1.
19th arrondissement of Paris
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The 19th arrondissement of Paris is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. Situated on the Right Bank of the River Seine, it is crossed by two canals, the Canal Saint-Denis and the Canal de lOurcq, which meet near the Parc de la Villette, the land area of the arrondissement is 6.786 km2. The population of the 19th arrondissement is still increasing, at the last census, in 1999, the population was 172,730 inhabitants. As of the census,68,101 people worked in the arrondissement. This sector has become the home for immigrants to France. Parc des Buttes Chaumont Parc de la Villette Parc de la Butte-du-Chapeau-Rouge The Cent Quatre arts centre 19th arrondissement travel guide from Wikivoyage
19th arrondissement of Paris
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La Villette in the 19th arrondissement
2.
Conservatoire de Paris
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The Conservatoire de Paris is a college of music and dance founded in 1795, now situated in the avenue Jean Jaurès in the 19th arrondissement of Paris, France. The Conservatoire offers instruction in music, dance, and drama, today the conservatories operate under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and Communication. On 3 December 1783 Papillon de la Ferté, intendant of the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi, the school was instituted by a decree of 3 January 1784 and opened on 1 April with the composer François-Joseph Gossec as the provisional director. Piccinni refused the directorship, but did join the faculty as a professor of singing, the new school was located in buildings adjacent to the Hôtel des Menus-Plaisirs at the junction of the rue Bergère and the rue du Faubourg Poissonnière. In June, a class in dramatic declamation was added, in 1792, Bernard Sarrette created the École gratuite de la garde nationale, which in the following year became the Institut national de musique. On 3 August 1795, the government combined the École royale with the Institut national de musique, the combined organization remained in the facilities on the rue Bergère. The first 351 pupils commenced their studies in October 1796, a concert hall, designed by the architect François-Jacques Delannoy, was inaugurated on 7 July 1811. The hall, which exists today, was in the shape of a U. It held an audience of 1055, the acoustics were generally regarded as superb. The French composer and conductor Antoine Elwart described it as the Stradivarius of concert halls, in 1828 François Habeneck, a professor of violin and head of the Conservatorys orchestra, founded the Société des Concerts du Conservatoire. The Society held concerts in the hall almost continuously until 1945, the French composer Hector Berlioz premiered his Symphonie fantastique in the conservatorys hall on 5 December 1830 with an orchestra of more than a hundred players. The original library was created by Sarrette in 1801, after the construction of the concert hall, the library moved to a large room above the entrance vestibule. In the 1830s, Berlioz became a curator in the Conservatory library and was the librarian from 1852 until his death in 1869. He was succeeded as librarian by Félicien David, Sarrette was dismissed on 28 December 1814, after the Bourbon Restoration, but was reinstated on 26 May 1815, after Napoleons return to power during the Hundred Days. However, after Napoleons fall, Sarrette was finally compelled to retire on 17 November, in 1819, François Benoist was appointed professor of organ. Probably the best known director in the 19th century was Luigi Cherubini, Cherubini maintained high standards and his staff included teachers such as François-Joseph Fétis, Habeneck, Fromental Halévy, Le Sueur, Ferdinando Paer, and Anton Reicha. Cherubini was succeeded by Daniel-François-Esprit Auber in 1842, in 1852, Camille Urso, who studied with Lambert Massart, became the first female student to win a prize on violin. The Conservatory Instrument Museum, founded in 1861, was formed from the instrument collection of Louis Clapisson, the French music historian Gustave Chouquet became the curator of the museum in 1871 and did much to expand and upgrade the collection
Conservatoire de Paris
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Entrance to the
CNSAD (48°52′21″N 2°20′49″E / 48.872559°N 2.34690°E / 48.872559; 2.34690)
Conservatoire de Paris
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Former Conservatoire building (until 1911) in the
9th arrondissement of Paris, which now houses the
CNSAD (48°52′23″N 2°20′49″E / 48.873074°N 2.347001°E / 48.873074; 2.347001)
Conservatoire de Paris
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Site plan (1836) of the
Menus-Plaisirs, the Concert Hall, and the Conservatoire
Conservatoire de Paris
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A concert in March 1843
3.
Bernard Tschumi
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Bernard Tschumi is an architect, writer, and educator, commonly associated with deconstructivism. Son of the well-known architect Jean Tschumi, born of French and Swiss parentage, he works and lives in New York City and he studied in Paris and at ETH in Zurich, where he received his degree in architecture in 1969. Tschumi is a permanent US resident, Tschumis first notable project was the Parc de la Villette, a competition project he won in 1983. Other projects include the new Acropolis Museum, Rouen Concert Hall, over his almost twenty-year career, his built accomplishments number over sixty, including theoretical projects. Tschumi studied at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, after school and prior to winning the Parc de La Villette competition, he built his reputation as a theorist through his writings and drawings. From 1988 to 2003 he was the Dean of Columbia Universitys Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, additionally, academic teaching positions have been held at Princeton University, Cooper Union, and the Architectural Association in London. In 1996, he received the French Grand Prix National dArchitecture and he established his practice in 1983 in Paris with the Parc de La Villette competition commission. In 1988, he opened Bernard Tschumi Architects, headquartered in New York City, in 2002, Bernard Tschumi urbanistes Architectes was established in Paris. Throughout his career as an architect, theorist, and academic, since the 1970s, Tschumi has argued that there is no fixed relationship between architectural form and the events that take place within it. In Tschumis theory, architectures role is not to express an extant social structure, a big influence on this work were the theories and structural diagramming by the Russian cinematographer Sergei Eisenstein produced for his own films. Tschumi adapted Eisensteins diagrammatic methodology in his investigations to exploit the interstitial condition between the elements of which a system is made of, space, event, and movement, best exemplified in his own words as, the football player skates across the battlefield. In this simple statement he was highlighting the dislocation of orientation and any possibility of a singular reading, Tschumi positioned his work to suggest alternatives to this endgame. In 1978 he published an essay entitled The Pleasure of Architecture in which he used sexual intercourse as an analogy for architecture. He claimed that architecture by nature is fundamentally useless, setting it apart from building and he demands a glorification of architectural uselessness in which the chaos of sensuality and the order of purity combine to form structures that evoke the space in which they are built. He distinguishes between the forming of knowledge and the knowledge of form, contending that architecture is too often dismissed as the latter when it can often be used as the former. Tschumi used this essay as a precursor to an eponymous series of writings detailing the so-called limits of architecture. Tschumi has continued this design agenda in a variety of design competitions, with these projects Tschumi opposed the methods used by architects for centuries to geometrically evaluate facade and plan composition. The extreme limit-conditions of architectural program became criteria to evaluate a buildings capacity to function as a capable of social organization
Bernard Tschumi
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Bernard Tschumi
Bernard Tschumi
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Blue Condo in New York City (2007)
Bernard Tschumi
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Acropolis Museum
Bernard Tschumi
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Alfred Lerner Hall
4.
