1.
Maia Sandu
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Maia Sandu is a Moldovan economist, and Minister of Education of Moldova from 2012 until 2015. She was considered on 23 July 2015 by the Liberal Democratic Party as a nominee to be the next Prime Minister of Moldova, succeeding Natalia Gherman, ultimately, Valeriu Streleț was nominated over Sandu by the President of Moldova. In 2016, Maia Sandu was a candidate in the Moldovan presidential election, running on a Pro-EU action platform, she was one of the two candidates that reached the run off of the election. Maia Sandu was born on 24 May 1972 in the village of Risipeni, in the region of Fălești, from 1989 to 1994, Sandu majored in management at the Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova. Then, from 1995 to 1998, she majored in international relations at the Academy of Public Administration in Chișinău, in 2010, she graduated from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. From 2010 to 2012, Sandu worked as Adviser to the Executive Director at the World Bank in Washington, on December 23,2015 she launched a platform „În /pas/ cu Maia Sandu” that would become a political party. It was later announced, that the party will be called Partidul Acțiune și Solidaritate. Maia Sandu on Facebook Maia Sandu on Twitter În /pas/ cu Maia Sandu - a campaign website
2.
Moldova
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Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova (Romanian, Republica Moldova, listen, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. In 1856, southern Bessarabia was returned to Moldavia, but Russian rule was restored over the whole of the region in 1878, Bessarabia remained a province of the Russian Empire until 1917, when during the Russian Revolution it became an autonomous and then nominally independent Moldavian Democratic Republic. In 1918, following a vote of its assembly, Bessarabia united with the Kingdom of Romania, the decision was disputed by Soviet Russia, which in 1924, created within the Ukrainian SSR, on a territory east of Bessarabia, a so-called Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia to the Soviet Union, the Soviets decided to split the region between a newly established Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Ukrainian SSR. The Moldavian SSR included two-thirds of the territory of Bessarabia, on 27 August 1991, as part of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Moldavian SSR declared independence and took the name Moldova. The current Constitution of Moldova was adopted in 1994, the strip of the Moldovan territory on the east bank of the Dniester river has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990. Its economy is the poorest in Europe in per capita terms, Moldova is a parliamentary republic with a president as head of state and a prime minister as head of government. The name Moldova derives from the Moldova River, the valley of this served as a political centre at the time of the foundation of the Principality of Moldavia in 1359. The origin of the name of the river remains unclear, the dogs name, given to the river, extended to the Principality. For a short time in the 1990s, at the founding of the Commonwealth of Independent States, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the country began to use the Romanian name, Moldova. Officially, the name Republic of Moldova is designated by the United Nations, in 2010, Oldowan flint tools were discovered at Bayraki that are 800, 000–1.2 million years old. This demonstrates that humans were present in Moldova during the early Paleolithic era. The inhabitants of this civilization, which lasted roughly from 5500 to 2750 BC, practiced agriculture, raised livestock, hunted, in antiquity, Moldovas territory was inhabited by Dacian tribes. Between the 1st and 7th centuries AD, the south was intermittently under the Roman, and then Byzantine Empires. The Principality of Moldavia, established in 1359, was bounded by the Carpathian Mountains in the west, the Dniester River in the east, and the Danube River and Black Sea to the south. Its territory comprised the territory of the Republic of Moldova, the eastern eight counties of Romania. Like the present-day republic and Romanias north-eastern region, it was known to the locals as Moldova, Moldavia was invaded repeatedly by Crimean Tatars and, beginning in the 15th century, by the Turks. In 1538, the principality became a tributary to the Ottoman Empire, the title used in the document of 6 July 1600 was The King of the country of Romania, Ardeal and of all of Moldavia
3.
Liberalism
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Liberalism is a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality. Liberalism first became a political movement during the Age of Enlightenment. Liberalism rejected the social and political norms of hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy. The 17th-century philosopher John Locke is often credited with founding liberalism as a philosophical tradition. Locke argued that man has a natural right to life, liberty and property. Liberals opposed traditional conservatism and sought to replace absolutism in government with representative democracy, prominent revolutionaries in the Glorious Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French Revolution used liberal philosophy to justify the armed overthrow of what they saw as tyrannical rule. Liberalism started to spread rapidly especially after the French Revolution, the 19th century saw liberal governments established in nations across Europe, South America, and North America. During the 20th century, liberal ideas spread even further as liberal democracies found themselves on the side in both world wars. In Europe and North America, the establishment of social liberalism became a key component in the expansion of the welfare state, today, liberal parties continue to wield power and influence throughout the world. Words such as liberal, liberty, libertarian, and libertine all trace their history to the Latin liber, which means free. One of the first recorded instances of the word occurs in 1375. The words early connection with the education of a medieval university soon gave way to a proliferation of different denotations and connotations. In 16th century England, liberal could have positive or negative attributes in referring to someones generosity or indiscretion, in Much Ado About Nothing, Shakespeare wrote of a liberal villaine who hath. confest his vile encounters. With the rise of the Enlightenment, the word acquired decisively more positive undertones, being defined as free from narrow prejudice in 1781, in 1815, the first use of the word liberalism appeared in English. In Spain, the Liberales, the first group to use the label in a political context. From 1820 to 1823, during the Trienio Liberal, King Ferdinand VII was compelled by the liberales to swear to uphold the Constitution, by the middle of the 19th century, liberal was used as a politicised term for parties and movements worldwide. Over time, the meaning of the word began to diverge in different parts of the world. According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, In the United States, liberalism is associated with the policies of the New Deal programme of the Democratic administration of Pres
4.
