1.
Spanish naming customs
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Spanish naming customs are historical traditions for naming children practised in Spain. According to these customs, a persons name consists of a name followed by two family names. The first surname is usually the fathers first surname, and the second the mothers first surname, in recent years, the order of the surnames can be reversed at birth if it is so decided by the parents. Currently in Spain, people bear a single or composite given name, a composite given name comprises two single names, for example Juan Pablo is considered not to be a first and a second forename, but a single composite forename. The two surnames refer to each of the parental families, traditionally, a persons first surname is the fathers first surname, and the second one is the mothers first surname. From 2013, if the parents of a child are unable to agree on order of surnames, the law also grants a person the option, upon reaching adulthood, of reversing the order of their surnames. Each surname can also be composite, the parts usually linked by the y or e. For example, a name might be Juan Pablo Fernández de Calderón García-Iglesias, consisting of a forename, a paternal surname. There are times when it is impossible, by inspection of a name, for example, the writer Sebastià Juan Arbó was alphabetised by the Library of Congress for many years under Arbó, assuming that Sebastiá and Juan were both given names. However, Juan was actually his first surname, to resolve questions like this, which typically involve very common names, one must consult the person involved, or legal documents. A man named José Antonio Gómez Iglesias would normally be addressed as either señor Gómez or señor Gómez Iglesias instead of señor Iglesias, because Gómez is his first surname. Furthermore, Mr. Gómez might be addressed as José Antonio, José, Pepe, Antonio, or Toño Jose, Joselito, Josito, Joselillo, Josico or Joselín, Antoñito, Tonín or Nono. Very formally, he could be addressed with an honorific as don José Antonio or don José, colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez is sometimes incorrectly referred to in English media as Mr. Márquez, when it should be Mr. García Márquez or, simply, Mr. García. It is not unusual, when the first surname is very common, for example, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero is often called simply Zapatero, the name he inherited from his mothers family, since Rodríguez is a common surname and may be ambiguous. The same occurs with another former Spanish Socialist leader, Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, with the poet and dramatist Federico García Lorca, as these peoples paternal names are very common, they are often called with their maternal names. It would nonetheless be a mistake to index José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero under Z as Zapatero, a practical option to spare an explanation is using a single surname composed of two separate words. Parents choose their childs name, which must be recorded in the Registro Civil to establish his or her legal identity. With few restrictions, parents can now choose any name, common sources of names are the parents taste, honouring a relative, the General Roman Calendar nomina, legislation in Spain under Franco legally limited cultural naming customs to only Christian and typical Spanish names
Spanish naming customs
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Spanish provincial surname concentrations: Percentage of population born with the ten most-common surnames for each province. (Source:
Instituto Nacional de Estadística 2006)
2.
2012 Toronto International Film Festival
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The 37th annual Toronto International Film Festival was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 6 and September 16,2012. TIFF announced the films that were accepted on August 21,2012, looper directed by Rian Johnson was selected as the opening film. On 17 September 2012, it was announced that David O. Russells comedy film, the film, in which Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence appear as neurotic lovers obsessed with their exes, is based on a novel by Matthew Quick. The festival director, Piers Handling, stated that the film is an emotional story. Ben Afflecks Argo was the runner-up for the prize
2012 Toronto International Film Festival
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Festival poster
3.
Twice Born
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Twice Born is a 2012 film directed by Sergio Castellitto. It is based on a novel by Margaret Mazzantini, oft-married Gemma visits Sarajevo with her only child, Pietro. The two of them had escaped the city sixteen years ago, just days after his birth during the Bosnian War, Diego, her second husband and Pietros father, remained behind and later died. As they travel with her wartime friend Gojco, she tries to repair her relationship with Pietro, Gemma is later stunned by the revelation that Pietros real mother, Aska, is still alive and married to Gojco. Aska reveals that, contrary to Gemmas long held belief, Diego was not Pietros father, Gemma must face loss, the cost of war and the redemptive power of love. The film had its premiere at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival. The film received negative critic reviews and it holds an 17% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 23 reviews. Variety added that the film had little to offer beyond some pitiful twists, Twice Born at the Internet Movie Database Twice Born at Rotten Tomatoes Twice Born at Metacritic
Twice Born
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Twice Born
4.
Madrid
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Madrid is the capital city of the Kingdom of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole. The city has a population of almost 3.2 million with an area population of approximately 6.5 million. It is the third-largest city in the European Union after London and Berlin, the municipality itself covers an area of 604.3 km2. Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid, this community is bordered by the communities of Castile and León. As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, and residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic, the current mayor is Manuela Carmena from Ahora Madrid. Madrid is home to two football clubs, Real Madrid and Atlético de Madrid. Madrid is the 17th most liveable city in the according to Monocle magazine. Madrid organises fairs such as FITUR, ARCO, SIMO TCI, while Madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets. Cibeles Palace and Fountain have become one of the monument symbols of the city, the first documented reference of the city originates in Andalusan times as the Arabic مجريط Majrīṭ, which was retained in Medieval Spanish as Magerit. A wider number of theories have been formulated on possible earlier origins, according to legend, Madrid was founded by Ocno Bianor and was named Metragirta or Mantua Carpetana. The most ancient recorded name of the city Magerit comes from the name of a built on the Manzanares River in the 9th century AD. Nevertheless, it is speculated that the origin of the current name of the city comes from the 2nd century BC. The Roman Empire established a settlement on the banks of the Manzanares river, the name of this first village was Matrice. In the 8th century, the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula saw the changed to Mayrit, from the Arabic term ميرا Mayra. The modern Madrid evolved from the Mozarabic Matrit, which is still in the Madrilenian gentilic, after the disintegration of the Caliphate of Córdoba, Madrid was integrated in the Taifa of Toledo. With the surrender of Toledo to Alfonso VI of León and Castile, the city was conquered by Christians in 1085, Christians replaced Muslims in the occupation of the centre of the city, while Muslims and Jews settled in the suburbs. The city was thriving and was given the title of Villa, since 1188, Madrid won the right to be a city with representation in the courts of Castile. In 1202, King Alfonso VIII of Castile gave Madrid its first charter to regulate the municipal council, which was expanded in 1222 by Ferdinand III of Castile
Madrid
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From upper left: view of business districts of
AZCA and
CTBA,
Gran Vía street and
Metropolis Building, the
Palace of Communication, view of
Royal Palace and
Almudena Cathedral.
Madrid
Madrid
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Plaza Mayor
Madrid
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Puerta de Alcalá
5.
Javier Bardem
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Javier Ángel Encinas Bardem is a Spanish actor. Bardem won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the psychopathic assassin Anton Chigurh in the 2007 Coen brothers film No Country for Old Men. Bardem has also won a Screen Actors Guild Award, a BAFTA, five Goya Awards and he is the first Spanish actor to be nominated for an Oscar, as well as the first Spaniard to win one. He received his third Academy Award nomination, and second Best Actor nomination, Bardem was born in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands, Spain. His mother, Pilar Bardem, is an actress, and his father, the two separated shortly after his birth. Both his older brother and sister, Carlos and Mónica, are actors and he also comes from a political background, as his uncle Juan Antonio was imprisoned by Franco for his anti-fascist films. Bardem was brought up in the Roman Catholic faith by his grandmother, as a child, he spent time at theatres and on film sets. At age six, he made his first film appearance, in Fernando Fernán Gómezs El Pícaro and he also played rugby for the junior Spanish National Team. Though he grew up in a full of actors, Bardem did not see himself going into the family business. Actually, painting was his first love and he went on to study painting for four years at Madrids Escuela de Artes y Oficios. In need of money he took acting jobs to support his painting, but he also says he was a bad painter and eventually abandoned that career pursuit. In 1989, for the Spanish comedy show El Día Por Delante, he had to wear a Superman costume for a comedic sketch, Bardem has confessed to having worked as a stripper during his struggling acting career. Bardem came to notice in a role in his first major motion picture, The Ages of Lulu. The film, which starred a teenaged Penélope Cruz, was a major international success. He then starred again in Lunas next film Golden Balls, Bardems talent did not go unnoticed in the English-speaking world. In 1997, John Malkovich was the first to him, then a 27-year-old, for a role in English. His first English-speaking role came that year, in with director Álex de la Iglesias Perdita Durango. After starring in two dozen films in his native country, he gained international recognition in Julian Schnabels Before Night Falls in 2000
Javier Bardem
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Bardem at a ceremony to receive a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame on November 8, 2012
Javier Bardem
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Javier Bardem and the
Coen brothers at the
Cannes Film Festival 2007
Javier Bardem
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Bardem with co-stars for the film
Biutiful at
Cannes 2010
Javier Bardem
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Bardem at the
83rd Academy Awards, 27 February 2011
6.
Spanish people
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Within Spain there are a number of nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the countrys complex history and diverse culture. There are several commonly spoken languages, most notably Basque. There are many populations outside Spain with ancestors who emigrated from Spain, the Roman Republic conquered Iberia during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC. As a result of Roman colonization, the majority of languages, with the exception of Basque. The Germanic Vandals and Suebi, with part of the Iranian Alans under King Respendial conquered the peninsula in 409 AD. The Iberian Peninsula was conquered and brought under the rule of the Arab Umayyads in 711 and by the Berber North African dynasties the Almohads, in the early 16th century the Kingdom of Navarre was also conquered. In parallel, a wave of emigration began to the Americas began with over 16 million people emigrating to the Americas during the colonial period. In the post-colonial period, a further 3.5 million Spanish left for the Americas, particularly Argentina, Uruguay, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, as a result, Spanish-descendants in Latin America number in the hundreds of millions. Spain is home to one of the largest communities of Romani people, the Spanish Roma, which belong to the Iberian Kale subgroup, are a formerly-nomadic community, which spread across Western Asia, North Africa, and Europe, first reaching Spain in the 15th century. The population of Spain is became increasingly diverse due to recent immigration, the earliest modern humans inhabiting Spain are believed to have been Neolithic peoples who may have arrived in the Iberian Peninsula as early as 35, 000–40,000 years ago. In more recent times the Iberians are believed to have arrived or developed in the region between the 4th millennium BC and the 3rd millennium BC, initially settling along the Mediterranean coast, celts settled in Spain during the Iron Age. Some of those tribes in North-central Spain, which had contact with the Iberians, are called Celtiberians. In addition, a known as the Tartessians and later Turdetanians inhabited southwestern Spain. The seafaring Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians successively founded trading colonies along the Mediterranean coast over a period of several centuries, the Second Punic War between the Carthaginians and Romans was fought mainly in what is now Spain and Portugal. The Roman Republic conquered Iberia during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC transformed most of the region into a series of Latin-speaking provinces, hispania emerged as an important part of the Roman Empire and produced notable historical figures such as Trajan, Hadrian, Seneca and Quintilian. The Germanic Vandals and Suebi, with part of the Iranian Alans under King Respendial, the Suebi became the first Germanic kingdom to convert officially to Roman Catholicism in 447 AD. under king Rechiar. After two centuries of domination by the Visigothic Kingdom, the Iberian Peninsula was invaded by a Muslim force under Tariq Bin Ziyad in 711 and this army consisted mainly ethnic Berbers from the Ghomara tribe, which were reinforced by Arabs from Syria once the conquest was complete. Muslim Iberia became part of the Umayyad Caliphate and would be known as Al-Andalus, the Berbers of Al Andalus revolted as early as 740 AD, halting Arab expansion across the Pyrenees into France
Spanish people
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Lady of Elche, a piece of
Iberian sculpture from the 4th century BC
Spanish people
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1st row:
Isabella I of Castile
Spanish people
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A young
Hispano-Roman nobleman from the 1st century BC
Spanish people
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People of
Granada
7.
