The Panamanian Public Forces are the national security forces of Panama. Panama is the second country in Latin America to abolish its standing army, with Panama retaining a small paramilitary security force. This came as a result of a U.S. invasion that overthrew a military dictatorship which ruled Panama from 1968 to 1989. The final military dictator, Manuel Noriega, had been belligerent toward the U.S. culminating in the killing of a U.S. Marine lieutenant and U.S. invasion ordered by U.S. President George H. W. Bush.
A BMW X6, one of several deluxe vehicles impounded in high-profile cases that were converted to patrol vehicles of the National Police force.
American and Panamanian security forces practice water steering and maneuvering
United States invasion of Panama
The United States invaded Panama in mid-December 1989 during the presidency of George H. W. Bush. The primary purpose of the invasion was to depose the de facto ruler of Panama, General Manuel Noriega, who was wanted by U.S. authorities for racketeering and drug trafficking. The operation, codenamed Operation Just Cause, concluded in late January 1990 with the surrender of Noriega. The Panama Defense Forces (PDF) were dissolved, and President-elect Guillermo Endara was sworn into office.
1st Lt Robert Paz, 2nd Battalion, 9th Marines
Elements of 1st Bn, 508th Infantry parachuting into a drop zone, during training, outside of Panama City.
A U.S. Army M113
American soldiers preparing to take La Comandancia in the El Chorrillo neighborhood of Panama City, December 1989