Jacques Derrida
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Jacques Derrida was a French philosopher, born in Algeria. Derrida is best known for developing a form of semiotic analysis known as deconstruction, which he discussed in numerous texts and he is one of the major figures associated with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy. During his career Derrida published more than 40 books, together with hundreds of essays and he also influenced architecture, music, art, and art criticism. Particularly in his writings, Derrida addressed ethical and political themes in his work. Some critics consider Speech and Phenomena to be his most important work, others cite Of Grammatology, Writing and Difference, and Margins of Philosophy. These writings influenced various activists and political movements and he became a well-known and influential public figure, while his approach to philosophy and the notorious difficulty of his work made him controversial. Derrida was the third of five children and his elder brother Paul Moïse died at less than three months old, the year before Derrida was born, leading him to suspect throughout his life his role as a replacement for his deceased brother. Derrida spent his youth in Algiers and in El-Biar, on the first day of the school year in 1942, French administrators in Algeria — implementing anti-Semitic quotas set by the Vichy government — expelled Derrida from his lycée. He secretly skipped school for a rather than attend the Jewish lycée formed by displaced teachers and students. In this adolescent period, Derrida found in the works of philosophers and writers an instrument of revolt against family and his reading also included Camus and Sartre. In the late 1940s, he attended the Lycée Bugeaud and the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, on his first day at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris in 1952, Derrida met Louis Althusser, with whom he became friends. After visiting the Husserl Archive in Leuven, Belgium, he completed his masters degree in philosophy on Edmund Husserl and he then passed the highly competitive agrégation exam in 1956. Derrida received a grant for studies at Harvard University, and he spent the 1956–57 academic year reading Joyces Ulysses at the Widener Library, in June 1957, he married the psychoanalyst Marguerite Aucouturier in Boston. During the Algerian War of Independence of 1954–1962, Derrida asked to teach children in lieu of military service, teaching French. Following the war, from 1960 to 1964, Derrida taught philosophy at the Sorbonne and his wife, Marguerite, gave birth to their first child, Pierre, in 1963. In 1964, on the recommendation of Louis Althusser and Jean Hyppolite, Derrida got a permanent teaching position at the ENS, in 1965 Derrida began an association with the Tel Quel group of literary and philosophical theorists, which lasted for seven years. Derridas subsequent distance from the Tel Quel group, after 1971, has attributed to his reservations about their embrace of Maoism. At the same colloquium Derrida would meet Jacques Lacan and Paul de Man, a second son, Jean, was born in 1967
Jacques Derrida
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Jacques Derrida
5.
Christian de Portzamparc
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Christian de Portzamparc is a French architect and urbanist. He won the Pritzker Prize in 1994, De Portzamparc was born in Casablanca, Morocco in 1944, when that country was a French protectorate, to a family of Breton noble descent. I also began to criticize my first influences like Le Corbusier, nevertheless, he returned to his studies in the 1967 academic year and would graduate from the Beaux-Arts in 1969. He created his agency in 1980, supported by Marie-Élisabeth Nicoleau, Étienne Pierrès and Bertrand Beau, and later welcomed Bruno Durbecq, Céline Barda, Léa Xu, André Terzibachian and Clovis Cunha. Based in Paris, the agency has ‘satellite’ offices near building sites, in addition to offices in New York and Rio de Janeiro, both an architect and urban planner, Christian de Portzamparc is implicated in the research of form and meaning, as well as being a constructer. His work focuses on research over speculation and concerns the quality of life, aesthetics are conditioned by ethics, the growth of Christian de Portzamparc’s urban projects through competitions and studies led to an evolution of methods, a practical result of theoretical research and analysis. Christian de Portzamparc’s iconic buildings, urban poles of attraction, create environments wherein the interior and exterior spaces interpenetrate, in 1994, Christian de Portzamparc became the first French architect to gain the prestigious “Pritzker Architectural Prize”, at the age of 50. In 1999, he created the twenty-three story LVMH Tower on East 57th Street in New York City and, later, in 2006, the Collège de France created a 53rd chair dedicated ‘artistic creation’, and called on Christian de Portzamparc to be its first occupant. La tour LVMH, entretien avec C. de Portzamparc «Portzamparc ou l’esprit des lieux». «Christian de Portzamparc The LVMH Tower», J. Giovannini, F. Rambert, De la danse - école du ballet de L’Opéra de Paris, C. de Portzamparc La cité de la musique, M. Bleuse, P. Boulez, S. Goldberg, J-C
Christian de Portzamparc
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2003-2008 Hotel Renaissance Wagram in
Paris
Christian de Portzamparc
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2001-2009 Hergé museum, Louvain-la-Neuve in
Belgium
Christian de Portzamparc
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1984-1995 The City of Music in
Paris Photo Nicolas Borel
Christian de Portzamparc
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Philharmonie Luxembourg (1997-2005)
6.
