1.
Beaumont, Texas
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Beaumont is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Texas in the United States, within the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area. Beaumont was founded as a town in 1835 by Northerners, the early European-American settlement had an economy based on the development of lumber, farming, and port industries. Rice became an important commodity crop in Texas, and is now cultivated in 23 counties, a big change occurred in 1901 with the Spindletop gusher, which demonstrated the potential of the huge oil field. With Spindletop, several companies developed in Beaumont, and some continue. The area rapidly developed as one of the major petro-chemical refining areas in the country, along with Port Arthur and Orange, Beaumont forms the Golden Triangle, a major industrial area on the Texas Gulf Coast. Beaumont is home of Lamar University, a national Carnegie Doctoral Research university with 14,966 students, including undergraduates and post graduates. Over the years, several corporations have been based in this city, gSUs Edison Plaza headquarters is still the tallest building in Beaumont. In 1824 Noah and Nancy Tevis settled on the west bank of the Neches River, soon after that, a small community grew up around the farm, which was named Tevis Bluff or Neches River Settlement. They began planning a town to be out on this land. Their partnership, J. P. Pulsifer and Company, controlled the first 50 acres upon which the town was founded and this town was named Beaumont, after Jefferson Beaumont, the brother-in-law of Henry Millard. They added more property for a total of 200 acres, Beaumont became a town on 16 December 1838. Beaumonts first mayor was Alexander Calder, from the towns founding in 1835, business activities included real estate, transportation, and retail sales. Later, other businesses were formed, especially in construction and operation, new building construction, lumber sales. The Port of Beaumont became a regional shipping center. Beaumont was a center for cattle raisers and farmers in its early years. With an active riverport by the 1880s, it became an important lumber and it exported rice as a commodity crop. The Beaumont Rice Mill, founded in 1892 by Joseph Eloi Broussard, was the first commercially successful rice mill in Texas, in addition, Broussard founded a company to operate an irrigation system to support rice culture. This helped stimulate the expansion of cultivation from 1500 acres in 1892 to 400,000 acres in 23 counties by his death in 1956
2.
Jefferson County, Texas
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Jefferson County is a county located in the Coastal Plain or Gulf Prairie region of Southeast Texas in the United States. The Neches River forms its northeast boundary, as of the 2010 census, the population was 252,273. The 2015 United States Census estimate is 254,308, the county seat of Jefferson County is Beaumont. The county was established in 1835 as a municipality of Mexico, because the area was lightly settled, the Mexican government allowed European Americans from the United States to settle here if they pledged loyalty to Mexico. This was organized as a county in 1837 after Texas achieved independence as a republic and it was named by European-American settlers for U. S. president Thomas Jefferson. Texas later became part of the US, Jefferson County is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area and has the highest population of the four-county MSA. It has three state correctional facilities and a federal high-security prison in unincorporated areas of the county, together they have a maximum capacity for nearly 9,000 prisoners. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,113 square miles. Jefferson County is located on the plains of the Texas Gulf Coast in the part of the state. The county is bounded on the north by Pine Island Bayou, on the northeast by the Neches River, and on the east by Sabine Lake and the mouth of the Sabine River, a natural outlet called Sabine Pass. The southern part of the county is marshland, much of which is contained within Sea Rim State Park. The population density was 279 people per square mile, there were 102,080 housing units at an average density of 113 per square mile. 10. 53% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,8. 3% were of American,7. 2% French,6. 2% German,5. 8% English and 5. 3% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000. 27. 30% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.12. In the county, the population was out with 25. 90% under the age of 18,10. 00% from 18 to 24,29. 30% from 25 to 44,21. 10% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 101.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $34,706, and the median income for a family was $42,290. Males had an income of $36,719 versus $23,924 for females
3.
Texas
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Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Other major cities include Austin, the second most populous state capital in the U. S. Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State to signify its former status as an independent republic, and as a reminder of the states struggle for independence from Mexico. The Lone Star can be found on the Texan state flag, the origin of Texass name is from the word Tejas, which means friends in the Caddo language. Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault, although Texas is popularly associated with the U. S. southwestern deserts, less than 10 percent of Texas land area is desert. Most of the centers are located in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests. Traveling from east to west, one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods, to rolling plains and rugged hills, the term six flags over Texas refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory. Spain was the first European country to claim the area of Texas, Mexico controlled the territory until 1836 when Texas won its independence, becoming an independent Republic. In 1845, Texas joined the United States as the 28th state, the states annexation set off a chain of events that caused the Mexican–American War in 1846. A slave state before the American Civil War, Texas declared its secession from the U. S. in early 1861, after the Civil War and the restoration of its representation in the federal government, Texas entered a long period of economic stagnation. One Texan industry that thrived after the Civil War was cattle, due to its long history as a center of the industry, Texas is associated with the image of the cowboy. The states economic fortunes changed in the early 20th century, when oil discoveries initiated a boom in the state. With strong investments in universities, Texas developed a diversified economy, as of 2010 it shares the top of the list of the most Fortune 500 companies with California at 57. With a growing base of industry, the leads in many industries, including agriculture, petrochemicals, energy, computers and electronics, aerospace. Texas has led the nation in export revenue since 2002 and has the second-highest gross state product. The name Texas, based on the Caddo word tejas meaning friends or allies, was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, during Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas, La Provincia de Texas. Texas is the second largest U. S. state, behind Alaska, though 10 percent larger than France and almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. If it were an independent country, Texas would be the 40th largest behind Chile, Texas is in the south central part of the United States of America. Three of its borders are defined by rivers, the Rio Grande forms a natural border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south
4.
New Orleans
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New Orleans is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city was 343,829 as of the 2010 U. S. Census, the New Orleans metropolitan area had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,452,502. The city is named after the Duke of Orleans, who reigned as Regent for Louis XV from 1715 to 1723, as it was established by French colonists and it is well known for its distinct French and Spanish Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music, and its celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The city is referred to as the most unique in the United States. New Orleans is located in southeastern Louisiana, straddling the Mississippi River, the city and Orleans Parish are coterminous. The city and parish are bounded by the parishes of St. Tammany to the north, St. Bernard to the east, Plaquemines to the south, and Jefferson to the south and west. Lake Pontchartrain, part of which is included in the city limits, lies to the north, before Hurricane Katrina, Orleans Parish was the most populous parish in Louisiana. As of 2015, it ranks third in population, trailing neighboring Jefferson Parish, La Nouvelle-Orléans was founded May 7,1718, by the French Mississippi Company, under the direction of Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, on land inhabited by the Chitimacha. It was named for Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, who was Regent of the Kingdom of France at the time and his title came from the French city of Orléans. The French colony was ceded to the Spanish Empire in the Treaty of Paris, during the American Revolutionary War, New Orleans was an important port for smuggling aid to the rebels, transporting military equipment and supplies up the Mississippi River. Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez successfully launched a campaign against the British from the city in 1779. New Orleans remained under Spanish control until 1803, when it reverted briefly to French oversight, nearly all of the surviving 18th-century architecture of the Vieux Carré dates from the Spanish period, the most notable exception being the Old Ursuline Convent. Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, thereafter, the city grew rapidly with influxes of Americans, French, Creoles, and Africans. Later immigrants were Irish, Germans, and Italians, Major commodity crops of sugar and cotton were cultivated with slave labor on large plantations outside the city. The Haitian Revolution ended in 1804 and established the republic in the Western Hemisphere. It had occurred several years in what was then the French colony of Saint-Domingue
5.
Louisiana
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Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Louisiana is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States and its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the state in the U. S. with political subdivisions termed parishes. The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana is bordered by Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, Texas to the west, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. Much of the lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh. These contain a rich southern biota, typical examples include birds such as ibis, there are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a process in the landscape. These support a large number of plant species, including many species of orchids. Louisiana has more Native American tribes than any other state, including four that are federally recognized, ten that are state recognized. Before the American purchase of the territory in 1803, the current Louisiana State had been both a French colony and for a period, a Spanish one. In addition, colonists imported numerous African people as slaves in the 18th century, many came from peoples of the same region of West Africa, thus concentrating their culture. Louisiana was named after Louis XIV, King of France from 1643 to 1715, when René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle claimed the territory drained by the Mississippi River for France, he named it La Louisiane. The suffix -ana is a Latin suffix that can refer to information relating to an individual, subject. Thus, roughly, Louis + ana carries the idea of related to Louis, the Gulf of Mexico did not exist 250 million years ago when there was but one supercontinent, Pangea. As Pangea split apart, the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico opened, Louisiana slowly developed, over millions of years, from water into land, and from north to south. The oldest rocks are exposed in the north, in such as the Kisatchie National Forest. The oldest rocks date back to the early Tertiary Era, some 60 million years ago, the history of the formation of these rocks can be found in D. Spearings Roadside Geology of Louisiana. The sediments were carried north to south by the Mississippi River
6.
