1.
Travis Knight
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Travis Knight is an American animator, film director and producer and former rapper, known for working as the lead animator for Laika Entertainment and for directing Kubo and the Two Strings. As Chilly Tee, Knight released one rap album, 1993s Get Off Mine and it featured production from The Bomb Squad and Knight wrote most of the lyrics. Knight is quoted in the Portland Monthly as saying, Nobody bought that record, I liked making music, but I hated the performing part of it. I think theres a reason most animators are hidden behind giant curtains, theyre not meant for the spotlight. He animated numerous television commercials and promo spots, including the NFL campaign on Fox and he also sits on the Laika board of directors. Along with Anthony Stacchi and Graham Annable, Knight was nominated for Best Animated Feature at the Academy Awards, in 2014, Knight began working on his directorial debut, Kubo and the Two Strings, which was released in 2016. He is the current president and CEO of Laika, along with serving on the board of directors of his fathers company, Nike, Knight was born in Hillsboro, Oregon, a suburb of Portland. Knight is the son of Penelope Penny and Phil Knight, the founder, Knight is the grandson of publisher William W. Knight. He attended Jesuit High School, near Beaverton, Oregon and he is a graduate of Portland State University. Knight is married and has three children, in June 2007, Knight was honored by Animation Magazine as one of 12 Rising Stars of Animation. In October 2012 he was awarded the first Alumni Achievement Award from Portland State University, travis Knight at the Internet Movie Database
2.
Kodi Smit-McPhee
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Kodi Smit-McPhee is an Australian actor. He will also play Will Burrows in the film adaptation of the novel Tunnels. Smit-McPhee was born in Adelaide, South Australia, the son of Sonja and his father is an actor and former professional wrestler. His sister is actress and singer Sianoa Smit-McPhee, smit-McPhees first feature film role was in Romulus, My Father, which garnered him the 2007 AFI Award for Best Young Actor as well as a Best Actor nomination. His appearance in 2009s The Road saw him receive a Critics Choice Award nomination for Best Young Actor, in 2012, he filmed The Congress. The film premiered at the 2013 Directors Fortnight at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival, Smit-McPhee then starred in ParaNorman, in which he lent his voice as the lead role of Norman. The film was nominated for Best Animated Feature for the 2013 Academy Awards, later the same year, Smit-McPhee had a role in Dead Europe, which premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival. His next role came in The Wilderness of James in the role of James. He also starred in A Birders Guide to Everything, which premiered at the 2013 Tribeca Film Festival and he co-starred in the 20th Century Fox film Dawn of the Planet of the Apes. The project reunited him with director Matt Reeves, with whom he worked with on the film Let Me In. In 2013, Smit-McPhee filmed the science fiction film Young Ones. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2014, soon after, he appeared in Slow West, which was released in 2015. In March 2014, he was cast in the Nine Networks seven-part drama series Gallipoli, which was broadcast in February and March 2015, the year that marks the 100th anniversary of the Gallipoli landing. He plays 17-year-old Thomas Tolly Johnson, who ages himself up so that he can enlist with his brother Bevan, the series is produced by Endemol Australia and was shot over a three-month period starting in March 2014. Smit-McPhee played Nightcrawler in X-Men, Apocalypse, a role whose older version was played by Alan Cumming. Smit-McPhee lives in Los Angeles, California, with his sister, media related to Kodi Smit-McPhee at Wikimedia Commons Kodi Smit-McPhee at the Internet Movie Database Gallipoli star hates war even more
3.
Tucker Albrizzi
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Tucker Albrizzi is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Tyler Duncan on Big Time Rush and he has appeared in such movies as I Am Number Four, Bridesmaids, Sicko, and Alvin and the Chipmunks, Chipwrecked. His father is of Italian descent and he began acting in commercials in Orlando, Florida in 2007 when he was 7 years old. His brother Patrick was diagnosed with Leukemia later that year and created a charity called Driving for Donors, Albrizzi and his family spent the next year traveling the country in an RV holding marrow drives for Driving For Donors. He came to Los Angeles in 2008 to be in a documentary with Patrick about Driving For Donors, Albrizzi and his brother appeared together in Michael Moores Sicko and as guests on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson. Within 2 months of arriving in Hollywood, Albrizzi booked his first series role in Bless This Mess. In 2009, he was cast in the role of Tyler on Big Time Rush. Later that year, he was also cast in the role of Jake, Gabes best friend, on Good Luck Charlie. In 2010, Albrizzi began acting in movies with appearances in Bridesmaids, I Am Number Four, and Treasure Buddies. In 2011, he was originally cast in Ted in the role of Robert, in the same year, he also got a role as the Kite Kid in Alvin and the Chipmunks, Chipwrecked. In 2016, Albrizzi co-starred in the science fiction action film Monster Trucks, Albrizzi began voice acting in 2010 with ParaNorman in the role of Neil. He was also the voice of Budderball in Treasure Buddies and played the role of Budderballs owner Bartleby in the movies
4.
Anna Kendrick
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Anna Cooke Kendrick is an American actress and singer. She began her career as an actor in theater productions. Her first prominent role was in the 1998 Broadway musical High Society and she made her film debut in the musical comedy Camp. Kendrick rose to prominence for her role in The Twilight Saga. She received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Up in the Air and she achieved further fame for playing the protagonist in the 2012 musical comedy Pitch Perfect and the 2015 sequel, Pitch Perfect 2. Kendrick has also featured in the comedy-drama 50/50, the crime-drama End of Watch, the musical-fantasy Into the Woods, in 2016, Kendrick published her memoir, Scrappy Little Nobody. Anna Cooke Kendrick was born on August 9,1985, in Portland, Maine, the daughter of Janice, an accountant, and William Kendrick and she is of English, Irish, and Scottish descent. Her maternal grandparents were Ronald and Ruth Cooke and she has an older brother, actor Michael Cooke Kendrick, who appeared in the 2000 film Looking for an Echo. She attended Deering High School in Portland before entering the entertainment business, Kendrick started her career as a child, auditioning for theater productions in New York City. When she was 12, she played a role in the 1998 Broadway musical High Society. Her performance earned her a Theater World Award, as well as nominations for Featured Actress in a Musical at the Drama Desk Awards and she went on to play a supporting role in the 2003 New York City Opera production of Stephen Sondheim’s musical A Little Night Music. Kendrick made her debut in the musical comedy Camp. Her performance as the nerdy Fritzi Wagner earned her a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Debut Performance and she went on to play an ambitious high school debater in Rocket Science, for which she earned a subsequent Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Supporting Female. Kendrick rose to prominence in 2008 for the fantasy romance Twilight, based on Stephenie Meyer’s novel of the same name, Kendrick played Jessica Stanley, the best friend of protagonist Bella Swan. In 2009, she appeared in the comedy The Marc Pease Experience, played her first leading role in the crime thriller Elsewhere and she then starred alongside George Clooney in director Jason Reitmans Up in the Air. Her performance as a college graduate was praised by critics. She was nominated for Best Supporting Actress at several ceremonies, including the Academy Awards, Golden Globe Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards. In 2010, Kendrick reprised her role of Jessica Stanley in The Twilight Saga, later that year, she appeared in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, in which she played the sister of the title character
5.
Casey Affleck
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Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt is an American actor and director. He began his career as a actor, appearing in the PBS television movie Lemon Sky. He later appeared in three Gus Van Sant films – To Die For, Good Will Hunting, and Gerry – and in Steven Soderberghs comedy heist trilogy Oceans Eleven, Oceans Twelve and his first leading role was in Steve Buscemis independent comedy-drama Lonesome Jim. In 2010, he directed the mockumentary Im Still Here, the film features his brother-in-law Joaquin Phoenix, and starred as a serial killer in The Killer Inside Me. He then appeared as an outlaw in Aint Them Bodies Saints, in 2016, Affleck appeared in the crime thriller Triple 9, the disaster drama The Finest Hours, and the drama Manchester by the Sea. For his performance as a man in the latter, he won the Golden Globe, BAFTA. Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck was born on August 12,1975 in Falmouth, Massachusetts, to Christopher Anne Chris, the surname Affleck is of Scottish origin. He also has English, Irish, German, and Swiss ancestry and his mother was a Radcliffe College– and Harvard–educated elementary school teacher. His father worked sporadically as a mechanic, a carpenter, a bookie, an electrician, a bartender. In the mid-1960s, he had been a manager, director, writer. During Afflecks childhood, his father was a disaster of a drinker, following his parents divorce when he was nine, Affleck and his older brother, Ben, lived with their mother and visited their father weekly. His first experience of acting was reenacting what was happening at home during role play exercises at Alateen meetings and he learned to speak Spanish during a year spent travelling around Mexico with his mother and brother when he was ten. The two siblings spent all of our time together, pretty much, obviously at school we were in different grades, but we had the same friends. When Affleck was 14, his father moved to Indio, California to enter a rehabilitation facility, Affleck reconnected with his father during visits to California as a teenager, I got to know him, really, because he was sober for the first time. The man I knew before that was just completely different, the brothers sometimes appeared in local weather commercials and as movie extras because of their mothers friendship with a local casting director. Affleck acted in high school theater productions while a student at Cambridge Rindge. He has said he wouldn’t be an actor if not for his high school theater teacher Gerry Speca, He kind of turned me on to acting, why it can be fun, how it can be rewarding. At the age of eighteen, Affleck moved to Los Angeles for a year to pursue an acting career and he soon transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he followed the core curriculum for a total of two years
6.