Folly
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18th century English gardens and French landscape gardening often featured mock Roman temples, symbolising classical virtues. Other 18th century garden follies represented Chinese temples, Egyptian pyramids, ruined abbeys, or Tatar tents, sometimes they represented rustic villages, mills, and cottages to symbolise rural virtues. Many follies, particularly during times of famine, such as the Irish potato famine, were built as a form of relief, to provide employment for peasants. The concept of the folly is subjective and it has suggested that the definition of a folly lies in the eyes of the beholder. Typical characteristics include, They have no other than as an ornament. Often they have some of the appearance of a building constructed for a purpose, such as a castle or tower. Equally, if they have a purpose, it may be disguised and they are buildings, or parts of buildings. Thus they are distinguished from other garden ornaments such as sculpture, follies are deliberately built as ornaments. They are often eccentric in design or construction and this is not strictly necessary, however, it is common for these structures to call attention to themselves through unusual details or form. There is often an element of fakery in their construction, the canonical example of this is the sham ruin, a folly which pretends to be the remains of an old building but which was in fact constructed in that state. They were built or commissioned for pleasure, follies began as decorative accents on the great estates of the late 16th century and early 17th century but they flourished especially in the two centuries which followed. Many estates had ruins of houses and Roman villas, others, lacking such buildings. However, very few follies are completely without a practical purpose, apart from their decorative aspect, many originally had a use which was lost later, such as hunting towers. Follies are misunderstood structures, according to The Folly Fellowship, a charity that exists to celebrate the history and they were usually in the form of Roman temples, ruined Gothic abbeys, or Egyptian pyramids. In France they sometimes took the form of romantic farmhouses, mills and cottages, sometimes they were copied from landscape paintings by painters such as Claude Lorrain and Hubert Robert. Often, they had symbolic importance, illustrating the virtues of ancient Rome, later in the 18th century, the follies became more exotic, representing other parts of the world, including Chinese pagodas, Japanese bridges, and Tatar tents. The Irish Potato Famine of 1845-49 led to the building of several follies, the society of the day held that reward without labour was misguided. However, to hire the needy for work on useful projects would deprive existing workers of their jobs, thus, construction projects termed famine follies came to be built
Folly
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Broadway Tower,
Worcestershire, England
Folly
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The
Dunmore Pineapple in Scotland
Folly
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Hagley Castle is in
the grounds of
Hagley Hall. It was built by
Sanderson Miller for
George, Lord Lyttleton in the middle of the 18th century to look like a small ruined medieval castle.
Folly
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Public art/folly in
Coal Harbour,
British Columbia, Canada
7.
Free fall
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In Newtonian physics, free fall is any motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting upon it. In the context of relativity, where gravitation is reduced to a space-time curvature. The present article only concerns itself with free fall in the Newtonian domain, an object in the technical sense of free fall may not necessarily be falling down in the usual sense of the term. An object moving upwards would not normally be considered to be falling, the moon is thus in free fall. The term free fall is used more loosely than in the strict sense defined above. Thus, falling through an atmosphere without a parachute, or lifting device, is also often referred to as free fall. The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle discussed falling objects in Physics which was perhaps the first book on mechanics, the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei subjected the Aristotelian theories to experimentation and careful observation. He then combined the results of experiments with mathematical analysis in an unprecedented way. According to a tale that may be apocryphal, in 1589–92 Galileo dropped two objects of mass from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Given the speed at such a fall would occur, it is doubtful that Galileo could have extracted much information from this experiment. Most of his observations of falling bodies were really of bodies rolling down ramps and this slowed things down enough to the point where he was able to measure the time intervals with water clocks and his own pulse. This he repeated a full hundred times until he had achieved an accuracy such that the deviation between two observations never exceeded one-tenth of a pulse beat, in 1589–92, Galileo wrote De Motu Antiquiora, an unpublished manuscript on the motion of falling bodies. Examples of objects in free fall include, A spacecraft with propulsion off, an object dropped at the top of a drop tube. An object thrown upward or a jumping off the ground at low speed. Technically, an object is in free fall even when moving upwards or instantaneously at rest at the top of its motion, if gravity is the only influence acting, then the acceleration is always downward and has the same magnitude for all bodies, commonly denoted g. Since all objects fall at the rate in the absence of other forces, objects. Examples of objects not in free fall, Flying in an aircraft, standing on the ground, the gravitational force is counteracted by the normal force from the ground. Descending to the Earth using a parachute, which balances the force of gravity with a drag force
Free fall
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Measured fall time of a small steel sphere falling from various heights. The data is in good agreement with the predicted fall time of, where h is the height and g is the free-fall acceleration due to gravity.
Free fall
Free fall
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Acceleration of a small meteoroid when entering the Earth's atmosphere at different initial velocities.
Free fall
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Joseph Kittinger starting his record-breaking skydive in 1960. His record was broken only in 2012.
8.
4DX
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4DX is a motion picture technology owned and developed by South Korean company CJ 4DPLEX, a part of the CJ Group. 4DX allows a motion picture presentation to be augmented with environmental effects such as motion, wind, rain, fog, lights. As such, theaters must be designed for and equipped with 4DX technology. The experience was introduced commercially in 2009 with the release of Journey to the Center of the Earth in Seoul, 4DX was launched by South Korean theater chain, CJ CGV with the release of New Line Cinemas Journey to the Center of the Earth in Seoul in 2009. In 2010, after the success with the 4DX screening of Avatar. On 2 June 2011, Mexican cineplex company, Cinépolis, have invested $25 million, the company opened its first room in Guatemala on 17 December 2013, with the release of The Hobbit, The Desolation of Smaug, as the first 4DX theater in Central America. The company opened its first 4DX theater in India in 2014, in Costa Rica, the company is set to open its first 4DX theater on 14 September 2014 with the release of The Maze Runner. In 2012, CNN Travel named the CGV Gangbyeon 4DX theater as one of the worlds best movie theatres. The Paramount Pictures film, Transformers, Dark of the Moon, has opened new 4DX rooms at Major Cineplex on 19 June 2011 in Thailand and Cinema Park on 22 December 2012 in Russia. Cinema City has opened its first 4DX room in Israel on 19 July 2012 at the Yes Planet Rishon Lezion theater, the company later opened new 4DX theaters throughout Europe. On 26 April 2013, Japanese cineplex chain, Korona World, opened its first room in Nagoya, on 6 May 2013, CGV released a new 4DX trailer, starring Lee Byung-hun. On 12 June 2013, Taiwanese cineplex chain, Vieshow Cinemas, has opened its first room with the release of Man of Steel, on 19 July 2013, Cine Hoyts opened its first 4DX room in La Reina, Chile, with the release of Turbo. As of August 2013, the 4DX technology has achieved over 10,000 seats in 16 countries and 58 cities, on 23 August 2013, Indonesias Blitzmegaplex opened its first 4DX theater with the release of Percy Jackson, Sea of Monsters. Venezuelas Cinex opened its first room on 21 December 2013 with the release of Frozen, on 28 September 2013, UME International Cineplex opened a new 4DX theater in Chongqing, with the release of Jurassic Park 3D. On 12 December 2013, Croatian cinema chain, Blitz-CineStar, opened its first 4DX room with the releases of The Hobbit, The Desolation of Smaug and Frozen. Ukrainian theater chain, Planeta Kino, opened its first 4DX room with the premiere of The Hobbit, The Desolation of Smaug on 18 December 2013, VOX Cinemas has opened their first 4DX theater in the United Arab Emirates on 22 December 2013. On 24 March 2014, CJ 4DPlex has signed a deal with AEG to bring the technology to the United States and it opened at the Regal Cinemas L. A. Live Stadium 14 theater in Los Angeles, operated by the Regal Entertainment Group, on 26 June 2014 with Transformers and it was screened with Marvel Studios Captain America, The Winter Soldier, and later premiered with Paramounts Transformers, Age of Extinction
4DX
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4DX theater in
Vietnam.
