1.
Spanish naming customs
–
Spanish naming customs are historical traditions for naming children practised in Spain. According to these customs, a persons name consists of a name followed by two family names. The first surname is usually the fathers first surname, and the second the mothers first surname, in recent years, the order of the surnames can be reversed at birth if it is so decided by the parents. Currently in Spain, people bear a single or composite given name, a composite given name comprises two single names, for example Juan Pablo is considered not to be a first and a second forename, but a single composite forename. The two surnames refer to each of the parental families, traditionally, a persons first surname is the fathers first surname, and the second one is the mothers first surname. From 2013, if the parents of a child are unable to agree on order of surnames, the law also grants a person the option, upon reaching adulthood, of reversing the order of their surnames. Each surname can also be composite, the parts usually linked by the y or e. For example, a name might be Juan Pablo Fernández de Calderón García-Iglesias, consisting of a forename, a paternal surname. There are times when it is impossible, by inspection of a name, for example, the writer Sebastià Juan Arbó was alphabetised by the Library of Congress for many years under Arbó, assuming that Sebastiá and Juan were both given names. However, Juan was actually his first surname, to resolve questions like this, which typically involve very common names, one must consult the person involved, or legal documents. A man named José Antonio Gómez Iglesias would normally be addressed as either señor Gómez or señor Gómez Iglesias instead of señor Iglesias, because Gómez is his first surname. Furthermore, Mr. Gómez might be addressed as José Antonio, José, Pepe, Antonio, or Toño Jose, Joselito, Josito, Joselillo, Josico or Joselín, Antoñito, Tonín or Nono. Very formally, he could be addressed with an honorific as don José Antonio or don José, colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez is sometimes incorrectly referred to in English media as Mr. Márquez, when it should be Mr. García Márquez or, simply, Mr. García. It is not unusual, when the first surname is very common, for example, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero is often called simply Zapatero, the name he inherited from his mothers family, since Rodríguez is a common surname and may be ambiguous. The same occurs with another former Spanish Socialist leader, Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, with the poet and dramatist Federico García Lorca, as these peoples paternal names are very common, they are often called with their maternal names. It would nonetheless be a mistake to index José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero under Z as Zapatero, a practical option to spare an explanation is using a single surname composed of two separate words. Parents choose their childs name, which must be recorded in the Registro Civil to establish his or her legal identity. With few restrictions, parents can now choose any name, common sources of names are the parents taste, honouring a relative, the General Roman Calendar nomina, legislation in Spain under Franco legally limited cultural naming customs to only Christian and typical Spanish names
2.
Madrid
–
Madrid is the capital city of the Kingdom of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole. The city has a population of almost 3.2 million with an area population of approximately 6.5 million. It is the third-largest city in the European Union after London and Berlin, the municipality itself covers an area of 604.3 km2. Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid, this community is bordered by the communities of Castile and León. As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, and residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political, economic, the current mayor is Manuela Carmena from Ahora Madrid. Madrid is home to two football clubs, Real Madrid and Atlético de Madrid. Madrid is the 17th most liveable city in the according to Monocle magazine. Madrid organises fairs such as FITUR, ARCO, SIMO TCI, while Madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the look and feel of many of its historic neighbourhoods and streets. Cibeles Palace and Fountain have become one of the monument symbols of the city, the first documented reference of the city originates in Andalusan times as the Arabic مجريط Majrīṭ, which was retained in Medieval Spanish as Magerit. A wider number of theories have been formulated on possible earlier origins, according to legend, Madrid was founded by Ocno Bianor and was named Metragirta or Mantua Carpetana. The most ancient recorded name of the city Magerit comes from the name of a built on the Manzanares River in the 9th century AD. Nevertheless, it is speculated that the origin of the current name of the city comes from the 2nd century BC. The Roman Empire established a settlement on the banks of the Manzanares river, the name of this first village was Matrice. In the 8th century, the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula saw the changed to Mayrit, from the Arabic term ميرا Mayra. The modern Madrid evolved from the Mozarabic Matrit, which is still in the Madrilenian gentilic, after the disintegration of the Caliphate of Córdoba, Madrid was integrated in the Taifa of Toledo. With the surrender of Toledo to Alfonso VI of León and Castile, the city was conquered by Christians in 1085, Christians replaced Muslims in the occupation of the centre of the city, while Muslims and Jews settled in the suburbs. The city was thriving and was given the title of Villa, since 1188, Madrid won the right to be a city with representation in the courts of Castile. In 1202, King Alfonso VIII of Castile gave Madrid its first charter to regulate the municipal council, which was expanded in 1222 by Ferdinand III of Castile
3.