Open Your Eyes (1997 film)
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Abre los ojos is a 1997 Spanish film co-written, co-scored and directed by Alejandro Amenábar and co-written by Mateo Gil. It stars Eduardo Noriega, Penélope Cruz, Fele Martínez and Najwa Nimri, in 2002, Open Your Eyes was ranked No.84 in the Top 100 Sci-Fi List by the Online Film Critics Society. The movies intersecting planes of dream and reality have prompted critics to suggest comparisons to Calderóns play Life Is a Dream. An American remake entitled Vanilla Sky, directed by Cameron Crowe, was released in 2001, a young, handsome man wakes up to a female voice telling him to open his eyes. He drives to an empty city and he wakes up again, this time to a woman in his bed. He tells her not to leave messages on his alarm, from a prison cell in Madrid, the 25-year-old man, César, tells his story to psychiatrist Antonio while wearing a prosthetic mask. Flashbacks reveal the events, good-looking César is attractive to women. At his birthday party, he flirts with Sofía, a classmate of his best friend, later on, he takes her home and stays the night, although they do not sleep together. The next morning, Césars obsessive ex-lover Nuria pulls up outside Sofías flat, offering him a ride, on the way to her home, however, she crashes the car with the intent to kill them both. César is horribly disfigured, beyond the help of cosmetic surgery, Sofía cannot bear to see him and tries to keep the distance. After Césars disfigurement, he begins to have a series of disorienting experiences, drunk, César falls asleep in the street. On awakening, everything has changed, Sofía now claims to love him, but as he makes love to Sofía one night, she suddenly changes into Nuria. Horrified, César smothers her with a pillow, yet finds everyone else believes Nuria was indeed the woman everyone else calls Sofía, while he is confined to the prison, fragments of his past return to him as if in a dream. He had committed suicide at home after sleeping drunk on the street and his experiences from about the midpoint of the movie onwards have been a dream, spliced retroactively into his actual life and replacing his true memories. At the end of the film he elects to wake up, Eduardo Noriega as César, a young confident man, who has money and success with women. The day after his party, the main character gets into a car accident which destroys his face. After such a trauma, he never be the same again. Fele Martínez as Pelayo, Césars best friend, whose personality is marked by his inferiority complex when it comes to meeting women, Penélope Cruz as Sofía, the woman César falls in love with right before his car accident
Open Your Eyes (1997 film)
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Theatrical poster
8.
The Hi-Lo Country
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It is set in post-World War II New Mexico and is based on the novel by Western author Max Evans. Don Walser appears in a dance sequence and sings a memorable Western swing. Rodeo announcer Bob Tallman appears as himself in the film, in post-World War II best friends Big Boy Matson and Pete Calder return home to find half of their town employed by corporate cattle baron Jim Ed Love. The fuse is lit when Mona, the wife of Jim Eds foreman, petes past longings for Mona resurface with his discovery of the affair and the bond of friendship becomes sorely tested. The film was regarded by critics and film festivals as an example of the classic Western movie genre. Bob Graham of the San Francisco Chronicle said, The traditional settings of Westerns are honored, the saloon, the hall, the rodeo, the cattle drive. Hi-Lo is not only the name of the flatlands where the story takes place, it is also a poker game. Stephen Holden of the New York Times said, In its best moments the movie feels like a hybrid of Red River. Winner Silver Bear for Best Director - 49th Berlin International Film Festival, factory rereleased the film on DVD. The Hi-Lo Country at the Internet Movie Database The Hi-Lo Country at Box Office Mojo The Hi-Lo Country at Rotten Tomatoes
The Hi-Lo Country
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The Hi-Lo Country
9.
Woman on Top
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The cowgirl name derives from the image of the receiving partner riding the partner as a cowgirl rides a bucking horse. It is one of a number of sexual positions, another being the reverse cowgirl position. It is fairly simple to achieve and maintain and pleasures both partners and this position is also used as a precursor to the lateral coital position described by Masters and Johnson. This position is commonly cited as one of the more popular sex positions, especially by women, in this position, the woman is usually the active partner during the sexual activity. In the cowgirl position, the man lies on his back or sits, with the woman straddling him across his pelvis facing forward, either in a kneeling or squatting position. The woman will align her vagina with the erect penis. With the erect penis inside the woman, the woman can glide up and down the mans penis, controlling the rhythm and pace of vaginal stimulation and the extent and duration of penetration. The woman is free to change her position ranging from leaning back to stretching out on her partners chest to rocking from side to side or in a circular motion. Each of those changes would alter the angle and depth of penetration, the mans hands are free to reach and touch the womans breasts, clitoris, buttocks, face etc. and the partners can maintain eye contact. In this position a woman can continue with the up and down motion after the man has achieved orgasm until she reaches orgasm, afterwards, she may collapse onto the mans chest, with her vagina being very sensitive to further stimulation. When the woman lies on her partners chest, a description is the reverse missionary position. Stretching out with her legs on the man puts more pressure on the mons pubis and clitoris. If the man separates his legs, the woman can put her legs between his, in this position she can increase the tightness on the mans penis by pressing her thighs together, or the man may press the womans thighs together. This increases vaginal friction but she can control the pace. As most women approach orgasm, they experience acute vaginal contractions, in the reverse cowgirl position, the woman straddles the man facing the mans feet in a kneeling or squatting position. After either she or the man has guided the penis into the womans vagina, the mans legs can be flat on the bed or arched. The woman also has control over the pace, rhythm, depth, the woman on top positions are ideal during pregnancy as there is no pressure on the womans abdomen, and it is easy for her to control the depth and speed of penetration. It is also useful if the man is recovering from an illness or surgery or if the woman has recently given birth
Woman on Top
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Depiction of reverse missionary position by
Johann Nepomuk Geiger (1840)
Woman on Top
Woman on Top
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Reverse cowgirl position, from
I Modi, mid-16th century
Woman on Top
10.
Vanilla Sky
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Vanilla Sky is a 2001 American science fiction psychological thriller romance film directed, written, and co-produced by Cameron Crowe. It is an English-language remake of Alejandro Amenábars 1997 Spanish film Open Your Eyes, the film has been described as an odd mixture of science fiction, romance and reality warp. Vanilla Sky stars Tom Cruise, Penelope Cruz, and Cameron Diaz with Jason Lee and it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song, as well as Screen Actors Guild and Golden Globe Award nominations for Cameron Diazs performance. The soundtrack was critically acclaimed. Vanilla Sky was released on Blu-ray on June 30,2015 in North America, from a prison cell where he has been charged with murder, David Aames, in a prosthetic mask, tells his life story to court psychologist, Dr. Curtis McCabe. In flashback, David is shown to be the owner of a large publishing firm in New York City which he inherited from his father. As David enjoys the lifestyle, he is introduced to Sofia Serrano by his best friend. David and Sofia spend a night talking and fall in love. When Davids former lover, Julianna Julie Gianni, hears of Sofia, she attempts to kill herself, Julie dies but David survives, his face grotesquely disfigured, leading him to wear a mask to hide the injuries. With no hope to use plastic surgery to repair the damage, on a night out with Sofia and Brian, David gets hopelessly drunk and Sofia and Brian leave David to wallow in the street outside. David is awakened the next day in the street by Sofia, who apologises for deserting him the night before, the two continue to see each other, and David has his face surgically repaired despite being told it was impossible before. One day, when he goes to Sofias apartment, he finds Julie there instead, angry and confused, David suffocates Julie, and is later arrested and placed in a mental institution, finding his face has reverted to its previously disfigured state. David completes telling his story to Curtis, who proceeds to then visit David further for more sessions to try to help him recuperate, during one interview Curtis tells David the staff reported him calling out Ellie in a bad dream and asks who she is. David later sees a nearby TV advertisement for Life Extension, a company specializes in cryonic suspension. David becomes anxious and breaks free of Curtis, realizing he is in his own lucid dream that has gone wrong and they ride up in an elevator to the top of an impossibly tall building, the height triggering Davids severe acrophobia. The man explains that David has been in cryonic sleep for 150 years, however, during his sleep, the dream went horribly wrong and attempted to incorporate elements from his subconscious, such as substituting Julie for Sofia and creating a father-figure in Curtis. David decides to wake up, ignoring the vision of Curtis that his subconscious has brought to life to him out of it. David envisions Sofia and Brian to say his goodbyes, conquering his final fear, David jumps off the building, his life flashing before his eyes, and whites out immediately before hitting the ground
Vanilla Sky
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Theatrical release poster
Vanilla Sky
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The "vanilla sky" title refers to the sky as painted by
Claude Monet, such as in The Seine at Argenteuil (1873) which is featured in the film.
11.