Marion County, Mississippi
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Marion County is a county located in the U. S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, the population was 27,088, Marion County is named for American Revolutionary War guerrilla leader Francis Marion. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 549 square miles. The population density was 47 people per square mile, there were 10,395 housing units at an average density of 19 per square mile. 0. 62% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 20% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the family size was 3.13. In the county, the population was out with 27. 80% under the age of 18,9. 50% from 18 to 24,26. 90% from 25 to 44,21. 50% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 93.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.80 males, the median income for a household in the county was $24,555, and the median income for a family was $29,894. Males had an income of $26,909 versus $17,192 for females. The per capita income for the county was $12,301, about 20. 70% of families and 24. 80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32. 60% of those under age 18 and 23. 00% of those aged 65 or over. The Mississippi Department of Human Servicess Division of Youth Services operated the Columbia Training School in unincorporated Marion County, Columbia Foxworth Earl W. Bascom, Father of Modern Rodeo and Hall of Fame cowboy, produced Marion Countys first rodeo in 1935 Charles C
7.
Mississippi
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Mississippi /ˌmɪsᵻˈsɪpi/ is a state in the southern region of the United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico. Its western border is formed by the Mississippi River, the state has a population of approximately 3 million. It is the 32nd most extensive and the 32nd most populous of the 50 United States, located in the center of the state, Jackson is the state capital and largest city, with a population of approximately 175,000 people. The state is heavily forested outside of the Mississippi Delta area, before the American Civil War, most development in the state was along riverfronts, where slaves worked on cotton plantations. After the war, the bottomlands to the interior were cleared, by the end of the 19th century, African Americans made up two-thirds of the Deltas property owners, but timber and railroad companies acquired much of the land after a financial crisis. Clearing altered the Deltas ecology, increasing the severity of flooding along the Mississippi, much land is now held by agribusinesses. The states catfish aquaculture farms produce the majority of farm-raised catfish consumed in the United States, since the 1930s and the Great Migration, Mississippi has been majority white, albeit with the highest percentage of black residents of any U. S. state. From the early 19th century to the 1930s, its residents were mostly black, whites retained political power through Jim Crow laws. In 2010, 37% of Mississippians were African Americans, the highest percentage of African Americans in any U. S. state, since gaining enforcement of their voting franchise in the late 1960s, most African Americans support Democratic candidates in local, state and national elections. Conservative whites have shifted to the Republican Party, African Americans are a majority in many counties of the Mississippi-Yazoo Delta, an area of historic settlement during the plantation era. Since 2011 Mississippi has been ranked as the most religious state in the country, the states name is derived from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary. Settlers named it after the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi, in addition to its namesake, major rivers in Mississippi include the Big Black River, the Pearl River, the Yazoo River, the Pascagoula River, and the Tombigbee River. Major lakes include Ross Barnett Reservoir, Arkabutla Lake, Sardis Lake, Mississippi is entirely composed of lowlands, the highest point being Woodall Mountain, in the foothills of the Cumberland Mountains,807 feet above sea level. The lowest point is sea level at the Gulf coast, the states mean elevation is 300 feet above sea level. Most of Mississippi is part of the East Gulf Coastal Plain, the coastal plain is generally composed of low hills, such as the Pine Hills in the south and the North Central Hills. The Pontotoc Ridge and the Fall Line Hills in the northeast have somewhat higher elevations, yellow-brown loess soil is found in the western parts of the state. The northeast is a region of black earth that extends into the Alabama Black Belt. The coastline includes large bays at Bay St. Louis, Biloxi, the northwest remainder of the state consists of the Mississippi Delta, a section of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain
8.
The Kinkaid School
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The Kinkaid School is a PK-12 non-sectarian school in Piney Point Village, Texas, United States in Greater Houston. The Kinkaid School is the oldest independent coeducational school in Greater Houston, the student body is divided into the Lower School, the Middle School and the Upper School. The school motto is, Lux per Scientiam meaning, Light through Knowledge, the School colors are purple and gold, and the school mascot is the falcon. The school is accredited by the Independent Schools Association of the Southwest, the current headmaster is Andrew D. Martire, who succeeded Donald C. The current chairman of the Board of Trustees is Dr. Linda B, a feature of Kinkaids Upper School is its Interim Term, which provides three weeks in January for teacher-designed and student-selected curricula. Students may also go on international trips sponsored by the school, such as tours of China, Italy and Greece, homestays in Mexico and France are also possibilities. Finally, the School provides connections with companies throughout the greater Houston area and, if the students prefer, throughout the world, Kinkaid sports teams compete in the Southwest Preparatory Conference of the Independent Schools Association in the Southwest. A big alumni event is the Kinkaid vs. St. Johns School football game played each year at Rice Stadium, Kinkaid offers multiple sports per each sports season. In the fall they offer football, cross country, volleyball, cheerleading, in the winter they offer soccer, basketball, wrestling and swimming. In the spring they offer lacrosse, baseball, softball, track & field, tennis, the School was founded in 1906 by Margaret Hunter Kinkaid. When the school was first established, it was located in the room of Kinkaids house. Tuition at the school ranged from $90.00 per year for first, tuition for the 2016-2017 will be $20,500 for Pre-K through Grade 4, $23,720 for Grades 5 through 8 and $25,000 for Grades 9 through 12. Books, lunch and a one-time $1000 new student fee are not included, Kinkaids current school song, Kinkaid, My Own Kinkaid, was written by Charlotte Williams Darby and Elizabeth Law, sixth-grade Kinkaid students, and was adopted by Mrs. Kinkaid for the school in 1921. It is set to the melody of O Tannenbaum, the Schools second location was at the intersection of Richmond and Graustark in the Neartown neighborhood. The School moved to location in the fall of 1924. The School had its first Open House that year to celebrate the new facility, Kinkaid also added its upper school program beginning in the late 1920s. After more than thirty years, the school outgrew its campus and was forced to look for a new location. After considering locations in Afton Oaks and other areas, the decided to buy a parcel of land in Piney Point Village
9.
Louisiana State University
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Louisiana State University is a public coeducational university located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The university was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville, Louisiana, LSU is the flagship institution of the Louisiana State University System. In 2015, the university enrolled over 26,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 graduate students in 14 schools, several of LSUs graduate schools, such as the E. J. Ourso College of Business and the Paul M. Hebert Law Center, have received recognition in their respective fields of study. LSUs athletics department fields teams in 21 varsity sports, and is a member of the NCAA, the university is represented by its mascot, Mike the Tiger. Louisiana State University Agricultural & Mechanical College had its origin in land grants made by the United States government in 1806,1811. It was founded as an academy and is still today steeped in military tradition. In 1853, the Louisiana General Assembly established the Seminary of Learning of the State of Louisiana near Pineville in Rapides Parish in Central Louisiana. Modeled initially after Virginia Military Institute, the institution opened with five professors and nineteen cadets on January 2,1860, the original location of the Old LSU Site is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. On January 26,1861, after only a year at the helm, the school closed on June 30,1861, with the start of the American Civil War. During the course of the war, the university reopened briefly in April 1863, the losses sustained by the institution during the Union occupation were heavy, and after 1863 the seminary remained closed for the remainder of the Civil War. Following the surrender of the Confederates at Appomattox Court House on April 9,1865 and these cannons had been captured from Confederate forces after the close of the war and had been used during the initial firing upon Fort Sumter in April 1861. The cannons are still displayed in front of LSUs Military Science/Aerospace Studies Building, the seminary officially reopened its doors on October 2,1865, only to be burned October 15,1869. On November 1,1869, the institution resumed its exercises in Baton Rouge, in 1870, the name of the institution was officially changed to Louisiana State University. It temporarily opened in New Orleans, June 1,1874 and this prompted the final name change for the university to the Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College. On June 7,1925, Oscar B, turner, a professor of agronomy, was murdered by an axe-wielding assailant on campus. On April 30,1926, the present LSU campus was formally dedicated, prior to this, LSU utilized the quarters of the Institute for the Deaf, Mute, and Blind. Land for the present campus was purchased in 1918, construction started in 1922, the campus was originally designed for 3000 students, but was cut back due to budget problems
10.