9.
Simulator ride
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Simulator rides are a type of amusement park or fairground ride, where the audience is shown a movie while their seats move to correspond to the action on screen. There are many types but they fall into the heading of entertainment unlike the ones used for training, simulator rides work by showing a film and moving at the same time. This information is fixed and cannot be changed without rewriting the rides firmware, a film or experience can be made of any subject as they are created manually. Until recently, constructing simulator rides was an expensive, high tech business, the first simulators were built to train military pilots. Long before the days of virtual reality, the view through the cockpit came from video cameras which moved on gantries above physical model landscapes. These model landscapes were huge, often the size of aircraft hangars, by the mid-1990s, computer virtual reality graphics replaced most physical models in simulators. Todays flight training simulators, like NASA’s, have virtual landscapes projected on multiple screens giving a 180 degree view, much simpler simulators, running fixed video synchronised to the movement of the cabin, were introduced in funfairs in the same period. They seat about 12 people and require an operator, universal Studios originally invented the motion theater with their attraction The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera. Disney uses a plan and opened their Star Tours attraction in 1987. Universals attraction did not open until 1990, passenger motion simulators are used as amusement rides with a seating platform remaining parallel to the ground while being moved in a circular motion along a vertical plane. Motion theaters found in a traveling carnival include the Yellow Submarine, more recently, one- to two-person simulator rides have appeared. These run unattended and some types are interactive, like the military flight training simulators. Unlike the military, however, most civilian similators are totally passive and have a choice of rides from which the user selects, the most advanced simulators are in totally enclosed capsules giving a much more immersive ride and allowing the person to be fully engaged in the simulation. The more recent two seaters, produced in 2005, have effects added. Other effects include vibrations which add to the rides realism, due to the exclusivity of this type of simulator ride, there are only a few two seater simulator manufacturers in the world. The first truly low-cost simulator is perhaps the £5k Kidicoaster, which swings up and it is now practical for amateur enthusiasts to develop their own low tech simulator ride. The motion and effects can be controlled by a micro controller, the micro controller only has to switch the play button on the player and the video and motion will then stay adequately in synch for the duration of the ride. Since first developed in 2009, 4DX movie theaters have been growing in popularity and these theaters show mainstream Hollywood films combined with moving seats and other special effects to enhance the experience of the film
Simulator ride
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A typical motion ride simulator mounted on a trailer to make it mobile.
10.
IMAX
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IMAX is a motion picture film format and a set of cinema projection standards developed in Canada by Graeme Ferguson, Roman Kroitor, Robert Kerr, and William C. IMAX has the capacity to record and display images of far greater size, since 2002, some feature films have been converted into IMAX format for displaying in IMAX theatres and some have also been partially shot in IMAX. IMAX is the most widely used system for special-venue film presentations, as of June 2016, there were 1,102 IMAX theatres in 69 countries. The desire to increase the impact of film has a long history. In 1929, Fox introduced Fox Grandeur, the first 70 mm film format, in the 1950s, the potential of 35 mm film to provide wider projected images was explored in the processes of CinemaScope and VistaVision, following multi-projector systems such as Cinerama. While impressive, Cinerama was difficult to install, during Expo 67 in Montreal, the National Film Board of Canadas In the Labyrinth and Fergusons Man and the Polar Regions both used multi-projector, multi-screen systems. Each encountered technical difficulties led them to found a company called Multiscreen. As it became clear that a single, large-screen image had more impact than multiple smaller ones and was a viable product direction. An IMAX 3D theatre also is in operation near the former Expo 67 site at the Montreal Science Centre in the Port of Old Montreal, tiger Child, the first IMAX film, was demonstrated at Expo 70 in Osaka, Japan. The first permanent IMAX installation was built at the Cinesphere theatre at Ontario Place in Toronto and it debuted in May 1971, showing the film North of Superior. The installation is still in place, however, Ontario Place is on hiatus for redevelopment, during Expo 74 in Spokane, Washington, an IMAX screen that measured 27 m ×20 m was featured in the US Pavilion. It became the first IMAX Theatre to not be partnered with any brand of movie theaters. About five million visitors viewed the screen, which covered the total visual field when looking directly forward. This created a sensation of motion in most viewers, and motion sickness in some, much to the dismay of the majority of Spokane and the disapproval of the IMAX Corporation itself, it will be demolished because of its inability to project films digitally. An IMAX 3D & Digital theater was built in Spokane. However, its screen-size is less than half that of the original, due to protests, the IMAX Corporation has been able to remodel the area with the city, and turn the U. S. Pavilion itself into the first permanent outdoor IMAX screen, the first permanent IMAX Dome installation, the Eugene Heikoff and Marilyn Jacobs Heikoff Dome Theatre at the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center, opened in San Diegos Balboa Park in 1973, the first permanent IMAX 3D theatre was built in Vancouver, British Columbia for Transitions at Expo 86, and was in use until September 30,2009
IMAX
–
Audiences view a film using 3D glasses.
IMAX
–
A comparison between 35 mm and 15/70 mm negative areas.
IMAX
–
An IMAX cinema camera, displayed at the National Media Museum, Bradford, U.K.
IMAX
–
The 15 kW
Xenon short-arc lamp used in IMAX projectors.
11.