Actor
–
An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
4.
Model (person)
–
A model is a person with a role either to promote, display, or advertise commercial products or to serve as a visual aide for people who are creating works of art or to pose for photography. Modelling is considered to be different from other types of public performance, although the difference between modelling and performing is not always clear, appearing in a film or a play is not generally considered to be modelling. Types of modelling include, fashion, glamour, fitness, bikini, fine art, body-part, Models are featured in a variety of media formats including, books, magazines, films, newspapers, internet and TV. Fashion models are featured in films, reality TV shows. Celebrities, including actors, singers, sports personalities and reality TV stars, modelling as a profession was first established in 1853 by Charles Frederick Worth, the father of haute couture, when he asked his wife, Marie Vernet Worth, to model the clothes he designed. The term house model was coined to describe this type of work, eventually, this became common practice for Parisian fashion houses. There were no standard physical measurement requirements for a model, with the development of fashion photography, the modelling profession expanded to photo modelling. Models remained fairly anonymous, and relatively poorly paid, until the late 1950s, one of the first well-known models was Lisa Fonssagrives, who was very popular in the 1930s. Fonssagrives appeared on over 200 Vogue covers, and her name recognition led to the importance of Vogue in shaping the careers of fashion models. In 1946, Ford Models was established by Eileen and Gerard Ford in New York, one of the most popular models during the 1940s was Jinx Falkenburg who was paid $25 per hour, a large sum at the time. During the 1940s and 1950s, Wilhelmina Cooper, Jean Patchett, Dovima, Dorian Leigh, Suzy Parker, Evelyn Tripp, Carmen DellOrefice, dorothea Church was among the first black models in the industry to gain notoriety in Paris. However, these models were unknown outside the fashion community, compared to todays models, the models of the 1950s were more voluptuous. Wilhelmina Coopers measurements were 38-24-36 whereas Chanel Imans measurements are 32-23-33, in the 1960s, the modelling world began to establish modelling agencies. Throughout Europe, secretarial services acted as models agents charging them weekly rates for their messages, for the most part, models were responsible for their own billing. In Germany, agents were not allowed to work for a percentage of a persons earnings, with the exception of a few models travelling to Paris or New York, travelling was relatively unheard of for a model. Most models only worked in one market due to different labor laws governing modelling in various countries, in the 1960s, Italy had many fashion houses and fashion magazines but was in dire need of models. Italian agencies would often coerce models to return to Italy without work visas by withholding their pay and they would also pay their models in cash, which models would have to hide from customs agents. It was not uncommon for models staying in such as La Louisiana in Paris or the Arena in Milan to have their hotel rooms raided by the police looking for their work visas
5.