Petroleum
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Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earths surface, which is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation and it consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. The name petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock, Petroleum has mostly been recovered by oil drilling. Drilling is carried out studies of structural geology, sedimentary basin analysis. Petroleum is used in manufacturing a variety of materials. Concern over the depletion of the earths finite reserves of oil, the burning of fossil fuels plays the major role in the current episode of global warming. The word petroleum comes from Greek, πέτρα for rocks and Greek, the term was found in 10th-century Old English sources. It was used in the treatise De Natura Fossilium, published in 1546 by the German mineralogist Georg Bauer, Petroleum, in one form or another, has been used since ancient times, and is now important across society, including in economy, politics and technology. Great quantities of it were found on the banks of the river Issus, ancient Persian tablets indicate the medicinal and lighting uses of petroleum in the upper levels of their society. By 347 AD, oil was produced from bamboo-drilled wells in China, early British explorers to Myanmar documented a flourishing oil extraction industry based in Yenangyaung that, in 1795, had hundreds of hand-dug wells under production. The mythological origins of the oil fields at Yenangyaung, and its hereditary monopoly control by 24 families, Pechelbronn is said to be the first European site where petroleum has been explored and used. The still active Erdpechquelle, a spring where petroleum appears mixed with water has been used since 1498, Oil sands have been mined since the 18th century. In Wietze in lower Saxony, natural asphalt/bitumen has been explored since the 18th century, both in Pechelbronn as in Wietze, the coal industry dominated the petroleum technologies. In 1848 Young set up a small business refining the crude oil, Young eventually succeeded, by distilling cannel coal at a low heat, in creating a fluid resembling petroleum, which when treated in the same way as the seep oil gave similar products. The production of oils and solid paraffin wax from coal formed the subject of his patent dated 17 October 1850. In 1850 Young & Meldrum and Edward William Binney entered into partnership under the title of E. W. Binney & Co. at Bathgate in West Lothian, the worlds first oil refinery was built in 1856 by Ignacy Łukasiewicz. The demand for petroleum as a fuel for lighting in North America, edwin Drakes 1859 well near Titusville, Pennsylvania, is popularly considered the first modern well
11.
Business
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A business is an organizational entity involved in the provision of goods and services to consumers. Businesses may also be social non-profit enterprises or state-owned public enterprises operated by governments with specific social, a business owned by multiple private individuals may form as an incorporated company or jointly organise as a partnership. Countries have different laws that may ascribe different rights to the business entities. The word business can refer to an organization or to an entire market sector or to the sum of all economic activity. Compound forms such as agribusiness represent subsets of the broader meaning. Businesses aim to maximize sales to have their income exceed their expenditures, resulting in a profit, the owner operates the business alone and may hire employees. A sole proprietor has unlimited liability for all obligations incurred by the business, partnership, A partnership is a business owned by two or more people. In most forms of partnerships, each partner has unlimited liability for the debts incurred by the business, the three most prevalent types of for-profit partnerships are, general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited liability partnerships. Corporation, The owners of a corporation have limited liability and the business has a legal personality from its owners. Corporations can be either government-owned or privately owned and they can organize either for profit or as nonprofit organizations. A privately owned, for-profit corporation is owned by its shareholders, a privately owned, for-profit corporation can be either privately held by a small group of individuals, or publicly held, with publicly traded shares listed on a stock exchange. Cooperative, Often referred to as a co-op, a cooperative is a limited-liability business that can organize as for-profit or not-for-profit, a cooperative differs from a corporation in that it has members, not shareholders, and they share decision-making authority. Cooperatives are typically classified as either consumer cooperatives or worker cooperatives, cooperatives are fundamental to the ideology of economic democracy. In contrast, unincorporated businesses or persons working on their own are not as protected. Franchises, A franchise is a system in which entrepreneurs purchase the rights to open, franchising in the United States is widespread and is a major economic powerhouse. One out of retail businesses in the United States are franchised and 8 million people are employed in a franchised business. Real estate businesses sell, invest, construct and develop properties – including land, residential homes, retailers, wholesalers, and distributors act as middlemen and get goods produced by manufacturers to the intended consumers, they make their profits by marking up their prices. Most stores and catalog companies are distributors or retailers, transportation businesses such as railways, airlines, shipping companies that deliver goods and individuals to their destinations for a fee
12.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
13.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
14.
Houston
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Houston is the most populous city in the state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 square miles, it also is the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County. Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land. Houston was founded on August 28,1836, near the banks of Buffalo Bayou and incorporated as a city on June 5,1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded, the burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the citys population. Houstons economy has an industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics. Leading in health care sectors and building equipment, Houston has more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits than any city except for New York City. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled, the city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has a visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District. In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs from New York, Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen, purchased 6,642 acres of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the general at the Battle of San Jacinto. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the slave trade. New Orleans was the center of trade in the Deep South. Thousands of enslaved African Americans lived near the city before the Civil War, many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. Houston was granted incorporation on June 5,1837, with James S. Holman becoming its first mayor, in the same year, Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County and the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas
15.
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Baton Rouge is the capital of the U. S. state of Louisiana and its second-largest city. It forms the seat of East Baton Rouge Parish and is located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River. As the Capital City, Baton Rouge is the hub for Louisiana. The metropolitan area surrounding the city, known as Greater Baton Rouge, is also the second-largest in Louisiana, the urban area has around 594,309 inhabitants. Baton Rouge is an industrial, petrochemical, medical, research, motion picture. The Port of Greater Baton Rouge is the tenth largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped, the Baton Rouge area owes its historical importance to its strategic site upon the Istrouma Bluff, the first natural bluff upriver from the Mississippi River Delta. This allowed development of a business quarter safe from seasonal flooding, in addition, the city built a levee system stretching from the bluff southward to protect the riverfront and low-lying agricultural areas. The city is a rich center, with settlement by immigrants from numerous European nations. It was ruled by seven different governments, French, British, and Spanish in the era, West Floridian, United States territory and state, Confederate. Human habitation in the Baton Rouge area has been dated to 12000 –6500 BC based on evidence found along the Mississippi, Comite, earthwork mounds were built by hunter-gatherer societies in the Middle Archaic period, from roughly the 4th millennium BC. Eastern Muskogean began to diversify internally in the first half of the 1st millennium AD, at the time, the region appeared to be occupied by a collection of moderately-sized native chiefdoms interspersed with autonomous villages and tribal groups. French explorer Sieur dIberville led a party up the Mississippi River in 1699. The explorers saw a red pole marking the boundary between the Houma and Bayogoula tribal hunting grounds, see also Red Sticks for the ceremonial use of red sticks among the Muscogee. The location of the red pole was presumably at Scotts Bluff and it was reportedly a 30-foot-high painted pole adorned with fish bones. The settlement of Baton Rouge by Europeans began in 1721 when a military post was established by French colonists. Since European settlement, Baton Rouge has been governed by France, Britain, Spain, Louisiana, the Republic of West Florida, the Confederate States, and the United States. In 1755, when French-speaking settlers of Acadia in Canadas Maritime provinces were driven into exile by British forces, popularly known as Cajuns, the descendants of the Acadians maintained a separate culture. During the first half of the 19th century, the city grew steadily as the result of steamboat trade, Baton Rouge was incorporated in 1817
16.
United States Marine Corps
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The U. S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U. S. Department of Defense and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the military officer in the U. S. Armed Forces, is a Marine Corps general, the Marine Corps has been a component of the U. S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834, working closely with naval forces for training, transportation, and logistics. The USMC operates posts on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world, two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting for independence both at sea and on shore. The role of the Corps has since grown and evolved, expanding to aerial warfare and earning popular titles such as, Americas third air force, and, second land army. By the mid-20th century, the U. S. Marine Corps had become a major theorist of and its ability to rapidly respond on short notice to expeditionary crises gives it a strong role in the implementation and execution of American foreign policy. As of 2016, the USMC has around 182,000 active duty members and it is the smallest of the U. S. The USMC serves as an expeditionary force-in-readiness and this last clause, while seemingly redundant given the Presidents position as Commander-in-chief, is a codification of the expeditionary responsibilities of the Marine Corps. It derives from similar language in the Congressional acts For the Better Organization of the Marine Corps of 1834, in 1951, the House of Representatives Armed Services Committee called the clause one of the most important statutory – and traditional – functions of the Marine Corps. In addition to its duties, the Marine Corps conducts Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure operations, as well as missions in direct support of the White House. The Marine Band, dubbed the Presidents Own by Thomas Jefferson, Marines from Ceremonial Companies A & B, quartered in Marine Barracks, Washington, D. C. The Executive Flight Detachment also provides transport to Cabinet members. The relationship between the Department of State and the U. S. Marine Corps is nearly as old as the corps itself, for over 200 years, Marines have served at the request of various Secretaries of State. After World War II, an alert, disciplined force was needed to protect American embassies, consulates, in 1947, a proposal was made that the Department of War furnish Marine Corps personnel for Foreign Service guard duty under the provisions of the Foreign Service Act of 1946. A formal Memorandum of Agreement was signed between the Department of State and the Secretary of the Navy on December 15,1948, during the first year of the MSG program,36 detachments were deployed worldwide. Continental Marines manned raiding parties, both at sea and ashore, the Advanced Base Doctrine of the early 20th century codified their combat duties ashore, outlining the use of Marines in the seizure of bases and other duties on land to support naval campaigns. Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, Marine detachments served aboard Navy cruisers, battleships, Marine detachments served in their traditional duties as a ships landing force, manning the ships weapons and providing shipboard security. Marines would develop tactics and techniques of amphibious assault on defended coastlines in time for use in World War II, during World War II, Marines continued to serve on capital ships
17.