Christopher Mintz-Plasse
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Christopher Mintz-Plasse is an American actor and musician who has performed roles such as Fogell in Superbad, Augie Farcques in Role Models, and as Chris DAmico in Kick-Ass and its sequel Kick-Ass 2. Mintz-Plasse was born and raised in Woodland Hills, California, where he attended El Camino Real High School and his mother was a school counselor and his father a postal worker. When auditioning for the part of Fogell in his film debut Superbad, he had no professional head shots, because he was 17 at the time and still a minor, his mother was required by law to be on set while he filmed his sex scene in the movie. In 2008, Mintz-Plasse next appeared with Paul Rudd and Seann William Scott in David Wains film Role Models as Augie Farques and he also made a small guest appearance on an episode of David Wains internet series, Wainy Days. He then starred in Harold Ramiss film Year One, as a version of the biblical figure Isaac. He also appeared in a film titled The Tale of RJ which ended up becoming the basis for the television series The Hard Times of RJ Berger. The next year, he voiced Fishlegs in the animated film How to Train Your Dragon, in April 2010, he appeared in Kick-Ass as the superhero Red Mist, a. k. a. Chris DAmico, which was planned to be a role until director Matthew Vaughn saw Mintz-Plasse audition. Mintz-Plasse originally auditioned for the role of Kick-Ass, but when the producers believed that his acting was too loud, in May 2010, he guest-starred in an episode of Party Down as Kent, a friend of the character Roman. He performed his second voice-over that month in the film Marmaduke, the same year he was featured in two music videos, Kid Cudis Erase Me, featuring Kanye West, and the indie rock band The Soft Packs Answer to Yourself. In 2011, Mintz-Plasse appeared in the remake of the 1985 film Fright Night as Evil Ed, at first he was reluctant to accept the role as it was a remake, but he accepted after reading the script and seeing the talent involved. In 2012, he voiced the bullying student Alvin in the stop motion animated film, the same year he also had a small role in the film Pitch Perfect as Tommy, the universitys audition launcher. He then starred in a film, Would You, written by his Fright Night co-star Dave Franco. He reprised his role of Chris DAmico in the sequel Kick-Ass 2, Mintz-Plasse found the role to be darker than any other he had portrayed to date, and hired an acting coach to help him with the more intense scenes. He made his music video appearance in the Unknown Mortal Orchestras music video So Good At Being In Trouble. He and his Kick-Ass co-star Chloë Grace Moretz starred in a segment, Middle School Date. He also had roles in Seth Rogen and Evan Goldbergs This Is the End, playing a fictional version of himself. In September 2013, Mintz-Plasse and Dave Franco set out on a road trip across America to promote the technology company LGs Its All Possible campaign for its flagship smartphone
7.
Leslie Mann
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Mann was born in San Francisco, California, and grew up in Newport Beach. She was raised by her mother, an estate agent who had married three times. Mann has stated of her father, My dad is. I dont really have one, I mean, he does exist, but I have zero relationship with him. She has two siblings and three older step-brothers and her maternal grandmother, Sadie Viola Heljä Räsänen, was the daughter of Finnish immigrants. Mann has said that she was shy, kind of pent-up during her youth. She graduated from Corona del Mar High School, and studied acting at the Joanne Baron / D. W. Brown Studio and she attended college and studied communications, but dropped out before graduating. Mann began her career at 18 appearing in a number of television commercials, in 2007, Mann starred alongside Seth Rogen and Paul Rudd in Judd Apatows comedy Knocked Up, which grossed more than $218 million worldwide. Manns performance in the film garnered her rave reviews as well as a Best Supporting Actress nomination from the Chicago Film Critics Association, in 2009, Mann reunited with her Big Daddy co-star Adam Sandler and Knocked Up co-star Seth Rogen for Apatows Funny People. This film was named to many of the top ten lists including The New Yorker. That same year, Mann also starred in Burr Steers successful comedy 17 Again opposite Zac Efron and Matthew Perry and she was also seen in the indie hit I Love You Phillip Morris alongside Jim Carrey and Ewan McGregor. Mann also starred alongside Elizabeth Banks in the film What Was I Thinking, based upon the book by Barbara Davilman and Liz Dubelman which was filmed in 2009 but never released. In 2011, Mann starred opposite Ryan Reynolds and Jason Bateman in David Dobkins comedy The Change-Up, Mann continued her voice performance work in 2012 with her role in ParaNorman, an animated 3D, stop-motion film from writer/director Chris Butler. In December 2012, Mann appeared opposite Paul Rudd in Judd Apatows This Is 40, the movie reunited the trio from the film, with Mann and Rudd reprising their characters. The film was written and directed by Judd Apatow, and included their two daughters in the cast, in contrast to Knocked Up, This Is 40 centered squarely on Manns character and her family. An early response on Manns performance from Elle Magazine states that doesnt just walk off with scenes—she steals the show, Mann was nominated for Best Actress in a Comedy by the Broadcast Film Critics Association for This Is 40. In 2013, Mann was in Sofia Coppolas The Bling Ring with Emma Watson, inspired by actual events, the film follows a group of fame-obsessed L. A. teenagers who burgled celebrity homes by tracking their whereabouts on the internet. In 2014, Mann narrated Women in Comedy, an episode of season 2 of Makers, Mann and Apatow have two daughters, Iris and Maude, who both appeared in the films Knocked Up, Funny People, and This Is 40 as the children of Manns characters. Mann and Apatow are both supporters of the non-profit organization 826LA, which focuses on encouraging the writing skills of disadvantaged youth
8.
Jeff Garlin
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Jeffrey Todd Jeff Garlin is an American comedian, actor, producer, voice artist, director, writer, podcast host and author. He currently stars in the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs, Garlin was born in Chicago, Illinois to Gene and Carole Garlin. He grew up in Morton Grove, Illinois, where his father had a family plumbing business called Bilko. He has a brother, Michael. Garlin is Jewish and attended Hebrew school, Garlin says he has wanted to be a comedian since he was eight when he saw Jimmy Durante perform in Chicago. Garlin attended Melzer Elementary School in Morton Grove, Illinois and he enjoyed playing sports at school, but had to stop, because he has Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, a heart ailment. When Garlin was in grade, his father sold his supply business. He graduated from Nova High School, Davie, Florida in 1980 and he attended Broward Community College, followed by a stint at the University of Miami studying film, but eventually dropped out. He began performing stand-up comedy there, in 1984, aged 22, Garlin moved back to Chicago to pursue a stand-up comedy career. He performed with the comedy troupe The Second City and he worked in the box office with Stephen Colbert. In the late 1980s, Garlin was briefly roommates with Conan OBrien, who was then a comedy writer. He remains close to OBrien, and after OBrien was removed as host of The Tonight Show in 2010 so that Jay Leno could return, Garlin was hired by comedians Denis Leary and Jon Stewart to help develop their specials. He worked as a director for their shows and edited the scripts. He worked with Larry David in this same way and he continues to do standup, where he says he improvises a lot on stage, and feels very relaxed, maybe too relaxed. From 1997–99, Garlin spent three seasons on NBCs Mad About You in the role of Marvin and he co-starred and executive produced the HBO series Curb Your Enthusiasm. In 2013, Garlin signed onto the ABC sitcom The Goldbergs and he had a recurring role on the series Wizards of Waverly Place as Uncle Kelbo, appearing in three episodes over the first three seasons. Nine years after making an uncredited début as Gut Gut in Spring Break and he had a small role in RoboCop 3 as Donut Jerk after a member of the casting crew witnessed Garlin eating a doughnut while leaving Krispy Kreme with an additional two dozen doughnuts. He also had appearances in Austin Powers, The Spy Who Shagged Me in 1999
9.
Elaine Stritch
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Elaine Stritch was an American actress and singer, known for her work on Broadway. She made her stage debut in 1944 and appeared in numerous stage plays, musicals, feature films. She was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1995 and her one-woman show Elaine Stritch at Liberty, won the 2002 Tony Award for Best Special Theatrical Event. Stritch relocated to London in the 1970s and starred in several West End productions, including Tennessee Williams Small Craft Warnings and she also starred with Donald Sinden in the ITV sitcom Twos Company, which earned her a 1979 BAFTA TV Award nomination. She won an Emmy Award in 1993 for her guest role on Law & Order and another for the 2004 television documentary of her one-woman show. From 2007 to 2012, she had a role as Colleen Donaghy on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock. Stritch was born on February 2,1925, in Detroit, Michigan, the youngest daughter of Mildred, a homemaker, and George Joseph Stritch and her Roman Catholic family was well-off. Her father was of Irish descent, while her mother had Welsh ancestry, samuel Stritch, Archbishop of Chicago from 1940 to 1958, was one of her uncles. She trained at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School in New York City under Erwin Piscator, alongside Marlon Brando, Stritch made her stage debut in 1944. Stritch understudied Ethel Merman for Call Me Madam, and, at the time, appeared in the 1952 revival of Pal Joey. Stritch later starred in the tour of Call Me Madam. She was the lead in the musical Goldilocks and she starred in Noël Cowards Sail Away on Broadway in 1961. During out-of-town tryouts in Boston, Coward was unsure about the talents of one of the leads. Joe Layton suggested What would happen if. we just eliminated role, the show was very old-fashioned, and the thing that was working was Elaine Stritch. Every time she went on stage was a sensation. The reconstructed Sail Away opened on Broadway at the Broadhurst Theatre on October 3,1961, with Stritch giving what Howard Taubman of The New York Times said “must be the performance of her career. ”In 1966, she played Ruth Sherwood in the musical Wonderful Town at New Yorks City Center, and appeared in an Off Broadway revival of Private Lives in 1968. Stritch became known as a singer with a brassy, powerful voice and she was the original performer cast in the role of Joanne in Stephen Sondheims Company on Broadway. After over a decade of successful runs in shows in New York, Stritch moved in 1972 to London, where she starred in the West End production of Company
10.
