimed to have been completed, as of June 2015 there were reported to still be 11 towers being either left undone due to the 2009 crisis or still undergoing construction in JLT. The towers in JLT proper are organised in 26 clusters of three named from A to Z, each cluster has its own parking structure and a retail waterfront. The centerpiece is Al Mas building comprises floors and houses the Dubai Multi Commodities Centre head office as well as Dubai Diamond Exchange, the basement of the tower houses the main diamond vault. There are currently two Universities in Jumeirah Lake Towers, there are two available Dubai metro stations along the site, Dubai Marina and Jumeirah Lakes Towers stations. On January 18,2007, two workers were killed and at least 40 injured when a fire out in the Fortune Tower. The Fortune Towers construction was delayed for several months, in addition, there was a smaller fire reported at the reception area of Tamweel Tower in the U cluster. The only reported injury was an infant who was taken to the hospital to be treated for smoke inhalation. The Dubai Police forensic department released its findings on the fire, according to the report, the fire started at the back of the building on the ground floor, where the waste material was piled by the laborers working on a shop in the building. The waste material contained papers, tapes and woods which fueled the flame, JLT includes the Al Seef Towers, a group of three apartment buildings. One of these, the Tamweel Tower, was gutted by fire in November 2012, Dubai Multi Commodities Centre Jumeirah Lakes Towers Free Zone Dubai Ports World Almas Tower Armada Towers Official website
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Pentominium
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The Pentominium is a 122-storey,516 m supertall skyscraper on hold in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Construction on the tower has been halted since August 2011 and it was designed by Andrew Bromberg of architects Aedas and funded by Trident International Holdings. The AED1.46 billion construction contract was awarded to Arabian Construction Company, the Pentominium has one of the deepest excavations done in the world, performed by Swissboring Overseas Piling Corp. Construction started on 26 July 2009 and, before construction stopped, by May 2011,22 floors had been completed. However, in August 2011, construction stopped after Trident International Holdings fell behind on payments for a US$20.4 million loan following the financial crisis. As of 2017, the tower still stands incomplete, had the project been completed as scheduled, the Pentominium would be the second tallest building in Dubai after Burj Khalifa as well as the tallest residential building in the world. The project management contract was awarded to the management firm Precipio. The word pentominium is a portmanteau of the penthouse and condominium. Each residential floor will have just one 4-bedroom apartment of over 600 m2, amenities available to residents would include a swimming pool, an observation deck, a private cinema, a health club and a banqueting hall, along with a cigar lounge and a business centre. List of tallest buildings in Dubai List of tallest residential buildings in Dubai List of buildings with 100 floors or more Official website Construction Week Dubai Sees Stalled Projects Revived
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The Wave Tower
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The Wave Tower is a proposed 92 floor supertall skyscraper for the Madinat Al Arab district of Dubai Waterfront in Dubai, United Arab Emirates designed by the Spanish architecture firm A-cero. It is planned to be 370 meters tall and is designed to be a green energy building and it was planned to begin construction in late 2009. It is covered with a double skin to control sunlight. As beginning of 2013, no progress has been made, developments in Dubai List of tallest buildings in Dubai Emporis http, //www. a-cero. com See more picture
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BurJuman
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BurJuman is one of the oldest shopping mall in Dubai, located in the residential area of Bur Dubai, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is developed and owned by Al Ghurair Group, the distinctive landmark comprises over 2.8 million square feet of mixed-use space including the shopping mall, business tower, hotel suites and duplex residences. The mall comprises over 800,000 square feet, BurJuman houses over 300 retail stores. On 21 August 2014, A new 5,780 square metre Carrefour hypermarket was opened at the remodeled North Wing, Carrefour will serve as a key anchor tenant in BurJuman. Burjuman houses over 40 restaurants and cafés, the BurJuman Metro Station entrance which is located near the north wing offers visitors a close and convenient link to the mall. In December 2012, RTA and BurJuman officially rename Khalid Bin Al Waleed Station to BurJuman Station under the Dubai Metro “Naming Rights Initiative”. The North Wing section of the mall opened its doors to the public on November 1991 thus, the mall used to comprise 500,000 square feet. The South Wing section of the mall opened to the public in the spring of 2007, by March 2013, the North Wing section of the mall had been closed for renovation. Carrefour hypermarket was opened on the newly renovated section of the mall on August 2014, in 2002, Burjuman announced a AED500 million project of the expansion of the mall north wing. The project include the construction of the south wing, a 26 storey luxury residential apartment building, a 23-storey hotel building. The construction started in 2004 and it was completed in late 2006, the total retail area was increased from 500,000 square feet to 800,000 square feet. The BurJuman Business Tower, which is the tallest tower in the area, is adjacent to The BurJuman Mall and it is a 30 storey tower, of which 22 floors are used for office purpose. The BurJuman Residence is located within the vicinity of the BurJuman mall and it is designed by the New York/London based architectural firm, Kohn Pedersen Fox. The apartment comprises 80 duplex apartments,10 townhouses and five penthouses, the residential tower incorporates eight meeting rooms, an underground car park with 200 spaces, gym and swimming pool. BurJuman Residence was opened for tenants on July 2006, the BurJuman Arjaan by Rotana is located within the vicinity of the BurJuman mall and also next to the Burjuman Residence. The renovation phases are in progress since 1 year, with initial MEP work commencing immediately, the renovation will be carried out in stages to ensure minimal disruption to the malls normal operational activities during the entire period. Beginning 1 March 2013, The North Wing section which opened in 1991 had been closed for renovation, key elements of the renovation include the addition of a fourth floor for the cinema complex and the extension of the third floor family entertainment area to include an extended food court. Following the renovations, the court will be doubled in size
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City Centre Deira
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City Centre Deira is located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and is the original flagship mall in the Majid Al Futtaim Properties portfolio. City Centre Deira opened on August 27,1995 and it is located in the older part of the city on cross road between Sharjah, Bur Dubai and the Airport. It is one of Majid Al Futtaims Group mall chains and is similar in size and it is a known shopping, entertainment and leisure complex with 2 levels. It has over 1.2 million sq. ft. of retail selling space, the malls anchor stores include Carrefour, Debenhams, Iconic, Sharaf DG, Virgin Megastore and Paris Gallery. 9m redevelopment project. The redevelopment will upgrade the malls centre court, create easier metro access, City Centre Deira has over 370 stores. The malls anchor stores include Carrefour, Debenhams, Iconic, Sharaf DG, Virgin Megastore, there is a variety of electronics stores, cosmetic brands, toy stores, Jewellery Court and Textile Court at City Centre Deira. F. Chang’s, Gazebo and Texas Roadhouse, and international Food Court with 21 outlets such as KFC, New York Fries, McDonald’s, Mrs Vanelli’s and Charley’s Grilled Subs, Chowking, Magic Planet Magic Planet is a family entertainment centre in the Middle East. It features the simulators, video games and theme rides for children, VOX Cinemas is spread over 5,661 square meters with 2,795 seats and also features VOX Café. City Centre Deira is connected to three hotels including City Centre Hotel and Residence, managed by Pullman, Novotel City Centre Deira, City Centre Deira - Official Website
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