Social liberalism
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Social liberalism is a political ideology that believes individual liberty requires a level of social justice. Under social liberalism, the good of the community is viewed as harmonious with the freedom of the individual, Social liberal policies have been widely adopted in much of the capitalist world, particularly following World War II. Social liberal ideas and parties tend to be considered centrist or centre-left, a reaction against social liberalism in the late twentieth century, often called neoliberalism, led to monetarist economic policies and a reduction in government provision of services. However, governments continued to provide services and retained control over economic policy. In American political usage, the social liberalism describes progressive stances on socio-political issues like abortion, same-sex marriage or gun control. A social liberal in this sense may hold either liberal or conservative views on fiscal policy, some Victorian writers—including Charles Dickens, Thomas Carlyle, and Matthew Arnold—became early influential critics of social injustice. John Stuart Mill contributed enormously to liberal thought by combining elements of liberalism with what eventually became known as the new liberalism. More positive and proactive measures were required to ensure that individual would have an equal opportunity of success. What they proposed is now called social liberalism, in their view, the poverty, squalor and ignorance in which many people lived made it impossible for freedom and individuality to flourish. New Liberals believed that conditions could be ameliorated only through collective action coordinated by a strong, welfare-oriented. What was new in these reforms was the assumption that the state could be a positive force. Was not how much the state left people alone, but whether he gave them the capacity to fill themselves as individuals, schulze-Delitzsch is also known as the founding father of the German cooperative movement and is credited as the organiser of the worlds first credit unions. But their ideas found relatively few supporters among the liberal politicians, one of the first German authors to propose the term and concept of social liberalism was the historian and economist Ignaz Jastrow. He published the manifesto Social-liberal, Tasks for Liberalism in Prussia in 1893 and this project was however rejected by Social Democrats and failed. Naumann called this a proletarian-bourgeois integral liberalism, the new group advocated, among other things, increased social welfare legislation, the right to strike, and profit-sharing in industry. Although the party was unable to win any seats and soon dissolved, the left-liberal German Democratic Party during the Weimar Republic included both classically and economically liberal and social-liberal currents. They explained that a division of labor caused greater opportunity and individualism. They argued that the individual had a debt to society, promoting progressive taxation to support public works, however, they wanted the state to coordinate rather than to manage, and they encouraged cooperative insurance schemes among individuals
5.
Political spectrum
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A political spectrum is a system of classifying different political positions upon one or more geometric axes that symbolize independent political dimensions. Most long-standing spectra include a wing and left wing, which originally referred to seating arrangements in the French parliament after the Revolution. According to the simplest left–right axis, communism and socialism are usually regarded internationally as being on the left, liberalism can mean different things in different contexts, sometimes on the left, sometimes on the right. Those with an intermediate outlook are classified as centrists or moderates, politics that rejects the conventional left–right spectrum is known as syncretic politics. Political scientists have noted that a single left–right axis is insufficient for describing the existing variation in political beliefs. As seen from the Speakers seat at the front of the Assembly, the aristocracy sat on the right, originally, the defining point on the ideological spectrum was the Ancien Régime. The Right thus implied support for aristocratic or royal interests, and the church, while The Left implied support for republicanism, secularism, and civil liberties. Because the political franchise at the start of the revolution was relatively narrow, the original Left represented mainly the interests of the bourgeoisie and their political interests in the French Revolution lay with opposition to the aristocracy, and so they found themselves allied with the early capitalists. However, this did not mean that their interests lay with the laissez-faire policies of those representing them politically. As capitalist economies developed, the aristocracy became less relevant and were replaced by capitalist representatives. This evolution has often pulled parliamentary politicians away from laissez-faire economic policies, for almost a century, social scientists have considered the problem of how best to describe political variation. In 1950, Leonard W. Submitting the results to factor analysis and this system was derived empirically, rather than devising a political model on purely theoretical grounds and testing it, Fergusons research was exploratory. As a result of method, care must be taken in the interpretation of Fergusons three factors, as factor analysis will output an abstract factor whether an objectively real factor exists or not. Although replication of the Nationalism factor was inconsistent, the finding of Religionism and Humanitarianism had a number of replications by Ferguson, shortly afterward, Hans Eysenck began researching political attitudes in Great Britain. He believed that there was something similar about the National Socialists on the one hand. Submitting this value questionnaire to the process of factor analysis used by Ferguson. Such analysis produces a factor whether or not it corresponds to a real-world phenomenon, Eysencks dimensions of R and T were found by factor analyses of values in Germany and Sweden, France, and Japan. According to Eysenck, members of both ideologies were tough-minded, in this context, Eysenck carried out studies on nazism and communist groups, claiming to find members of both groups to be more dominant and more aggressive than control groups
6.
European People's Party
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The European Peoples Party is a European political party. A transnational organisation, it is composed of political parties. Founded by primarily Christian democratic parties in 1976, it has broadened its membership to include liberal-conservative parties and parties with other centre-right political perspectives. The EPP has been the largest party in the European Parliament since 1999 and it is also by far the largest party in the current European Commission. The President of the European Council, President of the European Commission, many of the Founding fathers of the European Union were also from parties that later formed the EPP. Outside the EU the party also controls a majority in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the EPP has alternated with its centre-left rival the Party of European Socialists as the largest European political party and parliamentary group. In the late 1990s the Finnish politician Sauli Niinistö negotiated the merger of the European Democrat Union, of which he was President, in October 2002 the EDU ceased its activities after being formally absorbed by the EPP at a special event in Estoril, Portugal. In recognition of his efforts Niinistö was elected Honorary President of the EPP the same year, the manifesto called for, Creation of new jobs, continuing reforms and investment in education, lifelong learning, and employment in order to create opportunities for everyone. Avoidance of protectionism, and coordination of fiscal and monetary policies, increased transparency and surveillance in financial markets. Making Europe the market leader in green technology, increasing the share of renewable energy to at least 20 per cent of the energy mix by 2020. Family-friendly flexibility for working parents, better care and housing, family-friendly fiscal policies. A new strategy to attract skilled workers from the rest of the world to make Europe’s economy more competitive, more dynamic and more knowledge-driven. The EPP operates as an international non-profit association under Belgian law according to its by-laws, the Presidency is the executive body of the party. It decides on the political guidelines of the EPP and presides over its Political Assembly. The Presidency is composed of the President, ten Vice-Presidents, the Honorary Presidents, the Secretary General, the Chairperson of the EPP Group in the European Parliament, the Presidents of the Commission, the Parliament and the Council, and the High Representative are all ex officio Vice-Presidents. The Political Assembly is composed of designated delegates from EPP member parties, associated parties, member associations, the Political Assembly meets at least three times a year. The Congress is the highest decision-making body of the EPP, the Congress elects the EPP Presidency every three years, decides on the main policy documents and electoral programmes, and provides a platform for the EPPs heads of government and party leaders. EPP leaders meet for the EPP Summit a few hours before each meeting of the European Council in order to formulate common positions and it also invites individual Commissioners to the EPP Summit meetings and to EPP Ministerial meetings
7.