Bernard Hill
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Bernard Hill is an English film, stage and television actor. Hill was born in Blackley, Manchester and he was brought up in a Catholic family of miners. Hill attended Xaverian College, and then Manchester Polytechnic School of Drama at the time as Richard Griffiths. He graduated with a diploma in theatre in 1970 and his characters much-repeated phrase Gizza job became popular with protesters against Margaret Thatchers government, because of the high unemployment of the time. Hill then appeared as Sergeant Putnam in Gandhi, directed by Richard Attenborough, though Hill did not figure prominently in the cast, he benefited from being part of an Oscar-winning film. Next up for Hill was Roger Donaldson’s The Bounty, a dramatisation of the famed mutiny on HMS Bounty. In 1985, he played the role in a TV dramatisation of John Lennons life. In addition to TV roles, Hill appeared on stage in The Cherry Orchard, Hill added more prominent films to his resume, including Mountains of the Moon, Skallagrigg and Madagascar Skin. In the mid-1990s, Hill began appearing in films more regularly, being in the then biggest grossing film of all time attracted attention to his career, as Hill became more sought-after for more prominent parts. Hill played Philos in The Scorpion King, starring Dwayne The Rock Johnson, Michael Clarke Duncan and Kelly Hu. Hill became known to an audience when he was cast in the role of King Théoden of Rohan in Peter Jacksons The Lord of the Rings film trilogy based on Tolkiens novel of the same name. Before casting him as King Théoden, director Peter Jackson considered Hill for the part of Gandalf, when he was due to leave the set at the end of production, Jackson gave Hill two gifts, Théodens helmet and sword Herugrim. At the 2006 BAFTA TV Awards and International Emmy Award, Hill was nominated for his portrayal of David Blunkett in the satirical drama. Hill is one of the few actors who have acted in three films went on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. He did this with Gandhi, Titanic and The Lord of the Rings and he held a minor role in the 2008 film Valkyrie, as the commanding general of the German Afrika Korp X Panzer Division, and as a voice actor for Sir Walter Beck in Fable III. Due to his affinity and links to the region, along with his extensive CV in film, Hill was announced as a new patron and judge of the Norwich Film Festival, that was held on March 2012. He plays Samuel Cotton, who runs a factory with his son in the 2014 three-part BBC drama series about Manchester From There To Here. Hill appears as Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk in the 2015 six-part BBC adaptation of Hilary Mantels novels and he is married to Marianne Hill, and has a son named Gabriel
11.
Jodelle Ferland
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Jodelle Micah Ferland is a Canadian actress. Ferland was born in Nanaimo, British Columbia, the daughter of Valerie and her siblings are actress Marisha Ferland and musician Jeremy Ferland. Ferland started her career in commercials at the age of two and she made her movie debut at age 4 in the TV-movie Mermaid, for which she received a Daytime Emmy Award nomination, making her the youngest nominee in Emmy history. In 2005, she starred in the Terry Gilliam drama Tideland, later, she appeared in the 2006 film Silent Hill, an adaptation of the well-known video game, and had a supporting role in Good Luck Chuck for Lions Gate Entertainment. In 2006, she filmed the movie Case 39 opposite Renée Zellweger, however, because of a lengthy post-production and she played Bree Tanner in the third film of the Twilight series, Eclipse. She stated, Usually I read the script before I take a role and its Twilight, of course Im going to take it. From 2010 to 2011, she provided voice work for the videogame BioShock 2 and its DLC, appeared in the SyFy movie Ice Quake, and starred in the Lifetime television movie Girl Fight. From 2013 to 2014, she starred in the family film Midnight Stallion, the short film Monster, in 2015, she starred in the short film The Goodbye Girl and the horror film The Unspoken, which premiered at the Film4 Frightfest Film Festival on October 24. Since June 2015, Ferland has starred as Five in the SyFy series Dark Matter, in June 2016 she appeared in the Lifetime television movie Revenge Porn, and is set to appear in the short film Women Seen directed by Amanda Tapping and the comedy sequel Bigger Fatter Liar. In October 2016, Ferland provided the narration for the audio book Wonder Women, written by Sam Maggs, Jodelle Ferland at the Internet Movie Database Jodelle Ferland on Twitter
12.
Alex Borstein
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Alexandrea Alex Borstein is an American actress, voice actress, writer, producer, and comedian. She has performed the role as Lois Griffin on the animated television series Family Guy. A native of Deerfield, Illinois, Borstein is a graduate of San Francisco State University, Borstein was born in Highland Park, Illinois, a suburb north of the city of Chicago, in 1973, though some sources still say 1971. She was raised in Deerfield, Illinois and her parents, Irv and Judy Borstein, are both mental health professionals. Her mother was raised in Budapest, Hungary, and moved to the United States after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Borstein attended San Francisco State University in San Francisco, California. Borstein trained in improv at the ACME Comedy Theater, where she met her writing partner, in 1996, while still writing for Casper, Borstein worked on the show Power Rangers Zeo as the voice of Queen Machina, the queen of the Machine Empire. In 1997, Borstein became a cast member on the season of the sketch comedy show MADtv. She originally joined the cast as a player, but was upgraded to the repertory mid-season. Borstein was best known on MADtv for her character Ms, when Seth Green made recurring appearances on the show as mean boss Mr. Brightling, Borstein would play his mother, Mama Brightling. While working on MADtv, Borstein met Seth MacFarlane, who was preparing to launch the animated sitcom Family Guy on FOX. MacFarlane cast Borstein as the voice of character Lois Griffin and she has made at least three guest appearances, once as Lois Griffin, on the Comedy Central animated program Drawn Together. In 2000, Borstein was cast as Sookie St. James in the WB drama Gilmore Girls and she portrayed Sookie in the pilot, but her MADtv contract prevented her from continuing in the role, which was recast with Melissa McCarthy. Borstein made recurring appearances on Gilmore Girls throughout the run, first as the harpist Drella. As an actress, she has made appearances in films as Killers. She played the principal in The Lizzie McGuire Movie, the best friend of Halle Berrys character in Catwoman, and an employee at CBS News in Good Night. She also had a cameo in the Will Ferrell movie Kicking & Screaming as an obnoxious coffee shop patron. She also had a role in the movie Bad Santa. On some commercials, she sometimes voices Olive Oyl from Popeye and she also had a minor role in the film Ted, in 2012
13.
John Goodman
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John Stephen Goodman is an American actor. Early in his career, he was best known for playing Dan Conner on the ABC TV series Roseanne, for which he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in 1993. He is also a collaborator with the Coen brothers on such films as Raising Arizona, Barton Fink, The Big Lebowski, O Brother, Where Art Thou. Goodmans voice roles in animated films include Pacha in Disneys The Emperors New Groove, John Heilpern of Vanity Fair has called him among our very finest actors. Goodman was born in Affton, Missouri, Goodman has a sister named Elisabeth and a brother named Leslie. He is of English, German, Irish, and Welsh ancestry, Goodman went to Affton High School, where he played football and dabbled in theater. He earned a scholarship to Missouri State University in Springfield. He pledged to Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity but did not join until several years later and he discovered the drama program and studied there with future Hollywood stars Kathleen Turner and Tess Harper. He remains close to his school friends and he graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1975. After an injury ended his football career, Goodman decided to become a professional actor. With a small bankroll from his brother, Goodman found an apartment near the Theater District, However, he eventually found modest success in voice-overs, commercials, and plays. He was the person who slapped himself in a television ad for Skin Bracer by Mennen. Goodman also performed off-Broadway and in theatres, before landing character roles in film during the early 1980s. In 1985, Goodman originated the role of Pap Finn in Big River, for his role, he received a Drama Desk nomination for Best Featured Actor in a Musical, he is also featured on the Original Broadway Cast Recording. He had a history of appearances on late night comedy shows and was the first guest on Late Night with Conan OBrien. In 1982, Goodman started landing movie roles, beginning with a role in Eddie Macons Run. During this period he continued to work on the stage, starring in Big River from 1985 to 1987, before landing his big break into movies in 1986, with a significant comedic role in True Stories, he had a brief cameo as Otis in Sweet Dreams. He is also known for his role as the football coach for Adams College in the movie Revenge of the Nerds
14.
Jon Brion
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Jon Brion is an American rock and pop multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter, composer and record producer. Brion also works as a solo artist and released his solo album, Meaningless. Brion was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey and he came from a musical family, his mother, LaRue, was an administrative assistant and singer, and his father, Keith Brion, was a band director at Yale. His brother and sister became a composer/arranger and a violinist, respectively, Brion had difficulties at Hamden High School and at the age of 17 left education, opting instead to play music professionally. From 1980–85 Jon was part of the band The Excerpts, along with Stephen Harris, Dean Falcone, Jim Balga, in the early 1980s, Brion and musician/producer Bill Murphy began a writing collaboration in New Haven, Connecticut. They eventually enlisted bassist Don Riff Fertman and together formed The Bats, the Bats released a single, Popgun and one album How Pop Can You Get. on Gustav records in 1982. The recordings had much critical acclaim, but little success. In 1987, Brion moved to Boston, where he played solo gigs, formed the short-lived band Worlds Fair and became a member of the last touring version of Aimee Manns new wave band Til Tuesday. He contributed guitar work to Jellyfishs 1993 album Spilt Milk, and in 1994, joined Dan McCarroll, Buddy Judge and he also played guitar on The Wallflowers hit song One Headlight. Brion played numerous instruments on Sam Phillips 1996 release Omnipop, Brion is featured as keyboardist and drummer on Marianne Faithfulls 2003 album, Kissin Time, and co-wrote a song, City of Quartz, for her next work, 2005s Before the Poison. After being recognized as a session player, Brion branched out into production on then-girlfriend Manns 1993 solo debut, Whatever. He has also produced albums by Fiona Apple, Rufus Wainwright, Eleni Mandell, Rhett Miller, Robyn Hitchcock, Brad Mehldau and Evan Dando, and co-produced Kanye Wests Late Registration in 2005. In the fall of 2002, Brion began producing the album Extraordinary Machine with Fiona Apple, Brions versions leaked onto the Internet, where the album gained a cult following long before its official release. Brion worked and performed on some of the tracks for Sean Lennons 2006 album Friendly Fire, lennon said that working with him was how I would imagine its like to work with Prince. Its like having a weird alien prodigy in your room, more recently, Brion has produced recordings by British pop performer Dido, Spoon, and Keane, as well as 2010s False Priest by Of Montreal. Brion also produced Best Coasts second album which was released in early 2012, Brion was signed to the Lava/Atlantic label in 1997, but was released from his contract after turning in his solo debut album Meaningless, the album was released independently in 2001. He is rumored to be working on his second solo album at Abbey Road Studios. Brion is a film composer, having started scoring by frequently working with director Paul Thomas Anderson
15.