Jean Nouvel
–
Jean Nouvel is a French architect. Nouvel studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and was a member of Mars 1976. He has obtained a number of prestigious distinctions over the course of his career, including the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, the Wolf Prize in Arts in 2005, a number of museums and architectural centres have presented retrospectives of his work. Nouvel was born on 12 August 1945 in Fumel, France and he is the son of Renée and Roger Nouvel who were teachers. His family moved often when his father became the countys chief school superintendent and his parents encouraged Nouvel to study mathematics and language, but when he was 16 years old he was captivated by art when a teacher taught him drawing. With his second wife Catherine Richard, Nouvel has a daughter and he lives now with Mia Hägg, who is a Swedish architect working at her practice Habiter Autrement in Paris. By age 25, Nouvel completed school and entered into his own partnership with François Seigneur, Nouvel was one of the organizers of the competition for the rejuvenation of the Les Halles district and he founded the first Paris architecture biennale in 1980. In 1981, Nouvel won the competition for the Institut du Monde Arabe building in Paris, whose construction was completed in 1987. Mechanical lenses reminiscent of Arabic latticework in its south wall open and shut automatically, Nouvel had three different partners between 1972 and 1984, Gilbert Lezenes, Jean-François Guyot, and Pierre Soria. In 1985, with his junior architects Emmanuel Blamont, Jean-Marc Ibos and Mirto Vitart, then, with Emmanuel Gattani, he formed JNEC in 1988. Ateliers Jean Nouvel, his present practice, was formed in 1994 with Michel Pélissié and is one of the largest in France, ateliers Jean Nouvel site offices are Rome, Geneva, Madrid and Barcelona. They are working on 30 active projects in 13 countries, Nouvel designed a flacon for LHomme, an Yves Saint Laurent fragrance, in a limited edition launched in 2008. The jury acknowledged the persistence, imagination, exuberance, and, above all, Nouvel has designed a number of notable buildings across the world, the most significant of which are listed below. In 2001 director Beat Kuert filmed a documentary about five of Nouvels projects titled Jean Nouvel. 2010 – Serpentine Gallery temporary pavilion, London 2010 – One New Change, London 2011 – Tower 25 in Nicosia 2012 – Doha Tower skyscraper, Doha, Qatar 2012 – City Hall,2015 – Philharmonie de Paris, Paris. In March 2007, the Louvre announced it would build a Louvre branch in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, Jean Nouvel was chosen as architect. The museum was expected to be completed by 2012, though current expectations are that completion will be delayed until at least 2015. The Central Park redevelopment plan in Sydney will see 11 new buildings in partnership with such as Norman Foster to recreate an abandoned brewery occupying almost four inner-city blocks
Jean Nouvel
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Jean Nouvel in 2009
Jean Nouvel
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Torre Aigües de Barcelona (Agbar), Barcelona
Jean Nouvel
–
Culture and Convention Center (2000) in
Lucerne
Jean Nouvel
–
Gasometer A (2001) in
Vienna
12.
Grande halle de la Villette
–
The Grande halle de la Villette, formerly a slaughterhouse and now a cultural center, is located in Paris, France. It is situated on Place de la Fontaine aux Lions within the Parc de la Villette, while the Grande Halle is within Paris main abattoir district, the historical building now serves as a venue for trade fairs, exhibitions, music festivals, and open-air cinema. As part of Haussmanns renovation of Paris, Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann proposed concentrating all the abattoirs, designed by Jules de Mérindol and Louis-Adolphe Janvier, construction of the Grande Halle took place during the period of 1865–1867. While the La Villette complex opened in the 1860s with a total of three halls, only the Grande Halle aux Boeufs, preserved for its architectural value. La Villette took on a nickname la Cité du Sang by butchers, in 1970, the City of Paris ceded Villettes land and its management to the national government, and four years later, Villettes slaughterhouses ceased operations. In 1979, lEtablissement Public du Parc de la Villette was created to restore and manage Villettes 55 hectare site, and the slaughterhouse/market became a Monument historique. François Mitterrands 1982 announcement of Les Grands Projets included Parc de la Villette, after renovation completion, Mitterrand opened the restored Grande Halle in January 1985. In 1993, by government decree No, 93-96, the EPPV was renamed L’Etablissement public du Parc et de la grande halle de la Villette. Another Grande Halle renovation occurred in 2005–2007, the production designer Guy-Claude François collaborated with architects in the conception of the halls performance stage. The Grande Halle is made of cast iron and glass and it covers an area of 20,000 square metres, and measures 250 metres by 85 metres. Three sides are open while the fourth, made of glass, is the entrance to the hall, the halls far end is described as the central axis of the buildings main visual field. Plans for a restaurant by architects Gilles & Boissier include using an adjacent garden as a source for menu requirements
Grande halle de la Villette
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Grande halle de la Villette, 2012
Grande halle de la Villette
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The Grande halle de la Villette, 1867, pictured between the other two slaughterhouses.
13.
French submarine Argonaute (S636)
–
Argonaute is an Aréthuse-class submarine, and the fourth ship of the French Navy to bear the name. Launched on 23 October 1958, she served as flagship within the Toulon submarine squadron and she was decommissioned on 31 July 1982. After extensive discussions beginning in 1982, in 1989 the Argonaute was transferred from Toulon via Gibraltar to Le Havre, once at the quay on the Canal de lOurcq, she was lifted from the water by cranes and transported by trailer to her current site. The Argonaute opened to the public in 1991, outside the Cité des sciences et de lindustrie,30 Avenue Corentin Cariou, the interior is open daily except Mondays and national holidays, an admission fee is charged. List of museums in Paris Site officiel Photographies NetMarine. net Places in France entry Description and practical information in English Argonaute Submarine EUtouring Entry
French submarine Argonaute (S636)
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Argonaute on display in Paris
14.
Equestrianism
–
Equestrianism, more often known as riding, horseback riding or horse riding, refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses. This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises, Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch. They are also used in sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving. Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, Horses are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking. There is public access to trails in almost every part of the world, many parks, ranches. Horses are also used for therapeutic purposes, both in specialized paraequestrian competition as well as non-competitive riding to improve health and emotional development. Horses are also driven in harness racing, at shows and in other types of exhibition, historical reenactment or ceremony. In some parts of the world, they are used for practical purposes such as farming. Horses continue to be used in service, in traditional ceremonies, police and volunteer mounted patrols. Riding halls enable the training of horse and rider in all weathers as well as indoor competition riding, though there is controversy over the exact date horses were domesticated and when they were first ridden, the best estimate is that horses first were ridden approximately 3500 BC. Indirect evidence suggests that horses were ridden long before they were driven, however, the most unequivocal early archaeological evidence of equines put to working use was of horses being driven. Chariot burials about 2500 BC present the most direct evidence of horses used as working animals. In ancient times chariot warfare was followed by the use of war horses as light, the horse played an important role throughout human history all over the world, both in warfare and in peaceful pursuits such as transportation, trade and agriculture. Horses lived in North America, but died out at the end of the Ice Age, Horses were brought back to North America by European explorers, beginning with the second voyage of Columbus in 1493. Humans appear to have expressed a desire to know which horse were the fastest. Gambling on horse races appears to go hand-in hand with racing and has a history as well. Thoroughbreds have the pre-eminent reputation as a breed, but other breeds also race. Under saddle, Thoroughbred horse racing is the most popular form worldwide, in the UK, it is known as flat racing and is governed by the Jockey Club in the United Kingdom
Equestrianism
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A young rider at a
horse show in Australia
Equestrianism
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Central Park - New York in May, 1940
Equestrianism
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A young
Tibetan rider. Horse riding is an essential means of transportation in parts of the world where the landscape does not permit other means
Equestrianism
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Prehistoric cave painting, depicting a horse and rider
15.
