Parker, Colorado

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Parker, Colorado
Town
Mainstreet in downtown Parker
Mainstreet in downtown Parker
Location of Parker in Douglas County, Colorado.
Location of Parker in Douglas County, Colorado.
Coordinates: 39°31′10″N 104°45′57″W / 39.51944°N 104.76583°W / 39.51944; -104.76583Coordinates: 39°31′10″N 104°45′57″W / 39.51944°N 104.76583°W / 39.51944; -104.76583[1]
Country United States
State Colorado
County

Douglas

[2]
Incorporated May 1981[3]
Government
 • Type Home Rule Municipality[2]
 • Mayor Mike Waid
 • Council Members Scott Jackson, Josh Martin, Amy Holland, Debbie Lewis, John Diak, Joshua Rivero
Area[4]
 • Total 21.56 sq mi (55.84 km2)
 • Land 21.55 sq mi (55.82 km2)
 • Water 0.01 sq mi (0.02 km2)
Elevation[5] 5,869 ft (1,789 m)
Population (2010)[6]
 • Total 45,297
 • Estimate (2016)[7] 51,163
 • Density 2,373.93/sq mi (916.58/km2)
Time zone MST (UTC−7)
 • Summer (DST) MDT (UTC−6)
ZIP codes[8] 80134, 80138
Area code(s) Both 303 and 720
FIPS code 08-57630
GNIS feature ID 0185051
Website www.parkeronline.org
The third most populous Douglas County town

Parker is a home rule municipality in Douglas County, Colorado, United States. As a self-declared "town" under the Home Rule statutes, Parker is the second most populous town in the county; Castle Rock is the most populous.[9] In recent years, Parker has become a commuter town at the southeasternmost corner of the Denver metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census the town population was 45,297;[10] the estimated population in 2014 was 49,857.[11] Parker is now the 19th most populous municipality in the state of Colorado.

History[edit]

Native Americans[edit]

The first known people to live in the area were ancient and Plains Woodland peoples. Utes, Arapaho, and Cheyenne were in the area by the 1800s. They were all hunter-gatherers who established seasonal camps to acquire food.[12] Nearby rock shelter, Franktown Cave, shows evidence of habitation beginning in the early Archaic period about 6,400 BC and continuing through each of the remaining cultural periods to AD 1725.[13]

Pine Grove[edit]

Stage roads were established on historic Cherokee and Trapper's Trails through present-day Denver. In 1864, Alfred Butters established the Pine Grove Way Station in a small one-room building (south of the current Parker United Methodist Church) to sell provisions, handle mail and messages, and provide respite for travelers.[12][14] The area was then within the Territory of Colorado (1861–1876). Butters became a state senator and representative. His house is on the National Register of Historic Places listings in downtown Denver.[14] George Long and his wife purchased the building, moved it to its present location on Main Street, and expanded it to include ten rooms, a ball room and outbuildings.[12] Built at the junction of stage routes, it was called Twenty Mile House for its distance to Denver. The stage station offered provisions, meals, and lodging, as well as protection for early settlers against attacks by Native Americans.[12][15]

Initially, there were peaceful interactions with Native Americans. Chiefs Washington and Colorow led their tribes along Sulphur Gulch, passing and sometimes visiting cabins of early settlers, like John and Elizabeth Tallman. During one visit, Chief Washington offered up to 20 ponies in trade for their red-headed son. They occasionally heard the sounds of celebration and mourning from nearby encampments.[14] Tension between settlers and Native Americans began to build in the 1860s due to broken treaties, aggression, and cultural misunderstanding. People became especially fearful following the Hungate massacre of 1864 in present-day Elbert County, which may have been started by Nathan Hungate shooting a Native American who stole his horse. It may have been a precipitating factor in the Sand Creek massacre led by General John Chivington later that year. John Tallman was one of the first to arrive at the scene Hungate Massacre and he served under Chivington during the Sand Creek massacre. The citizens of Parker became quite concerned and closed the school for a brief time after the massacres. In 1870, Jonathan Tallman (John's brother) was killed by Native Americans while out riding his mule.[14]

