Pembina Escarpment
Videos
The Pembina Escarpment is a scarp that runs from South Dakota to Manitoba, and forms the western wall of the Red River Valley. The height of the escarpment above the river valley is 300–400 feet.
Lockhart Phase of Lake Agassiz approximately 11,500 years ago when the Pembina Escarpment was formed. The area north of the orange line was the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
Lake Agassiz
Videos
Lake Agassiz was a large proglacial lake that existed in central North America during the late Pleistocene, fed by meltwater from the retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet at the end of the last glacial per
Pembina Escarpment
…was covered by the Laurentide Ice Sheet. As the ice sheet began to melt and recede, the meltwaters filled the ancestral Red River Valley to create Lake Agassiz. The valley walls, including the escarpment to the west, provided east and west boundaries for the lake, and remaining part of the ice sheet provided…
Traverse Gap in the riverbed of Glacial River Warren. The former southern outlet of Lake Agassiz and source of River Warren is at Lake Traverse at the bottom of the photo; the flooded valley in the center (now Browns Valley) and Big Stone Lake in the distance are relics of the river.