Parliament of the Republic of Moldova
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The Parliament of the Republic of Moldova is the unicameral assembly of the Republic of Moldova. Its 101 MPs are elected by popular vote every 4 years, the parliament then elects a president, who functions as the head of state. The president appoints a minister as head of government who in turn assembles a cabinet. The structure and the record of the parliament staff are approved by the Parliament. According to the Constitution of Moldova, the Parliament is the supreme representative organ, the right of legislative initiative belongs to the Members of Parliament, to the Speaker and to the Government. In exercise of this right MPs and the President of the present to Parliament draft papers and legislative proposals. It is located on Stephen the Great Boulevard formerly known as Lenin Boulevard, the architects were Alexander Cerdanțev and Grigore Bosenco. The building was damaged during civil unrest in 2009 and repairs were carried out in 2012 and 2013, Parliament moved back into the restored building in February 2014. Official page Parliamentary Elections in the Republic of Moldova
8.
Administrative divisions of Moldova
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The cities of Comrat and Tiraspol also have municipality status, but are not among first-tier units of Moldova, they are the seats of Gagauzia and Transnistria, respectively. Moldova has a total of 982 incorporated localities, of which 5 have municipality status,61 have city status and they cover the entire area of the country. Another 699 villages are too small to have a separate administration and this makes for a total of 1,681 localities of Moldova, all but two of which are inhabited. By contrast, the villages that are part of the other cities do not retain self-rule. The city of Dubăsari, and these six communes, all controlled by the central authorities, Bender municipality, and three communes of Căușeni District are de facto controlled by the breakaway regime of Transnistria. The city of Bender has both a Moldovan police force and a Transnistrian militsiya force, the smallest entity electing a mayor is the commune of Salcia, in Taraclia District. It consists of the village of Salcia, population 382, the largest entity is the municipality of Chișinău, electing a mayor for 712,218 inhabitants. The largest number of localities governed by a commune or city government in Moldova is 6. Village Ivanovca, commune Natalievca, Fălești District, population 19, on the opposite end, one commune, Cigârleni, Ialoveni District, population 2,411, and 42 villages of sub-commune level, have 100% Moldovan population. Modification 37-XV-14.02.2003 Modification 124-XV-18.03.2003 Moldovan Law 431-XIII from April 19,1995, Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova, no
9.
Politics of Moldova
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The politics of Moldova takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, wherein the prime minister heads the government, and of a multi-party system. Legislative power is vested in the Parliament, the judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The position of the region of Transnistria, relations with Romania and with Russia. The Moldovan Parliament has 101 members, elected for a term by proportional representation. The president is elected for a term by parliament. The seat of the legislature is simply as the Parliament Building. In the 2010 Parliamentary election, the Communists won 42 seats, while the Liberal-Democrats won 32, the Democratic Party won 15, and this gave the Alliance for European Integration 59 seats, two short of the 61 needed to elect a President. The result thus maintained the status quo following the constitutional deadlock. Observers from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the Council of Europe lauded the election, the president is elected by the Parliament for a four-year term. The cabinet is selected by prime minister-designate, subject to approval of parliament, the cabinet meets at Government House on Stephen the Great Boulevard in Central Chișinău. The underlying issue in The Republic of Moldova revolves around whether or not the country should reunite with Romania, with which it shares a common ethnicity, language, culture and history. Today Moldova is effectively bilingual, with a Romanian speaking majority, there is disagreement as to whether elections and politics in Moldova are carried out in a free and democratic climate on the part of certain organizations. Other critics have referred to the Communist Party government as being authoritarian. Nevertheless, George W. Bush stated that, We note and welcome Moldovas positive record since independence in conducting free and fair elections, there have also been reports of politically motivated arrests and arrests without valid legal grounds. Such arrests are allegedly carried out against opponents of the Communist Party government of President Vladimir Voronin, in one case which was criticized by various Western organizations and individuals, opposition politician Valeriu Pasat was sentenced to ten years imprisonment on dubious grounds. Moldova had successfully joined the World Trade Organization and the Southeast European Stability Pact in 2001, agreement in these areas was critical, because large government debts that were due in 2002 had to be rescheduled. The government has made concerted efforts to find ways to pay for Moldovas energy supplies, political parties and other groups publish newspapers, which often criticize government policies. There are several independent news services, radio stations, and an independent television station, peaceful assembly is allowed, though permits for demonstrations must be obtained, private organizations, including political parties, are required to register with the government
10.