Twenty Mile House, Parker, Colorado, 1908

In 1869, Twenty Mile House was owned by Nelson and Susan Doud.[12][15] In 1870, the Douds purchased the Seventeen Mile House in what is now Centennial and sold the Twenty Mile House[16] to James S. Parker, an American Civil War veteran from Illinois who came to Colorado in 1865.[12][17] He added a blacksmith shop and mercantile store. In December 1870,[12] or 1873, a post office was established for the Pine Grove settlement; James Parker was the postmaster.[18] He built a schoolhouse and provided lodging and the first year's salary for the teacher.[12] George Parker, James' brother, homesteaded and built a saloon on land east of Parker Road.[12] George owned most of the land that ultimately became the town of Parker. He encouraged settlers and business development by "parceling out his spread" to newcomers.[12][14]

Parker[edit]

The name of the settlement was changed to Parker in 1882.[18][19] It was first called Parkers' for the two brother and largest landowners, but the apostrophe was later dropped.[14] That year, the Denver and New Orleans Railroad completed the initial railroad route[20] that provided service between Denver, Parker, and Colorado Springs. To ensure that the railroad came though the center of town, rather than along Cherry Creek, James Parker sold his right-of-way for $1 and his brother George sold his right-of-way to bring the railroad into the center of town to Parker station.[21]

Rhode Island Hotel, 1908. Built near the railroad depot, the hotel had modern conveniences, a livery stable, a telephone company for the town, and a telegraph office. Over the years, it has been used for multiple purposes. It is now contained within the 20 Mile Center on Mainstreet. The outline of the old hotel can be seen from the rear of the building.[22]

James donated three acres for Parker Cemetery around 1884, at which time it held the graves of his two sons. It holds the graves of early settlers, the earliest known death was in 1870. Parker (died 1910) and his wife Mattie (died 1887) are also buried there.[12] In the mid-1880s, gold was found at Newlin Gulch (site of the current Rueter–Hess Reservoir.) More businesses were added, including a dry goods store, two more general mercantile stores, another blacksmith shop, a livery stable, barber shop, creamery, stockyard, hotel, church, and a brickworks. Many of these were added by 1900.[12][14] Victorian architectural style houses were built along Pikes Peak Drive in the 1910s.[23] The Parker station of the Colorado and Southern Railway, which was renamed as it expanded its route, closed in 1931.[21]

Pikes Peak Grange (1908), north of Franktown, near the near the entrance to Hidden Mesa Open Space

At least through the 1930s, there were dances the first Saturday of each month at Pikes Peak Grange, located north of Franktown. The dances were attended by teenagers from Parker and Elizabeth.[24]

The Parker City Land Company began development of a "modern western town" in the 1960s, but they did not complete the housing projects due to financial short-falls and pressure from their Mafia connections. The developer skipped town in 1971. About 1980 or 1981, the development was completed by another builder. Dean Salibury advocated for Parker's incorporation to protect its landowners.[24] The town was incorporated in 1981,[25] and Salisbury was Parker's first mayor.[24] Parker grew exponentially in the mid-1990s and mid-2000s, during the growth of Denver's southern suburbs.[25] In 1981 there were 285 people in Parker and by 2014 48,000 people resided in the town.[23]

Historic places[edit]

Ruth Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church, listed on the National Register of Historic Places

The Twenty Mile post office, originally the Pine Grove post office building, was restored by the Parker Area Historical Society. It is located on Mainstreet, just west of Parker Road.[26] Ruth Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[27] The town of Parker was given a grant by the History Colorado State Historical Fund a restoration project for the Parker Consolidated School at the Mainstreet Center.[28] The Hood House, one of two houses that did not sustain any damage during the flood of Tallman Gulch in 1912, is located in Preservation Park.[29] Some of the other historic sites include Tallman–Newlin Cabin and Parker Cemetery.[23]

Geography[edit]