Javier Bardem
–
Javier Ángel Encinas Bardem is a Spanish actor. Bardem won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as the psychopathic assassin Anton Chigurh in the 2007 Coen brothers film No Country for Old Men. Bardem has also won a Screen Actors Guild Award, a BAFTA, five Goya Awards and he is the first Spanish actor to be nominated for an Oscar, as well as the first Spaniard to win one. He received his third Academy Award nomination, and second Best Actor nomination, Bardem was born in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands, Spain. His mother, Pilar Bardem, is an actress, and his father, the two separated shortly after his birth. Both his older brother and sister, Carlos and Mónica, are actors and he also comes from a political background, as his uncle Juan Antonio was imprisoned by Franco for his anti-fascist films. Bardem was brought up in the Roman Catholic faith by his grandmother, as a child, he spent time at theatres and on film sets. At age six, he made his first film appearance, in Fernando Fernán Gómezs El Pícaro and he also played rugby for the junior Spanish National Team. Though he grew up in a full of actors, Bardem did not see himself going into the family business. Actually, painting was his first love and he went on to study painting for four years at Madrids Escuela de Artes y Oficios. In need of money he took acting jobs to support his painting, but he also says he was a bad painter and eventually abandoned that career pursuit. In 1989, for the Spanish comedy show El Día Por Delante, he had to wear a Superman costume for a comedic sketch, Bardem has confessed to having worked as a stripper during his struggling acting career. Bardem came to notice in a role in his first major motion picture, The Ages of Lulu. The film, which starred a teenaged Penélope Cruz, was a major international success. He then starred again in Lunas next film Golden Balls, Bardems talent did not go unnoticed in the English-speaking world. In 1997, John Malkovich was the first to him, then a 27-year-old, for a role in English. His first English-speaking role came that year, in with director Álex de la Iglesias Perdita Durango. After starring in two dozen films in his native country, he gained international recognition in Julian Schnabels Before Night Falls in 2000
6.
Open Your Eyes (1997 film)
–
Abre los ojos is a 1997 Spanish film co-written, co-scored and directed by Alejandro Amenábar and co-written by Mateo Gil. It stars Eduardo Noriega, Penélope Cruz, Fele Martínez and Najwa Nimri, in 2002, Open Your Eyes was ranked No.84 in the Top 100 Sci-Fi List by the Online Film Critics Society. The movies intersecting planes of dream and reality have prompted critics to suggest comparisons to Calderóns play Life Is a Dream. An American remake entitled Vanilla Sky, directed by Cameron Crowe, was released in 2001, a young, handsome man wakes up to a female voice telling him to open his eyes. He drives to an empty city and he wakes up again, this time to a woman in his bed. He tells her not to leave messages on his alarm, from a prison cell in Madrid, the 25-year-old man, César, tells his story to psychiatrist Antonio while wearing a prosthetic mask. Flashbacks reveal the events, good-looking César is attractive to women. At his birthday party, he flirts with Sofía, a classmate of his best friend, later on, he takes her home and stays the night, although they do not sleep together. The next morning, Césars obsessive ex-lover Nuria pulls up outside Sofías flat, offering him a ride, on the way to her home, however, she crashes the car with the intent to kill them both. César is horribly disfigured, beyond the help of cosmetic surgery, Sofía cannot bear to see him and tries to keep the distance. After Césars disfigurement, he begins to have a series of disorienting experiences, drunk, César falls asleep in the street. On awakening, everything has changed, Sofía now claims to love him, but as he makes love to Sofía one night, she suddenly changes into Nuria. Horrified, César smothers her with a pillow, yet finds everyone else believes Nuria was indeed the woman everyone else calls Sofía, while he is confined to the prison, fragments of his past return to him as if in a dream. He had committed suicide at home after sleeping drunk on the street and his experiences from about the midpoint of the movie onwards have been a dream, spliced retroactively into his actual life and replacing his true memories. At the end of the film he elects to wake up, Eduardo Noriega as César, a young confident man, who has money and success with women. The day after his party, the main character gets into a car accident which destroys his face. After such a trauma, he never be the same again. Fele Martínez as Pelayo, Césars best friend, whose personality is marked by his inferiority complex when it comes to meeting women, Penélope Cruz as Sofía, the woman César falls in love with right before his car accident
7.