Romanian language
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Romanian is a Romance language spoken by around 24 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language. It has official status in Romania and the Republic of Moldova and it is one of the official languages of the European Union and the Latin Union. Romanian is a part of the Balkan-Romance group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin separated from the Western Romance during the 5th–8th centuries. To distinguish it within that group in comparative linguistics it is called Daco-Romanian as opposed to its closest relatives, Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanian. Eastern Romance languages, like the branches of Romance languages, descend from Vulgar Latin. These vestiges of military usage are unique to Romanian in its language family. s. o, sat village, șes plain, a supune, tindă veranda, țară homeland a. s. o. This linguistic evidence challenges the Roeslerian theory, the vestiges from sermo castrensis particularize the Romanian language in the neolatin area, together with its isolated history. e. With Rom. māgurā and Alb. magulë etc, the Roman Empire withdrew from Dacia in 271–272 AD, leaving it to the Goths. The history of Eastern Romance between the 3rd century and the development of Proto-Romanian by the 10th century, when the area came under the influence of the Byzantine Empire, is unknown. It is a matter of debate whether Proto-Romanian developed among Romanized people who were left behind in Dacia by the Roman withdrawal or among Latin-speakers in the Balkans south of the Danube, during the Middle Ages, Romanian became influenced by the Slavic languages and to some degree by Greek. Romanian remains unattested throughout the Middle Ages, and only enters the record in the early 16th century. The use of the denomination Romanian for our language and use of the demonym Romanians for speakers of this language predates the foundation of the modern Romanian state. In 1534, Tranquillo Andronico notes, Valachi nunc se Romanos vocant, francesco della Valle writes in 1532 that Romanians are calling themselves Romans in their own language, and he subsequently quotes the expression, Știi Românește. After travelling through Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania Ferrante Capecci accounts in 1575 that the population of these regions call themselves românești. Pierre Lescalopier writes in 1574 that those who live in Moldavia, Wallachia, the Transylvanian Saxon Johann Lebel writes in 1542 that Vlachi se numeau între ei Romuini and the Polish chronicler Stanislaw Orzechowski notes in 1554 that în limba lor walachii se numesc romini. In Palia de la Orăștie stands written «, că văzum cum toate limbile au și înfluresc întru cuvintele slăvite a lui Dumnezeu numai noi românii pre limbă nu avem. și le-au dăruit voo fraților români. », nevertheless, the oldest extant document written in Romanian remains Neacșus letter and was written using Cyrillic letters. There are no records of any documents written in Romanian from before 1521
11.
European Union
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The European Union is a political and economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of 4,475,757 km2, the EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished, a monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency. The EU operates through a system of supranational and intergovernmental decision-making. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community, the community and its successors have grown in size by the accession of new member states and in power by the addition of policy areas to its remit. While no member state has left the EU or its antecedent organisations, the Maastricht Treaty established the European Union in 1993 and introduced European citizenship. The latest major amendment to the basis of the EU. The EU as a whole is the largest economy in the world, additionally,27 out of 28 EU countries have a very high Human Development Index, according to the United Nations Development Programme. In 2012, the EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the EU has developed a role in external relations and defence. The union maintains permanent diplomatic missions throughout the world and represents itself at the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G7, because of its global influence, the European Union has been described as an emerging superpower. After World War II, European integration was seen as an antidote to the nationalism which had devastated the continent. 1952 saw the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, the supporters of the Community included Alcide De Gasperi, Jean Monnet, Robert Schuman, and Paul-Henri Spaak. These men and others are credited as the Founding fathers of the European Union. In 1957, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany signed the Treaty of Rome and they also signed another pact creating the European Atomic Energy Community for co-operation in developing nuclear energy. Both treaties came into force in 1958, the EEC and Euratom were created separately from the ECSC, although they shared the same courts and the Common Assembly. The EEC was headed by Walter Hallstein and Euratom was headed by Louis Armand, Euratom was to integrate sectors in nuclear energy while the EEC would develop a customs union among members. During the 1960s, tensions began to show, with France seeking to limit supranational power, Jean Rey presided over the first merged Commission. In 1973, the Communities enlarged to include Denmark, Ireland, Norway had negotiated to join at the same time, but Norwegian voters rejected membership in a referendum
12.
Democratic Party of Moldova
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The Democratic Party of Moldova is a social-democratic political party in Moldova. The party is associated with its chief financial backer, the oligarch Vladimir Plahotniuc. It had grown out of the movement that supported independent candidate Petru Lucinschi in the 1996 presidential elections and it formed the basis of the For a Democratic and Prosperous Moldova alliance during the 1998 parliamentary election. In April 2000 the party was re-established under its current name, the PDM received 5% of the vote in the 2001 parliamentary election, but failed to win a seat. The party then joined the Democratic Moldova Electoral Bloc for the 2005 election, however, after the elections the three constituent parties Bloc split into separate parliamentary groups. The Social Liberal Party merged into the PDM on 10 February 2008, the April 2009 parliamentary election saw the party receive 3% of the vote and failed to win a seat. However, the PDM increased its share of the vote to 13% in the elections in July 2009. The PDM subsequently joined the ruling Alliance for European Integration coalition government alongside the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova, the Liberal Party and Our Moldova Alliance. In the 2010 parliamentary election, the PDM received 12. 7% of the vote and 15 seats, in the 2014 parliamentary election on 30 November 2014, the PDM received 15. 8% of the vote and 19 seats. On 18 February 2015, the PDM joined the Political Alliance for a European Moldova minority government led by Prime Minister Chiril Gaburici of the PLDM
13.
Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova
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The Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova is a pro-Russian socialist political party in Moldova. Between 2005 and 2011 it was known as the Party of Socialists of Moldova «Motherland», the PSRM was founded in 1997 by members of the Socialist Party of Moldova. The Founding Congress took place on 29 June 1997 in Chişinău, Veronica Abramciuc and Eduard Smirnov were elected as co-chairmen of the new party. In 2011, Igor Dodon, former member of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, joined the party, subsequently a Socialist Group, which included three former representatives of the PCRM, was set up in the Parliament. In the 2014 general election the party won the election with over 20% of the vote, the party remained in opposition, as two pro-EU center-right parties managed to form a minority cabinet with the external support of the PCRM. The PSRM participated in the Moldovan parliamentary elections in 1998 and 2001 without success, at the 2009 legislative elections in April and July and at the 2010 legislative election it supported the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova. Its leader, Veronica Abramciuc, was included in the PCRM candidates list
14.