Petroleum engineering
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For petroleum refinery engineering, see Process engineering. Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering concerned with the related to the production of hydrocarbons. Exploration and Production are deemed to fall within the sector of the oil. Recruitment to the industry has historically been from the disciplines of physics, subsequent development training has usually been done within oil companies. The profession got its start in 1914 within the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, the first Petroleum Engineering degree was conferred in 1915 by the University of Pittsburgh. Since then, the profession has evolved to solve increasingly difficult situations, as much of the low hanging fruit of the oil fields have been found. Deep-water, arctic and desert conditions are usually contended with, the Society of Petroleum Engineers is the largest professional society for petroleum engineers and publishes much information concerning the industry. Petroleum engineering has historically been one of the highest paid engineering disciplines, in a June 4,2007 article, Forbes. com reported that petroleum engineering was the 24th best paying job in the United States. The 2010 National Association of Colleges and Employers survey showed petroleum engineers as the highest paid 2010 graduates at an average $125,220 annual salary, for individuals with experience, salaries can go from $170,000 to $260,000 annually. They make an average of $112,000 a year and about $53.75 per hour, Petroleum engineers divide themselves into several types, Reservoir engineers work to optimize production of oil and gas via proper placement, production rates, and enhanced oil recovery techniques. Drilling engineers manage the technical aspects of drilling exploratory, production and injection wells, Petroleum Engineering - Best Petroleum Engineering Schools & Colleges, Jobs in USA About Petroleum Engineering Career Opportunities in Petroleum Engineering
18.
Gulf of Mexico
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The Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U. S. states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas border the Gulf on the north, Atlantic and Pacific coasts, or sometimes the south coast, in juxtaposition to the Great Lakes region being the north coast. One of the seven main areas is the Gulf of Mexico basin. The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics, the Gulfs basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U. S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean Sea via the Yucatan Channel between Mexico and Cuba, with the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km2, almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters, the consensus among geologists who have studied the geology of the Gulf of Mexico, is that prior to the Late Triassic, the Gulf of Mexico did not exist. It was created by the collision of plates that formed Pangea. As interpreted by Roy Van Arsdale and Randel T. Cox, geologists and other Earth scientists agree in general that the present Gulf of Mexico basin originated in Late Triassic time as the result of rifting within Pangea. The rifting was associated with zones of weakness within Pangea, including sutures where the Laurentia, South American, first, there was a Late Triassic-Early Jurassic phase of rifting during which rift valleys formed and filled with continental red beds. Second, as rifting progressed through Early and Middle Jurassic time and it was at this time that tectonics first created a connection to the Pacific Ocean across central Mexico and later eastward to the Atlantic Ocean. This flooded the basin created by rifting and crustal thinning to create the Gulf of Mexico. While the Gulf of Mexico was a basin, the subsiding transitional crust was blanketed by the widespread deposition of Louann Salt. Initially, during the Late Jurassic, continued rifting widened the Gulf of Mexico and progressed to the point that sea-floor spreading, at this point, sufficient circulation with the Atlantic Ocean was established that the deposition of Louann Salt ceased. During the Late Jurassic through Early Cretaceous, the occupied by the Gulf of Mexico experienced a period of cooling. The subsidence was the result of a combination of stretching, cooling. Initially, the combination of stretching and cooling caused about 5–7 km of tectonic subsidence of the central thin transitional
19.
Natural gas
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It is formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years. The energy that the plants originally obtained from the sun is stored in the form of bonds in the gas. Natural gas is a fuel used as a source of energy for heating, cooking. It is also used as fuel for vehicles and as a feedstock in the manufacture of plastics. Natural gas is found in underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds. Petroleum is another resource and fossil fuel found in proximity to. Most natural gas was created over time by two mechanisms, biogenic and thermogenic, biogenic gas is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, landfills, and shallow sediments. Deeper in the earth, at temperature and pressure, thermogenic gas is created from buried organic material. In petroleum production gas is burnt as flare gas. The World Bank estimates that over 150 cubic kilometers of gas are flared or vented annually. Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, most, Natural gas is often informally referred to simply as gas, especially when compared to other energy sources such as oil or coal. However, it is not to be confused with gasoline, especially in North America, Natural gas was used by the Chinese in about 500 BCE. They discovered a way to transport gas seeping from the ground in crude pipelines of bamboo to where it was used to salt water to extract the salt. The worlds first industrial extraction of gas started at Fredonia, New York. By 2009,66000 km³ had been used out of the total 850000 km³ of estimated remaining reserves of natural gas. An annual increase in usage of 2–3% could result in currently recoverable reserves lasting significantly less, unwanted natural gas was a disposal problem in the active oil fields. If there was not a market for natural gas near the wellhead it was expensive to pipe to the end user. In the 19th century and early 20th century, unwanted gas was burned off at oil fields
20.
Tuition payments
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Tuition payments, usually known as tuition in American English and as tuition fees in Commonwealth English, are fees charged by education institutions for instruction or other services. Besides public spending, private spending via tuition payments are the largest revenue sources for education institutions in some countries. In most countries, especially countries in Scandinavia and Continental Europe, there are no or only nominal fees for all forms of education, including university. These policies generally include a fee that is large enough to give parents and/or guardians a responsibility to cover some portion of their children’s higher education costs. This responsibility can make it difficult for a student to attend college without requiring a grant or one or more loans. Tuition fees in the United Kingdom were introduced in 1998, with a maximum permitted fee of £1,000, since then, this maximum has been raised to £9,000 in most of the United Kingdom, while Scotland has abolished tuition. Tuition in the United States is expensive, and it is common for students to enter into extensive debts to pay for it, tuition is one of the costs of a post-secondary education. French tuition fees are capped based on the level of education pursued, some public universities have autonomous status, meaning that they can charge much higher tuition, and all private universities charge tuition. Tuition is charged at different rates from one type of institution to the next, most students and/or their families who pay for tuition and other education costs dont have enough savings to pay in full while they are in school. Some students must work and/or borrow money to afford an education. ”It is often the case that the lower the cost of the school, the more likely a student is to attend. Developed countries have adopted a scheme for education, while basic education is supported by taxes rather than tuition. People may purchase insurance to protect themselves from fees related to involuntary withdrawal In medieval Europe. Later, the duty of universities in most Protestant countries was the training of future civil servants. Again, it was not in the interest of the state to charge tuition fees, a typical family, however, could not afford educating a child or young adult, even if the education itself was free. A similar situation exists today in many Third World countries, where the expenses of free schooling prevent some children from attending any school. After World War II the tuition systems of all of todays advanced democracies still were highly similar and it was not before the 1950s that the countries education systems developed in different directions. Some countries, especially the Anglo-Saxon countries but also Asian countries such as Japan, other countries, particularly in Scandinavia and continental Europe, in contrast remained tuition-free. These developments were unrelated to the massive expansion that took place at the same time
21.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
22.
Louisiana House of Representatives
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The Louisiana House of Representatives is the lower house in the Louisiana State Legislature, the state legislature of the US state of Louisiana. The House is composed of 105 Representatives, each of whom represents approximately 42,500 people, members serve four-year terms with a term limit of three terms. The House is one of the five state legislative lower houses that has a four-year term, the House convenes at the State Capitol in Baton Rouge. The Speaker of the House presides over the House of Representatives, the Speaker is customarily recommended by the Governor, then elected by the full House. In addition to presiding over the body, the Speaker is also the leadership position. The House of Representatives also elects a Speaker pro tempore to preside in the absence of the Speaker, the current Speaker is Republican Chuck Kleckley of the 36th District who was elected to that position in 2012 succeeding Jim Tucker. His deputy is the Speaker pro tempore, currently Democrat Walt Leger, the Speaker pro tempore presides when the Speaker is not present. The Chairman of the Republican Delegation is Lance Harris of the 25th District, the Louisiana House of Representatives comprises 105 representatives elected from across the state from single-member districts by registered voters in the district. Representatives must be electors, be at least eighteen years old, be domiciled in the district they represent at least one year, the House is the judge of its members qualifications and elections. Elections occur every four years and representatives are limited to three four-year terms, if a seat is vacant, it will be filled in a special election. The House is the legislative chamber of the Louisiana State Legislature. The Louisiana House has sole authority to state officials and introduce appropriation bills. The Louisiana House of Representatives was established, along with its functions and authority, in Article III, the Committees of the Louisiana House review proposed bills and either kill them or recommend their passage to the full House. Each committee has an area it oversees. Committees can call upon state officials to testify at committee meetings, committee membership including Chairmanships and Vice Chairmanships are assigned by the Speaker
23.
Greensburg, Louisiana
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Greensburg is a town in and the parish seat of St. Helena Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 718 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Baton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area. Greensburg is one of the oldest towns in Louisiana and it has two 19th-century properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the old land office and the old parish jail. He also seized a supply of quinine. Greensburg is located at 30°49′41″N 90°40′9″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.5 square miles, of which 2.5 square miles is land and 0. 40% is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 631 people,242 households, the population density was 250.6 people per square mile. There were 275 housing units at a density of 109.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 66. 72% White,32. 96% African American,0. 16% Asian, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 79% of the population. 35. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 16. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 3.06. In the town, the population was out with 22. 3% under the age of 18,8. 1% from 18 to 24,24. 9% from 25 to 44,22. 2% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 89.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males, the median income for a household in the town was $25,625, and the median income for a family was $35,000. Males had an income of $30,625 versus $19,861 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,083, about 26. 0% of families and 27. 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35. 3% of those under age 18 and 16. 7% of those age 65 or over. Greensburg and all of St. Helena Parish are served by the St. Helena Parish School System, zoned campuses include St. Helena Central Elementary School, St. Helena Central Middle School, and St. Helena Central High School. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Greensburg has a subtropical climate
24.