All the Pretty Horses (film)
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All the Pretty Horses is a 2000 American romance western film produced and directed by Billy Bob Thornton, and based on Cormac McCarthys novel of the same name. Starring Matt Damon and Penélope Cruz, the film was released on Christmas Day 2000 to mostly negative reviews and it grossed $18 million worldwide, against a $57 million budget. In 1949, young cowboy John Grady Coles maternal grandfather dies, John had grown up on his grandfathers ranch, but it was put up for sale when the old man died. His mother has no ties to it anymore, and would rather have the money. With no home, John asks his best friend Lacey Rawlins to leave his family ranch in San Angelo, Texas and join him to travel on horseback to cross the border 150 miles south, to seek work in Mexico. They encounter a peculiar 13-year-old boy named Jimmy Blevins on the trail to Mexico, later on they meet a young aristocrats daughter, Alejandra Villarreal, with whom Cole falls in love. Cole and Rawlins become hired hands for Alejandras father, who likes their work, Cole and Rawlins are sent to a Mexican prison for abetting Blevins crimes, where they must defend themselves against dangerous inmates. The pair are nearly killed. Alejandras aunt frees Cole and Rawlins, on the condition that she never sees them again, while Rawlins returns to his parents ranch in Texas, Cole attempts to reunite with Alejandra over her familys objections. Her aunt is confident that Alejandra will keep her word and not get together with Cole - so much so that she even gives Cole her nieces phone number. Cole urges Alejandra to come to Texas with him and she, however, decides she must keep her word and though she loves him, she will not go with him. Cole then sets out to get revenge on the captain who took the Blevins boys life, as well as to get back his, Laceys and Blevins horses. After making the captain his prisoner, he turns him over to Mexican men, Cole is spared the decision to kill the captain, but it is implied the men whom the captain was turned over to will do that. Reentering the USA and riding through a town in Texas. He asks a couple of men if they would be interested in buying a rifle, one is a sheriffs deputy and arrests him because all three horses have different brands, and they suspect Cole is a horse thief. In court, Cole tells the judge his story from the beginning, the judge believes him and orders Cole freed and the horses returned to him. Later that evening, Cole shows up at the judges home, the judge tells him he is being too hard on himself and it could not have been helped, he must go on and live his life. Cole rides to Rawlins familys ranch, where he asks his friend if he wants his horse back. C, franklin All the Pretty Horses was filmed on location in New Mexico and Texas
All the Pretty Horses (film)
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Theatrical release poster
12.
Blow (film)
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Blow is a 2001 American biographical crime film about the American cocaine smuggler George Jung, directed by Ted Demme. David McKenna and Nick Cassavetes adapted Bruce Porters 1993 book Blow, How a Small Town Boy Made $100 Million with the Medellín Cocaine Cartel and it is based on the real-life stories of George Jung, Pablo Escobar, Carlos Lehder Rivas, and the Medellín Cartel. The films title comes from a term for cocaine. Blow was the theatrical film directed by Demme to be released in his lifetime. The film opens to a young George Jung and his parents Fred and Ermine of Weymouth, when George is ten years old, Fred files for bankruptcy and loses everything, but tries to make George realize that money is not important. As an adult, George moves to Los Angeles with his friend Tuna, they meet Barbara, a stewardess, who introduces them to Derek Foreal. With Dereks help, George and Tuna make a lot of money, kevin Dulli, a college student back in Boston, visits them and tells them of the enormous market—and demand—for pot in Boston. With Barbaras help, they start bringing the drugs to Boston, as the demand grows, they decide to start buying the drugs directly from Mexico with the help of Santiago Sanchez, a Mexican drug lord. But two years later, George is caught in Chicago trying to import 660 pounds of marijuana and is sentenced to two years. After unsuccessfully trying to plead his innocence, George skips bail to take care of Barbara, who is suffering from and her death marks the disbanding of the group of friends, even his friend, Tuna, flees their vacation home in Mexico and is never seen again. While hiding from the authorities, George visits his parents back in New England, while he is having a heart-to-heart talk with his father, Georges mother calls the police, who come and arrest him. George is now sentenced to 26 months in a prison in Danbury. His cellmate Diego Delgado has contacts in the Medellín cocaine cartel, upon his release from prison, George violates his parole conditions and heads down to Cartagena, Colombia to meet up with Diego. They meet with cartel officer Cesar Rosa to negotiate the terms for smuggling 15 kilograms to establish good faith, as the smuggling operation grows, Diego gets arrested, leaving George to find a way to sell 50 kg and get the money in time. George reconnects with Derek in California, and the two successfully sell all 50 kg in 36 hours, amassing a $1.35 million profit. George is then whisked off to Medellín, Colombia, where he meets the groups leader, Pablo Escobar. With the help of main middleman Derek, the pair becomes Escobars top US importer, at Diegos wedding, George meets Cesars fiancée Mirtha and marries her. However, Diego resents George for keeping Dereks identity secret and pressures George to reveal his connection, George eventually discovers that Diego has betrayed him by cutting him out of the connection with Derek
Blow (film)
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Blow
13.
Waking Up in Reno
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Waking Up in Reno is a 2002 American road comedy-drama film directed by Jordan Brady. The screenplay by Brent Briscoe and Mark Fauser focuses on two redneck couples taking a trip from Little Rock to Reno to see a monster truck rally. Lonnie Earl Dodd is a Little Rock car dealer who stars in his own television commercials. He and his wife Darlene are best friends with Roy and Candy Kirkendall, when the two couples decide to drive cross-country to see a monster truck rally, Lonnie Earl pulls a new SUV off his lot and the four set off. En route, they stop at an Amarillo, Texas restaurant where Lonnie Earl is determined to win a free dinner by consuming a 72-ounce steak, Darlene longs to see the Grand Canyon, but Lonnie Earl insists they stick to their schedule and refuses to fulfill her dream. It becomes increasingly clear Darlene is living timidly in her husbands shadow, kowtowing to his demands, in Reno, a fortune teller tells Candy she is expecting a baby, and she buys several home pregnancy tests to see if she is right. Shes overjoyed when all the results are positive, but complications arise when Roy calls Doc Tuley for the results of a fertility test he took before leaving home, Roy is sterile, and therefore clearly not the father of Candys child. Darlene notices an uneasy glance between Lonnie Earl and Candy and realizes the two have been having an affair. Devastated, she herself to a complete and very expensive makeover and goes to see Tony Orlando perform. Meanwhile, Roy is in the hotel trying to make headway with Brenda. Eventually the two return to their suite, where they engage in loud arguments and fisticuffs. In an epilogue we learn Roy and Candy are the parents of three children, the results of the fertility test having been incorrect. Lonnie Earl and a confident Darlene are equal partners in his business and he continued, Well, they could be, if they had anything really at risk. But the film is way too gentle to back them into a corner, theyre nice people whose problems are all solved with sitcom dialogue, and the profoundly traditional screenplay makes sure that love and family triumph in the end. Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times observed, The one thing that can be said of Waking Up in Reno is that its rigorously consistent. Every note rings false, for writers Brent Briscoe and Mark Fauser have overlooked no stereotypes or clichés of small-town blue-collar speech, sean Axmaker of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer noted the tepid script is neither satire nor farce, and the soap-opera twists are far too tame to spark the material. With the low-gear direction by Jordan Brady, you think he has some heavy hauling to do. This half-baked production sat on Miramaxs shelf for a couple of years and its no more done now than then, merely more stale
Waking Up in Reno
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DVD cover
14.
Gothika
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Gothika is a 2003 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Mathieu Kassovitz and written by Sebastian Gutierrez. Halle Berry plays a psychiatrist in a mental hospital who wakes up one day to find herself on the other side of the bars. The film was first released on November 21,2003 in the United States, at the time of its release, Gothika was the most successful film from Dark Castle Entertainment with $141.6 million. Psychiatrist Dr. Miranda Grey who works at the Woodward Penitentiary For Women, has a car accident after trying to avoid a girl on a road during a stormy night and she rushes to try to help the girl. The girl turns out to be a ghost and possesses Mirandas body, Miranda next wakes up in the very hospital she works for, but as a patient treated by her co-worker, Dr. Pete Graham. Drugged and confused, she remembers nothing of what happened after the car accident, to her horror, she learns that her husband Douglas was brutally murdered and that she is the primary suspect. Meanwhile, Miranda bonds with fellow inmate and former patient, Chloe Sava, several times in sessions, Chloe had claimed that shed been raped while in the hospital, but Miranda had always attributed these stories to mental illness. One night, the door to Mirandas room in the hospital is opened by the ghost that has been haunting her, when she passes Chloes room in the hospital, she can hear the rape occurring and momentarily sees a mans chest pressed against the window. The mans chest bears a tattoo of an Anima Sola, Miranda realizes that Chloe was not making up these stories and, when she sees Chloe the next day, she apologizes and the two embrace. Chloe warns Miranda that her attacker said he was going to target Miranda next, Miranda begins regaining some of her memories bit by bit and slowly comes to remember herself killing her husband. She realizes that the ghost had used her body to murder Douglas and this is why all of the physical evidence points to Miranda. Miranda escapes from the hospital, having recognized the girl as a ghost, seeking clues to the mystery of why she killed her husband, she goes to a farmhouse in Willow Creek, Rhode Island. In the cellar of the barn, she discovers a room containing a bed, what appears to be a box containing drugs, restraints. She watches the tape that is still in the camera and the viewer hears a woman screaming as if tortured or raped. In the final seconds of the video, Douglas walks into the shot, covers a womans body on the bed with a sheet. At this point, police arrive and one comes closer to Miranda. Miranda backs up to a staircase and, all of a sudden, the police release the girl, and Miranda is taken to jail. While she is in jail, Sheriff Ryan, who was Douglass closest friend, talks to Miranda and he does not believe her claim that ghosts told her everything and asks her what sort of person the accomplice would be
Gothika
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Theatrical release poster
15.
Noel (film)
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Noel is a 2004 Christmas-themed drama film written by David Hubbard and directed by Chazz Palminteri. It stars Penélope Cruz, Susan Sarandon, Paul Walker, Alan Arkin, Daniel Sunjata and it was filmed in Montreal, Canada. The film centers on five strangers who are linked together –, the main character is Rose, a woman who is struggling to cope with caring for her mother, an Alzheimers patient. Meanwhile, Nina and Mike are a couple on the verge of breaking up due to Mikes increasingly jealous behavior. Elsewhere, Artie is an old waiter who searches for his wife every Christmas Eve. Finally, Jules is a man who deliberately damages his hand so he can attend a Christmas party in the emergency room
Noel (film)
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Noel film poster
16.