Laika (company)
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Laika Entertainment, LLC. is an American stop-motion animation studio specializing in feature films, commercial content for all media, music videos and short films. It is best known for its feature films, Coraline, ParaNorman, The Boxtrolls and Kubo. The studio is owned by Nike co-founder and chairman Phil Knight and is located in Oregons Portland metropolitan area, knights son, Travis, acts as Laikas president and CEO. The company had two divisions, Laika Entertainment for feature films and Laika/house for commercial content, Laika spun off the commercial division in July 2014 to focus on feature film production exclusively. The new independent commercial division is now called HouseSpecial, in 1998, Knight made his initial investment and his son Travis started work at the studio as an animator. In 2002, Phil Knight acquired the financially struggling Will Vinton Studios to pursue feature-length productions, the following year, Henry Selick, director of The Nightmare Before Christmas, joined the studio as a supervising director. They also announced their first projects, the stop-motion film Coraline, the studio laid off a significant portion of its staff in 2008, when its second planned feature, Jack & Bens Animated Adventure, was cancelled. After directing Moongirl and Coraline, and unsuccessfully renegotiating his contract, at the end of the year, the studio laid off more staff in its computer animation department to focus exclusively on stop-motion. Their second stop-motion feature film, ParaNorman, opened on August 17,2012, after working on stop-motion commercials for clients such as Apple Inc. Fox Sports, ESPN and Coca-Cola, Laika spun off its portion in July 2014. The new independent commercial division is now called HouseSpecial and their third film, The Boxtrolls, was released on September 26,2014. It was based on Alan Snows fantasy-adventure novel, Here Be Monsters. and was directed by Anthony Stacchi and their fourth film, Kubo and the Two Strings, was released on August 19,2016. It received two nominations at the Academy Awards, for Best Animated Feature and Best Visual Effects and it won the BAFTA for Best Animated Feature. Laika has optioned Colin Meloys fantasy novel Wildwood and Philip Reeves fantasy book Goblins, in March 2015, the company announced it would expand the studio in an effort to allow for production of one film per year
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Focus Features
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Focus Features is an American film production and distribution company, owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. Focus Features distributes independent and foreign films in the United States, Focus Features was formed from the 2002 divisional merger of USA Films, Universal Focus and Good Machine. USA Films was created by Barry Diller in 1999 when he purchased October Films and Gramercy Pictures from Seagram, Focus most successful release in North America to date is Brokeback Mountain, which earned $83 million at the North American box office. However, this is not counting the total of Traffic. Focus most successful release is Burn After Reading, which earned $163.7 million in worldwide gross revenue. The animated film Coraline was also highly profitable for the company and its DVD and movie rights revenues are boosted by cult classics including Wet Hot American Summer. In May 2015, Gramercy Pictures was revived by Focus as a label, that was on action, sci-fi. In February 2016, Focus merged with Universal Pictures International Productions as part of a new strategy to align the acquisition and production of specialty films in the global market. In August 2011, Focus Features launched Focus World, a label focusing on the video on demand market with plans to distribute 15 films per year. List of Focus Features films Rogue FilmDistrict Sony Pictures Entertainment Stage 6 Films Official website Focus Features at the Internet Movie Database
17.
3D film
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A three-dimensional stereoscopic film is a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception, hence adding a third dimension. The most common approach to the production of 3D films is derived from stereoscopic photography, 3D films are not limited to theatrical releases, television broadcasts and direct-to-video films have also incorporated similar methods, especially since the advent of 3D television and Blu-ray 3D. 3D films became more and more throughout the 2000s, culminating in the unprecedented success of 3D presentations of Avatar in December 2009. The stereoscopic era of motion pictures began in the late 1890s when British film pioneer William Friese-Greene filed a patent for a 3D film process, in his patent, two films were projected side by side on screen. The viewer looked through a stereoscope to converge the two images, because of the obtrusive mechanics behind this method, theatrical use was not practical. Frederic Eugene Ives patented his stereo camera rig in 1900, the camera had two lenses coupled together 1¾ inches apart. On June 10,1915, Edwin S. Porter and William E. Waddell presented tests to an audience at the Astor Theater in New York City. However, according to Adolph Zukor in his 1953 autobiography The Public Is Never Wrong, My 50 Years in the Motion Picture Industry, nothing was produced in this process after these tests. The earliest confirmed 3D film shown to an audience was The Power of Love. The camera rig was a product of the producer, Harry K. Fairall. Whether Fairall used colored filters on the ports or whether he used tinted prints is unknown. After a preview for exhibitors and press in New York City, the film dropped out of sight, apparently not booked by exhibitors, and is now considered lost. Kelley then struck a deal with Samuel Roxy Rothafel to premiere the first in his series of Plasticon shorts entitled Movies of the Future at the Rivoli Theater in New York City. Also in December 1922, Laurens Hammond premiered his Teleview system, Teleview was the first alternating-frame 3D system seen by the public. Using left-eye and right-eye prints and two interlocked projectors, left and right frames were alternately projected, each pair being shown three times to suppress flicker. Viewing devices attached to the armrests of the seats had rotary shutters that operated synchronously with the projector shutters, producing a clean. The show ran for weeks, apparently doing good business as a novelty. In 1922, Frederic Eugene Ives and Jacob Leventhal began releasing their first stereoscopic shorts made over a three-year period, the first film, entitled Plastigrams, was distributed nationally by Educational Pictures in the red-and-blue anaglyph format
18.
Stop motion
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Stop motion is an animation technique that physically manipulates an object so that it appears to move on its own. The object is moved in increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a fast sequence. Dolls with movable joints or clay figures are used in stop motion for their ease of repositioning. Stop motion animation using plasticine is called clay animation or clay-mation, not all stop motion requires figures or models, many stop motion films can involve using humans, household appliances and other things for comedic effect. Stop motion using objects is sometimes referred to as object animation, the term stop motion, related to the animation technique, is often spelled with a hyphen, stop-motion. Stop motion is often confused with the time lapse technique, where photographs of a live surrounding are taken at regular intervals. Time lapse is a technique whereby the frequency at which frames are captured is much lower than that used to view the sequence. When played at speed, time appears to be moving faster. Stop motion animation has a history in film. It was often used to show objects moving as if by magic, in 1902, the film Fun in a Bakery Shop used the stop trick technique in the lightning sculpting sequence. In 1907, The Haunted Hotel is a new stop motion film by J. Stuart Blackton, segundo de Chomón, from Spain, released El Hotel Eléctrico later that same year, and used similar techniques as the Blackton film. In 1908, A Sculptors Welsh Rarebit Nightmare was released, as was The Sculptors Nightmare, italian animator Roméo Bossetti impressed audiences with his object animation tour-de-force, The Automatic Moving Company in 1912. The great European stop motion pioneer was Wladyslaw Starewicz, who animated The Beautiful Lukanida, The Battle of the Stag Beetles, The Ant, one of the earliest clay animation films was Modelling Extraordinary, which impressed audiences in 1912. December 1916 brought the first of Willie Hopkins 54 episodes of Miracles in Mud to the big screen, also in December 1916, the first woman animator, Helena Smith Dayton, began experimenting with clay stop motion. She would release her first film in 1917, an adaptation of William Shakespeares Romeo, in the turn of the century, there was another well known animator known as Willis O Brien. His work on The Lost World is well known, but he is most admired for his work on King Kong, oBriens protege and eventual successor in Hollywood was Ray Harryhausen. After learning under OBrien on the film Mighty Joe Young, Harryhausen would go on to create the effects for a string of successful and memorable films over the next three decades. These included The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms, It Came from Beneath the Sea, Jason, in a 1940 promotional film, Autolite, an automotive parts supplier, featured stop motion animation of its products marching past Autolite factories to the tune of Franz Schuberts Military March
19.
Comedy horror
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Comedy horror is a literary and film genre that combines elements of comedy and horror fiction. Comedy horror has been described as able to be categorized under three types, black comedy, parody and spoof, the genre almost inevitably crosses over with the black comedy genre. Comedy horror will often use satire on horror cliches as its source of humour or take a story in a different perspective, such as The Cabin in the Woods. Author Bruce G. Hallenbeck cites the short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving as the first great comedy horror story, the story made readers laugh one moment and scream the next, and its premise was based on mischief typically found during the holiday Halloween. Horror and comedy have been associated with each other since the days of horror novels. Shortly after the publication of Frankenstein, comedic parodies appeared, edgar Allan Poe put humor and horror on the same continuum, and many nineteenth century authors used black humor in their horror stories. Contemporary author Robert Bloch called them opposite sides of the same coin, in comedy horror film, gallows humor is a common element. In the era of silent film, the material for early comedy horror films came from stage performances instead of literature. One example, The Ghost Breaker, was based on a 1909 play, in the United States following the trauma of World War I, film audiences sought to see horror on screen but tempered with humor. The pioneering comedy horror film was One Exciting Night, written, directed, and produced by D. W. Griffith, while the film included blackface performances, Griffith also included footage of a hurricane for a climactic storm. As an early experiment, the genres were not well-balanced with horror and comedy. Charles Bramesco of Vulture. com identifies Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein as the first commercially successful horror film. Its success legitimized the genre and established it as commercially viable, List of comedy-horror films List of genres Zombie comedy – a subgenre involving zombies Hallenbeck, Bruce G. Comedy-Horror Films, A Chronological History, 1914–2008. Jefferson, NC, McFarland & Company, Inc, transnational Horror Across Visual Media, Fragmented Bodies. Routledge Research in Cultural and Media Studies
20.
Massachusetts
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It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston, over 80% of Massachusetts population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution, during the 20th century, Massachusetts economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance. Plymouth was the site of the first colony in New England, founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, in 1692, the town of Salem and surrounding areas experienced one of Americas most infamous cases of mass hysteria, the Salem witch trials. In 1777, General Henry Knox founded the Springfield Armory, which during the Industrial Revolution catalyzed numerous important technological advances, in 1786, Shays Rebellion, a populist revolt led by disaffected American Revolutionary War veterans, influenced the United States Constitutional Convention. In the 18th century, the Protestant First Great Awakening, which swept the Atlantic World, in the late 18th century, Boston became known as the Cradle of Liberty for the agitation there that led to the American Revolution. The entire Commonwealth of Massachusetts has played a commercial and cultural role in the history of the United States. Before the American Civil War, Massachusetts was a center for the abolitionist, temperance, in the late 19th century, the sports of basketball and volleyball were invented in the western Massachusetts cities of Springfield and Holyoke, respectively. Many prominent American political dynasties have hailed from the state, including the Adams, both Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, also in Cambridge, have been ranked among the most highly regarded academic institutions in the world. Massachusetts public school students place among the top nations in the world in academic performance, the official name of the state is the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. While this designation is part of the official name, it has no practical implications. Massachusetts has the position and powers within the United States as other states. Massachusetts was originally inhabited by tribes of the Algonquian language family such as the Wampanoag, Narragansett, Nipmuc, Pocomtuc, Mahican, and Massachusett. While cultivation of crops like squash and corn supplemented their diets, villages consisted of lodges called wigwams as well as longhouses, and tribes were led by male or female elders known as sachems. Between 1617 and 1619, smallpox killed approximately 90% of the Massachusetts Bay Native Americans, the first English settlers in Massachusetts, the Pilgrims, arrived via the Mayflower at Plymouth in 1620, and developed friendly relations with the native Wampanoag people. This was the second successful permanent English colony in the part of North America that later became the United States, the event known as the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World which lasted for three days
21.