The Hi-Lo Country
–
It is set in post-World War II New Mexico and is based on the novel by Western author Max Evans. Don Walser appears in a dance sequence and sings a memorable Western swing. Rodeo announcer Bob Tallman appears as himself in the film, in post-World War II best friends Big Boy Matson and Pete Calder return home to find half of their town employed by corporate cattle baron Jim Ed Love. The fuse is lit when Mona, the wife of Jim Eds foreman, petes past longings for Mona resurface with his discovery of the affair and the bond of friendship becomes sorely tested. The film was regarded by critics and film festivals as an example of the classic Western movie genre. Bob Graham of the San Francisco Chronicle said, The traditional settings of Westerns are honored, the saloon, the hall, the rodeo, the cattle drive. Hi-Lo is not only the name of the flatlands where the story takes place, it is also a poker game. Stephen Holden of the New York Times said, In its best moments the movie feels like a hybrid of Red River. Winner Silver Bear for Best Director - 49th Berlin International Film Festival, factory rereleased the film on DVD. The Hi-Lo Country at the Internet Movie Database The Hi-Lo Country at Box Office Mojo The Hi-Lo Country at Rotten Tomatoes
8.
Vanilla Sky
–
Vanilla Sky is a 2001 American science fiction psychological thriller romance film directed, written, and co-produced by Cameron Crowe. It is an English-language remake of Alejandro Amenábars 1997 Spanish film Open Your Eyes, the film has been described as an odd mixture of science fiction, romance and reality warp. Vanilla Sky stars Tom Cruise, Penelope Cruz, and Cameron Diaz with Jason Lee and it received an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song, as well as Screen Actors Guild and Golden Globe Award nominations for Cameron Diazs performance. The soundtrack was critically acclaimed. Vanilla Sky was released on Blu-ray on June 30,2015 in North America, from a prison cell where he has been charged with murder, David Aames, in a prosthetic mask, tells his life story to court psychologist, Dr. Curtis McCabe. In flashback, David is shown to be the owner of a large publishing firm in New York City which he inherited from his father. As David enjoys the lifestyle, he is introduced to Sofia Serrano by his best friend. David and Sofia spend a night talking and fall in love. When Davids former lover, Julianna Julie Gianni, hears of Sofia, she attempts to kill herself, Julie dies but David survives, his face grotesquely disfigured, leading him to wear a mask to hide the injuries. With no hope to use plastic surgery to repair the damage, on a night out with Sofia and Brian, David gets hopelessly drunk and Sofia and Brian leave David to wallow in the street outside. David is awakened the next day in the street by Sofia, who apologises for deserting him the night before, the two continue to see each other, and David has his face surgically repaired despite being told it was impossible before. One day, when he goes to Sofias apartment, he finds Julie there instead, angry and confused, David suffocates Julie, and is later arrested and placed in a mental institution, finding his face has reverted to its previously disfigured state. David completes telling his story to Curtis, who proceeds to then visit David further for more sessions to try to help him recuperate, during one interview Curtis tells David the staff reported him calling out Ellie in a bad dream and asks who she is. David later sees a nearby TV advertisement for Life Extension, a company specializes in cryonic suspension. David becomes anxious and breaks free of Curtis, realizing he is in his own lucid dream that has gone wrong and they ride up in an elevator to the top of an impossibly tall building, the height triggering Davids severe acrophobia. The man explains that David has been in cryonic sleep for 150 years, however, during his sleep, the dream went horribly wrong and attempted to incorporate elements from his subconscious, such as substituting Julie for Sofia and creating a father-figure in Curtis. David decides to wake up, ignoring the vision of Curtis that his subconscious has brought to life to him out of it. David envisions Sofia and Brian to say his goodbyes, conquering his final fear, David jumps off the building, his life flashing before his eyes, and whites out immediately before hitting the ground
9.