Sahara (2005 film)
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Sahara is a 2005 action-comedy adventure film directed by Breck Eisner that is based on the best-selling book of the same name by Clive Cussler. It stars Matthew McConaughey, Steve Zahn and Penélope Cruz and is an international co-production between the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany and the United States, Sahara was a box office bomb earning just $119 million worldwide, against a budget of $160 million. In 1865, the ironclad CSS Texas carried the last of the Confederacys treasury out of Richmond, Virginia, in present day, in Mali, a civil war is being fought between dictator General Kazim and Tuareg people. World Health Organization doctors Eva Rojas and Frank Hopper investigate a disease spreading across Mali, assassins accompanied by a corrupt Tuareg named Zakara attempt to murder Eva, but she is rescued by Dirk Pitt, from the National Underwater and Marine Agency, who was diving nearby. Dirks contact in Nigeria sells him a gold Confederate States of America coin found in the Niger River, believing this to be a clue to the long-lost Texas, Dirk borrows his boss Sandeckers yacht to search for the Texas. Accompanying Dirk are his partner Al Giordino and Rudi Gunn from NUMA and they give Eva and Hopper a ride, so that they can continue their investigation of the disease. Businessman Yves Massarde and dictator General Kazim try to stop the doctors from discovering the source of the disease, Kazim sends men to attack the yacht. Dirk, Al and Rudi survive the attack, but the yacht is destroyed and Eva, Rudi tries to leave the country to get help while Dirk and Al go to rescue the doctors. After rescuing Eva, they try to leave Mali, but are captured by the Tuareg, the Tuareg leader, Modibo, shows Eva his people dying from the same disease she was investigating. After analyzing the sample, Eva finds out that the water is contaminated with toxins. Al stumbles into a cave with a showing the ironclad Texas. Dirk believes that the Texas became stranded when the dried up after a storm. They follow the dry river bed and work their way to the border, on the way, they stumble upon a solar detoxification plant owned by Massarde, which is the source of the contamination. They discover that the contamination is being carried to the ocean and, if not stopped in time, in addition, they cannot get their government to intervene during a civil war in a sovereign country. Massarde captures the group, keeps Eva and sends Dirk and Al to Kazim, the duo escape but get stranded in the middle of the desert. They find the wreck of a plane and rebuild it into a land yacht, Dirk and Al enlist Modibos aid to return to the plant. To cover up the existence of the plant, Massarde decides to destroy it with explosives, fearing the plants destruction would make it impossible to stop the contamination, Al goes to remove the explosives while Dirk tries to stop Massarde. Dirk fights and kills Zakara after a fierce battle and he rescues Eva, but Massarde escapes to his helicopter
Sahara (2005 film)
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Promotional poster
17.
Volver
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Volver is a 2006 Spanish drama film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar. Headed by actress Penélope Cruz, the features an ensemble cast also starring Carmen Maura, Lola Dueñas, Blanca Portillo, Yohana Cobo. To top off the family crisis, her mother Irene comes back from the dead to tie up loose ends, set in the La Mancha region, Almodovars place of birth, the filmmaker cited his upbringing as a major influence on many aspects of the plot and the characters. Volver was one of the films competing for the Palme dOr at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival and it eventually won two awards, Best Actress and Best Screenplay. The films premiere was held on March 10,2006, in Puertollano, Spain, Penélope Cruz was nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Actress, making her the first Spanish woman ever to be nominated in that category. Raimunda and Soledad are sisters who grew up in Alcanfor de las Infantas, a village in La Mancha. Their parents died in a fire three years prior to the beginning of the film. Sole returns to the village for the funeral of her elderly, Aunt Paulas neighbour Agustina confesses to Sole that she has heard Paula talking to the ghost of Soles mother Irene. Sole encounters the ghost herself, and when she returns to Madrid, Sole tries to determine why her mothers ghost has returned to Earth, asking her if she left anything undone in her life. Irene says that she does have issues to resolve, relating to the questions of why Raimunda hates her, meanwhile Raimunda and her daughter Paula have a different death to cope with. Paulas father Paco attempts to rape her, claiming that he is not really her father, Raimunda quickly hides the corpse in the deep-freezer of a nearby restaurant with an absent owner. The restaurant owner, Emilio, is out of town and entrusted Raimunda with the keys so that she can show it to prospective tenants. When members of a film crew happen upon the restaurant, Raimunda strikes a deal to cater for them, Raimunda reveals to Paula that Paco was not, in fact, her biological father, and promises to tell her the whole story at a later time. Agustina is diagnosed with cancer and must go to Madrid for medical treatment. Raimunda visits her in the hospital, Agustina asks Raimunda if she has seen her mothers ghost. Agustina hopes that the ghost will be able to tell her about the fate of her own mother, who disappeared three years ago without a trace. Raimunda undertakes the task of disposing of Pacos remains, she leaves Paula with Sole, rents a van, while staying in Soles apartment, Paula meets her grandmothers ghost and grows close to her. The next night, Agustina comes to the restaurant to renew her request to Raimunda to ask her mothers ghost about her own mothers whereabouts
Volver
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Theatrical release poster
Volver
–
Almodóvar and Cruz on the red carpet at the
2006 Prince of Asturias Awards.
18.
Nine (2009 live-action film)
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Nine is a 2009 musical drama film directed and produced by Rob Marshall and written by Michael Tolkin and Anthony Minghella. The film is an adaptation of the 1982 musical Nine, which in turn is based on Federico Fellinis semi-autobiographical 1963 film 8½, in addition to songs from the stage musical, all written by Maury Yeston, the film has three original songs, also written by Yeston. The ensemble principal cast consists of Daniel Day-Lewis, Marion Cotillard, Penélope Cruz, Judi Dench, Fergie, Kate Hudson, Nicole Kidman, and Sophia Loren. Despite mixed reviews and commercial failure, Nine was nominated for four Academy Awards, Best Supporting Actress, Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design and Best Original Song. Guido Contini is a gifted Italian filmmaker who, at the age of fifty, has developed writers block and urges all the women in his life, alive and dead, to help him with it. It is 1965, and at the famous Cinecittà movie studios, in Rome, everyone has questions for Signor Contini. At a press conference at the Hotel Excelsior on the Via Veneto, hes charming and colourful, avoiding any clear answer on his new movie, his ninth with producer, Dante, here he meets Stephanie, a Vogue fashion journalist, with whom he begins a flirtation. Escaping the biting probes of the reporters, he creates an elaborate fantasy and he escapes the press conference and arrives at the Bellavista Spa Hotel. While being examined by the doctor, he receives a call from Carla and she describes her desire for him, as he listens on the other end. She arrives at the spa, expecting to share his suite, meanwhile, Guido learns that a Cardinal is also staying at his hotel and tells the cardinal’s assistant to arrange a meeting. However, Dante soon arrives at the spa and escorts Contini to a hall where the entire production team is assembled to help him prepare for his film. He sees Lilli, his designer, and begs for inspiration. She reminds him of Luisas birthday the day and disagrees, saying that it reminds her of Folies Bergère, a Parisian music hall that featured showgirls. The Cardinal agrees to him and advises him to lead a more moral life. Guido remembers Saraghina, a prostitute whom he and his friends paid to them the art of love. Young Guido is caught by his school teachers/priests and whipped by his principal and he awakens on top of Carla, in a fit of anxiety and abruptly leaves to meet his production team for dinner. She wants to come, but he refuses, reminding her that they don’t want to hurt either of their spouses. At dinner, he’s happily surprised to see Luisa, who has come at Lillis request and he embraces her and wishes her a happy birthday, promising that when she returns home, the house will be filled with flowers
Nine (2009 live-action film)
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Theatrical release poster
Nine (2009 live-action film)
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Nine Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
19.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe Award
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The Golden Globe statuette
20.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
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Academy Awards
Academy Award
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
21.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Alice Brady won for her performance in 1937's
In Old Chicago.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Hattie McDaniel won in 1939 for her role as Mammy in
Gone with the Wind, thus becoming the first black performer to win an Oscar.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Jane Darwell won for her performance as Ma Joad in
The Grapes of Wrath (1940).
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
–
Teresa Wright won for her role in 1942's
Mrs Miniver.
22.
Woody Allen
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Heywood Woody Allen is an American actor, writer, director, comedian, playwright, and musician whose career spans more than six decades. He worked as a writer in the 1950s, writing jokes and scripts for television. In the early 1960s, Allen began performing as a stand-up comedian, as a comedian, he developed the persona of an insecure, intellectual, fretful nebbish, which he maintains is quite different from his real-life personality. In 2004, Comedy Central ranked Allen in fourth place on a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians and he is often identified as part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmakers of the mid-1960s to late 1970s. Allen often stars in his films, typically in the persona he developed as a standup, some of the best-known of his over 40 films are Annie Hall, Manhattan, and Hannah and Her Sisters. In 2007 he said Stardust Memories, The Purple Rose of Cairo, critic Roger Ebert described Allen as a treasure of the cinema. Allen won four Academy Awards, three for Best Original Screenplay and one for Best Director and he also won nine British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards. His screenplay for Annie Hall was named the funniest screenplay by the Writers Guild of America in its list of the 101 Funniest Screenplays, in 2011, PBS televised the film biography Woody Allen, A Documentary on the American Masters TV series. Allen was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg in Brooklyn, New York and he and his sister, Letty, were raised in Midwood, Brooklyn. He is the son of Nettie, a bookkeeper at her familys delicatessen, and Martin Konigsberg and his family was Jewish, his grandparents immigrated from Russia and Austria, and spoke Yiddish, Hebrew, and German. His parents were born and raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. His childhood was not particularly happy, his parents did not get along, Allen spoke German quite a bit in his early years. He would later joke that when he was young he was sent to inter-faith summer camps. While attending Hebrew school for eight years, he went to Public School 99 and to Midwood High School, at that time, he lived in an apartment at 968 East 14th Street. Unlike his comic persona, he was interested in baseball than school. He impressed students with his talent at card and magic tricks. To raise money, he wrote jokes for agent David O. Alber, at the age of 17, he legally changed his name to Heywood Allen and later began to call himself Woody Allen. According to Allen, his first published joke read, Woody Allen says he ate at a restaurant that had O. P. S and he was then earning more than both parents combined
Woody Allen
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Allen in the 1970s
Woody Allen
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Allen as a high school senior, 1953
Woody Allen
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Allen with the Broadway cast of Play It Again, Sam (1969).