St. Helena Parish, Louisiana
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St. Helena Parish is a parish in the U. S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,203, the parish was created in 1810. St. Helena Parish is part of the Baton Rouge, LA Metropolitan Statistical Area, the parish is one of the eight Florida Parishes, areas that were once part of colonial West Florida. It was annexed to the Territory of Orleans in 1810, after the short-lived Republic of West Florida capitulated to the United States. In 1832, the section of the parish was taken to form Livingston Parish, the courthouse was moved from Montpelier to Greensburg. St. Helena lost another portion of land in 1866, which was added to land from Washington and Livingston Parishes in 1868, from 1964 to 1984, St. Helena Parish was represented in the Louisiana State Senate by the Democrat businessman W. E. Bill Dykes. In 1983, as a casualty of redistricting, Dykes bowed out of contention in a race which would have pitted him against long-term Senate President Sixty Rayburn of Bogalusa, in recent years, St. Helena experienced a series of scandals involving parish officials. In 1997, Sheriff Eugene Holland was found guilty of misuse of government funds and property and his replacement, Chaney L. Phillips, served for only a year as sheriff before he was convicted of fraud and money laundering that he had committed while serving as the parish assessor. He was given a prison sentence on conviction in 1998 of having placed a political supporter on his assessor office staff. Phillips was assigned to the Federal Correctional Institution in Englewood, Colorado and he did not serve the full eight years, he was released on May 23,2003. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the parish has an area of 409 square miles. 53. 3% were Black or African American,44. 9% White,0. 3% Native American,0. 1% Asian,0. 5% of some other race and 0. 8% of two or more races. As of 2000, there were 10,525 people,3,873 households, there were 5,034 housing units at an average density of 5 persons/km². 0. 99% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,25. 40% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the family size was 3.27. In the parish, the population was out with 29. 00% under the age of 18,9. 10% from 18 to 24,26. 10% from 25 to 44,23. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 92.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.60 males, the median income for a household in the parish was $24,970, and the median income for a family was $29,950
25.
Bastrop, Louisiana
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Bastrop is the largest city in and the parish seat of Morehouse Parish, Louisiana. The population was 11,365 at the 2010 census, a decrease of 1,623 from the 12,988 tabulation of 2000, the population of Bastrop is 73 percent African American. It is the city of and is included in the Bastrop, Louisiana Micropolitan Statistical Area. Bastrop was founded by the Baron de Bastrop, a Dutch businessman accused as an embezzler and he had fled to the then Spanish colony of Louisiana to escape prosecution, and became involved in various land deals. In New Spain, he claimed to be a nobleman. He received a grant of land, provided that he could settle 450 families on it over the next several years. However, he was unable to do this, and so lost the grant, afterwards, he moved to Texas, where he claimed to oppose the sale of Louisiana to the United States, and became a minor government official. He proved instrumental in Moses Austins plan to bring American colonists to what was then northern Mexico, Bastrop formally incorporated in 1857, and is the commercial and industrial center of Morehouse Parish. Bastrop was a Confederate stronghold during the American Civil War until January 1865, colored Cavalry, embarked from Memphis, Tennessee, for northeastern Louisiana. Landing first in southeastern Arkansas, Osband and his men began foraging for supplies into Louisiana and they brought in a large number of horses, mules, and Negroes, according to the historian John D. Winters in The Civil War in Louisiana, when Osband learned that Confederate Colonel A. J. McNeill was camped near Oak Ridge in Morehouse Parish with 800 men, during World War II, it was the site of German prisoner-of-war camp. Bastrop is also the seat of Morehouse Parish and is within an area marketed to tourists as the Sportsmans Paradise Region of Louisiana. It is a Main Street Community and has received Transportation Enhancement funding for improvements in its historic district, celebrations and concerts are held in the historic downtown at the restored 1914 Morehouse Parish Courthouse and Rose Theater. Bastrop is home to the Snyder Museum and Creative Arts Center, volunteers lead heritage appreciation tours for children and interpret the history of the parish using local artifacts. The Bastrop area economy is based on forestry, cotton and rice farming. Hunting, camping, and fishing are pastimes in the many bayous, shopping is also a popular tourist attraction in the area. The Snyder Museum keeps information relating to history and displays furniture typical of fine homes from the Civil War
26.
Morehouse Parish, Louisiana
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Morehouse Parish is a parish located in the U. S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 29,979, the parish was formed in 1844. Morehouse Parish comprises the Bastrop, LA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Monroe-Ruston-Bastrop, LA Combined Statistical Area. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the parish has an area of 806 square miles. U. S. Highway 165 U. S.51. 3% were White,46. 9% Black or African American,0. 4% Asian,0. 1% Native American,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 3% of some other race and 1. 0% of two or more races. As of the census of 2000, there were 31,021 people,11,382 households, the population density was 39 people per square mile. There were 12,711 housing units at a density of 16 per square mile. 0. 74% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,24. 40% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the family size was 3.14. In the parish the population was out with 27. 50% under the age of 18,9. 50% from 18 to 24,26. 40% from 25 to 44,21. 40% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 91.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.10 males, the median income for a household in the parish was $25,124, and the median income for a family was $31,358. Males had an income of $31,385 versus $18,474 for females. The per capita income for the parish was $13,197, about 21. 30% of families and 26. 80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35. 90% of those under age 18 and 23. 80% of those age 65 or over. In 1975, Edwards Barham, a farmer and businessman from Oak Ridge in Morehouse Parish, Barham won his seat by twenty-nine votes. He was unseated after a term in office in 1979 by the Democrat David Bo Ginn of Bastrop. In the 2012 U. S. presidential election, Morehouse Parish cast 6,591 votes for Republican nominee Mitt Romney, U. S. President Barack Obama trailed with 5,888 ballots. These results nearly identically parallel the racial complexion of Morehouse Parish, in 2008, Republican John McCain prevailed in Morehouse Parish with 7,258 votes to Barack Obamas 5,792 ballots
27.
Governor of Louisiana
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This is a list of the Governors of Louisiana, from acquisition by the United States in 1803 to the present day, for earlier governors of Louisiana see List of colonial governors of Louisiana. In 1803, Europe was about to become involved in a continental war, the French Empire, led by Napoleon, had begun an aggressive expansionist policy which challenged the interests of United Kingdom. When the Haitian Revolution, with British support, overthrew the French colonial rule on that island, to finance this, Napoleon sold the colony of Louisiana to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. From 1804 to 1812, the area which would eventually become the modern state was known as the Territory of Orleans. The vast area to the north was called the Louisiana Territory, notes † Murdered/Died in office This is a table of congressional, other governorships, and other federal offices held by governors. All representatives and senators mentioned represented Louisiana except where noted, * denotes those offices which the governor resigned to take. As of January 2017, there are five former U. S. governors of Louisiana who are living at this time. The most recent governor, and also the most recently serving governor, Louisiana Secretary of State website Cemetery Memorials by La-Cemeteries
28.
Murphy J. Foster Jr.
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Murphy James Mike Foster Jr. served as the 53rd governor of Louisiana from January 1996 until January 2004. Fosters father was Murphy J. Foster Jr. but Mike Foster uses Jr. even though he is technically Murphy J. Foster III, Foster is a businessman, landowner, and sportsman in St. Mary Parish in the sugar-growing section of the southern portion of the state. Mike Foster was born in Franklin, the seat of government of St. Mary Parish and his father, also named Murphy J. Fosters maternal great-grandfather, Captain Alfred Goodwill, was a native of England and a captain in the Confederate Army. The Goodwill Road in Minden is named in his honor, Captain Goodwill and his five children from his first marriage moved to Minden in 1873 from neighboring Claiborne Parish with his newly acquired second wife, the former Ida Victoria Hill. One of the three children of Captain Goodwill and his second wife Ida, was Olive Goodwill and their daughter, Olive Roberts, subsequently married Murphy James Foster, the son of Governor Murphy J. Foster Sr. and the father of subsequent Governor Mike Foster. One of Fosters cousins, Jasper Goodwill, was the mayor of Minden from 1955 to 1958 and he became an Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America in 1946 and is a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. He was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity and The Friars and he joined the Air Force and served in the Korean War. His paternal grandfather, Murphy J. Foster Sr. was governor of Louisiana from 1892 to 1900, by the time Mike Foster entered politics, he had already become a wealthy sugar planter and owner of a construction firm. He resides at Oaklawn Manor, a plantation mansion in Franklin. Foster entered politics at the age of fifty-seven, in 1987, then-Democrat Foster unseated liberal Democratic state Senator Anthony Guarisco Jr. of Morgan City by a large margin. Foster is said to have run for the state Senate because Guarisco would not return his telephone calls, Guarisco was a vocal supporter of the defunct Equal Rights Amendment. Foster served two terms in the state Senate and then ran for governor, Foster entered the 1995 gubernatorial race as a minor candidate whom most local political observers discounted. Then in September 1995, Foster announced he would qualify for the race as a Republican, the Republicans had not coalesced on a candidate, and Fosters announcement that he was switching parties vaulted him from single digits in the polls to serious contention. Foster rode a wave of dissatisfaction with the more unsavory aspects of the casino gambling that had been legalized under outgoing Governor Edwin W. Edwards. Foster came out strongly against gambling and pledged to run Louisiana like a business and his conservative platform included attacks on welfare abuse, gun control, affirmative action, racial quotas, and political corruption. He carried the endorsement of the columnist and Republican former presidential candidate Patrick J. Buchanan, Senator Mary Landrieu ran third and missed the general election berth by just 8,983 votes. Former Governor Buddy Roemer, seeking a comeback, came in fourth place. Fosters embrace of the Republican label and his conservative platform undercut Roemer, another Democrat-turned-Republican, reminiscent of his grandfathers inauguration virtually a century earlier, Mike Fosters inauguration ceremony on January 8,1996 occurred at the Old State Capitol
29.