All the Pretty Horses (film)
–
All the Pretty Horses is a 2000 American romance western film produced and directed by Billy Bob Thornton, and based on Cormac McCarthys novel of the same name. Starring Matt Damon and Penélope Cruz, the film was released on Christmas Day 2000 to mostly negative reviews and it grossed $18 million worldwide, against a $57 million budget. In 1949, young cowboy John Grady Coles maternal grandfather dies, John had grown up on his grandfathers ranch, but it was put up for sale when the old man died. His mother has no ties to it anymore, and would rather have the money. With no home, John asks his best friend Lacey Rawlins to leave his family ranch in San Angelo, Texas and join him to travel on horseback to cross the border 150 miles south, to seek work in Mexico. They encounter a peculiar 13-year-old boy named Jimmy Blevins on the trail to Mexico, later on they meet a young aristocrats daughter, Alejandra Villarreal, with whom Cole falls in love. Cole and Rawlins become hired hands for Alejandras father, who likes their work, Cole and Rawlins are sent to a Mexican prison for abetting Blevins crimes, where they must defend themselves against dangerous inmates. The pair are nearly killed. Alejandras aunt frees Cole and Rawlins, on the condition that she never sees them again, while Rawlins returns to his parents ranch in Texas, Cole attempts to reunite with Alejandra over her familys objections. Her aunt is confident that Alejandra will keep her word and not get together with Cole - so much so that she even gives Cole her nieces phone number. Cole urges Alejandra to come to Texas with him and she, however, decides she must keep her word and though she loves him, she will not go with him. Cole then sets out to get revenge on the captain who took the Blevins boys life, as well as to get back his, Laceys and Blevins horses. After making the captain his prisoner, he turns him over to Mexican men, Cole is spared the decision to kill the captain, but it is implied the men whom the captain was turned over to will do that. Reentering the USA and riding through a town in Texas. He asks a couple of men if they would be interested in buying a rifle, one is a sheriffs deputy and arrests him because all three horses have different brands, and they suspect Cole is a horse thief. In court, Cole tells the judge his story from the beginning, the judge believes him and orders Cole freed and the horses returned to him. Later that evening, Cole shows up at the judges home, the judge tells him he is being too hard on himself and it could not have been helped, he must go on and live his life. Cole rides to Rawlins familys ranch, where he asks his friend if he wants his horse back. C, franklin All the Pretty Horses was filmed on location in New Mexico and Texas
10.
Captain Corelli's Mandolin (film)
–
Captain Corellis Mandolin is a war film directed by John Madden. It is based on the novel of the name by author Louis de Bernières. The film pays homage to the thousands of Italian soldiers executed by German forces in Cephalonia in September 1943, the novels protagonists are portrayed by actors Nicolas Cage and Penélope Cruz. Greeces Ionian Islands are invaded by the Italian army when it brings a large garrison, captain Antonio Corelli, an officer of the Italian 33rd Acqui Infantry Division, has a jovial personality and a passion for the mandolin, and trains his battery of men, to choral sing. Initially he alienates a number of villagers, including Pelagia, the daughter of the village doctor and she is an educated and strong-willed woman. When Pelagias fiance, Mandras, a fisherman, heads off to war on the mainland. Her beauty and intelligence have captured Corellis heart, and his fondness for the vibrant community has caused him to question his reasons for fighting. Corelli, and his battery of musical troops, becomes a part of the villagers lives, as the war grows closer, Antonio and Pelagia are forced to choose between their allegiances and the love they feel for one another. The Italian government surrenders to the Allies, and the Italian troops happily prepare to return home, however, their erstwhile allies, the Germans, insist on disarming them, intemperately and violently. The Greeks are also exposed to the brutality of the incoming Germans, for this, the German High Command has thousands of the Italian troops shot as traitors. Corelli survives when one of his soldiers shields him from the fusillade of the German executioners bullets with his body, and falls dead on top of him. Mandras finds Corelli, still alive among the pile of massacred soldiers, and takes him to Pelagia and the doctor for treatment and recovery, and then to a boat to escape the island. As a result of Pelagias questioning, Mandras admits that he rescued Corelli from the heap of dead soldiers because he wanted to re-kindle their love, but it does no good and the couple part. Earlier, on one of Mandrass return visits to Cephallonia, he advises Pelagia that the reason he never replied to her love letters is because he is illiterate. In 1947, Pelagia receives a parcel from Italy containing a record of the tune Corelli wrote for her, an earthquake destroys much of the village including the doctors house, but island life continues, and, soon after, Corelli returns to Pelagia. It brought in only $25,543,895 domestically, the movie cost $57 million to produce. The films plot deviated somewhat from the novels, with many of the books tragic episodes softened. It maintains a 29% rating according to Rotten Tomatoes with the consensus, The cinematography is gorgeous, but the plays it fast and loose with history
11.