Woody Allen
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Allen candid from 2006
23.
Vicky Cristina Barcelona
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Vicky Cristina Barcelona is a 2008 romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Woody Allen. The film was shot in Spain in Barcelona, Avilés and Oviedo, Cruz won both the Academy Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Altogether, the film won 25 out of 56 nominations, Vicky and Cristina visit Barcelona for the summer, staying with Vickys distant relative Judy and her husband Mark. At an art exhibition, Cristina is intrigued by artist Juan Antonio, Cristina is won over by the offer almost at once, but Vicky is unimpressed and reluctant, she however eventually decides to accompany her friend anyway, mainly to watch over her. At the end of their first day, Vicky refuses to join Juan Antonio in his room, citing her fidelity to Doug. Before the love-making starts, Cristina suddenly falls ill with digestive complaints, Vicky and Juan Antonio proceed to spend the weekend together alone while they wait for Cristina to recuperate. Vicky gradually changes her opinion of Juan Antonio as he tells her about his tumultuous relationship with his former wife, Vicky accompanies him to visit his father, an old poet, and then becomes deeply moved by a Spanish guitar performance later that evening. She finally succumbs to Juan Antonios advances as they walk through a grove of trees in the dark, the next day, with Cristina recovered, the three of them fly back to Barcelona. Feeling guilty, Vicky does not mention the incident to Cristina, Vicky starts throwing herself into her studies while Cristina and Juan Antonio take up a relationship. Cristina then moves in with Juan Antonio and begins to more about his past. After learning that María Elena attempted to kill herself, Juan Antonio brings her to his home, after some defiance, the two women grow fond of each other. Cristina realizes that the ex-spouses are still in love, and María Elena suggests that Cristina may be the element that can give balance, all three become romantically involved with one another. In the meantime, Vicky is joined in Spain by an enthusiastic Doug, learning that Judy is similarly unhappy in her marriage, she confides to her, and Judy, who sees her younger self in Vicky, decides to bring Juan Antonio and Vicky together. Meanwhile, Cristina becomes restless and at some point decides to leave Juan Antonio and María Elena, without her, as the summer winds to a close, Judy arranges for Juan Antonio and Vicky to meet at a party. Juan Antonio begs Vicky to meet him again privately before leaving Spain, at his home, Juan Antonio seduces and wins Vicky over again, but they are interrupted by María Elena who bursts in with a gun, firing wildly as Juan Antonio tries to calm her. Vicky gets shot in the hand in the process, and leaves, shouting they are insane and she confesses the entire story to Cristina, who never realized how Vicky felt about Juan Antonio, and wishes she could have helped her. This was the third time Johansson and Allen worked together, following Match Point and this film also marked the second time Johansson and Hall worked together, the first time being in The Prestige. The movie featured several paintings by the Catalan artist Agustí Puig, as of July 2009, the film grossed $96 million worldwide, in relation to its $15 million budget, it is one of Allens most profitable films
Vicky Cristina Barcelona
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Theatrical release poster
24.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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6801 Hollywood Boulevard near
Dolby Theatre
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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A typical Walk of Fame star in the phonograph record category. The charcoal terrazzo contrasts with the pink terrazzo star and brass surround, emblem and lettering.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Walk of Fame at the 6800 block of Hollywood Boulevard, looking eastward. The Dolby Theatre is in the foreground at left. In the upper left quadrant is the famous intersection of
Hollywood and Highland.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
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Joanne Woodward 's star, contrary to popular belief, was not the first.
25.
Mango (clothing)
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Punto Fa, S. L. trading as MANGO, is a clothing design and manufacturing company, founded in Barcelona, Catalonia by brothers Isak Andic and Nahman Andic. Mango is a clothing line only. Mangos first website was created in 1995 and in year 2000, H. E. by Mango is a mens line created in 2008, and renamed Mango Man in 2014. Football legend Zinedine Zidane has become the new face of the Mango Man campaign, Mango has over 8,600 employees,1,850 of whom work at the Hangar Design Centre and at its Headquarters in Palau Solità i Plegamans. Despite being a Spanish clothing company, and having the most stores in Spain, with a proportion in Madrid. From Fall 2011, Kate Moss was Mangos muse and she first appeared in a video featuring Terry Richardson who shot the whole campaign and directed the commercial. Moss was replaced by Australian model Miranda Kerr, in April 2011, Letizia, Princess of Asturias visited the company headquarters wearing a Mango outfit. At the end of 2014, Mango has closed with a turnover for the Mango MNG Holding of 2.154 billion dollars. Number of Mango stores on the 15 October,2016 On 24 April 2013, the eight-story Rana Plaza commercial building collapsed in Savar, a sub-district near Dhaka, at least 1,127 people died and over 2,438 were injured. Of the 29 brands identified as having sourced products from the Rana Plaza factories, several companies refused to sign including Walmart, Carrefour, Bonmarché, Mango, Auchan and Kik. The agreement was signed by Primark, Loblaw, Bonmarche and El Corte Ingles, in 2010, the French division got sued by Anne-Cécile Couétil, creator of the brand Velvetine. She argued that Mango plagiarized two models of her handbags, despite an attempt of protection via the INPI and similarities between her products and the ones of Mango, the creator lost the lawsuit. She was sentenced to pay 6,000 euros to Mango over excessive procedure, on her weblog, the creator claims she wants to lodge an appeal. Several bloggers were surprised by the decision saying its unfair. The brand Mango reacted on Facebook via its official fanpage and answered also on the creators blog
Mango (clothing)
–
Punto Fa, S.L.
26.
Ralph Lauren
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Ralph Lauren is an American fashion designer, philanthropist, and business executive, best known for the Ralph Lauren Corporation, a global multibillion-dollar enterprise. He has also become known for his collection of rare automobiles. Lauren stepped down as Chief Executive Officer of the company in September 2015 but remains its Executive Chairman, as of October 2016, Forbes estimates his wealth at $5.5 billion, which makes Ralph Lauren the 233rd richest person in the world. Ralph Lauren was born in The Bronx, New York City, to Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants, Frieda and Frank Lifshitz and he is the youngest of four siblings – two brothers and one sister. Lauren attended day school followed by MTA, before graduating from DeWitt Clinton High School in 1957. He grew up playing basketball and baseball and he wanted to be Joe DiMaggio, and then he wanted to be a movie star. Lauren constantly draws inspiration from his heroes including Frank Sinatra, Cary Grant and he went to Baruch College, at the City University of New York where he studied business, although he dropped out after two years. From 1962 to 1964 he served in the United States Army, the Ralph Lauren Corporation started in 1967 with men’s ties. At 28 years-old, Lauren worked for the tie manufacturer Beau Brummell, drawing on his interests in sports, Ralph Lauren named his first full line of menswear ‘Polo’ in 1968. He worked out of a drawer from a showroom in the Empire State Building. By 1969, the Manhattan department store Bloomingdales sold Lauren’s men line exclusively and it was the first time that Bloomingdale’s had given a designer their own in-store boutique. In 1971, Ralph Lauren Corporation launched a line of tailored shirts for women, the first full women’s collection was launched the following year. 1971 also marked the opening of Ralph Lauren’s store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills and this is the first freestanding store for an American designer. In 1972 the Ralph Lauren Corporation introduced a signature cotton mesh Polo shirt in various colors, featuring the polo player logo at the chest, the shirt became emblematic of the preppy look—one of Ralph Laurens signature styles. The tag line for the ad campaign was, Every team has its color -- Polo has seventeen, in 1977, Diane Keaton and Woody Allen wore Lauren’s clothes throughout their Oscar-winning film, Annie Hall. The first Ralph Lauren fragrances, produced by Warner-Lauren, Ltd. were launched at Bloomingdales in March 1978, Lauren, a fragrance for women, on March 12 and Polo, cologne for men, on March 26. This was the first time that a designer has introduced two fragrances – one for men and one for women – simultaneously, Ralph Lauren opens his first flagship in the Rhinelander mansion, on Madison Avenue and 72nd Street in New York City in 1986. Lauren re-creates the buildings original opulence with a design consultant named Naomi Leff
Ralph Lauren
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Ralph Lauren in 2001
Ralph Lauren
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The Polo Ralph Lauren flagship store occupying the
Rhinelander Mansion on
Madison Avenue in
New York City
Ralph Lauren
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A Polo Ralph Lauren store on the
Magnificent Mile in
Chicago
Ralph Lauren
–
Ralph Lauren with his
Porsche GT3 RS (2010)
27.
Uganda
–
Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, Uganda is the worlds second most populous landlocked country after Ethiopia. The southern part of the country includes a portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region, Uganda also lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate. Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a portion of the south of the country. The people of Uganda were hunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago, beginning in 1894, the area was ruled as a protectorate by the British, who established administrative law across the territory. Uganda gained independence from Britain on 9 October 1962, luganda, a central language, is widely spoken across the country, and several other languages are also spoken including Runyoro, Runyankole, Rukiga, and Luo. The president of Uganda is Yoweri Museveni, who came to power in January 1986 after a protracted guerrilla war. The ancestors of the Ugandans were hunter-gatherers until 1, 700-2,300 years ago, Bantu-speaking populations, who were probably from central Africa, migrated to the southern parts of the country. According to oral tradition, the Empire of Kitara covered an important part of the lakes area, from the northern lakes Albert and Kyoga to the southern lakes Victoria. Bunyoro-Kitara is claimed as the antecedent of the Buganda, Toro, Ankole, some Luo invaded the area of Bunyoro and assimilated with the Bantu there, establishing the Babiito dynasty of the current Omukama of Bunyoro-Kitara. Arab traders moved inland from the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa in the 1830s and they were followed in the 1860s by British explorers searching for the source of the Nile. British Anglican missionaries arrived in the kingdom of Buganda in 1877 and were followed by French Catholic missionaries in 1879, the British government chartered the Imperial British East Africa Company to negotiate trade agreements in the region beginning in 1888. From 1886, there were a series of wars in Buganda. Because of civil unrest and financial burdens, IBEAC claimed that it was unable to maintain their occupation in the region, in the 1890s,32,000 labourers from British India were recruited to East Africa under indentured labour contracts to construct the Uganda Railway. Most of the surviving Indians returned home, but 6,724 decided to remain in East Africa after the lines completion, subsequently, some became traders and took control of cotton ginning and sartorial retail. British naval ships unknowingly carried rats that contained the bubonic plague and these rats spread the disease throughout Uganda. From 1900 to 1920, a sleeping sickness epidemic in the part of Uganda, along the north shores of Lake Victoria
Uganda
–
Left: Construction of the
Owen Falls Dam in
Jinja. Right: A street in Uganda in the 1950s.