La Francophonie
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The organization comprises 57 member states and governments, three associate members and twenty observers. French geographer Onésime Reclus, brother of Élisée Reclus, coined the word Francophonie in 1880 to refer to the community of people and countries using the French language. Francophonie was then coined a second time by Léopold Sédar Senghor, founder of the Négritude movement, in the review Esprit in 1962, the modern organisation was created in 1970. Its motto is égalité, complémentarité, solidarité, an allusion to Frances motto liberté, égalité, fraternité. Finally in 2005, the adoption of a new Charter of the Francophonie gives the name to the Agency of international Organization of the Francophonie, the position of Secretary-General was created in 1997 at the seventh leaders summit held in Hanoi. Abdou Diouf, the president of the Republic of Senegal. At the 2014 summit in Dakar, former Governor General of Canada Michaëlle Jean was chosen to lead the organization starting in January 2015, the Secretary General of the Francophonie is elected during the Summit. He/she is the keystone of the device and of the Francophonie. He/she is the spokesperson and the official representative internationally of the actions of the Francophonie. The Secretary General is responsible for proposing priority areas for multilateral Francophonie actions, his/her job is to facilitate Francophone multilateral cooperation and to ensure that programs and activities of all operating agencies work in harmony. The Secretary General carries out his/her four-year mandate under the authority of the three institutions of the Francophonie, the Summits, the Ministerial Conference and the Permanent Council. It is chaired by the Head of state and government of the host country, armenia is to play host to the next summit in 2018 and Tunisia is to host in 2020. The Ministerial Conference of the Francophonie gathers the foreign or francophone affairs ministers of member states and this conference ensures that the decisions made during the previous Summits are carried out and to plan the next Summit. It also recommends new members and observers to the Summit and this conference also supervises the execution of the Summit decisions made by the ministerial conferences on a day-to-day basis, about the examination of the propositions of the budget distribution. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Francophonie is constituted by member sections representing 77 parliaments or interparliamentary organizations, the Secretary General is the French senator Jacques Legendre. The Agency of the Francophonie is the operator of the cultural, scientific, technical, economic. It is also the seat of the Secretary General and is used by him as an administrative support. For this reason, it is a place of exchange and dialogue, the Agencys headquarters are in Paris and it has three regional branches in Libreville, Gabon, Lomé, Togo, and Hanoi, Vietnam
La Francophonie
–
Flags of the Francophonie members.
La Francophonie
–
Flag
La Francophonie
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The Francophonie flag flying at the
Parliament of Canada in
Ottawa.
16.
Claes Oldenburg
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Claes Oldenburg is an American sculptor, best known for his public art installations typically featuring large replicas of everyday objects. Another theme in his work is soft sculpture versions of everyday objects, many of his works were made in collaboration with his wife, Coosje van Bruggen. Van Bruggen died in 2009 after 32 years of marriage, Oldenburg lives and works in New York. Claes Oldenburg was born on January 28,1929 in Stockholm and his father was then a Swedish diplomat stationed in New York and in 1936 was appointed Consul General of Sweden to Chicago where Oldenburg grew up, attending the Latin School of Chicago. He studied literature and art history at Yale University from 1946 to 1950, while further developing his craft, he worked as a reporter at the City News Bureau of Chicago. He also opened his own studio and, in 1953, became a citizen of the United States. In 1956, he moved to New York, working part-time in the library of the Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration. Oldenburgs first recorded sales of artworks were at the 57th Street Art Fair in Chicago and he moved back to New York City in 1956. Oldenburg began toying with the idea of sculpture in 1957. Oldenburgs first show that included works, in May 1959, was at the Judson Gallery. During this time, artist Robert Beauchamp described Oldenburg as brilliant, in the 1960s Oldenburg became associated with the Pop Art movement and created many so-called happenings, which were performance art related productions of that time. The name he gave to his own productions was Ray Gun Theater and his first wife Patty Mucha, who sewed many of his early soft sculptures, was a constant performer in his happenings. This brash, often humorous, approach to art was at odds with the prevailing sensibility that, by its nature. But Oldenburgs spirited art found first a niche then a great popularity that endures to this day, Oldenburg moved to Los Angeles in 1963 because it was the most opposite thing to New York could think of. That same year, he conceived AUT OBO DYS, performed in the lot of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics in December 1963. In 1965 he turned his attention to drawings and projects for imaginary outdoor monuments, in 1969, Oldenberg contributed a drawing to the Moon Museum. Many of Oldenburgs large-scale sculptures of mundane objects elicited ridicule before being accepted, for example, the 1969 Lipstick on Caterpillar Tracks, was removed from its original place in Beinecke Plaza at Yale University, and circulated on a loan basis to other campuses. With its bright color, contemporary form and material and its subject, it attacked the sterility
Claes Oldenburg
–
Claes Oldenburg 2012
Claes Oldenburg
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Claes Oldenburg and
Coosje van Bruggen,
Typewriter Eraser, Scale X, 1999, painted stainless steel and fiberglass,
National Gallery of Art,
Washington, DC.
Claes Oldenburg
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Claes Oldenburg in
Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam (1970)
Claes Oldenburg
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Dropped Cone (2001) by Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen. Situated on top of a shopping centre in the Neumarkt area of
Cologne, Germany.
17.
Paris
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Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today. The aire urbaine de Paris, a measure of area, spans most of the Île-de-France region and has a population of 12,405,426. It is therefore the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union after London, the Metropole of Grand Paris was created in 2016, combining the commune and its nearest suburbs into a single area for economic and environmental co-operation. Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometres and has a population of 7 million persons, the Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe. The city is also a rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports, Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the subway system, the Paris Métro. It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro, notably, Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan, with 262 millions passengers in 2015. In 2015, Paris received 22.2 million visitors, making it one of the top tourist destinations. The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris, the 80, 000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The name Paris is derived from its inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. Thus, though written the same, the name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, since the late 19th century, Paris has also been known as Panam in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens and they are also pejoratively called Parigots. The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the areas major north-south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité, this place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town
Paris
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In the 1860s Paris streets and monuments were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, making it literally "The City of Light."