Blow (film)
–
Blow is a 2001 American biographical crime film about the American cocaine smuggler George Jung, directed by Ted Demme. David McKenna and Nick Cassavetes adapted Bruce Porters 1993 book Blow, How a Small Town Boy Made $100 Million with the Medellín Cocaine Cartel and it is based on the real-life stories of George Jung, Pablo Escobar, Carlos Lehder Rivas, and the Medellín Cartel. The films title comes from a term for cocaine. Blow was the theatrical film directed by Demme to be released in his lifetime. The film opens to a young George Jung and his parents Fred and Ermine of Weymouth, when George is ten years old, Fred files for bankruptcy and loses everything, but tries to make George realize that money is not important. As an adult, George moves to Los Angeles with his friend Tuna, they meet Barbara, a stewardess, who introduces them to Derek Foreal. With Dereks help, George and Tuna make a lot of money, kevin Dulli, a college student back in Boston, visits them and tells them of the enormous market—and demand—for pot in Boston. With Barbaras help, they start bringing the drugs to Boston, as the demand grows, they decide to start buying the drugs directly from Mexico with the help of Santiago Sanchez, a Mexican drug lord. But two years later, George is caught in Chicago trying to import 660 pounds of marijuana and is sentenced to two years. After unsuccessfully trying to plead his innocence, George skips bail to take care of Barbara, who is suffering from and her death marks the disbanding of the group of friends, even his friend, Tuna, flees their vacation home in Mexico and is never seen again. While hiding from the authorities, George visits his parents back in New England, while he is having a heart-to-heart talk with his father, Georges mother calls the police, who come and arrest him. George is now sentenced to 26 months in a prison in Danbury. His cellmate Diego Delgado has contacts in the Medellín cocaine cartel, upon his release from prison, George violates his parole conditions and heads down to Cartagena, Colombia to meet up with Diego. They meet with cartel officer Cesar Rosa to negotiate the terms for smuggling 15 kilograms to establish good faith, as the smuggling operation grows, Diego gets arrested, leaving George to find a way to sell 50 kg and get the money in time. George reconnects with Derek in California, and the two successfully sell all 50 kg in 36 hours, amassing a $1.35 million profit. George is then whisked off to Medellín, Colombia, where he meets the groups leader, Pablo Escobar. With the help of main middleman Derek, the pair becomes Escobars top US importer, at Diegos wedding, George meets Cesars fiancée Mirtha and marries her. However, Diego resents George for keeping Dereks identity secret and pressures George to reveal his connection, George eventually discovers that Diego has betrayed him by cutting him out of the connection with Derek
12.