Uganda
–
Flag
Uganda
Uganda
–
Mount Kadam, Uganda.
28.
Mother Teresa
–
Mother Teresa MC, known in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She was born in Skopje, then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire, after living in Macedonia for eighteen years she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of her life. In 1950 Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation which had over 4,500 sisters and was active in 133 countries in 2012. Members, who take vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, also profess a fourth vow, Teresa received a number of honours, including the 1962 Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize and 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. She was canonised on 4 September 2016, and the anniversary of her death is her feast day, a controversial figure during her life and after her death, Teresa was admired by many for her charitable work. She was praised and criticised for her opposition to abortion, and her authorised biography was written by Navin Chawla and published in 1992, and she has been the subject of films and other books. Teresa was born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu on 26 August 1910 into a Kosovar Albanian family in Skopje and she was baptized in Skopje, the day after her birth. She later considered 27 August, the day she was baptised and she was the youngest child of Nikollë and Dranafile Bojaxhiu. Her father, who was involved in Albanian-community politics in Macedonia and he may have been from Prizren, Kosovo, and her mother may have been from a village near Gjakova. Her resolve strengthened on 15 August 1928 as she prayed at the shrine of the Black Madonna of Vitina-Letnice and she never saw her mother or her sister again. Her family lived in Skopje until 1934, when moved to Tirana. She arrived in India in 1929 and began her novitiate in Darjeeling, in the lower Himalayas, Teresa took her first religious vows on 24 May 1931. She chose to be named after Thérèse de Lisieux, the saint of missionaries, because a nun in the convent had already chosen that name. Teresa took her vows on 14 May 1937 while she was a teacher at the Loreto convent school in Entally. She served there for twenty years, and was appointed its headmistress in 1944. Although Teresa enjoyed teaching at the school, she was disturbed by the poverty surrounding her in Calcutta. The Bengal famine of 1943 brought misery and death to the city, on 10 September 1946, Teresa experienced what she later described as the call within the call when she travelled by train to the Loreto convent in Darjeeling from Calcutta for her annual retreat. I was to leave the convent and help the poor while living among them, to fail would have been to break the faith
Mother Teresa
–
Mother Teresa at a pro-life meeting in 1986 in
Bonn,
West Germany
Mother Teresa
–
Bl. Mother Teresa Statue in St. Thomas Mount.
Mother Teresa
–
Memorial House of Mother Teresa, in her native
Skopje.
Mother Teresa
–
Missionaries of Charity's Mother House (Headquarters) in
Calcutta
29.
Alcobendas
–
Alcobendas is a city located in the Community of Madrid, central Spain. It is located roughly 13 kilometres north of Madrid and 7 kilometres from Barajas International Airport, a huge business park called Valdelacasa for high-tech firms is being built. It is the location of a basketball museum organised by the Pedro Ferrándiz Foundation where the FIBA Hall of Fame is located, Alcobendas is in the B1 zone for Madrids transport network. Both Alcobendas and its city, San Sebastián de los Reyes are connected with Madrid with buses operated by the Interbús bus company. There are currently eight bus lines go to and from different districts of Alcobendas to Plaza de Castilla. Alcobendas also has eight bus lines connect the different zones of Alcobendas between themselves. Metro, Alcobendas presently has four Metro stations which are all on line 10 of the Madrid Metro network and these stations were recently opened by Esperanza Aguirre, President of the Autonomous Community of Madrid. Buses Buses going to and from Plaza de Castilla are,151 Madrid - Alcobendas 153 Madrid - Alcobendas 153B a. k. a, b53 Madrid - Alcobendas 155 Madrid - Alcobendas 155B a. k. a. B55 Madrid - Alcobendas 157 Madrid - Alcobendas 157C a. k. a, both form part of the C-4a Cercanías line and can get to Sol and Atocha in half an hour. Private Transport Alobendas is easily reached by car as well, there are a number of motorways going round Alcobendas and through it. In the Casco district it is challenging to find a parking space, however this problem is not posed in the newer areas where ample parking facilities are available. Air Madrid used to have its office in Alcobendas, until the company folded in 2006. During the 2008 Oscar Ceremony, after receiving the prize for best Supporting Actress, marcos Pérez Jiménez, former Venezuelan dictator. Residence after being exiled from Venezuela where he lived until his death in 2001, bing Crosby died of a heart attack while on a golf course in Alcobendas. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is Csa
Alcobendas
–
The Alcobendas Rugby
Alcobendas
30.
Community of Madrid
–
The Community of Madrid is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain. It is located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, and its capital is the city of Madrid, which is also the capital of the country. The Community of Madrid is bounded to the south and east by Castile–La Mancha and to the north and west by Castile and it was formally created in 1983, based on the limits of the province of Madrid, until then conventionally included in the historical region of New Castile. The Community of Madrid is the third most populous in Spain with 6,369,167 inhabitants mostly concentrated in the area of Madrid. It is also the most densely populated autonomous community, Madrids economy is of roughly equal size to Catalonias, which remains Spains largest. Madrid thus has the highest GDP per capita in the country, some notable discoveries of the region the bell-shaped vase of Ciempozuelos. During the Roman Empire, the region was part of the Citerior Tarraconese province, except for the south-west portion of it and it was crossed by two important Roman roads, the via xxiv-xxix (joining Astorga to laminium and via xxv, and contained some important conurbations. The city of Complutum became an important metropolis, whereas Titulcia, during the period of the Visigothic Kingdom, the region lost its importance. The population was scattered amongst several small towns, Alcalá de Henares was designated the bishopric seat in the 5th century by orders of Asturio, archbishop of Toledo, but this event was not enough to bring back the lost splendor of the city. The centre of the peninsula was one of the regions of the Al-Andalus until the 11th century when it became important. The Muslim governors created a system of fortresses and towers all across the region with which they tried to stop the advance of the Christian kingdoms of the north. The fortress of Mayrit was built somewhere between 860 and 880 AD, as a walled precinct where a military and religious community lived, and it soon became the most strategic fortress in defense of the city of Toledo above the fortresses of Talamanca de Jarama and Qal-at-Abd-Al-Salam. In 1083, king Alfonso VI of Castile conquered the city of Madrid, Alcalá de Henares fell in 1118 in a new period of Castilian annexation. The feudal and ecclesiastical lords came into constant conflict with the different councils that had granted the authority to repopulate. Specifically, Alcalá de Henares was under the hands of the archbishopric of Toledo, Castilian monarchs showed a predilection for the center of the peninsula, with abundant forests and game. El Pardo was a region visited frequently by kings since the time of Henry III, the Catholic Monarchs started the construction of the Royal Palace of Aranjuez. In the 16th century, San Lorenzo de El Escorial was built, besides its growing political importance, it also became a cultural center with the foundation of the University of Alcalá de Henares in 1508. In 1561, King Philip II made Madrid the capital of the empire, the surrounding territories became economically subordinated to the town itself, even beyond the present day limits of the Community of Madrid
Community of Madrid
–
Prehistoric vessel from
Ciempozuelos, exhibited at the
National Archaeological Museum of Spain (Madrid)
Community of Madrid
–
Flag
Community of Madrid
–
City walls of
Buitrago del Lozoya
Community of Madrid
–
Castle of Manzanares el Real
31.
Roman Catholic
–
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
Roman Catholic
–
Saint Peter's Basilica,
Vatican City
Roman Catholic
–
St. Peter's Basilica,
Vatican City
Roman Catholic
–
Pope Francis, elected in the
papal conclave, 2013
Roman Catholic
–
Traditional graphic representation of the Trinity: The earliest attested version of the diagram, from a manuscript of
Peter of Poitiers ' writings, c. 1210
32.
Classical ballet
–
Classical ballet is any of the traditional, formal styles of ballet that exclusively employ classical ballet technique. It is known for its aesthetics and rigorous technique, its flowing, precise movements, there are stylistic variations related to an area or origin, which are denoted by classifications such as Russian ballet, French ballet, British ballet and Italian ballet. For example, Russian ballet features high extensions and dynamic turns, whereas Italian ballet tends to be grounded, with a focus on fast. Many of the variations are associated with specific training methods that have been named after their originators. Despite these variations, the performance and vocabulary of classical ballet are largely consistent throughout the world, Ballet originated in the Italian Renaissance courts and was brought to France by Catherine de Medici in the 16th Century. During ballets infancy, court ballets were performed by amateurs rather than professional dancers. Most of ballets early movements evolved from social dances and prominently featured stage patterns rather than formal ballet technique. In the 17th century, as ballets popularity in France increased, no longer performed by amateurs, ballet performances started to incorporate challenging acrobatic movements that could only be performed by highly skilled street entertainers. In response, the worlds first ballet school, the Académie Royale de Danse, was established by King Louis XIV in 1661. The Academies purpose was to improve the quality of training in France. Shortly after the Academie was formed, in 1672, King Louis XIV established a company called the Academie Royal de Musique de Dance. While at the Academie Royal, Beauchamp revolutionized ballet technique by inventing the five positions of ballet, Ballet technique is the foundational principles of body movement and form used in ballet. A distinctive feature of ballet technique is turnout, which is the rotation of the legs emanating from the hip. There are five positions of the feet in ballet, all performed with turnout. When performing jumps and leaps, classical ballet dancers strive to exhibit ballon, pointe technique is the part of ballet technique that concerns pointe work, in which a ballet dancer supports all body weight on the tips of fully extended feet. Students typically learn ballet terminology and the pronunciation, meaning, and precise body form, emphasis is placed on developing flexibility and strengthening the legs, feet, and body core as a strong core is essential for turns and many other ballet movements. Depending on the teacher and training system, students may progress through various stages or levels of training as their skills advance, female attire typically includes pink or flesh colored tights, a leotard, and sometimes a short wrap-skirt, or a skirted leotard. Males typically wear black or dark tights, a white, or black, shirt or leotard worn under the tights
Classical ballet
–
Painting of ballet dancers by
Edgar Degas, 1872.