ACT (test)
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The ACT college readiness assessment is a standardized test for high school achievement and college admissions in the United States produced by ACT, a nonprofit of the same name. It was first administered in November 1959 by Everett Franklin Lindquist as a competitor to the College Boards Scholastic Aptitude Test, the ACT originally consisted of four tests, English, Mathematics, Social Studies, and Natural Sciences. In 1989, the Social Studies test was changed into a Reading section, in February 2005, an optional Writing test was added to the ACT, mirroring changes to the SAT that took place later in March of the same year. The ACT is now offered as a computer-based test, the test will continue to be offered in the paper format for schools that are not ready to transition to computer testing. All four-year colleges and universities in the U. S, the main four tests are scored individually on a scale of 1–36, and a Composite score is provided which is the whole number average of the four scores. The optional Writing Test measures skill in planning and writing a short essay, according to a research study conducted by ACT, Inc. in 2003, a relationship was found between a students ACT composite score and the possibility of him or her earning a college degree. ACT publishes a manual that summarizes studies conducted of its validity in predicting freshman GPA, equating different high school GPAs. The majority of colleges do not indicate a preference for the SAT or ACT exams, most colleges use ACT scores as only one factor in their admission process. A sampling of ACT admissions scores shows that the 75th percentile composite score was 24.1 at public institutions and 25.3 at private four-year institutions. It is recommended that students check with their prospective institutions directly to understand ACT admissions requirements, in addition, some states have used the ACT to assess the performance of schools, and require all high school students to take the ACT, regardless of whether they are college bound. Colorado and Illinois have incorporated the ACT as part of their mandatory testing program since 2001, the ACT is more widely used in the Midwestern, Rocky Mountain, and Southern United States, whereas the SAT is more popular on the East and West coasts. Recently, however, the ACT is being used more on the East Coast, Use of the ACT by colleges has risen as a result of various criticisms of the effectiveness and fairness of the SAT. The required portion of the ACT is divided into four multiple choice tests, English, mathematics, reading. Subject test scores range from 1 to 36, all scores are integers, the English, mathematics, and reading tests also have subscores ranging from 1 to 18. The composite score is the average of all four tests, in addition, students taking the optional writing test receive a writing score ranging from 1 to 36. The writing score does not affect the composite score, the ACT has eliminated the combined English/writing score, and has added two new combined scores, The ELA will be an average of the English, Reading and Writing scores. The STEM will be an average of the Math and Science scores, all of the changes that have been listed for the writing score and the new ELA and STEM scores were effective starting on the September 2015 test. On the ACT, each question correctly answered is worth one raw point, there is no penalty for marking incorrect answers on the multiple-choice part of the test
30.
Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
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Jefferson Parish is a parish in the U. S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 432,552, Jefferson Parish is included in the New Orleans-Metairie, LA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Jefferson Parish was less affected by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and has rebounded at a rapid pace than neighboring Orleans Parish. Jefferson Parish was named in honor of US President Thomas Jefferson of Virginia when the parish was established by the Louisiana Legislature on February 11,1825, a bronze statue of Jefferson stands at the entrance of the General Government Complex on Derbigny Street at the parish seat in Gretna. The parish seat was in the City of Lafayette, until that city was annexed by New Orleans in 1854, originally, this parish was larger than it is today, running from Felicity Street in New Orleans to the St. Charles Parish line. However, as New Orleans grew, it absorbed the cities of Lafayette, Jefferson City, Carrollton and these became part of Orleans Parish. The present borders between Jefferson Parish and Orleans Parish were set in 1874, the Jefferson Parish seat was moved to Gretna at the same time. NOTE, The City of Lafayette in Jefferson Parish, as it was recorded in U. S. Census records until 1870, should not be confused with the present city of Lafayette, Louisiana, in Lafayette Parish. From the 1940s to the 1970s, Jeffersons population swelled with an influx of white families from Orleans Parish. The completion of Veterans Highway in the late 1950s, following a parallel to Airline but further north. Terrytown, within the city limits of Gretna, was the first large subdivision to be developed, subsequent development has been extensive, taking place within Harvey, Marrero, Westwego and Avondale. In East Jefferson, the Causeway Boulevard corridor grew into a commercial office node, while the Elmwood neighborhood developed as a center for light manufacturing, by the mid-1990s, Jefferson Parish was exhibiting some of the symptoms presented by inner-ring suburbs throughout the United States. St. Tammany Parish and, to an extent, St. Charles Parish began to attract migrants from New Orleans. These trends were catalyzed by Hurricane Katrina, which destroyed much of New Orleans low-income housing, despite these challenges, Jefferson Parish still contains the largest number of middle class residents in metropolitan New Orleans and acts as the retail hub for the entire metro area. Even though Jefferson Parish was affected by Hurricane Katrina, it has rebounded more quickly than Orleans Parish, the parish has a current population of 432,000, which is 15,000 fewer people than was recorded by the 2000 U. S. Census. New Orleans Katrina-provoked population loss has resulted in Jefferson Parish becoming the second most populous parish behind East Baton Rouge Parish, with the landfall of Hurricane Katrina on August 29,2005, Jefferson Parish took a hard hit. On the East Bank, widespread flooding occurred, especially in the part of the parish. Schools also were reported to have severely damaged
31.
John Bel Edwards
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John Bel Edwards is an American politician and lawyer who is the 56th and current Governor of Louisiana, in office since January 11,2016. He was previously the Minority Leader of the Louisiana House of Representatives and he left the state legislature to run for governor in 2015. A member of the Democratic Party, he defeated Republican U. S, Senator David Vitter in the second round of the 2015 election. He is a United States Army veteran, having served with the 82nd Airborne Division. Edwards was born and raised in Amite, Louisiana, the son of Dora Jean Miller and Tangipahoa Parish Sheriff Frank M. Edwards, Edwards graduated from Amite High School in 1984 as valedictorian. Edwards completed Airborne School in 1986, while he was a student at West Point, after receiving his commission, he completed the Infantry Officer Basic Course at Fort Benning, Ranger School, and the Infantry Officer Advanced Course. He ended his career to return to Louisiana because of family considerations. Edwards earned a law degree from the Louisiana State Universitys Paul M. Hebert Law Center in 1999, as an attorney, Edwards handled a variety of cases, though he did not practice criminal law because of his brothers status as the local sheriff. Edwards is a conservative Democrat who is pro-life and pro-gun rights, in 2008, Edwards ran for a seat in the Louisiana House of Representatives. Edwards was forced into a general election run-off with fellow attorney George Tucker, Edwards was overwhelmingly elected, winning every parish in the district. Edwards was the only freshman lawmaker to chair a committee in the legislature, Edwards chaired the Veterans Affairs Committee in the House. Edwards was also selected as chairman of the Democratic house caucus, in 2011, Edwards was re-elected to the Louisiana House of Representatives, having defeated opponent Johnny Duncan,83 to 17 percent. Edwards served as chairman of the Louisiana House Democratic Caucus, making him the Louisiana House Minority Leader, cities/towns that Edwards represented included Amite, Greensburg, and Kentwood as well as part of Hammond. On February 21,2013, Edwards announced that he would run for governor in 2015 and he said that his state needs a healthy dose of common sense and compassion for ordinary people. The only major Democrat in the race, Edwards polled first in the blanket primary with 444,517 votes, followed by Vitter. In third place was Louisiana Public Service Commissioner Scott Angelle of Breaux Bridge, dardenne made his announcement at Free Speech Alley in front of the LSU Student Union building in Baton Rouge. Edwards was a delegate for Obama at the 2012 Democratic National Convention, Edwards supported Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election. A statewide poll prior to the primary showed Edwards with a nine-point lead over Vitter, the JMC Analytics survey placed Edwards at 28 percent, instead of the actual 40 percent, and Vitter with 19 percent, rather than his actual 23 percent
32.