Paris
Paris
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Gold coins minted by the Parisii (1st century BC)
Paris
–
The
Palais de la Cité and
Sainte-Chapelle, viewed from the Left Bank, from the
Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry (month of June) (1410)
18.
Deconstructivism
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Deconstructivism is a movement of postmodern architecture which appeared in the 1980s, which gives the impression of the fragmentation of the constructed building. It is characterized by an absence of harmony, continuity, or symmetry and its name comes from the idea of Deconstruction, a form of semiotic analysis developed by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida. Architects whose work is described as deconstructionism include Peter Eisenman, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas, Daniel Libeskind, Bernard Tschumi. Besides fragmentation, Deconstructivism often manipulates the structures surface skin and creates by non-rectilinear shapes which appear to distort, the finished visual appearance is characterized by unpredictability and controlled chaos. The New York exhibition featured works by Frank Gehry, Daniel Libeskind, Rem Koolhaas, Peter Eisenman, Zaha Hadid, Coop Himmelbau, since the exhibition, some architects associated with Deconstructivism have distanced themselves from it. Nonetheless, the term has stuck and has come to embrace a general trend within contemporary architecture, Tschumi believed that Deconstructivism was simply a move against the practice of Postmodernism, which he said involved making doric temple forms out of plywood. The term Deconstructivism in contemporary architecture is opposed to the rationality of Modernism and Postmodernism. Though postmodernist and nascent deconstructivist architects both published in the journal Oppositions, that journals contents mark a break between the two movements. Deconstructivism took a stance to architectural history, wanting to disassemble architecture. In addition to Oppositions, a text for both deconstructivism and postmodernism was Robert Venturis Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture. It argues against the purity, clarity and simplicity of modernism, with its publication, functionalism and rationalism, the two main branches of modernism, were overturned as paradigms. The reading of the postmodernist Venturi was that ornament and historical allusion added a richness to architecture that modernism had foregone, some Postmodern architects endeavored to reapply ornament even to economical and minimal buildings, described by Venturi as the decorated shed. Rationalism of design was dismissed but the functionalism of the building was still somewhat intact and this is close to the thesis of Venturis next major work, that signs and ornament can be applied to a pragmatic architecture, and instill the philosophic complexities of semiology. The deconstructivist reading of Complexity and Contradiction is quite different, the basic building was the subject of problematics and intricacies in deconstructivism, with no detachment for ornament. Rather than separating ornament and function, like such as Venturi. This subverts the functional aspects of modernist simplicity while taking modernism, particularly the style, of which its white stucco skin is reminiscent. Another example of the deconstructivist reading of Complexity and Contradiction is Peter Eisenmans Wexner Center for the Arts, the Wexner Center takes the archetypal form of the castle, which it then imbues with complexity in a series of cuts and fragmentations. A three-dimensional grid, runs somewhat arbitrarily through the building, the grid, as a reference to modernism, of which it is an accoutrement, collides with the medieval antiquity of a castle
Deconstructivism
–
Libeskind 's
Imperial War Museum North in
Manchester. A prime example of deconstructivist architecture comprising three fragmented, intersecting curved volumes which symbolise the destruction of
war.
Deconstructivism
–
Jewish Museum, Berlin,
Germany
Deconstructivism
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Alpine Deconstructivism in
Kitzbühel,
Austria, by Christine & Horst Lechner
Deconstructivism
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Günter Domenig' s "Steinhaus" at
Lake Ossiach, Austria
19.
Woody Allen
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Heywood Woody Allen is an American actor, writer, director, comedian, playwright, and musician whose career spans more than six decades. He worked as a writer in the 1950s, writing jokes and scripts for television. In the early 1960s, Allen began performing as a stand-up comedian, as a comedian, he developed the persona of an insecure, intellectual, fretful nebbish, which he maintains is quite different from his real-life personality. In 2004, Comedy Central ranked Allen in fourth place on a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians and he is often identified as part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmakers of the mid-1960s to late 1970s. Allen often stars in his films, typically in the persona he developed as a standup, some of the best-known of his over 40 films are Annie Hall, Manhattan, and Hannah and Her Sisters. In 2007 he said Stardust Memories, The Purple Rose of Cairo, critic Roger Ebert described Allen as a treasure of the cinema. Allen won four Academy Awards, three for Best Original Screenplay and one for Best Director and he also won nine British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards. His screenplay for Annie Hall was named the funniest screenplay by the Writers Guild of America in its list of the 101 Funniest Screenplays, in 2011, PBS televised the film biography Woody Allen, A Documentary on the American Masters TV series. Allen was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg in Brooklyn, New York and he and his sister, Letty, were raised in Midwood, Brooklyn. He is the son of Nettie, a bookkeeper at her familys delicatessen, and Martin Konigsberg and his family was Jewish, his grandparents immigrated from Russia and Austria, and spoke Yiddish, Hebrew, and German. His parents were born and raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. His childhood was not particularly happy, his parents did not get along, Allen spoke German quite a bit in his early years. He would later joke that when he was young he was sent to inter-faith summer camps. While attending Hebrew school for eight years, he went to Public School 99 and to Midwood High School, at that time, he lived in an apartment at 968 East 14th Street. Unlike his comic persona, he was interested in baseball than school. He impressed students with his talent at card and magic tricks. To raise money, he wrote jokes for agent David O. Alber, at the age of 17, he legally changed his name to Heywood Allen and later began to call himself Woody Allen. According to Allen, his first published joke read, Woody Allen says he ate at a restaurant that had O. P. S and he was then earning more than both parents combined
Woody Allen
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Allen in the 1970s
Woody Allen
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Allen as a high school senior, 1953
Woody Allen
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Allen with the Broadway cast of Play It Again, Sam (1969).
Woody Allen
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Allen candid from 2006
20.
