The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis in the United States that began a major depression which lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages dropped, westward expansion was stalled, unempl
Whig cartoon showing the effects of unemployment on a family that has portraits of Democratic Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren on the wall
An 1837 caricature blames Andrew Jackson for hard times.
The Modern Balaam and His Ass, an 1837 caricature placing the blame for the Panic of 1837 and the perilous state of the banking system on outgoing President Andrew Jackson, shown riding a donkey, while President Martin Van Buren comments approvingly
Hard times token, late 1830s; privately minted, used in place of the one-cent coin during currency shortage; inscription reads "I Take the Responsibility", showing Andrew Jackson holding a drawn sword and a coin bag emerging from a strongbox.
The Second Bank of the United States was the second federally authorized National Bank in the United States, chartered under the Madison administration. Located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the bank
Panic of 1837
…were all factors. The lack of a central bank to regulate fiscal matters, which President Andrew Jackson had ensured by not extending the charter of the Second Bank of the United States, was also key. The ailing economy of early 1837 led investors to panic, and a bank run ensued, giving the crisis its name. The bank run came to a head…
The north façade of the bank on Chestnut Street
An 1824 draft on the bank written and signed by Daniel Webster, its attorney and the director of the Boston branch
A promissory note issued by the Second Bank of the United States, December 15, 1840, for the amount of $1,000
A Democratic cartoon from 1833 showing Jackson destroying the Second Bank with his "Order for the Removal", to the approval of the Uncle Sam-like figure to the right, and the annoyance of the bank's president, shown as the Devil himself. Numerous politicians and editors who were given favorable loans from the bank run for cover as the financial temple crashes down.