Parker is located in northeastern Douglas County.[1] Its northernmost border follows the Arapahoe County line, and the city of Aurora touches the town's northeast border. The center of Parker is 23 miles (37 km) southeast of downtown Denver.[30] Castle Rock, the Douglas County seat, is 15 miles (24 km) to the southwest. Unincorporated communities that border Parker are Dove Valley to the northwest, Stonegate to the west, and The Pinery to the south.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 20.5 square miles (53.1 km2), of which 0.02 square miles (0.04 km2), or 0.08%, is water.[10] Cherry Creek flows through Parker on its way north toward Denver.[31]

Demographics[edit]

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
19905,450—
200023,558332.3%
201045,29792.3%
Est. 201651,163[7]13.0%
U.S. Decennial Census[32]

As of the census of 2000, there were 23,558 people, 7,929 households, and 6,525 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,615.2 people per square mile (623.4/km²). There were 8,352 housing units at an average density of 572.6 per square mile (221.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 92.60% White, 1.71% Asian, 1.01% Black, 0.45% Native American, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.88% from other races, and 2.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.80% of the population.

There were 7,929 households out of which 52.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.8% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.7% were non-families. 13.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 1.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the town, the population was spread out with 34.0% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 43.4% from 25 to 44, 15.0% from 45 to 64, and 2.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $74,116, and the median income for a family was $77,384 (these figures had risen to $80,679 and $89,154, respectively, as of a 2007 estimate). Males had a median income of $52,070 versus $35,700 for females. The per capita income for the town was $27,479. About 1.7% of families and 2.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over.

Climate[edit]

This climate type is usually found in the outskirts of true deserts in low-latitude, semiarid regions. It has a cooler, wetter winter resulting from the higher latitude and mid-latitude frontal cyclone activity. Annual precipitation totals are greater than in tropical and subtropical desert climates. Yearly variations in amount are not as extreme as in the true deserts but are nevertheless large. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "BSk". (Tropical and Subtropical Steppe Climate).

Climate data for Parker, Colorado
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 43
(6) 		46
(8) 		51
(11) 		60
(16) 		69
(21) 		80
(27) 		86
(30) 		84
(29) 		77
(25) 		66
(19) 		52
(11) 		45
(7) 		63
(18)
Average low °F (°C) 15
(−9) 		18
(−8) 		23
(−5) 		31
(−1) 		40
(4) 		49
(9) 		55
(13) 		54
(12) 		46
(8) 		35
(2) 		23
(−5) 		17
(−8) 		34
(1)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.3
(8) 		0.3
(8) 		0.9
(23) 		1.3
(33) 		2.5
(64) 		1.9
(48) 		2.2
(56) 		1.9
(48) 		1.1
(28) 		0.8
(20) 		0.7
(18) 		0.3
(8) 		14.1
(358)
Source: Weatherbase [33]

Education[edit]

Parker is served by Douglas County School District RE-1. Douglas County School District has among the highest level of students in Colorado. Students have scored, on average, 12 to 19 percent above the state average.[34] The district was rated 9th in the state in 2009.[35] The Pine Lane Elementary School had the largest student enrollment in Parker until Mammoth Heights Elementary opened in January 2007 and took the overload.

Two of the three principal high schools in the area, Ponderosa and Chaparral, have a cross-town rivalry and compete annually for The Pride of Parker trophy. Legend High School opened in 2008, as Douglas County's ninth High School.

Private schools in Parker include:

  • Ave Maria Catholic School (PK-8)
  • Southeast Christian School (PK-8)
  • Lutheran High School Parker (9–12)
  • Parker Montessori Educational Institute (PK-K)
  • Montessori Academy (PK-K)

For other Parker and Douglas County school information:

  • Pine Lane Primary
  • Frontier Valley Elementary School
  • Pine Lane Intermediate
  • Pine Grove Elementary School
  • Mammoth Heights Elementary School
  • Cherokee Trail Elementary
  • Iron Horse Elementary
  • Prairie Crossing Elementary
  • Legacy Point Elementary
  • Gold Rush Elementary
  • Pioneer Elementary School