Mediumship
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Mediumship is the practice of certain people —known as mediums— to purportedly mediate communication between spirits of the dead and living human beings. There are different types of mediumship including spirit channeling, and ouija, humans have been fascinated with contacting the dead since the beginning of human existence. Cave paintings by indigenous Australians date back 28,000 years, some depicting skulls, bones, spirits, Other cave paintings in Indonesia date back a further 10,000 years. Mediumship gained popularity during the century, when ouija boards were used by the upper classes as a source of entertainment. Investigations during this period revealed widespread fraud—with some practitioners employing techniques used by stage magicians—and the practice began to lose credibility, fraud is still rife in the medium/psychic industry, with cases of deception and trickery being discovered to this day. Scientific researchers have attempted to ascertain the validity of claims of mediumship, an experiment undertaken by the British Psychological Society led to the conclusion that the test subjects demonstrated no mediumistic ability. Other forms involve materializations of the spirit or the presence of a voice, the practice is associated with several religious-belief systems such as Vodun, Spiritualism, Spiritism, Candomblé, Voodoo, Umbanda and some New Age groups. In Spiritism and Spiritualism the medium has the role of an intermediary between the world of the living and the world of spirit. Mediums claim that they can listen to and relay messages from spirits, or that they can allow a spirit to control their body and speak through it directly or by using automatic writing or drawing. Spiritualists classify types of mediumship into two categories, mental and physical, Mental mediums allegedly tune in to the spirit world by listening, sensing. During seances, mediums are said to go into trances, varying from light to deep, attempts to communicate with the dead and other living human beings, aka spirits, have been documented back to early human history. Mediumship became quite popular in the 19th-century United States and the United Kingdom after the rise of Spiritualism as a religious movement, Modern Spiritualism is said to date from practices and lectures of the Fox sisters in New York State in 1848. The trance mediums Paschal Beverly Randolph and Emma Hardinge Britten were among the most celebrated lecturers and authors on the subject in the mid-19th century, allan Kardec coined the term Spiritism around 1860. Kardec claimed that conversations with spirits by selected mediums were the basis of his The Spirits Book and later, his five-book collection, some scientists of the period who investigated spiritualism also became converts. They included chemist Robert Hare, physicist William Crookes and evolutionary biologist Alfred Russel Wallace, nobel laureate Pierre Curie took a very serious scientific interest in the work of medium Eusapia Palladino. Other prominent adherents included journalist and pacifist William T, Stead and physician and author Arthur Conan Doyle. After the exposure of the fraudulent use of magic tricks by physical mediums such as the Davenport Brothers. However, the religion and its beliefs continue in spite of this, with physical mediumship and seances falling out of practice, Spiritualism continues to be practiced, primarily through various denominational spiritualist churches in the United States, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom
22.
Ghost
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In folklore, a ghost is the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear to the living. Descriptions of ghosts vary widely from a presence to translucent or barely visible wispy shapes, to realistic. The deliberate attempt to contact the spirit of a person is known as necromancy. The belief in the existence of an afterlife, as well as manifestations of the spirits of the dead is widespread, certain religious practices—funeral rites, exorcisms, and some practices of spiritualism and ritual magic—are specifically designed to rest the spirits of the dead. Ghosts are generally described as solitary, human-like essences, though stories of ghostly armies and they are believed to haunt particular locations, objects, or people they were associated with in life. Ghosts exist as a concept only, despite centuries of investigation, the English word ghost continues Old English gást, from a hypothetical Common Germanic *gaistaz. It is common to West Germanic, but lacking in North Germanic, the pre-Germanic form was *ghoisdo-s, apparently from a root denoting fury, anger reflected in Old Norse geisa to rage. The Germanic word is recorded as only, but likely continues a neuter s-stem. The original meaning of the Germanic word would thus have been a principle of the mind, in particular capable of excitation. In Germanic paganism, Germanic Mercury, and the later Odin, was at the time the conductor of the dead. It could also denote any good or evil spirit, such as angels and demons, also from the Old English period, the word could denote the spirit of God, viz. the Holy Ghost. The now-prevailing sense of the soul of a person, spoken of as appearing in a visible form only emerges in Middle English. The synonym spook is a Dutch loanword, akin to Low German spôk, alternative words in modern usage include spectre, the Scottish wraith, phantom and apparition. The term shade in classical mythology translates Greek σκιά, or Latin umbra, haint is a synonym for ghost used in regional English of the southern United States, and the haint tale is a common feature of southern oral and literary tradition. The term poltergeist is a German word, literally a noisy ghost, wraith is a Scots word for ghost, spectre, or apparition. It appeared in Scottish Romanticist literature, and acquired the general or figurative sense of portent or omen. In 18th- to 19th-century Scottish literature, it applied to aquatic spirits. The word has no commonly accepted etymology, the OED notes of obscure origin only, an association with the verb writhe was the etymology favored by J. R. R. Tolkien
23.
Ritual
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A ritual is a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, and objects, performed in a sequestered place, and performed according to set sequence. Rituals may be prescribed by the traditions of a community, including a religious community, Rituals are characterized but not defined by formalism, traditionalism, invariance, rule-governance, sacral symbolism, and performance. Rituals are a feature of all human societies. Even common actions like hand-shaking and saying hello may be termed rituals, the field of ritual studies has seen a number of conflicting definitions of the term. One given by Kyriakidis is that a ritual is an outsiders or etic category for a set activity that, to the outsider, seems irrational, non-contiguous, or illogical. The term can be used also by the insider or emic performer as an acknowledgement that this activity can be seen as such by the uninitiated onlooker, the English word ritual derives from the Latin ritualis, that which pertains to rite. In Roman juridical and religious usage, ritus was the way of doing something, or correct performance. The word ritual is first recorded in English in 1570, there are hardly any limits to the kind of actions that may be incorporated into a ritual. Catherine Bell argues that rituals can be characterized by formalism, traditionalism, invariance, rule-governance, sacral symbolism, Ritual utilizes a limited and rigidly organized set of expressions which anthropologists call a restricted code. Maurice Bloch argues that ritual obliges participants to use this formal oratorical style, which is limited in intonation, syntax, vocabulary, loudness, in adopting this style, ritual leaders speech becomes more style than content. Because this formal speech limits what can be said, it induces acceptance, compliance, Bloch argues that this form of ritual communication makes rebellion impossible and revolution the only feasible alternative. Ritual tends to support forms of social hierarchy and authority. Rituals appeal to tradition and are concerned to repeat historical precedents accurately. Traditionalism varies from formalism in that the ritual may not be yet still makes an appeal to historical. An example is the American Thanksgiving dinner, which may not be formal, thus, the appeal to history is important rather than accurate historical transmission. Catherine Bell states that ritual is also invariant, implying careful choreography and this is less an appeal to traditionalism than a striving for timeless repetition. The key to invariance is bodily discipline, as in prayer and meditation meant to mold dispositions. This bodily discipline is frequently performed in unison, by groups, Rituals tend to be governed by rules, a feature somewhat like formalism
24.
Witch-hunt
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A witch-hunt is a search for people labelled witches or evidence of witchcraft, often involving moral panic or mass hysteria. Including illegal and summary executions estimate 200,000 or more witches were tortured, the last executions of people convicted as witches in Europe took place in the 18th century. The wide distribution of the practice of witch-hunts in geographically and culturally separated societies since the 1960s has triggered interest in the background of this behaviour. The belief in magic and divination, and attempts to use magic to influence personal well-being are human cultural universals, Belief in witchcraft has been shown to have similarities in societies throughout the world. It presents a framework to explain the occurrence of otherwise random misfortunes such as sickness or death, One study finds that witchcraft beliefs are associated with antisocial attitudes, lower levels of trust, charitable giving and group participation. Another study finds that income shocks lead to a increase in the murder of witches in Tanzania. Punishment for malevolent sorcery is addressed in the earliest law codes preserved, if the holy river overcome him and he is drowned, the man who put the spell upon him shall take possession of his house. If the holy river declares him innocent and he remains unharmed the man who laid the spell shall be put to death and he that plunged into the river shall take possession of the house of him who laid the spell upon him. In 451 BC, the Twelve Tables of Roman law had provisions against evil incantations, in 331 BC,170 women were executed as witches in the context of an epidemic illness. Livy emphasizes that this was a scale of persecution without precedent in Rome, in 186 BC, the Roman senate issued a decree severely restricting the Bacchanals, ecstatic rites celebrated in honor of Dionysus. Persecution of witches continued in the Roman Empire until the late 4th century AD, the Lex Cornelia de sicariis et veneficiis promulgated by Lucius Cornelius Sulla in 81 B. C. became an important source of late medieval and early modern European law on witchcraft. This law banned the trading and possession of drugs and poisons, possession of magical books. In A. D.354, whilst Tiberius Claudius was emperor,45 men and 85 women, later the womens relatives took revenge by bringing false witnesses against Simeons son and causing him to be executed in turn. The 6th century AD Getica of Jordanes records a persecution and expulsion of witches among the Goths in an account of the origin of the Huns. The ancient fabled King Filimer is said to have found among his people certain witches, suspecting these women, he expelled them from the midst of his race and compelled them to wander in solitary exile afar from his army. The Councils of Elvira, Ancyra, and Trullo imposed certain ecclesiastical penances for devil-worship and this mild approach represented the view of the Church for many centuries. The Lombard code of 643 states, Let nobody presume to kill a foreign serving maid or female servant as a witch, for it is not possible, Other examples include an Irish synod in 800, and a sermon by Agobard of Lyons. King Kálmán of Hungary, in Decree 57 of his First Legislative Book, banned witch hunting because he said, the Decretum of Burchard, Bishop of Worms, and especially its 19th book, often known separately as the Corrector, is another work of great importance
25.