Liberal Party (Moldova)
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The Liberal Party is a conservative-liberal political party in Moldova. The president of the party is Mihai Ghimpu and his nephew Dorin Chirtoacă is the current Mayor of Chișinău and vice-president of the Party. The party was established under the name Party of Reform in 1993 by Anatol Șalaru, in 1997 Mihai Ghimpu was elected chairman. Until April 2005, the party had a Christian democratic electoral platform, at the second party congress, held on 24 April 2005, party members adopted the new name Liberal Party, along with a new logo and programme, which presented a liberal political platform. Mihai Ghimpu was elected president of the party, the party competed in the April 2009 parliamentary election, obtaining 13. 13% of the vote and of 15 seats in parliament. At the parliamentary election of 2009 in July, the vote rose to 14. 68%. The party was included in the First Filat Cabinet, at the 2010 parliamentary election, the party obtained 9. 96% of the vote and 12 seats in parliament. The party remained in the Second Filat Cabinet, the European Action Movement merged into the party in March 2011. Under the leadership of Ghimpu, the party has altered its former Christian democratic orientation, on 25 January 2009, a Conference for the constitution of a Womens wing for the Liberal Party the Liberal Womens Organisation was held. The party also formed a wing the Young Liberals. The party has joined the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe as an observer member, in February 2013 the party suffered an internal split. On 12 April 2013 the Liberal Party Reform Council was launched, the members of this Council were called Liberal Reformers by the media. At the 2014 parliamentary election, the Liberal Party received 9. 7% of the vote, in the 2007 local elections the party gained 18. 31% in Chișinău municipality and 11 seats on the Chișinău Municipal Council. Its vice-president, Dorin Chirtoacă, became Mayor
15.
European People's Party of Moldova
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The European People’s Party of Moldova is a centre-right political party in Moldova. The party is led by Iurie Leancă, who was Prime Minister of Moldova from 2013 to 2015, for the duration of this premiership, Leancă was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova. The government of Moldova which emerged from coalition talks after the 2014 parliamentary election did not command a parliamentary majority, the PLDM, led by former Prime Minister Vlad Filat, conceded Leancăs departure from office to the PCRM as part of this arrangement. Besides Leancă, former deputy Prime Minister Eugen Carpov and Nicolae Juravschi are the partys other MPs, the party participated in the 2015 local election as the European People’s Platform Electoral Bloc — Iurie Leancă with the Liberal Reformist Party, Democratic Action and Democracy at Home. The party leadership has expressed opposition to Moldovas communist legacy and opposes even informal cooperation with communist parties, from this perspective anti-communism can be seen as party of the PPEMs platform
16.
Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova
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The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova is a communist party in Moldova, led by Vladimir Voronin. It is the only communist party to have held a majority in government in the post-Soviet states, the PCRM is part of the Party of the European Left. It is currently supporting the government of Moldova on a confidence. It does not have any ministers delegated in the Gaburici Cabinet, after the July 2009 parliamentary election, it was the leading opposition party to the Alliance For European Integration. The PCRM was registered as a party in 1994. The PCRM was part of the Popular Patriotic Forces Front at the time of the 1996 presidential election, in which Voronin stood as the candidate and won 10. 3% of the vote. The party supported Petru Lucinschi in the round of the election. In the March 1998 parliamentary election, the PCRM won 30. 1% of the vote and 40 seats, becoming the largest party in parliament, in its platform, it called for the rebirth of a socialist society. Despite its strong showing, the PCRM was left in opposition due to the formation of a coalition government, Alliance for Democracy. Although Lucinschi later nominated Voronin as Prime Minister of Moldova in late 1999, subsequently the PCRM received 49. 9% of the vote in the February 2001 parliamentary election, winning 71 out of the 101 seats in parliament. With a PCRM parliamentary majority, Voronin was elected as President by parliament in April 2001, the Constitutional Court ruled that the President could also lead a political party, and Voronin was re-elected as party leader. It was the political party in Moldova. It won the Moldovan parliamentary election,2005, and provided the President, Vladimir Voronin, the Prime Minister, Zinaida Greceanîi, under Voronin, it privatized several state-owned industries and governed in a multi-party fashion. It also favors European integration and eventual EU membership, after April 2009 election and the civil unrest, the climate in Moldova became very polarized. The parliament failed to elect a new president, for this reason, the parliament was dissolved and snap elections were held. At the July 29 polls the Communist Party received 44. 7% of the vote and that gave the former ruling party 48 MPs, and the remaining 53 seats in the 101-member chamber went to four opposition parties, Alliance For European Integration. While officially espousing a Leninist communist doctrine, there is debate over their policies, the party is strongly opposed to any unification of Romania and Moldova. For the current period of governance, the PCRM has outlined the goals for the country, A new quality of life, Economic modernisation
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Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova
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The Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova is a conservative political party in Moldova. The party is led by Vlad Filat, who was Prime Minister of Moldova from 2009 to 2013, the partys founding congress was held on 8 December 2007 and Vlad Filat was elected as president. Soon, a number of local branches of the Christian Democratic Popular Party, disappointed with Iurie Roscas policy of cooperation with the Communist Party of Moldova. The party attracted a number of prominent members of civil society. At its first election, in April 2009, PLDM won 15 seats, in November 2010, the PLDM jumped to 32 seats, becoming the dominant non-Communist party. The AIE was replaced by the Pro-European Coalition in 2013, when Iurie Leancă replaced Filat as Prime Minister, on October 8,2007, the initiative group composed of 53 leaders renowned in their fields, launched the idea of creating the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova. In their statements, the group members acknowledged the profound crisis in the Republic of Moldova. For two months, over 20,000 citizens from all districts of the submitted applications to join the Liberal Democratic Party. Organizations were created in all units of the second level in Chişinău, Bălţi, Tiraspol, Bender. The first founding Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova took place on December 8,2007 in Chişinău