Sofia Coppola
–
Sofia Carmina Coppola is an American screenwriter, director, producer and actress. In 2003, she received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for the comedy-drama Lost in Translation, in 2010, with the drama Somewhere, she became the first American woman to win the Golden Lion, the top prize at the Venice Film Festival. Her father is director, producer and screenwriter Francis Ford Coppola, sofia Coppola was born in New York City, New York, the youngest child and only daughter of set decorator/artist Eleanor Coppola and director Francis Ford Coppola. Her father is of Italian descent, at fifteen, she interned with Chanel. Coppola is a 1989 graduate of St. Helena High School and she later attended Mills College and the California Institute of the Arts. After dropping out of college, Coppola started a line called Milkfed. Coppolas acting career, marked by frequent criticisms of nepotism, began while she was an infant, the best known of these early roles is her appearance in The Godfather as the infant Michael Francis Rizzi in the baptism scene. Coppola responded to a question about her role in The Godfather Part III in a 2013 interview, I didnt really think about the public aspect of it. People felt very attached to the Godfather films, I grew up with them being no big deal. I mean, I understand theyre great films but and it makes sense that people would have an opinion about it but I got a lot of attention I wasnt expecting. I was going to art school anyway so I was able to get back to what I was doing and it was before the Internet so magazines would come out but then the next month they were gone. There wasnt even as much paparazzi around then and she has since been quoted as saying that she was not hurt by the criticism from her role in The Godfather Part III, because she never especially wanted an acting career. Coppolas first short film was Lick the Star and it played many times on the Independent Film Channel. She made her film directing debut with The Virgin Suicides. It received critical acclaim upon its premiere in North America at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival and was released later that year and her second feature was Lost in Translation. Coppola won the Academy Award for her screenplay and three Golden Globe Awards including Best Picture Musical or Comedy. Her win for best original screenplay in 2003 made her a third-generation Oscar winner, in 2004, Coppola was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Her third film was the biopic Marie Antoinette, adapted from the biography by British historian Antonia Fraser, Kirsten Dunst plays the title character, who marries King Louis XVI, played by Jason Schwartzman, Coppolas cousin
Sofia Coppola
–
Coppola at the
2014 Cannes Film Festival
Sofia Coppola
–
Coppola in 2003
21.
Alexandre Chemetoff
–
Alexandre Chemetoff is a French architect, urban planner and landscape artist. In 2000, he was awarded the Grand Prix de lurbanisme and his approach to project development is to visit the site, walk it, and then connect it with other experiences. Chemetoff is the son of Paul Chemetov, winner of the Grand prix national de larchitecture, born in Paris, he graduated from the LÉcole Nationale Supérieure dHorticulture in Versailles. He states his career came from visits to his fathers building sites, and meeting Michel Corajoud. Chemetoffs practice is characterized as being open and free, refusing limits and his considers his practice of the profession as a commitment in the world. In 1983, he founded the Bureau of Landscapes, an organization consisting of architects, landscape architects and he established Alexander Chemetoff & Associates in 2002, which directs, coordinates and leads the activities of various offices the includes forty people in Gentilly, Nantes, and Nancy. He runs the business with his two partners, Hanaïzi Malika and Patrick Henry and his projects are coordinated with a multidisciplinary approach, combining architecture, construction, urban planning, landscape and public spaces. They include urban projects such as the creation of the city center of Boulogne-Billancourt, the metamorphosis of the island of Nantes, the plateau in Nancy, and his parks and public development can be found at Meurthe in Nancy and the Paul Mistral Park in Grenoble. Chemetoff received international notice for his parks in Villejuif, and in Paris, Alexandre Chemetoff at Arch Guide Alexandre Chemetoff at Worldcat
Alexandre Chemetoff
–
Alexandre Chemetoff, 2010.
22.
Jean-Max Albert
–
Jean-Max Albert is a painter, sculptor, writer, and musician. He has published theory, artists books, a collection of poems, plays and he perpetuated a reflexion initiated by Paul Klee and Edgar Varèse on the transposition of musical structures into formal constructions. He created plant architectures which come close to art, environmental sculpture. Jean-Max Albert French, was born in 1942, in Loches and he studied at the Ecole Régionale des Beaux-Arts dAngers then at the Ecole Nationale des Beaux-Arts de Paris, with frequent visits to the Louvre, across the river. His student friends introduced him to the works of Claude-Nicolas Ledoux, Louis Kahn, Albert was also a trumpet player, joining Henri Texier’s quintet with Alain Tabarnouval in the beginnings of Free Jazz. The group performed in clubs, festivals and concerts, in 1975 he initiated the group show Serres in François Horticultural Greenhouses, Magny-in-Vexin. Sculptor Mark di Suvero invited him to New York City, the first of many visits to United States, in 1981 he met Sara Holt, whose sculpture and photographs were inspired by astronomy. They collaborated and carried out various public art projects, travels in Europe, North Africa, Middle East. In 1990, he was commissioned by the architects Wylde-Oubrerie as collaborating artist for the realisation of Miller House in Lexington, then invited to give lectures and workshops for the University of Architecture of Kentucky and then for the Art Center of Design in Pasadena. Edgar Varese, in his comments, often refers to solid geometry and his experience in the musical field enabled Jean-Max Albert to exchange on these subjects with musicians such as, György Ligeti, Steve Lacy, Barney Wilen, François Tusques. He creates monumental trellis-works, Iapetus which refers to the structure of Thelonious Monks ‘’Misterioso’’ », Ligeti, a book and exhibition followed, Thelonious Monk Architecte. A collaboration with pianist and composer François Tusques results in 80 short films, with Jean-Claude Mocik, he is coauthor of the project Midi-Pile started in 1994. Beside sculptures related to music, he conceived a project dedicated to the vegetation itself, the utopian Calmoduline Monument is based on the property of a protein, calmodulin, to bond selectively to calcium. Exterior physical constraints modify the potential of the cellular membranes of a plant. However, the controls the expression of the calmoduline gene. The plant can thus, when there is a stimulus, modify its « typical » growth pattern and this permanent show, installed in a public place, would suggest a level of fundamental biological activity. This idea that an artwork should be autonomous — epoch and even authors identity, taking second place — has provoked vigorous discussions with artists friends, notably with painter Joan Mitchell. Around 1973, a meeting with the architect Louis Kahn, led him to compare the relationship between paint and canvas with that of vegetation on trellis
Jean-Max Albert
–
Jean-Max Albert, Paris, September 2014
Jean-Max Albert
–
Photon Propagation, Model, 2013
Jean-Max Albert
–
Projet for a monument to calmodulin,1991
Jean-Max Albert
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Framing Sculptures Parc de La Villette, Paris 1986
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