Classical ballet
–
Marie Taglioni, a pioneer of
pointe work.
Classical ballet
–
Ballerina dancing en pointe
33.
Cinephile
–
Cinephilia is the term used to refer to a passionate interest in cinema, film theory and film criticism. The term is a portmanteau of the cinema and philia. A person with a passionate interest in cinema is called a cinephile, cinemaphile, or, informally, in English, it is sometimes used interchangeably with the French word cinéaste, though in the original French the term refers to a cinephile who is also a filmmaker. In a review of a book on the history of cinephilia, Mas Generis writes, Generis also introduces a quote from film scholar Annette Michelson that states that there is, No one such thing as cinephilia, but rather forms and periods of cinephilia. Since the beginning of the silent era, there have been film clubs and publications in which people who felt passionately about cinema could discuss their interests and see rare and older works. Perhaps the most notable community of the 20th century was the one that developed in Paris in the decades following World War II. In general, the cinephiles of the set a template for future like-minded groups by having keen enthusiasm for both older and contemporary films. Influential film clubs of the period included Objectif 49, whose members included Robert Bresson and Jean Cocteau, revue du Cinéma, a magazine published by members of the two clubs, later evolved into the influential film magazine Cahiers du Cinéma. Many of the people who attended the screenings became film critics and later filmmakers, the community fostered an interest in directors and films that had been neglected, forgotten or simply unknown in the West, and led to the development of the auteur theory. With the popular success of the French New Wave, film-going became fashionable in Europe, revival screenings and independently run cinemas specializing in foreign films became increasingly common. In the United States, New York City was often seen as the center of cinephile culture and this culture was also helped by the popularity in America of figures such like Pauline Kael, Andrew Sarris and Susan Sontag. Certain writers and critics, including Sontag, would come to view this as the golden age of film-going in the US. Due to growing public interest in films from countries, specialty distributors such as Janus Films. The era also saw the growth of film societies in the US. At the same time, the Parisian cinephilic culture became increasingly politicized, critics, and by extension the cinephiles who followed their work, began to emphasize political aspects of films and directors. In this very politicized climate, cinema was often seen as connected to Marxism. Many members of new generation of cinephiles would become critics and directors, including Serge Daney, Philippe Garrel. The New York Film Festival, the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival, often seen as second only to the Cannes Film Festival in terms of importance, was founded towards the end of this period, in 1976
Cinephile
–
The Italian director
Federico Fellini, a fashionable figure in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s, owed part of his popularity to the support of
film critics and the distribution of
foreign films in order to accommodate the increasingly sophisticated public.
Cinephile
–
Wong Kar-wai (pictured) is a renowned
arthouse film director from Hong Kong.
Cinephile
–
Though his films have met with mixed commercial success, American director
Michael Mann (pictured above at
Cinémathèque Française in 2009) is often considered to be a major figure by contemporary cinephiles.
Cinephile
–
American director and cinephile
Quentin Tarantino often makes references in his work to movies and directors he admires.
34.
Betamax
–
Betamax is a consumer-level analog-recording and cassette format of magnetic tape for video. It was developed by Sony and was released in Japan on May 10,1975, the first Betamax introduced in the United States was the LV-1901 console, which included a 19-inch color monitor, and appeared in stores in early November 1975. The cassettes contain 0. 50-inch-wide videotape in a similar to that of the earlier, professional 0. 75-inch-wide. Betamax is obsolete, having lost the videotape format war to VHS, production of Betamax recorders ceased in 2002, new Betamax cassettes were available until March 2016, when Sony stopped making and selling them. Like the rival videotape format VHS, Betamax has no guard band, the suffix -max, from the word maximum, was added to suggest greatness. In 1977, Sony issued the first long-play Betamax VCR, the SL-8200 and this VCR had two recording speeds, normal, and the newer half speed. This provided two hours recording on the L-500 Beta videocassette, the SL-8200 was to compete against the VHS VCRs, which allowed up to 4, and later 6 and 8, hours of recording on one cassette. Sanyo marketed a version as Betacord, which also was casually called Beta, in addition to Sony and Sanyo, Beta-format video recorders were manufactured and sold by Toshiba, Pioneer, Murphy, Aiwa, and NEC. The Zenith Electronics Corporation and WEGA Corporations contracted with Sony to produce VCRs for their product lines, the department stores Sears and Quelle sold Beta-format VCRs under their house brands, as did the RadioShack chain of electronic stores. Betamax and VHS competed in a format war, which saw VHS win in most markets. For the professional and broadcast video industry, Sony derived Betacam from Betamax, released in 1982, Betacam became the most widely used videotape format in ENG, replacing the.75 in wide U-matic tape format. But in the key area of recording, Betacam and Betamax are completely different. Sony also offered a range of industrial Betamax products, a Beta I-only format for industrial and institutional users and these were aimed at the same market as U-Matic equipment, but were cheaper and smaller. The arrival of Betacam reduced the demand for both industrial Beta and U-Matic equipment, Betamax also had a significant part to play in the music recording industry, when Sony introduced its PCM digital recording system as an encoding box/PCM adaptor that connected to a Betamax recorder. The Sony PCM-F1 adaptor was sold with a companion Betamax VCR SL-2000 as a digital audio recording system. Many recording engineers used this system in the 1980s and 1990s to make their first digital master recordings and this feature is discussed in more detail on Peep Search. Sony believed that the M-Load transports used by VHS machines made copying these trick modes impossible, betaSkipScan is now available on miniature M-load formats, but even Sony was unable to fully replicate this on VHS. BetaScan was originally called Videola until the company made the Moviola threatened legal action
Betamax
Betamax
–
Three Sony Betamax VCRs built for the American market. Top to bottom: SL-2000 portable with TT-2000 tuner/timer "Base Station" (1982); SL-HF 300 Betamax HiFi unit (1984); SL-HF 360 SuperBeta HiFi unit (1988).
Betamax
–
A rare Japanese market Betamax TV/VCR combo, the Model SL-MV1.
Betamax
–
The early-form Betacam tapes (left) are interchangeable with Betamax (right), though the recordings are not.
35.
Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!
–
The plot follows a recently released psychiatric patient who kidnaps an actress in order to make her fall in love with him. He believes his destiny is to marry her and father her children, the film was highly successful with both critics and audiences in Spain. Ricky, a 23-year-old psychiatric patient, has been deemed cured and is released from a mental institution, until then he has been the lover of the woman director of the hospital. An orphan, free, and alone, his goal is to have a life with Marina Osorio, an actress, former porn star, and recovering drug addict. Ricky discovers Marina’s whereabouts from a film journal announcement of the start of her next film and he goes to the studio where Marina is in her last day at work filming The Midnight Phantom, a Euro-horror film about a hideously mutilated, masked muscleman in love with Marina’s character. The film is directed by Máximo Espejo, an old film director confined to a wheelchair after a stroke, Máximo is a gentle mentor to Marina and threatens to throw out a journalist who mentions the words porn and junkie in Marina’s presence. His protection of the actress is not completely innocent since he is attracted to Marina and lusts after her. When Ricky comes to the set, he steals a few items including the keys to Marina’s apartment and before long. Ricky, with a wig, does a handstand to try to capture her attention. Marina does not remember him and quickly dismisses him, after filming the last scene, Marina goes home to change for the post-shoot party. Ricky follows her to her apartment, when she answers the door, Ricky forces his way in. He grabs her and headbutts her to silence her when she screams, he tapes her mouth, Marina wakes with a terrible toothache, which normal painkillers do not relieve as she is addicted to stronger drugs. Ricky explains that he has captured her so that when she gets to him better she will fall in love. Ill never love you, ever, says Marina, understandably enraged at being handcuffed, gagged and lashed to the bed, well see, says Ricky, who would do anything to win her heart. Marina is shocked and in pain, and eventually persuades Ricky to take her to a doctor who can give her the necessary painkillers, Ricky barely leaves her alone with the doctor, and she is unable to communicate her plight. They cannot get the drugs in the pharmacy so Ricky goes off to get them on the black market, however, rather than paying the street price, he attacks the dealer to get the tablets. During the after-filming party Marina’s sister, Lola, who is the assistant director of The Midnight Phantom, increasingly worried about her sister’s disappearance, Lola visits Marinas apartment and leaves a note. To avoid being discovered, Ricky moves Marina to her next door neighbor’s apartment, the apartment is empty, but the owner has left his keys with Lola so she can water his plants while he is away during the summer
Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!
–
Theatrical release poster
36.
Casting call
–
The casting process involves a series of auditions before a casting panel, composed of individuals such as the producer, director and/or choreographer. In the early stages of the process, performers often may present prepared audition pieces such as monologues or songs and these audition pieces are usually video taped, attached with resumes, and head shots and then shared with producers, directors and studio representatives. Depending on the prestige of the role, casting calls may go out to the public at large, in the production of film and television, a similar process is followed. Character breakdowns, part of the breakdown, are often provided to auditioners. An actor may go through casting calls before receiving a part. Independent casting studios are used for casting calls so that the castings can take place in various locations. For some major productions, the process of selecting actors for sometimes hundreds of parts may require specialized staff. While the last word remains with the people in charge, artistic and production, a casting director is sometimes assisted by a casting associate, productions with large numbers of extras may have their own extras casting director. The CD remains as a liaison between director, actors and their agents/managers and the studio/network to get the characters in the script cast, at least in the early stages and for extras, casting may be decentralized geographically, often in conjunction with actual shooting planned in different locations. Another reason may be tapping into each home market in the case of an international co-production, the resulting list of actors filling the parts is called a cast list
Casting call
–
Casting call for
black cats, Los Angeles, 1961. The studio was seeking cats for the
Roger Corman movie
Tales of Terror.
37.