Vengeful ghost
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In mythology and folklore, a vengeful ghost or vengeful spirit is said to be the spirit of a deceased person who returns from the afterlife to seek revenge for a cruel, unnatural or unjust death. The concept of a vengeful ghost seeking retribution as a spirit for harm that it endured as a person goes back to ancient times and is part of many cultures. They may not be satisfied until they have succeeded in punishing either their tormentors who made their life bitter, or and they usually return to the world of the dead after justice is done, but in some cases may remain unappeased. In certain cultures vengeful ghosts are mostly female, said to be women that were treated during their lifetime. Such women or girls may have died in despair or the suffering they endured may have ended up in early death caused by the ill-treatment or torture they were subject to. Exorcisms and appeasement are among the religious and social customs practiced by various cultures in relation to the vengeful ghost, the northern Aché people group in Paraguay cremated old people thought to harbor dangerous vengeful spirits instead of giving them a customary burial. In cases where the person has been killed and the body disposed of unceremoniously, others have been known to salt and burn their body, the place where they were killed or the instrument that they were killed with. Vengeful ghosts have been featured in contemporary movies of different countries such as Candyman, The Grudge, The Pit. Lemures in Roman mythology are the wandering and vengeful spirits of those not afforded proper burial, funeral rites or affectionate cult by the living, keres, spirits of violent or cruel death in Greek mythology. A restless female spirit said to haunt certain locations in Scotland such as Crathes Castle, Knock Castle, in some tales she was murdered in a green dress, and then stuffed unceremoniously up the chimney by a servant. It is said that her footsteps can still be heard as she walks the castle in sadness, mogwai, a vengeful ghost or demon in Chinese mythology Nü gui is a vengeful female ghost of the Chinese folklore. Yuan gui, the spirits of persons who have died wrongful deaths, chudail, a female ghost of Indian folklore, well known in North India and Pakistan. This spirit is said to originate in a woman who died either in childbirth, in pregnancy or during her menstruation, a generic name of the Japanese folklore for ghosts who come back from purgatory for a wrong done to them during their lifetime. Onryō are mostly women and often manifest themselves in rather than spectral form. Funayūrei are ghosts that have become vengeful spirits at sea and they are mentioned in the folklore of various areas of Japan. Kuchisake-onna, the vengeful ghost of a woman mutilated by her husband Mu-onna, also known as Woman in White. Can be a spirit from Mexico who drowned her own children because her husband left her. A female spirit who believed her husband had an affair with her mother in Venezuela, a female spirit from South America that appears as a beautiful woman
26.
Cadaver
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A cadaver, also called corpse in medical, literary, and legal usage, or when intended for dissection, is a deceased body. Observation of the stages of decomposition can help determine how long a body has been dead. The first stage is autolysis, more known as self-digestion. However, these enzymes are released into the cells because of active processes ceasing in the cells, as a result of autolysis, liquid is created that gets between the layers of skin and makes the skin peel off. During this stage, flies start to lay eggs in the openings of the body, eyes, nostrils, mouth, ears, open wounds, hatched larvae, of blowflies, subsequently get under the skin and start to eat the body. This bloating occurs largely in the abdomen, and sometimes in the mouth and this usually happens in about the second week of decomposition. Gas accumulation and bloating will continue until the body is decomposed sufficiently for the gas to escape and it is the last and longest stage. Putrefaction is where the structures of the body break down. The digestive organs, the brain, and lungs are the first to disintegrate, under normal conditions, the organs are unidentifiable after three weeks. The muscles can be eaten by bacteria or devoured by animals, eventually, sometimes after several years, all that remains is the skeleton. In acid-rich soils, the skeleton will eventually dissolve into its base chemicals, the rate of decomposition depends on many factors including temperature and the environment. The warmer and more humid the environment, the faster the body is broken down, greek physicians Herophilus and Erasistratus were among the first on record to have dissected bodies. Andreas Vesalius, author of De humani corporis fabrica, who was able to dispel many misconceptions by dissecting human cadavers, is regarded as the father of human anatomy. The tradition of dissecting criminals was carried up into the eighteenth and nineteenth century when anatomy schools became popular in England and Scotland, at that time, a greater percentage of Christians believed in the literal raising from the dead. Because the souls of dissected bodies could not go to heaven, criminals who were executed for their crimes were used as the first cadavers. From the 16th century until 1832, and the passage of the Anatomy Act, the demand for cadavers increased when the number of criminals being executed decreased. Since corpses were in high demand, it became commonplace to steal bodies from graves in order to keep the market supplied. The methods of preserving cadavers have changed over the last 200 years, at that time, cadavers had to be used immediately because there were no adequate methods to keep the body from quickly decaying
27.
Fairy tale
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Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends and explicitly moral tales, including beast fables. The term is used for stories with origins in European tradition and, at least in recent centuries. In less technical contexts, the term is used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness. Colloquially, a tale or fairy story can also mean any far-fetched story or tall tale, it is used especially of any story that not only is not true. Legends are perceived as real, fairy tales may merge into legends, Fairy tales are found in oral and in literary form, the name fairy tale was first ascribed to them by Madame dAulnoy in the late 17th century. Many of todays fairy tales have evolved from stories that have appeared, with variations. The history of the tale is particularly difficult to trace because only the literary forms can survive. Still, according to researchers at universities in Durham and Lisbon, such stories may date back thousands of years, Fairy tales, and works derived from fairy tales, are still written today. Folklorists have classified fairy tales in various ways, the Aarne-Thompson classification system and the morphological analysis of Vladimir Propp are among the most notable. Other folklorists have interpreted the significance, but no school has been definitively established for the meaning of the tales. It moves in a world without definite locality or definite creatures and is filled with the marvelous. In this never-never land, humble heroes kill adversaries, succeed to kingdoms, a fairy tale with a tragic rather than a happy end is called an anti-fairy tale. Although the fairy tale is a genre within the larger category of folktale. The term itself comes from the translation of Madame DAulnoys conte de fées, Vladimir Propp, in his Morphology of the Folktale, criticized the common distinction between fairy tales and animal tales on the grounds that many tales contained both fantastic elements and animals. Were I asked, what is a fairytale, I should reply, Read Undine, that is a fairytale. of all fairytales I know, I think Undine the most beautiful. As Stith Thompson points out, talking animals and the presence of magic seem to be common to the fairy tale than fairies themselves. However, the presence of animals that talk does not make a tale a fairy tale, especially when the animal is clearly a mask on a human face. Steven Swann Jones identified the presence of magic as the feature by which fairy tales can be distinguished from other sorts of folktales, davidson and Chaudri identify transformation as the key feature of the genre
28.
Zombie
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A zombie is a fictional undead being created through the reanimation of a human corpse. Zombies are most commonly found in horror and fantasy genre works, the term comes from Haitian folklore, where a zombie is a dead body reanimated through various methods, most commonly magic. Modern depictions of zombies do not necessarily involve magic but often invoke science fictional methods such as carriers, radiation, mental diseases, vectors, viruses, scientific accidents, etc. The English word zombie is first recorded in 1819, in a history of Brazil by the poet Robert Southey, the Oxford English Dictionary gives the origin of the word as West African, and compares it to the Kongo words nzambi and zumbi. One of the first books to expose Western culture to the concept of the zombie was The Magic Island by W. B. This is the account of a narrator who encounters voodoo cults in Haiti. Time claimed that the book introduced zombi into U. S. speech, Zombies have a complex literary heritage, with antecedents ranging from Richard Matheson and H. P. Lovecraft to Mary Shelleys Frankenstein drawing on European folklore of the undead. In 1932, Victor Halperin directed White Zombie, a film starring Bela Lugosi. Here zombies are depicted as mindless, unthinking henchmen under the spell of an evil magician, a new version of the zombie, distinct from that described in Haitian folklore, has also emerged in popular culture during the latter half of the twentieth century. This zombie is taken largely from George A. Romeros seminal film Night of the Living Dead, the word zombie is not used in Night of the Living Dead but was applied later by fans. The zombie apocalypse concept, in which the world is brought low by a global zombie infestation. The Oxford English Dictionary gives the origin of the word as West African, in Haitian folklore, a zombie is an animated corpse raised by magical means, such as witchcraft. The concept has been associated with the religion of voodoo. How the creatures in contemporary zombie films came to be called zombies is not fully clear, the film Night of the Living Dead made no spoken reference to its undead antagonists as zombies, describing them instead as ghouls. Although George Romero used the term ghoul in his original scripts, the word zombie is used exclusively by Romero in his 1978 script for his sequel Dawn of the Dead, including once in dialog. According to George Romero, film critics were influential in associating the term zombie to his creatures and he eventually accepted this linkage even though he remained convinced at the time that zombies corresponded to the undead slaves of Haitian voodoo as depicted in Bela Lugosis White Zombie. Zombies are featured widely in Haitian rural folklore as dead persons physically revived by the act of necromancy of a bokor, the bokor is opposed by the houngan or priest and the mambo or priestess of the formal voodoo religion. A zombie remains under the control of the bokor as a personal slave, the Haitian tradition also includes an incorporeal type of zombie, the zombie astral, which is a part of the human soul
29.