Parker Secondary Schools

  • Sierra Middle School
  • Sagewood Middle School
  • Cimarron Middle School
  • Legend High School
  • Ponderosa High School
  • Chaparral High School

Parker also has four public charter schools:

  • American Academy (annual lottery)
  • Challenge to Excellence Charter School (annual lottery)
  • North Star Academy (annual lottery)
  • Parker Core Knowledge Charter School (students selected through a wait list; application at birth strongly recommended in order to gain entry for kindergarten)

College classes:

  • The University Center at Chaparral

Post-Secondary Education:

  • Rocky Vista University - College of Osteopathic Medicine

Recreation[edit]

The Town maintains 10 trails with over 27 miles of concrete paved, multi-use trails, over 6 miles of natural surface equestrian trails and a 1.8-mile natural surface, multi-use loop trail. The Cherry Creek Trail runs along Cherry Creek, north and south through Parker. Bicycling, hiking, nature walks, and cross-country skiing are all popular uses.

The Rueter–Hess Reservoir is located west of town and is not yet open for recreational use. Nevertheless, planned activities there include fishing, hiking, and non-motorized boating. No natural streams flow into the reservoir, instead, water rights owned by the Parker Water and Sanitation District provide water delivered via Cherry Creek and a local canals. If filled to capacity, surface size would be 1,140 acres.

The Parker Recreation Center is located alongside Lincoln Avenue and has several amenities such as gyms, swimming pools, fitness and cycling studios, sports and fitness classes, and more.

Attractions[edit]

The town currently maintains about 250 acres of developed parkland and more than 900 acres of open space.[36]

Parker is also home to the Parker Arts, Culture, & Events Center (PACE). It is a venue that hosts art exhibits, art classes, theater productions, and concerts. It is the official home of the Parker Symphony Orchestra, a community orchestra established in 1994, that offers a full season of orchestra concerts annually. The Parker Symphony was formerly the South Suburban Community Orchestra.

Local media[edit]

Parker currently has one local magazine and one local paper. Search Parker Magazine is the local magazine and the Parker Chronicle is the local paper. Parker also receives the county-wide channel, Douglas County 8, which broadcasts school sports events and assorted programs run by residents.[37]

Notable people[edit]

Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Parker include:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23. 
  2. ^ a b "Active Colorado Municipalities". State of Colorado, Department of Local Affairs. Archived from the original on November 22, 2010. Retrieved 2007-09-01. 
  3. ^ "Colorado Municipal Incorporations". State of Colorado, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. 2004-12-01. Retrieved 2007-09-02. 
  4. ^ "2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved Jul 25, 2017. 
  5. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  6. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 23, 2015. 
  7. ^ a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017. 
  8. ^ "ZIP Code Lookup". United States Postal Service. Archived from the original (JavaScript/HTML) on November 23, 2010. Retrieved December 2, 2007. 
  9. ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder". factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  10. ^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Parker town, Colorado". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved October 16, 2015. 
  11. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015. 
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "A Brief History of Parker, Colorado". Parker Area Historical Society, Parker Colorado. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  13. ^ Gilmore, Kevin P. (April 24, 2012). "National Register Nomination Form: Franktown Cave. Site 5DA272". University of Denver. pp. 1–2, 4. 
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Michlewicz, Chris (December 11, 2014). "Echoes of Parker's Past - The Early Years: 1864-1910". Parker Chronicle. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  15. ^ a b "Tales Told with Markers" (PDF). Colorado Magazine. Summer 1970. p. 223. Retrieved June 25, 2018. 
  16. ^ "17 Mile Farm Park Master Plan". Arapahoe County Government. October 2007. p. 16. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  17. ^ Bishop, Will C. (1911). The Trail: A Magazine "for Colorado.". W.C. Bishop. p. 27. 
  18. ^ a b Bright, William (2004). Colorado Place Names. Big Earth Publishing. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-55566-333-9. 
  19. ^ Donald R. Elliott (1999). Doris L. Elliott, ed. "Colorado Place Names" (PDF). Denver Public Library. p. 464. Retrieved June 25, 2018. 
  20. ^ Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey. United States Geological Survey. 1910. p. 339. 
  21. ^ a b Sandra Jane Whelchel (2015). Parker. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-1-4671-3315-9. 
  22. ^ Smith, Larry T. "Rhode Island Hotel". Parker Area Historical Society - Parker Colorado. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  23. ^ a b c Michlewicz, Chris (December 11, 2014). "Echoes of Parker's Past - The Changes: 1995-2014". Parker Chronicle. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  24. ^ a b c Michlewicz, Chris (December 11, 2014). "Echoes of Parker's Past - The Simple Life: 1911-1994". Parker Chronicle. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  25. ^ a b Michlewicz, Chris (December 11, 2014). "Echoes of Parker's Past - Looking Back". Parker Chronicle. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  26. ^ "Twenty Mile House". Parker Area Historical Society - Parker Colorado. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  27. ^ "National Register of Historical Places - Colorado, Douglas County". www.nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  28. ^ "Parker Consolidated School at the Mainstreet Center". History Colorado. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  29. ^ Smith, Larry T. (January 2009). "The Hood House". Parker Area Historical Society - Parker Colorado. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 
  30. ^ Google Maps, accessed October 16, 2014
  31. ^ U.S. Geological Survey topographic map series, retrieved Oct. 16, 2015
  32. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015. 
  33. ^ "Weatherbase.com". Weatherbase. 2013.  Retrieved on May 5, 2013.
  34. ^ http://www.dcsdk12.org/portal/page/portal/DCSD/Communications/Published_Materials/quick_facts_0910_01.pdf Retrieved 2011-1-29
  35. ^ http://www.schooldigger.com/go/CO/districtrank.aspx Retrieved 2011-1-29
  36. ^ "Parker Parks & Trails". 
  37. ^ http://www.douglas.co.us/networkdc/ Retrieved 2011-1-29
  38. ^ "Derrick White". ESPN. Retrieved 2018-08-28. 
  39. ^ "Josh Adams". University of Wyoming. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  40. ^ Meachum, Brandon (2006-07-12). "Parker player shines in Wimbledon spotlight". The Denver Post. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  41. ^ "Scott Elrod Biography". IMDb. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  42. ^ Lynskey, Dorian (2013-03-02). "John Grant: 'I wanted to let some of the anger out'". The Guardian. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  43. ^ Michlewicz, Chris (2012-02-26). "Parker seeks to boost daytime economy". Parker Chronicle. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  44. ^ Strode, Dale (2012-07-15). "He's no 'pacer'". The Durango Herald. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  45. ^ "#486 John Malone". Forbes. 2006. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  46. ^ "Chris Martinez". Major League Soccer. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  47. ^ Sanchez, Robert (January 2010). "Dana Inc". 5280. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  48. ^ Baines, Gary (2011-07-21). "Soule leading at Colorado Open". Daily Camera. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  49. ^ Bunch, Joey (2015-10-29). "Coloradans analyze Wednesday's Republican debate in Boulder". The Denver Post. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  50. ^ Roberts, Michael (2014-07-08). "Photos: Tour ex-Dollar Store CEO's astonishing Parker home -- yours for about $18 million". Westword. Retrieved 2016-05-03. 
  51. ^ "Aurora Shooting Prosecutor George Brauchler: The James Holmes Trial 'Will Always Stay with Me'". people.com. Retrieved June 26, 2018. 

Further reading[edit]

  • McLaughlin, Frank B. (1998). A Guidebook to Historic Sites in the Parker Area: What They Look Like, what They Looked Like, how to Find Them, Their History. Parker Area Historical Society. 
  • Miller, Ruth L. (2005). Parker, Colorado: An Historical Narrative. Parker Area Historical Society. 
  • Whelchel, Sandy (1996). A Folk History of Parker and Hilltop. Parker Distributing/Paintbrush Press. ISBN 978-1-878406-08-8. 
  • Whiteley, Lee (1999). The Cherokee Trail: Bent's Old Fort to Fort Bridger. Johnson Printing. ISBN 978-0-9671351-1-3. 

External links[edit]

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