Mecano
–
Mecano was a Spanish pop band formed in 1981 and active until 1992. Mecano became one of the most successful Spanish pop bands of all time, the band is still the best-selling Spanish band to this date, reaching over 25 million albums worldwide. They had a comeback in 1998. They were considered by some to be avant-garde for their time, the trios musical career spanned two distinct stages. The unprecedented success also hit Latin America, also, thanks to adaptations to other languages of several of their songs, they influenced non-Spanish speaking countries such as Italy and France, as with their Une femme avec une femme. That foreign song remains to date the one which has been for the most weeks at the top of the French charts. Some of their biggest number one singles include Me Cuesta Tanto Olvidarte, La Fuerza del Destino, Hijo de la Luna, Cruz de Navajas, Une femme avec une femme, and El 7 de Septiembre. The band started as an ensemble by brothers Nacho and José María Cano, along with singer Ana Torroja. Their first, self-titled album became a collection of classics that would later represent Spanish 1980s pop music, at the same time, Nacho Cano branched out into producing other bands, and both brothers started writing songs for other pop up-and-comers. Although those secondary acts wouldnt achieve the level of success Mecano gained, having achieved another huge hit in 1986 with Me cuesta tanto olvidarte, the band reformed its musical approach with the album Entre el cielo y el suelo. Their new style emphasized pop over techno and it also facilitated the export of their music to Latin America. This new versatility was evidenced by Hijo de la Luna and this song was also submitted by the band as a potential contestant for Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, but TVE selected another band, Cadillac. Their follow-up album, Descanso dominical, produced two of their most popular singles, La fuerza del destino, actress Penélope Cruz debuted in the clip for it. She later had a relationship with Nacho Cano for several years, the latter is about a lesbian relationship, seen through the eyes of a friend, who only later realizes what is going on. It was recorded in French, English and Italian, giving Mecano their first truly global hit, aidalai, their following album, was published in 1991 and was as successful as their previous two works. El 7 de septiembre was dedicated to Coloma Fernández Armero, who was Nacho Canos girlfriend for several years and it was the last original album of the band. In 1993 the band announced a temporary hiatus, in 1998 the band released the album Ana, Jose, Nacho, which mixed new songs with greatest hits. The band separated later that year and all three went on to have solo careers, though only Ana found success as a singer
Mecano
–
Mecano
38.
Telecinco
–
Telecinco is a Spanish commercial television channel operated by Mediaset España Comunicación. Launched in 1990 as Tele 5, it was the fifth of the terrestrial television channels. In 1997, Tele 5 was rebranded as Telecinco, dropping the logo seen in other Mediaset channel logos. In 2014, Telecinco was the most viewed channel in Spain with a share of 14, Telecinco is a general channel catering for all audiences. It shows popular films, series, entertainment shows, the channel is also known for its reality shows, having produced a number of popular series in the last decade, Gran Hermano, Supervivientes, Hotel Glam, Operación Triunfo, amongst others. Reality shows feed many of the other programmes such as the morning show El Programa de Ana Rosa, the afternoon and famous show Sálvame. All of these experienced a substantial ratings boost thanks to the Reality Effect. Telecinco had digitalised their production facilities and it allowed them to broadcast their channels in up to Spanish and original language, stereo sound, interactive services and high-definition television
Telecinco
–
Telecinco
39.
People (American magazine)
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People is an American weekly magazine of celebrity and human-interest stories, published by Time Inc. With a readership of 46.6 million adults, People has the largest audience of any American magazine, People had $997 million in advertising revenue in 2011, the highest advertising revenue of any American magazine. In 2006, it had a circulation of 3.75 million and it was named Magazine of the Year by Advertising Age in October 2005, for excellence in editorial, circulation and advertising. People ranked #6 on Advertising Ages annual A-list and #3 on Adweeks Brand Blazers list in October 2006, the magazine runs a roughly 50/50 mix of celebrity and human-interest articles. Peoples website, People. com, focuses on celebrity news, in February 2015, the website broke a new record,72 million unique visitors. People is perhaps best known for its special issues naming the Worlds Most Beautiful, Best & Worst Dressed. The magazines headquarters are in New York and it maintains editorial bureaus in Los Angeles, for economic reasons it closed bureaus in Austin, Miami, and Chicago in 2006. In December 2016, LaTavia Roberson engaged in a feud with People after alleging they misquoted and misrepresented her interview online. The concept for People has been attributed to Andrew Heiskell, Time Inc. s chief executive officer at the time, the founding managing editor of People was Richard B. Stolley, an assistant managing editor at Life and the journalist who acquired the Zapruder tapes of the John F. Kennedy assassination for Time Inc. in 1963. Peoples first publisher was Richard J. Durrell, another Time Inc. veteran, Stolley characterized the magazine as getting back to the people who are causing the news and who are caught up in it, or deserve to be in it. Our focus is on people, not issues, stolleys almost religious determination to keep the magazine people-focused contributed significantly to its rapid early success. It is said that although Time Inc. pumped an estimated $40 million into the venture, initially, the magazine was sold primarily on newsstands and in supermarkets. To get the magazine out each week, founding staff members regularly slept on the floor of their offices two or three nights each week and severely limited all non-essential outside engagements. The premier edition for the week ending March 4,1974 featured actress Mia Farrow, then starring in the movie The Great Gatsby and that issue also featured stories on Gloria Vanderbilt, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and the wives of U. S. Vietnam veterans who were Missing In Action, the magazine was, apart from its cover, printed in black-and-white. The initial cover price was 35 cents, the core of the small founding editorial team included other editors, writers, photographers and photo editors from Life magazine, which had ceased publication just 13 months earlier. This group included managing editor Stolley, senior editors Hal Wingo, Sam Angeloff and Robert Emmett Ginna, writers James Watters and Ronald B
People (American magazine)
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The December 1, 2014, edition of People
People (American magazine)
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People
People (American magazine)
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Teen People cover, April 2006
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Los Angeles Daily News
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The Los Angeles Daily News is the second-largest-circulating paid daily newspaper of Los Angeles, California. It is the flagship of the Los Angeles Newspaper Group, a branch of Colorado-based Digital First Media, the offices of the Daily News are in Woodland Hills, and much of the papers reporting is targeted toward readers in the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles. Its stories tend to focus on issues involving valley businesses, education, the current editor is Frank Pine. The Daily News began life in 1911 as the Van Nuys Call, in 1953, the newspaper was renamed the Van Nuys News and Valley Green Sheet. During this period, the newspaper was delivered four times a week for free to readers in 14 zoned editions in the San Fernando Valley, in 1971, the newspaper was sold to the Tribune Company by the original family owners. During this period, circulation increased to 210,000, in 1981, the paper changed its name to the Daily News of Los Angeles and became a daily publication. In 1985, Tribune sold the paper to Jack Kent Cooke, when the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner went out of business November 2,1989, it left the Daily News the second-biggest paper in the city behind the Los Angeles Times. Upon Cookes death in 1998, William Dean Singletons MediaNews purchased the newspaper, the group briefly published local editions for the Antelope Valley, Santa Clarita and Ventura County. However, to cut costs and consolidate resources, the editions were eliminated. As part of circulation reporting for the Southern California News Group, the Daily News bears no relation to an earlier Los Angeles Daily News, a morning newspaper based in Downtown Los Angeles which ceased publication on December 18,1954. It endorsed Barack Obama for president in 2008, but then endorsed his opponent Mitt Romney in 2012
Los Angeles Daily News
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Los Angeles Daily News
41.
Deseret News
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The Deseret News is a newspaper published in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. It is Utahs oldest continuously published daily newspaper and has the largest Sunday circulation in the state, the News is owned by Deseret News Publishing Company, a subsidiary of Deseret Management Corporation, a holding company owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The newspaper is printed by the Newspaper Agency Corporation, which it co-owns with The Salt Lake Tribune under a joint operating agreement, in 2006, combined circulation of the two papers was 151,422. The Church News includes news of the LDS Church and has published since 1931, while the Mormon Times is about the people, faith. Since 1974 the Deseret News has also published the Church Almanac, the editorial tone of the Deseret News is usually described as moderate to conservative, and is often assumed to reflect the values of its owner, the LDS Church. For example, the newspaper does not accept advertising that violates church standards, Phelps left Winter Quarters sometime in May, and went to Boston by way of the former Mormon settlement of Nauvoo, Illinois. In Boston, with the help of William I, appleby, the president of the Churchs Eastern States Mission, and Church member Alexander Badlam, Phelps was able to procure a wrought iron Ramage hand-press, type, and other required equipment. He returned to Winter Quarters on November 12,1847, with the press, due partly to its size and weight, the press and equipment would not be taken to Salt Lake City until 1849. By that time many of the Mormon pioneers had left Winter Quarters, in April 1849 the press and other church property was loaded onto ox drawn wagons, and traveled with the Howard Egan Company along the Mormon Trail. The wagon company, with the press, arrived in the Salt Lake Valley August 7,1849, the press was moved into a small adobe building that also served as a coin mint for the settlers. The press was at first used to print the necessary documents used in setting up the provisional State of Deseret, the first issue of the Deseret News was published June 15,1850, and was 8 pages long. Because it was meant to be the voice of the State of Deseret, it was called the Deseret News and it was at first a weekly Saturday publication, and published in pamphlet form in hopes that readers would have the papers bound into volumes. Subscription rate was $2.50 for six months, a jobs press, usually called the Deseret News Press, was also set up so the News could print books, booklets, handbills, broadsides, etc. for paying customers and other publishers. From the beginning paper shortages were a problem for the News staff, starting with the October 19,1850 issue—only four months after publication began—the paper had to be changed to a bi-weekly publication. Even so, many times in the 1850s there were periods when the News could not be published for lack of paper. The publishers asked everyone to donate old paper and cloth to the venture, in the summer of 1854 the first issues of the News were published on homemade paper that was very thick, and grayish in color. Even with paper shortages, occasionally a News extra would be published, during a turbulent time period, later known as the Utah War, the News presses and equipment were moved to the central and southern parts of the state. As armed forces of the United States camped just outside the state at Fort Bridger, Cannon was assigned to take some presses and equipment to Fillmore while Henry McEwan was to take the remainder to Parowan
Deseret News
Deseret News
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Front page of the first issue of the Deseret News, published June 15, 1850
Deseret News
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The
Utah Territorial Statehouse, home of the News during the
Utah War
Deseret News
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An early News printing press displayed in the statehouse basement
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