The Partial Test Ban Treaty, formally known as the 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water, prohibited all test detonations of nuclear weapons except
The Ivy Mike test of 1952, an early thermonuclear detonation
Eisenhower and Strauss discuss Operation Castle, 1954
Macmillan (second from left) with Eisenhower in March 1957
US test detonation (part of Operation Hardtack II) conducted shortly before the start of the moratorium in 1958
Vela incident
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The Vela incident was an atmospheric nuclear explosion that occurred on 22 September 1979, near the South African territory of Prince Edward Islands in the Indian Ocean, roughly midway between Africa
Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
…Non-signatories France and China continued atmospheric testing until 1974 and 1980. Signatories Israel and South Africa may have violated it with the 1979 Vela incident. Since 1980, all declared nuclear weapons states have made underground tests, and there have been no suspected non-underground tests. The primary…
Two Vela 5A/B satellites in a clean room. The two satellites are separated after launch.
Nuclear reactor in dimona
1981 Los Alamos report as cited