Lightning
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Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge that occurs during a thunder storm. This discharge occurs between electrically charged regions of a cloud, between two clouds, or between a cloud and the ground. The charged regions in the atmosphere temporarily equalize themselves through this discharge referred to as an if it hits an object on the ground. Lightning causes light in the form of plasma, and sound in the form of thunder, Lightning may be seen and not heard when it occurs at a distance too great for the sound to carry as far as the light from the strike or flash. This article incorporates public domain material from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration document Understanding Lightning, the details of the charging process are still being studied by scientists, but there is general agreement on some of the basic concepts of thunderstorm electrification. The main charging area in a thunderstorm occurs in the part of the storm where air is moving upward rapidly and temperatures range from -15 to -25 Celsius. At that place, the combination of temperature and rapid upward air movement produces a mixture of super-cooled cloud droplets, small ice crystals, the updraft carries the super-cooled cloud droplets and very small ice crystals upward. At the same time, the graupel, which is larger and denser. The differences in the movement of the precipitation cause collisions to occur, when the rising ice crystals collide with graupel, the ice crystals become positively charged and the graupel becomes negatively charged. The updraft carries the positively charged ice crystals upward toward the top of the storm cloud, the larger and denser graupel is either suspended in the middle of the thunderstorm cloud or falls toward the lower part of the storm. The result is that the part of the thunderstorm cloud becomes positively charged while the middle to lower part of the thunderstorm cloud becomes negatively charged. This part of the cloud is called the anvil. While this is the charging process for the thunderstorm cloud. In addition, there is a small but important positive charge buildup near the bottom of the cloud due to the precipitation. Many factors affect the frequency, distribution, strength and physical properties of a lightning flash in a particular region of the world. These factors include ground elevation, latitude, prevailing wind currents, relative humidity, proximity to warm and cold bodies of water, to a certain degree, the ratio between IC, CC and CG lightning may also vary by season in middle latitudes. Lightnings relative unpredictability limits a complete explanation of how or why it occurs, the actual discharge is the final stage of a very complex process. At its peak, a thunderstorm produces three or more strikes to the Earth per minute
30.
Dream
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A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. Dream interpretation is the attempt at drawing meaning from dreams and searching for an underlying message, the scientific study of dreams is called oneirology. Dreams mainly occur in the rapid-eye movement stage of brain activity is high. REM sleep is revealed by continuous movements of the eyes during sleep, at times, dreams may occur during other stages of sleep. However, these tend to be much less vivid or memorable. The length of a dream can vary, they may last for a few seconds, people are more likely to remember the dream if they are awakened during the REM phase. The average person has three to five dreams per night, and some may have up to seven, however, Dreams tend to last longer as the night progresses. During a full eight-hour night sleep, most dreams occur in the two hours of REM. Opinions about the meaning of dreams have varied and shifted through time, most people today appear to endorse the Freudian theory of dreams – that dreams reveal insight into hidden desires and emotions. Other prominent theories include those suggesting that dreams assist in memory formation, problem solving, the earliest recorded dreams were acquired from materials dating back approximately 5000 years, in Mesopotamia, where they were documented on clay tablets. In the Greek and Roman periods, the believed that dreams were direct messages from one and/or multiple deities, from deceased persons. Some cultures practiced dream incubation with the intention of cultivating dreams that are of prophecy, Sigmund Freud, who developed the psychological discipline of psychoanalysis, wrote extensively about dream theories and their interpretations in the early 1900s. He explained dreams as manifestations of ones deepest desires and anxieties, furthermore, he believed that virtually every dream topic, regardless of its content, represented the release of sexual tension. In The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud developed a technique to interpret dreams and devised a series of guidelines to understand the symbols. In modern times, dreams have been seen as a connection to the unconscious mind and they range from normal and ordinary to overly surreal and bizarre. Dreams can have varying natures, such as being frightening, exciting, magical, melancholic, adventurous, the events in dreams are generally outside the control of the dreamer, with the exception of lucid dreaming, where the dreamer is self-aware. Dreams can at times make a creative thought occur to the person or give a sense of inspiration, the Sumerians in Mesopotamia left evidence of dreams dating back to 3100 BC. According to these early recorded stories, gods and kings, like the 7th century BC scholar-king Assurbanipal, in his archive of clay tablets, some accounts of the story of the legendary king Gilgamesh were found
31.
Witchcraft
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Witchcraft broadly means the practice of, and belief in, magical skills and abilities that are able to be exercised by individuals and certain social groups. Witchcraft often occupies a religious, divinatory or medicinal role, and is present within societies. The concept of witchcraft and the belief in its existence have existed throughout recorded history and it posits a theosophical conflict between good and evil, where witchcraft was generally evil and often associated with the Devil and Devil worship. Christian views in the day are diverse and cover the gamut of views from intense belief and opposition to non-belief. From the mid-20th century, witchcraft – sometimes called contemporary witchcraft to clearly distinguish it from older beliefs – became the name of a branch of modern paganism and it is most notably practiced in the Wiccan and modern witchcraft traditions, and no longer practices in secrecy. The Western mainstream Christian view is far from the only societal perspective about witchcraft, Beliefs related to witchcraft and magic in these cultures were at times influenced by the prevailing Western concepts. Suspicion of modern medicine due to beliefs about illness being due to witchcraft also continues in countries to this day. HIV/AIDS and Ebola virus disease are two examples of infectious disease epidemics whose medical care and containment has been severely hampered by regional beliefs in witchcraft. Other severe medical conditions whose treatment is hampered in this way include tuberculosis, leprosy, epilepsy, the word witchcraft derives from the Old English wiccecræft, a compound of wicce and cræft. This definition was pioneered in a study of central African magical beliefs by E. E. Evans-Pritchard, European witchcraft is seen by historians and anthropologists as an ideology for explaining misfortune, however, this ideology has manifested in diverse ways, as described below. Some modern commentators believe the malefic nature of witchcraft is a Christian projection, many examples appear in early texts, such as those from ancient Egypt and Babylonia. Malicious magic users can become a cause for disease, sickness in animals, bad luck, sudden death, impotence. Witchcraft of a benign and socially acceptable sort may then be employed to turn the malevolence aside. The folk magic used to identify or protect against malicious magic users is often indistinguishable from that used by the witches themselves, there has also existed in popular belief the concept of white witches and white witchcraft, which is strictly benevolent. Many neopagan witches strongly identify with this concept, and profess ethical codes that prevent them from performing magic on a person without their request. Probably the most obvious characteristic of a witch was the ability to cast a spell, spell being the word used to signify the means employed to carry out a magical action. A spell could consist of a set of words, a formula or verse, or a ritual action, or any combination of these. Strictly speaking, necromancy is the practice of conjuring the spirits of the dead for divination or prophecy – although the term has also applied to raising the dead for other purposes
32.
Grave
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A grave is a location where a dead body is buried. Graves are usually located in special areas set aside for the purpose of burial, such as graveyards or cemeteries. In some religions, it is believed that the body must be burned for the soul to survive, in others, the formal use of a grave involves several steps with associated terminology. Grave cut The excavation that formed the grave, excavations vary from a shallow scraping, to removal of topsoil to a depth of 6 feet, or more where a vault or burial chamber is to be constructed. Excavated soil The material dug up when the grave is excavated and it is often piled up close to the grave for backfilling and then returned to the grave to cover it. As soil decompresses when excavated and space is occupied by the burial not all the volume of soil fits back in the hole, in cemeteries this may end up as a thick layer of soil overlying the original ground surface. Burial or interment The body may be placed in a coffin or other container, in a range of positions, by itself or in a multiple burial. Burial vault A vault is a structure built within the grave to receive the body. It may be used to prevent crushing of the remains, allow for multiple burials such as a vault, retrieval of remains for transfer to an ossuary. Grave backfill The soil returned to the grave cut following burial and this material may contain artifacts derived from the original excavation and prior site use, deliberately placed goods or artifacts or later material. The fill may be level with the ground or mounded. Monument or marker Headstones are best known, but they can be supplemented by decorative edging, foot stones, posts to support items, in Europe this was often accompanied with a depiction of their family coat of arms. Later graveyards have been replaced by cemeteries
33.
Magic (paranormal)
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Magic or sorcery is the use of rituals, symbols, actions, gestures, and language with the aim of exploiting supernatural forces. The term magic has a variety of meanings, and there is no agreed upon definition of what it is or how it can be used. Religious scholars have defined magic in many different ways, one approach, associated with the anthropologists Edward Tylor and James G. Frazer, has magic and science be opposites. Many scholars of religion have rejected the utility of the term magic, the term magic comes from the Old Persian magu, a word that applied to a form of religious functionary about which little is known. This meaning of the term was adopted by Latin in the first century BCE. The concept was incorporated into Christian theology during the first century CE. This concept was pervasive throughout the Middle Ages, although in the modern period Italian humanists reinterpreted the term in a positive sense to establish the idea of natural magic. Both negative and positive understandings of the term were retained in Western culture over the following centuries, throughout Western history, there have been examples of individuals claiming to be practitioners of magic and referring to themselves as magicians. This trend has proliferated in the period, with a growing number of magicians appearing within the esoteric milieu. Scholars of religion have failed to agree on a definition of magic is. The subject has one of intense dispute, with some scholars criticizing the validity of the term in the first place. Even among those throughout history who have described themselves as magicians, there has been some debate among scholars as to whether to use the term magic at all. The scholar of religion Jonathan Z. Smith for example argued that it had no utility as a term that scholars should use. Religious historian Wouter Hanegraaff agreed, stating that the magic is an important object of historical research. Since the 1990s its usage among scholars has declined, within Western culture, magic has been linked to the idea of the Other. Using the term magic when discussing non-Western cultures or pre-modern forms of Western society raises problems, alternately, this term implies that all categories of magic are ethnocentric and that such Western preconceptions are an unavoidable component of scholarly research. Magic is one of the most heavily theorized concepts in the study of religion, the intellectualist approach to defining magic is associated with two prominent British anthropologists, Edward Tylor and James G. Frazer. This was an approach that viewed magic as being the theoretical opposite of science, in his 1871 book Primitive Culture, Tylor characterized magic as beliefs based on the error of mistaking ideal analogy for real analogy
34.
