The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. The war involved three contenders for the vacant throne of Spain, and involved much of Europe for over a decade. The main action saw France as the defender of Spain against a multinational coalition. The war was very expensive and bloody, and finally stalemated. Essentially, the treaties allowed Philip V to keep the Spanish throne in return for permanently renouncing his claim to the French throne, along with other necessary guarantees that would ensure that France and Spain should not merge, thus preserving the balance of power in Europe.
First edition of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain in Spanish (left) and a later edition in Latin and English.
Signature of the Treaty of Utrecht between Portugal and Spain, in the Maliebaan, on 6 February 1715. The Dom Tower is visible in the background. From left to right: The Duke of Osuna, in red coat, Luís da Cunha, in black coat, The Secretaries, in blue and yellow coats and the Count of Tarouca, crouched, in brown coat.
Allegory of the Peace of Utrecht by Antoine Rivalz
Ensuring the succession of Maria Theresa reduced Austria's gains from the war, and ultimately led to the War of the Austrian Succession in 1740
Anne was Queen of Great Britain and Ireland following the ratification of the Acts of Union on 1 May 1707, which merged the kingdoms of Scotland and England. Before this, she was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 8 March 1702.
Anne (centre) and her sister Mary (left) with their parents, the Duke and Duchess of York, painted by Peter Lely and Benedetto Gennari II
Anne, c. 1684, painted by Willem Wissing and Jan van der Vaardt
Mary of Modena and James Francis Edward, Anne's stepmother and half-brother