Parameswara, thought to be the same person named in the Malay Annals as Iskandar Shah, was the last king of Singapura and the founder of the Malacca Sultanate. According to the Malay Annals, he ruled
Retrato de Parameswara
A keramat erected on Fort Canning Hill believed to memorialise Iskandar Shah, the last Raja of Singapura commonly identified with Parameswara due to commonalities in their biographies. There is no evidence that it was a tomb or that he was buried there.
Depiction of Parameswara by Singaporean artist Foo Swee Chin in the educational graphic novel Parameswara and Temasek: The Sacking of Singapore distributed by the Singapore Bicentennial Office.
Statue of Sang Nila Utama at the Raffles Landing Site
Majapahit, also known as Wilwatikta, was a Javanese Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire in Southeast Asia based on the island of Java. At its greatest extent, following significant military expansion
Parameswara of Malacca
…and the founder of the Malacca Sultanate. According to the Malay Annals, he ruled Singapura from 1389 to 1398. The king fled the island kingdom after a Majapahit naval invasion in 1398 and founded his new stronghold on the mouth of Bertam river (Malacca River) in 1402. Within decades, the new city grew rapidly…
A maja fruit growing near Trowulan. The bitter-tasting fruit is the origin of the kingdom's name.
''Deśarvarṇana'' palm-leaf manuscript in the National Library of Indonesia collection.
Wayang klithik puppet of Raden Damar Wulan – the hero of Majapahit kingdom
Painting of a 14th-century Yuan junk. Similar ships were sent by the Yuan in their naval armada.