Metairie, Louisiana
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Metairie is a census-designated place in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, United States and is a major part of the New Orleans Metropolitan Area. Metairie is the largest community in Jefferson Parish and the fifth-largest CDP in the United States and it is an unincorporated area that would be Louisianas fourth-largest city if it were incorporated. The zip codes that serve the community are 70001-70006, métairie is the French term for a small tenant farm which paid the landlord with a share of the produce, also known as sharecropping. In the 1760s, many of the original French farmers were tenants, after the US Civil War, the Acolapissa Native Americans used this ridge as a road, and it is the oldest road in the New Orleans area. Paved in the 1920s, it is called Metairie Road, an electric streetcar was installed running along Metairie Road in the late 1910s, opening the area to greater development. Upscale housing tracts were constructed off the road in the 1920s and it is today the most prestigious area of Metairie. The areas to the north and northwest of Metairie Road were not developed until after World War II, the land between Metairie Ridge and Lake Pontchartrain, which was cypress swamps and marshlands, was drained with the Wood Pump. With development of new land for residences, Metairies population grew in the 1940s as a result of cheaper land, lower taxes. In 1990, Metairie made history when one of its districts elected white supremacist David Duke to the Louisiana state legislature for a single term. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused a new migration from Orleans Parish and it has been a racially neutral migration, with equal numbers of black and white residents moving to Jefferson Parish. The 2010 Census showed that Metairie has increasingly become more diverse, Veterans Boulevard was laid out alongside a drainage canal, and became a commercial center of the region. The Central Business District of Metairie is located on Causeway Blvd near Lake Pontchartrain, Metairie also has one of the handful of major malls located in the New Orleans metro area. Lakeside Shopping Center is the mall in the New Orleans metropolitan area. In the 1970s and early 1980s, an area of bars, Fat City is now the most racially diverse area in the New Orleans Metropolitan Area and is home to a vibrant restaurant scene. Several New Orleans radio and television stations have transmitter facilities in Metairie and Jefferson Parish, Metairie has a large Mardi Gras season that touts itself as more family-friendly than the New Orleans Mardi Gras. The 1947 Fort Lauderdale Hurricane with winds of 125 mph directly hit Metairie, much of the community was under six feet of water. Hurricane Betsy, a category three storm, hit the area in 1965, causing wind damage and moderate flooding. On August 29,2005, Metairie was hit hard by the effects of Hurricane Katrina, including widespread wind damage
33.
Forbes
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Forbes is an American business magazine. Published bi-weekly, it features articles on finance, industry, investing. Forbes also reports on related subjects such as technology, communications, science, politics and its headquarters is located in Jersey City, New Jersey. Primary competitors in the business magazine category include Fortune and Bloomberg Businessweek. The magazine is known for its lists and rankings, including its lists of the richest Americans. Another well-known list by the magazine is The Worlds Billionaires list, the motto of Forbes magazine is The Capitalist Tool. Its chairman and editor-in-chief is Steve Forbes, and its CEO is Mike Perlis, Forbes, a financial columnist for the Hearst papers, and his partner Walter Drey, the general manager of the Magazine of Wall Street, founded Forbes magazine on September 15,1917. Forbes provided the money and the name and Drey provided the publishing expertise, the original name of the magazine was Forbes, Devoted to Doers and Doings. Drey became vice-president of the B. C. Forbes Publishing Company, while B. C. Forbes became editor-in-chief, B. C. Forbes was assisted in his later years by his two eldest sons, Bruce Charles Forbes and Malcolm Stevenson Forbes. Bruce Forbes took over on his fathers death, and his strengths lay in streamlining operations, during his tenure, 1954–1964, the magazines circulation nearly doubled. On Malcolms death, his eldest son Malcolm Stevenson Steve Forbes Jr. became President and Chief Executive of Forbes, between 1961 and 1999 the magazine was edited by James Michaels. In 1993, under Michaels, Forbes was a finalist for the National Magazine Award. com, a 2009 New York Times report said,40 percent of the enterprise was sold. For a reported $300 million, setting the value of the enterprise at $750 million, according to Mark M. Edmiston of AdMedia Partners, Its probably not worth half of that now. The companys headquarters moved to the Newport section of downtown Jersey City. In November 2013, Forbes Media, which publishes Forbes magazine, was put up for sale and this was encouraged by Elevation Partners, of whom were minority shareholders. Sales documents prepared by Deutsche Bank revealed that the publishers 2012 EBITDA was $15 million, Forbes reportedly sought a price of $400 million. In July 2014, Forbes sold a majority of itself to Integrated Whale Media Investments, Steve Forbes and his magazines writers offer investment advice on the weekly Fox TV show Forbes on Fox and on Forbes On Radio. Other company groups include Forbes Conference Group, Forbes Investment Advisory Group, from the 2009 Times report, Steve Forbes recently returned from opening up a Forbes magazine in India, bringing the number of foreign editions to 10
34.
Quantico, Virginia
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Quantico is a town in Prince William County, Virginia, United States. The population was 480 at the 2010 census, Quantico is bordered by the U. S. military installation of Marine Corps Base Quantico on three sides and the Potomac River on the fourth. Quantico is located south of the mouth of Quantico Creek on the Potomac, the word Quantico is a derivation of the name of a Doeg village recorded by English colonists as Pamacocack. Quantico is the site of one of the largest U. S. Marine Corps bases, the base is the site of the Marine Corps Combat Development Command and HMX-1, Officer Candidate School, and The Basic School. A replica of the USMC War Memorial stands in the entrance to the base, as of 2013, the mayor is Kevin P. Brown. Quantico is at 38°3119 North, 77°1723 West, according to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.1 square miles, of which,0.1 square miles of it is land and none of the area is covered with water. Quantico has a subtropical climate. As of the census of 2000, there were 561 people,295 households, the population density was 7,811.2 inhabitants per square mile. There were 359 housing units at a density of 4,998.6 per square mile. The racial makeup was 61. 32% White,20. 32% African American,10. 16% Asian,0. 36% Native American,2. 32% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 5. 53% of the population. 53. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 1.90 and the average family size was 3.02. In the town the population was out with 20. 9% under the age of 18,11. 6% from 18 to 24,39. 8% from 25 to 44,19. 4% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 122.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 130.1 males, the median income for a household in the town was $26,250, and the median income for a family was $27,596. Males had an income of $29,615 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,087, about 22. 4% of families and 21. 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39. 4% of those under the age of 18 and none of those ages 65 or older. Criminal Minds is based out of Quantico, the CBS drama CSI, Cyber is also set in Quantico. A new thriller series, Quantico, set at the FBI Academy premiered in 2015 on the ABC network, lee Childs character Major Jack Reacher makes numerous references to Quantico, especially in the novel The Visitor
35.
Virginia
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Virginia is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as well as in the historic Southeast. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, the capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond, Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealths estimated population as of 2014 is over 8.3 million, the areas history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony, slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colonys early politics and plantation economy. Although the Commonwealth was under one-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, the Virginia General Assembly is the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World. The state government was ranked most effective by the Pew Center on the States in both 2005 and 2008 and it is unique in how it treats cities and counties equally, manages local roads, and prohibits its governors from serving consecutive terms. Virginias economy changed from agricultural to industrial during the 1960s and 1970s. Virginia has an area of 42,774.2 square miles, including 3,180.13 square miles of water. Virginias boundary with Maryland and Washington, D. C. extends to the mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, the border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U. S. Supreme Court. The Chesapeake Bay separates the portion of the Commonwealth from the two-county peninsula of Virginias Eastern Shore. The bay was formed from the river valleys of the Susquehanna River. Many of Virginias rivers flow into the Chesapeake Bay, including the Potomac, Rappahannock, York, and James, the Tidewater is a coastal plain between the Atlantic coast and the fall line. It includes the Eastern Shore and major estuaries of Chesapeake Bay, the Piedmont is a series of sedimentary and igneous rock-based foothills east of the mountains which were formed in the Mesozoic era. The region, known for its clay soil, includes the Southwest Mountains around Charlottesville. The Blue Ridge Mountains are a province of the Appalachian Mountains with the highest points in the state. The Ridge and Valley region is west of the mountains and includes the Great Appalachian Valley, the region is carbonate rock based and includes Massanutten Mountain. The Cumberland Plateau and the Cumberland Mountains are in the southwest corner of Virginia, in this region, rivers flow northwest, with a dendritic drainage system, into the Ohio River basin
36.