and it was attended by 592 delegates from 38 local organizations. The Congress approved the Program and Statute and elected the governing, the second Congress of the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova took place on September 27,2008, in Balti. It was attended by 547 delegates from local party organizations, the Liberal Democratic Teachers Association was formed within the party on September 13,2008 and on October 11,2008 – the Liberal Democratic Doctors and Pharmacists Association. Formation of socio-professional associations within the party is stipulated in the statute of the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova, the Founding Conference of the Youth Organization of the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova took place on November 15,2008. It was attended by 517 delegates from all country districts, the delegates at the conference approved the Regulation of the Youth Organization of the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova and elected the administration of the organization. The Conference approved the Green Charter for Youth - a programmatic document that includes solutions to key issues that people face. On December 27,2008, the Liberal Democratic Womens Organization was created within the PLDM, also, the Liberal Democratic Association of People active in the cultural field was created on January 31,2008 within the framework of the party. At the parliamentary elections of April 5,2009, PLDM obtained 12. 43% of the votes, at the early elections of July 29, PLDM gained 16. 57% of the votes and was represented in the Parliament by 18 deputies. Together with deputies from the LP, DPM and AMN, the Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova formed the new majority coalition in the Legislative - the Alliance for European Integration
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Christian-Democratic People's Party (Moldova)
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The Christian-Democratic Peoples Party is a Christian democratic political party in Moldova. The party was led by Iurie Roșca from 1994 until 2011, until 2005, the PPCD and the National Liberal Party were the main political organizations in the country supporting the unification of Moldova and Romania. The party has had poor results in all subsequent elections. Since April 2005, the PPCD has lost several deputies, mayors, councillors and members to the liberal-democratic parties, the PPCD was an informal coalition partner of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova from 2005–2009. It is the successor of the Democratic Movement of Moldova, Popular Front of Moldova, in March 2005, the party became an observer member of the European Peoples Party. The 2002 one-month suspension of activities was found to be in violation of its freedoms of assembly. Official website Election results at e-democracy. md
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Ecologist Green Party (Moldova)
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The Ecologist Green Party, formerly known as the Ecologist Party of Moldova Green Alliance is a green political party in Moldova. The party was established on April 9,1992, the Founding Congress adopted the program and bylaws and elected the governing bodies. Gheorghe Malarciuc was the first leader of the party, Green party Green politics List of environmental organizations Official website European Greens profile for the Ecologist Party Green Alliance of Moldova
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Labour Party (Moldova)
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The Labour Party is a minor political party in Moldova led by Gheorghe Sima. The party was established as the Labour Union on 25 September 1999, in 2001 the party joined the Braghiş Alliance, an electoral alliance set up by Prime Minister Dumitru Braghiș to contest the 2001 parliamentary elections. The Alliance won 19 seats in the elections, emerging as the second-largest faction in Parliament behind the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, prior to the 2005 parliamentary elections the party was renamed Labour Union Party Fatherland. It ran alone in the elections, but received only 0. 9% of the vote, the party also failed to win a seat in the 2007 local elections, and did not contest the two parliamentary elections in 2009. The party returned to run in the 2010 parliamentary elections, but received just 875 votes, however, it did win six seats in the 2011 local elections
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Liberal Reformist Party (Moldova)
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The Liberal Reformist Party is a political party in Moldova. Formed on 12 April 2013 as the Liberal Party Reform Council, the PLR is an observer affiliate of the Liberal International. On 21 June 2013 at Costeşti, Ialoveni took place General Meeting of the Liberal Party Reform Council, on 1 August 2013 in Chişinău took place the first meeting of the Council of Founding of the Liberal Reformist Party. The party failed to gain representation at the 2014 parliamentary election, Liberal Party Reform Council official website
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National Liberal Party (Moldova)
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The National Liberal Party of Moldova is a political party in Moldova. It was founded in 1993 and temporarily disappeared through political amalgamation in 2000, the party supports the Unification of Romania and Moldova and shares the visual identity and ideology of its sister party in Romania. Unlike the Romanian PNL which is once again dominant on the centre-right, in addition to support for political union with Romania, as an interim measure, the PNL supports EU and NATO membership for Moldova. PNL leaflet -1 PNL leaflet -1 Official website
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New Force Movement
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The New Force Social-Political Movement is a minor political party in Moldova led by Valeriu Pleşca. Registered on 28 May 1997, the party joined the For a Democratic, the alliance received 18% of the vote, winning 24 of the 101 seats and becoming the third-largest faction in Parliament. The MSPFN held one seat, taken by Pleşca and it formed the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms coalition together with Democratic Convention of Moldova and the Party of Democratic Forces, which was able to form a government led by Ion Ciubuc. The party contested the 1999 local elections as part of the Centrist Alliance, prior to the 2001 parliamentary elections the party joined the Braghiş Alliance. The Alliance won 19 seats, one of which was taken by the MSPFNs Pleşca
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Democratic Action Party (Moldova)
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The Democratic Action Party is a liberal political party in Moldova. The PAD was founded in 2011 by ex-member of the Liberal Democratic Party Mihai Godea, the party was founded as the social movement Alternative Democratic Platform. The Founding Congress took place on 6 November 2011 in Chişinău, Mihai Godea was elected as chairman of the new party
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Social Democratic Party (Moldova)