Ariel Winter
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Ariel Winter Workman, known professionally as Ariel Winter, is an American actress, voice actress, and singer. She is known for her role as Alex Dunphy in the comedy series Modern Family, Winter and her Modern Family castmates have won four Screen Actors Guild Awards for Best Ensemble in a Comedy Series. Winter was born in Los Angeles, California, on January 28,1998 and she is the sister of actors Shanelle Workman and Jimmy Workman. Her mothers family is Greek, while her father is of English, Winter obtained her first entertainment industry job in a Cool Whip commercial advertisement in 2002 when she was 4 years old. She had her first television role in an episode of Listen Up. and followed it with appearances in a variety of such as Freddie, Monk, Bones. In the animated childrens show Phineas and Ferb, she voiced the character of Gretchen before winning the role of Alex Dunphy in the series Modern Family. She has continued to work in TV animation, including providing the voice of Marina the Mermaid on Disney Juniors Jake, in 2012, Winter was cast as Sofia, the lead character in a then-new Disney animated franchise Sofia the First. The series premiered in January 2013 on Disney Junior and she also lent her voice to characters in the animated films, Disneys Bambi II and Blue Skys Ice Age, The Meltdown. Winter has appeared in films, most notably in Kiss Kiss Bang Bang, Speed Racer, Duress, Opposite Day. For her leading role in the film The Chaperone, she was nominated at the Young Artist Awards 2012 as Best Actress in a Motion Picture, in October 2012, Winters sister Shanelle Workman filed to become her guardian, alleging that their mother had been physically and emotionally abusive. On May 5,2014, the court ordered guardianship to Workman and their mother later released a statement stating that the family has moved beyond the conflict. On May 15,2015, Winter declared on Twitter that she was officially emancipated, in June 2015, Winter underwent breast reduction surgery. In April 2016, Winter was accepted to UCLA and was slated to begin attendance in the semester of 2016. However, on September 12 she confirmed that she will attend UCLA in fall 2017, on her decision to go to college, she explained, You gotta have something else you can do. Ive always been interested in law so I think itll definitely be something that Ill love to do, by June 30,2016, she had split from her boyfriend Laurent Gaudette. Ariel Winter at the Internet Movie Database Ariel Winter on Instagram Ariel Winter on Twitter
35.
Bridget Hoffman
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Bridget Hoffman is an American voice actress, ADR director and script writer in the Los Angeles area. She has provided voices for a number of English-language versions of Japanese anime films and television series, usually under an alias such as Ruby Marlowe, some of her major roles are title characters such as Belldandy in the Ah. My Goddess, The Movie feature film, Mizuho Kazami in Please Teacher, Mima Kirigoe in Perfect Blue and she served as the ADR director for the Fushigi Yûgi series and films, Ah. My Goddess, The Movie, and a series of shorts called The Adventures of Mini-Goddess and she also provides background voices in a number of animated films dubbed in the Los Angeles area, including Frozen, Epic and Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2. In video games, she provides the voice of KOS-MOS in the Xenosaga series as well as Atoli in the. hack//G. U, Hoffman grew up in the Detroit area and graduated from Michigan State. While in Los Angeles, she worked as an actress on a number of plays and she starred alongside Ned Beatty as a historian who time travels with a group of scientists in the 1989 film Time Trackers. She had a starring guest role as Echidna, the Mother of all Monsters, in Raimis television show Hercules, The Legendary Journeys, Hoffman has been involved in voiceovers for anime titles. Many of her roles have been under an alias such as Ruby Marlowe, carlos Ross of THEM Anime Reviews considered the general dub acting as sophisticated, subtle, and well-done, while Chris Homer of Fandom Post enjoyed both the English and the Japanese versions. On the DVD extra for the film, Hoffman gave a Q&A about her character and she would also voice title character Lain Iwakura in Serial Experiments Lain, she plays a teenager who is deeply involved in the computer network world. Aaron Silver of Anime News Network thought the dubbing was decent, entertainment she voiced Fuu Hououji in Magic Knight Rayearth, which was about a trio of junior high students who are transported to a fantasy world. Both Rayearth seasons were dubbed into English, in 2001, she worked with Pioneer to ADR direct Ah. My Goddess, The Movie, a film in the Oh My Goddess franchise in which she also voiced the title character Belldandy. In a review of the movie, Karen Gellender of Mania, in contrast, Allen Divers of Anime News Network thought the English cast was suitable and comparable to the Japanese version. Hoffman would later reprise the role of Belldandy in a series of shorts called The Adventures of Mini-Goddess, where she also served as its ADR script writer. She also became married to Rif Hutton in 2001, in the fantasy adventure Scrapped Princess, Hoffman plays Raquel Casull, the older sister of the title character. Theron Martin of Anime News Network describes her character as initially ditzy but becomes sensible and coldly pragmatic, and that her voice was a good fit. She had recurring roles in the anime series Lucky Star where she plays Inori Hiiragi, the eldest sister of the Hiiragi family. Hoffman would continue acting in the 2010s
36.
Scott Menville
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Scott David Menville is an American actor, voice actor and musician. He is best known for his work in animated films. Menville was born in Malibu, California and he is the son of television animator/writer Chuck Menville. His first role came in 1979 in an episode of Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo and he also voiced Jonny Quest on The New Adventures of Jonny Quest and Quicksilver on The Super Hero Squad Show. He was the bassist for the Southern California rock band Boy Hits Car and he was with the band since their founding. Menville has also participated in acting roles. He appeared in Ernest Goes to Camp as Crutchfield, and had recurring roles on Full House as Kimmy Gibblers boyfriend Duane, and on The Wonder Years as Waynes best friend Wart. Recently, he did the voices of Metamorpho in Batman, The Brave and the Bold, JT and Jimmy Jones on Ben 10, and reprises his role as Robin in Teen Titans Go. In 2016, he played Arthur, the Goodwin twins computer in the TV series Second Chance, later that same year, he also reprised his role of Duane on an episode of Fuller House
37.
Jeremy Shada
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Jeremy Shada /ˈʃeɪdə/ is an American actor, musician and singer who is best known for his work as the voice of Finn the Human from the American animated television series Adventure Time. He is also known for starring as various characters in the sketch-comedy series Incredible Crew, Shada began acting at the age of seven soon after moving to Los Angeles with his family. He was inspired to act by his older brother Zack Shada, later on, he began auditioning for voice acting and theatrical performances, taking the advice from a voice over agent. His first live action role was as Young Kurt Diamond in No Rules. He has since appeared in live action and voice acting roles. In 2009, Jeremy Shadas agent approached him with the idea of auditioning for the role of Finn, both recognized that Zack Shada had been the original voice of Finn in the pilot episode of Adventure Time three years before. After viewing the pilot on YouTube, Shada matched his voice with the voice of Zack Shada in auditions with Adventure Times creator Pendleton Ward, in 2012, Shada joined the cast of Nick Cannons sketch-comedy series, Incredible Crew. In June 2012, to promote Incredible Crews 2013 premiere, Cartoon Network released a rap video titled Running Errands with My Mom which features Shada performing and rapping the lyric. The video has generated over one million views. Because of his schedule, Shada was homeschooled. Answering fan questions on his Facebook page, Shada indicated that he graduated high school early in May 2013. On July 21,2014, Jeremy Shada announced that he is a member of Los Angeles-based pop punk band Make Out Monday, the band also consists of Jeremys brother Zack Shada and friends Logan Charles, John Spicer and Seth Renken. Make Out Monday has performed at the 2014 San Diego Comic Con, Jeremy Shada at the Internet Movie Database Jeremy Shada at AllMovie Jeremy Shada on Twitter
38.
Cam Clarke
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Cameron Arthur Cam Clarke is an American voice actor and singer, known for his voice-work in animation and video games. He is best known for providing the voices of Leonardo and Rocksteady in the original Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles animated series and he often voices teenagers and other similarly young characters. One of his prominent roles in video games was voicing Liquid Snake in the Metal Gear series, Clarke began his acting career in the show The Hollywood Palace as the The King Family Show. He continued to perform with his family on various TV specials until the 1980s when he got his first voice acting roles in the animated shows Snorks, Clarke was taught by established voice actor Michael Bell. Clarke is also the voice of Prince Adam and He-Man in the 2002 version of He-Man and he is also known to RPG fans as Ryudo in Grandia II, Kratos Aurion in Tales of Symphonia and Will Raynard in Tales of Legendia. He voices the male Blood Elf in World of Warcraft, The Burning Crusade and he uses a voice similar to Liquid Snakes for this portrayal. To date, Clarke has voiced over one hundred titles, Cam is easily recognizable by his distinct voice which can fluctuate from adolescent sounding to deep and soothing and to a faux British
39.
Eddie Frierson
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Frierson was born in Akron, Ohio and grew up in Nashville, Tennessee. Eddie Frierson began researching the life and career of baseballs greatest pitcher and his in-depth study has involved thousands of travel miles, dozens of interviews and hundreds of uncounted hours in college, library and museum archives. For his painstaking dedication to minutiae, Eddie has been accepted not only by Organized Baseball, and by paying special attention to every minute detail, Frierson makes his portrayal of the legendary Big Six the most true-to-life one-man performance of the genre. A native of Nashville, Tennessee, Eddie pitched his Hillwood High School Baseball Team to a State Championship before graduating on to throw collegiately for the UCLA Bruins. While at UCLA, he obtained his degree in Theatre Arts, with MATTY, AN EVENING WITH CHRISTY MATHEWSON, Frierson has combines the best of both his worlds. Eddie has performed on both coasts in dozens of productions including several of the classics. He received a New England Drama Critics Award for his portrayal of the dim-witted Tank in Steve Klugers critically acclaimed Boston Red Sox comedy, Bullpen. Hes appeared on television series including episodes of Cheers, Doogie Howser, M. D. Jake and the Fat Man, Paradise, Grand Slam. Theres also little doubt youve heard one of Eddies numerous voice-overs on the airwaves, yet, even with his vast talents in the acting field Eddie has remained close to his athletic roots. He directed things at Santa Monica High School as the Varsity Baseball Coach and he coached at SAMOHI for eight seasons and in his four terms as Head Varsity Coach he won two international tournaments, three consecutive League Championships and Coach of the Year honors. He has also done voicework for different video game franchises, such as the Ace Combat Zero, according to IMDB. com, Frierson was also once a contestant on the old TV game show, Tic-Tac-Dough, during the 1985-86 season. He has performed and his voice is heard in, literally, hundreds of television programs, Frierson has also done significant theater work, including such classical roles as Horatio in Mark Ringers staging of Hamlet, and Flute in A Midsummer Nights Dream at Nevada Shakespeare in the Park. In 2006 he originated the role of Tommy in the new musical, Frierson has formed The Mathewson Foundation, dedicated to the preservation of American History through baseball. He plans to focus efforts and locate the Foundation in Factoryville. Also in the works for Frierson are the first true biographies of Christy, street Fighter II V - Various Tenchi in Tokyo - Mr. Fujisawa Tenchi Muyo. - Male GP Controller Tenchi Muyo, kyle, Romulan Star Trek, 25th Anniversary - Elasi Captain, Ens