Jefferson, Louisiana
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Jefferson is a census-designated place in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, on the East Bank of the Mississippi River. Jefferson is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area, the population was 11,193 at the 2010 census. Within Jefferson are also known as Old Jefferson, Shrewsbury. Jefferson is located at 29°57′51″N 90°9′26″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.3 square miles, of which,2.8 square miles of it is land and 0.5 square miles of it is water. The western part of Jeffersons Census area was lost to Elmwood during the 2000 Census, as of the census of 2000, there were 11,843 people,5,400 households, and 2,878 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 4,294.0 people per square mile, there were 5,816 housing units at an average density of 2,108.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 71. 85% White,23. 47% African American,0. 26% Native American,1. 50% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,1. 65% from other races, and 1. 24% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5. 07% of the population,39. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the family size was 2.83. In the CDP, the population was out with 18. 8% under the age of 18,8. 0% from 18 to 24,33. 0% from 25 to 44,22. 9% from 45 to 64. The median age was 39 years, for every 100 females there were 92.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males, the median income for a household in the CDP was $32,106, and the median income for a family was $40,408. Males had an income of $32,256 versus $26,673 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $19,245, about 10. 4% of families and 14. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19. 3% of those under age 18 and 9. 3% of those age 65 or over. Jefferson Parish Public Schools operates schools in the parish and serves Jefferson, most residents are zoned to Jefferson Elementary School in Jefferson, while some are zoned to Dolhonde Elementary in Metairie. All students are zoned to Riverdale Middle School in Jefferson, in regards to the advanced studies academies, students are zoned to Metairie Academy. Jefferson Parish Library operates the Rosedale Library in Jefferson, a Greek revival house named Rosedale, established in 1838, used to occupy the present day site of the library. In 1978 two fires destroyed the house, which was 140 years old, the library was established in 1986
37.
Alabama Shakespeare Festival
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The Alabama Shakespeare Festival is among the ten largest Shakespeare festivals in the world. The festival is housed in the Carolyn Blount Theatre in Montgomery. ASF puts on 6-9 productions annually, typically including three works of William Shakespeare, other plays sample various genres and playwrights, classical and modern, sometimes with an emphasis on Southern works. ASFs Southern Writers Project nurtures the creation of new plays that reflect Southern themes, the festival stages more than 400 performances each year that attract more than 300,000 visitors from throughout the United States and more than 60 countries. The ASF began in 1972 as a summer-stock theater project in Anniston and its first performance was in an old high school auditorium, before a single critic and his wife, the critic considered the performance very poor and predicted that the ASF would not survive. But the project persisted, with a number of innovative performances - including Taming of the Shrew set in 1920s New York City, eventually, the Shakespeare Festival grew to garner critical acclaim, but lacked the financial support to keep it afloat. The Carolyn Blount Theatre houses the 792-seat Festival Stage and the 225-seat Octagon Theatre, until 2009, ASF operated a Professional Actor Training program leading to the M. F. A. degree in cooperation with the University of Alabama Department of Theatre and Dance. Tony Award–winning actor Norbert Leo Butz and Emmy Award–winning actor Michael Emerson were two of the programs most successful alumni, on April 25,2008, ASF announced that its relationship with the University of Alabama would be phased out following the graduation of the last class in August 2009. Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, also located in Montgomerys Blount Cultural Park, Alabama Shakespeare Festival website ASF Graduate Programs
38.
Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame
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The Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame in located in Winnfield, Winn Parish, in the U. S. state of Louisiana. It was created in 1987 by an act of the Louisiana State Legislature to highlight the careers of the leading politicians. Long Jr. Oscar K. Allen, and Earl Kemp Long, were born there Winnfield calls itself the birthplace of Louisiana politics. The museum, which opened in August 1993 on the centennial of Huey Longs birth, is located at 499 East Main Street in a restored Louisiana and Arkansas Railroad depot. Until his death in 2011, each inductee was sketched by the former Shreveport Times cartoonist Preston Allen Pap Dean Jr. himself one of the original thirteen honorees, large displays are accorded for the two Governors Long, with sculptures of each man shown speaking to voters. Recording of Long political speeches are sometimes played as visitors examine the political past, other Long family members inducted into the Hall of Fame include the late U. S. Representatives Speedy O. Long and Gillis W. Long, former State Representative Jimmy D, Long of Natchitoches, and on February 1,2014, Rose McConnell Long. Zachary Taylor, the only U. S. President from Louisiana, was inducted in 1995, there are a handful of others without party affiliation. The few Republican honorees include former Governors David C, treen, Mike Foster, and Buddy Roemer, former U. S. All recent U. S. senators have been inducted except for current Republicans senators Bill Cassidy and David Vitter, however, Vitters 2004 opponents for the Senate, former U. S. Representative Chris John and state Treasurer John Neely Kennedy, have been inducted, Kennedy was elected in 2016 to succeed Vitter. The Democrat who defeated Vitter for governor, John Bel Edwards, is also an inductee by virtue of his family in Tangipahoa Parish politics, the nominees are chosen by a statewide panel of political historians and writers. Each inductee is given his own display, which included a caricature by Pap Dean to those prior to Deans death. Another missing inductee is David Duke, the former Ku Klux Klan figure who became a player in state politics briefly between 1989 and 1992 and acquired national attention as well. Louisiana Center for Women and Government Hall of Fame Louisiana Political Museum - official site
39.
Winnfield, Louisiana
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Winnfield is a small city in the parish seat of Winn Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 5,749 at the 2000 census, and 4,840 at the 2010 census, three governors of the State Of Louisiana were from Winnfield. When Winn Parish was officially formed by the legislature in 1852. During the Civil War, the area around Winnfield was the site of minor skirmishes. Confederate forces defeated a Union detachment sent to destroy the Cary Salt Works in the area, many Civil War bandits made the region their home. Among these were the West and Kimbrill clans, which at one time included the Frank & Jesse James, three Louisiana governors were Winnfield natives and grew up here, Huey Long, Oscar K. Allen and Earl Long. Huey Long became governor, U. S. Senator, Oscar K. Allen was elected governor in 1932. Earl Long, the Louisiana Longshot, served in a variety of positions, said to be more than other Louisianan. He was elected governor in 1939,1948 and 1956 and he was elected to Congress in 1960 but died before he could assume office. Winnfield was a producer of salt in the Civil War days. One still exists today in front of the Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame, the salt works was located on Saline Bayou. Later the Cary Salt Works started a 840 ft deep mine south of Winnfield, the mine was used by the federal government in Project Coyboy Plowshare Program, Cowboy Event. Between Dec 1959 and March 1960 a series of explosives were set off inside the Carry Salt Works in an unused portion of the mine. The mine later was flooded by an underground river, the mine and all equipment inside was abandoned. The rock quarry operated near or on top of the mine and produced limestone. Winnfield has an elevation of 128 feet, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.3 square miles, all land. North and west of Winnfield, Saline Bayou, a National Wild and Scenic Rivers System waterway, Winnfield is about a three-hour driving distance from Baton Rouge. As of the census of 2000, there were 5,749 people,2,172 households, the population density was 1,733.4 people per square mile
40.
The Times-Picayune
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The Times-Picayune is an American newspaper published in New Orleans, Louisiana, since January 25,1837. However, under pressure from a new New Orleans edition of The Advocate. The paper and the NOLA. com website, form the NOLA Media Group division of Advance Publications, the paper was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service in 2006 for its coverage of Hurricane Katrina. Four of The Times-Picayune’s staff reporters also received Pulitzers for breaking-news reporting for their coverage of the storm, the paper funds the Edgar A. Poe Award for journalistic excellence, which is presented annually by the White House Correspondents Association. Established as The Picayune in 1837 by Francis Lumsden and George Wilkins Kendall, the initial price was one picayune. Between 1880 and 1890, the more than tripled its circulation. The paper became The Times-Picayune after merging in 1914 with its rival, in 1962, Samuel Irving Newhouse, Sr. bought the morning daily The Times-Picayune and the other remaining New Orleans daily, the afternoon States-Item. The papers were merged on June 2,1980 and were known as The Times-Picayune/States-Item until September 30,1986. In addition to the paper, specific community editions of the newspaper are also circulated and retain the Picayune name. The paper is a part of Advance Publications, which is owned by the Newhouse family, in the vernacular of its circulation area, the newspaper is often called the T-P. Hurricane Katrina became a significant part of the history of The Times-Picayune, not only during the storm and its immediate aftermath, with electrical outages leaving the presses out of commission after the storm, newspaper and web staffers produced a newspaper in electronic PDF format. On NOLA. com, meanwhile, tens of thousands of evacuated New Orleans and Gulf Coast residents began using the forums and blogs, posting pleas for help, offering aid. A small team of reporters and photographers volunteered to stay behind in New Orleans to report from the inside on the struggle, looting. They armed themselves for security and worked out of a private residence, the storm flooded huge swaths of the city, as well as Slidell on the north shore of Lake Pontchartrain, in a process that appeared to be spreading even as night fell. Being a part of the plot is both riveting and deeply unsettling and we dont yet know the end of this story. Its the story of our lives, and we must both live and chronicle it, on May 24,2012, the papers owner, Advance Publications, announced that the print edition of the Times-Picayune would be published three days a week beginning that fall. News of the change was first revealed the night before in a blog post by New York Times media writer David Carr, a new company, NOLA Media Group, was created to oversee both the paper and its website, NOLA. com. Along with the change in its schedule, Advance also announced that significant cuts would be coming to the newsroom
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