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The Social Democratic Party is an extra-parliamentary political party in Moldova, currently led by Victor Şelin. The party was founded on May 13,1990, when was known as the Social Democratic Party of Moldova, the Founding Conference elected Oazu Nantoi, Ion Negură, Alexandru Coşelev as the Party Co-chairpersons. Initially, the Social-Democratic Party of Moldova fought for the independence of the Moldovan SSR and that was the first party to promote the values of European social democracy in Moldova. At the third congress of the party, 25–26 February 1995, on the eve of 1996 presidential elections, Social Democrats were the only ones to openly support Petru Lucinschi. During 1996-1998, the party underwent some internal problems generated from within by controversial opinions on the party political course as well as from outside and this internal crisis culminated in 1998, when Gheorghe Sima group left the party. The old team headed by Oazu Nantoi took over the party leadership, Social-Democratic Party of Moldova was a member of the Socialist International. Incumbent Party Chairperson, Oazu Nantoi, attended in November 1999 the 21st Paris Congress of the Socialist International. At the seventh congress of the party,1 February 2004, Oazu Nantoi came with a proposition for Ion Muşuc to take over the party leadership, in 1999 Social Democrats insisted on Ion Muşuc candidacy for the position of Mayor of Chişinău. At the legislative elections on March 6th,2005, the party won 2. 9% of the popular vote, in December 2007 the party merged with the Social Democracy Party of former prime minister Dumitru Braghiș. Some representatives of the Centrist Union of Moldova joined the new party and they didnt agree with the decision of their leader, Mihai Petrache, to abandon the process of negotiation regarding the unification of social democrats that had started some months before. Braghis has become new leader of the merged party, Eduard Muşuc, who was the chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Moldova before the fusion congress, has become the new secretary general of the party. In June 2008 Eduard Muşuc formed a coalition with the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, the year before the partys president Braghis was heavily criticized by the same communists when he ran for mayor. Some party members saw this as betrayal and left the party for Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova, in February 2010, it was reported that approximately 11,000 members of the PSD defected to the rival centre-left Democratic Party of Moldova. Following the 12th party congress, on April 17,2010, the party took part in the 1994,1998,2001,2005, July 2009,2010 parliamentary elections, but didnt pass the threshold of representation
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Our Party (Moldova)
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Our Party, previously known as the Republican Peoples Party is a political party in Moldova. It was founded in 1999 as the Peasants Christian Democratic Party of Moldova, at the 2005 parliamentary election, the party won 1. 4% of the popular vote, but no seats. The 6th National Conference of the Peasants Christian Democratic Party of Moldova took place on 28 May 2005, the conference decided to change the name of the party to the Republican Peoples Party and adopted a new status and program. The party was in opposition to the Party of Communists, who governed until 2009, on 13 April 2014 a party congress took place, in which Nicolae Andronic ceded leadership to Renato Usatîi, and the party was renamed Our Party. On 10 June 2014 the Ministry of Justice of Moldova announced that it had not recognised this action. On 8 February 2015 the Congress of party was repeated and on 27 February 2015 the Ministry of Justice approved the modifications to the party program, status, the new name and new leader
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Alliance for Democracy and Reforms
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It is important that a former First Secretary of the Moldavian Communist Party, Petru Lucinschi, was the President of Moldova during the activity of The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms. The Alliance for Democracy and Reforms government was formed as a result of negotiations and was the first coalition government in the history of Moldova. ADR government included representatives of all political parties members of the coalition, the Alliance for Democracy and Reforms had three Prime Ministers. Foreign policy was marked by a duality of belonging to the CIS, the Christian Democratic Popular Front voted with the Communist Party for the dismissal of the Alliance government on November 9,1999. Their criticisms of the Alliance For European Integration is a good example, governments Take Hard Hits to Qualify for World Bank Loans
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Alliance for European Integration
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The Alliance for European Integration was the ruling coalition in Moldova from the July 2009 election until it lost a no confidence vote on February 13,2013. It was succeeded by the Pro-European Coalition, after the April 2009 election and the civil unrest, the climate in Moldova became very polarised. The parliament failed to elect a new president, for this reason, the parliament was dissolved and snap elections were held. The July 29 polls were won by the Communist Party with 44. 7% of the vote and that gave the former ruling party 48 MPs, and the remaining 53 seats in the 101-member chamber went to four opposition parties. 51 votes are needed to elect the speaker and prime minister, after the July 2009 elections, the alliance was formed by the following parties, Liberal Democratic Party, Liberal Party, Democratic Party, and Our Moldova Alliance. On August 8,2009, the four Moldovan parties agreed to create a coalition that pushed the Communist party into opposition. The name of the coalition is the Alliance for European Integration, on 25 September 2009, the Alliance for European Integration has voted a pro-European government. After the 2010 elections, the alliance increased its majority from 53 seats to 59 seats, although the Our Moldova Alliance did not return to parliament, the leaders of the three remaining parties of the alliance pledged signed a new coalition agreement on 30 December 2010. The new cabinet was installed on 14 January 2011, when a vote took place in parliament. The leaders of the four parties – Vlad Filat, Mihai Ghimpu, Marian Lupu, the coalition said it wants an association agreement with the European Union. Also, the coalition said it wants strategic relations with both Russia and the United States, in a press conference on October 21,2009, Iurie Leancă announced that official negotiations on the association agreement Moldova-EU will start on January 12,2010. Commission for constitutional reform in Moldova is a commission instituted on December 1,2009 by acting President Ghimpu to adopt a new version of the Constitution of Moldova. The first session of Moldovas parliament has been scheduled for August 28, on August 28,2009, Mihai Ghimpu was elected as the Speaker of the Moldovan Parliament, through secret voting, getting all 53 votes of the Alliance For European Integration. Mihai Ghimpu on August 28,2009, I thank my colleagues for their trust, I hope that while in this post I will cooperate for a free press, independent legal system, and a state of law of which all the Moldovan citizens will be proud. Constitutional Court of Moldova confirmed the legitimacy of Mihai Ghimpus position as acting president, in the same day, Ghimpu signed a decree nominating Filat for the office of prime minister. The Alliance cabinet of Vlad Filat took office after winning the approval of parliament on September 25,2009, Filat said that his first official visit as premier will be made to Brussels. He added that the agenda of the first official meetings will include visits to Paris, Berlin, Bucharest, on September 11,2009, Mihai Ghimpu became the acting president of Moldova. The interim position was possible following the resignation of Moldovan President, Vladimir Voronin, one of the goals of the Alliance is to elect the new president
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Pro-European Coalition
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The Pro-European Coalition was the ruling coalition in Moldova from 30 May 2013 until 18 February 2015. Its leaders were Vlad Filat, Marian Lupu, and Ion Hadârcă, the previous Alliance for European Integration collapsed after it lost a no confidence vote on March 5,2013. It was succeeded by the Political Alliance for a European Moldova, leancă Cabinet - list of coalition ministers. The agreement Pro European Coalition set up was made public
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Political Alliance for a European Moldova
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The Political Alliance for a European Moldova was the pro-European governing coalition in Moldova from 18 February to 24 July 2015. On 24 July 2015 the Liberal Party joined a new majority coalition and its leaders were Chiril Gaburici, Vlad Filat and Marian Lupu. the Alliance was a minority coalition that from its outset relied on parliamentary support from the Moldovan Communist Party. On 22 June 2015 Gaburici resigned as Prime Minister due to an investigation into the veracity of his educational qualifications and he was replaced on an interim basis by Foreign Minister Natalia Gherman, also of the PLDM. On 24 July 2015 it was announced that Liberal Party would join a new majority coalition, Gaburici Cabinet - list of coalition ministers
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National Moldavian Party
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The National Moldavian Party was a political party in Bessarabia. Prior to 1917, Bessarabian intelligentsia was divided between noblemen, conservatives, democrats, and socialists, Vasile Stroescu, a rich but very modest filantop boyar, managed to persuade all major factions to leave internal fights and at four day meeting the National Moldavian Party was created. In April 1917 the party leadership was elected and it was headed by Vasile Stroescu, having among its members Paul Gore, Vladimir Herţa, Pan Halippa, Onisifor Ghibu. Botezat, Alexandru Groapă, Ion Codreanu, Vasile Gafencu, the party, which demanded autonomy, had a newspaper called Cuvânt moldovenesc, to which some refugees from Bukovina and Transylvania also contributed. The cornerstone of the National Moldavian Party program was to obtain political, administrative, church, school and they did not hesitate to send members of the respective profession to the various congresses held in Bessarabia throughout 1917, and became very influential. The party was remplaced by the Bessarabian Peasants Party, founded in Chişinău on 23 August 1918
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Bessarabian Peasants' Party
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The Bessarabian Peasants Party or Moldavian National Democratic Party was an agrarian political party, active in the Kingdom of Romania and, more specifically, the region of Bessarabia. Comprising various pro-Romanian and regionalist factions that had existed within the Moldavian Democratic Republic, it was brought together by shared opposition to Bolshevik Russia and communism. The PȚB, founded in August 1918, was led by Pan Halippa and Ion Inculeț, originally representing, respectively, its right and left wings, Ion Pelivan was the co-chair. It was therefore co-opted by the Parliamentary Bloc, formed around the Romanian National Party, although losing several of its chapters before the 1920 elections, it still won Bessarabia by a significant margin, openly embracing the cause of decentralization and regional autonomy. Rallied with the opposition by 1921, the PȚB was effectively split over merging with Ion Mihalaches Peasants Party. Halippa supported such a fusion, and took his supporters out of the PȚB, Inculeț reclaimed for himself the party leadership, marginally defeating Halippa and Stere in the election of 1922, the PȚB was again co-opted into government. Inculeț and his supporters entered the National Liberal Party in early 1923, the PȚB was officially founded in Chișinău on August 23,1918, some months after Bessarabias union with Romania. It was the fusion of two groups that has existed in the Moldavian Democratic Republic. Many cadres, including Halippa, had belonged to the Moldavian Bloc, which represented Romanian nationalism faction within Sfatul Țării, the Bloc itself was a relic of the National Moldavian Party, which had existed after the February Revolution—when Bessarabia was still part of the Russian Republic. On its left, the PȚB also incorporated ethnic Romanians who had caucused with Sfatul Țăriis Peasant Faction, the latters notable members were Inculeț, Pantelimon Erhan, and Vladimir Tsyganko. References to a Bessarabian Peasants Party date back to the era before World War I, a faction of that name existed in the Russian State Duma after the 1907 election. Centered on Dionisy Gulikin, it campaigned for the recognition of Romanian as a language of Russia. The same title was used in common parlance for the Peasants Faction of Sfatul Țării. Various Peasant Faction affiliates, like other future PȚB cadres, had belonged to left-wing parties in Russia, Inculeț and Daniel Ciugureanu had been Esers, and had for long maintained links with the Russian Provisional Government. More to the left, Ion Buzdugan and Gherman Pântea had caucused with the Bolsheviks, in November 1917, almost a year before the PȚBs formal registration, a party of the same name had participated in the ill-fated election for the Constituent Assembly. Its list included, among others, Inculeț, Pântea, and Halippa. The results would have allowed the party to hold 5 of the 13 Bessarabian deputy seats, as many as the local Esers, in contrast, during the same month, Inculeț was elected the Moldavian Republics President by his colleagues in Sfatul. Inculeț defended himself against such charges, in his account, he had merely passed himself off for a revolutionary, in hopes of dissuading radicals from toppling his government, and hide his sentiments
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Democratic Agrarian Party
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The Democratic Agrarian Party was a clandestine political party in the Moldovan SSR. The leader of the Democratic Agrarian Party was Vasile Odobescu, during the Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, his family was deported from Bessarabia. In 1953, Vasile Odobescu was sentenced to death and Ilarion Tautu, list of political parties in Moldova Raportul Comisiei Cojocaru Drama Basarabiei Preluarea puterii şi instaurarea dictaturii comuniste Raportul privind crimele comunismului in Basarabia