Waking Up in Reno
–
Waking Up in Reno is a 2002 American road comedy-drama film directed by Jordan Brady. The screenplay by Brent Briscoe and Mark Fauser focuses on two redneck couples taking a trip from Little Rock to Reno to see a monster truck rally. Lonnie Earl Dodd is a Little Rock car dealer who stars in his own television commercials. He and his wife Darlene are best friends with Roy and Candy Kirkendall, when the two couples decide to drive cross-country to see a monster truck rally, Lonnie Earl pulls a new SUV off his lot and the four set off. En route, they stop at an Amarillo, Texas restaurant where Lonnie Earl is determined to win a free dinner by consuming a 72-ounce steak, Darlene longs to see the Grand Canyon, but Lonnie Earl insists they stick to their schedule and refuses to fulfill her dream. It becomes increasingly clear Darlene is living timidly in her husbands shadow, kowtowing to his demands, in Reno, a fortune teller tells Candy she is expecting a baby, and she buys several home pregnancy tests to see if she is right. Shes overjoyed when all the results are positive, but complications arise when Roy calls Doc Tuley for the results of a fertility test he took before leaving home, Roy is sterile, and therefore clearly not the father of Candys child. Darlene notices an uneasy glance between Lonnie Earl and Candy and realizes the two have been having an affair. Devastated, she herself to a complete and very expensive makeover and goes to see Tony Orlando perform. Meanwhile, Roy is in the hotel trying to make headway with Brenda. Eventually the two return to their suite, where they engage in loud arguments and fisticuffs. In an epilogue we learn Roy and Candy are the parents of three children, the results of the fertility test having been incorrect. Lonnie Earl and a confident Darlene are equal partners in his business and he continued, Well, they could be, if they had anything really at risk. But the film is way too gentle to back them into a corner, theyre nice people whose problems are all solved with sitcom dialogue, and the profoundly traditional screenplay makes sure that love and family triumph in the end. Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times observed, The one thing that can be said of Waking Up in Reno is that its rigorously consistent. Every note rings false, for writers Brent Briscoe and Mark Fauser have overlooked no stereotypes or clichés of small-town blue-collar speech, sean Axmaker of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer noted the tepid script is neither satire nor farce, and the soap-opera twists are far too tame to spark the material. With the low-gear direction by Jordan Brady, you think he has some heavy hauling to do. This half-baked production sat on Miramaxs shelf for a couple of years and its no more done now than then, merely more stale
13.
Gothika
–
Gothika is a 2003 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Mathieu Kassovitz and written by Sebastian Gutierrez. Halle Berry plays a psychiatrist in a mental hospital who wakes up one day to find herself on the other side of the bars. The film was first released on November 21,2003 in the United States, at the time of its release, Gothika was the most successful film from Dark Castle Entertainment with $141.6 million. Psychiatrist Dr. Miranda Grey who works at the Woodward Penitentiary For Women, has a car accident after trying to avoid a girl on a road during a stormy night and she rushes to try to help the girl. The girl turns out to be a ghost and possesses Mirandas body, Miranda next wakes up in the very hospital she works for, but as a patient treated by her co-worker, Dr. Pete Graham. Drugged and confused, she remembers nothing of what happened after the car accident, to her horror, she learns that her husband Douglas was brutally murdered and that she is the primary suspect. Meanwhile, Miranda bonds with fellow inmate and former patient, Chloe Sava, several times in sessions, Chloe had claimed that shed been raped while in the hospital, but Miranda had always attributed these stories to mental illness. One night, the door to Mirandas room in the hospital is opened by the ghost that has been haunting her, when she passes Chloes room in the hospital, she can hear the rape occurring and momentarily sees a mans chest pressed against the window. The mans chest bears a tattoo of an Anima Sola, Miranda realizes that Chloe was not making up these stories and, when she sees Chloe the next day, she apologizes and the two embrace. Chloe warns Miranda that her attacker said he was going to target Miranda next, Miranda begins regaining some of her memories bit by bit and slowly comes to remember herself killing her husband. She realizes that the ghost had used her body to murder Douglas and this is why all of the physical evidence points to Miranda. Miranda escapes from the hospital, having recognized the girl as a ghost, seeking clues to the mystery of why she killed her husband, she goes to a farmhouse in Willow Creek, Rhode Island. In the cellar of the barn, she discovers a room containing a bed, what appears to be a box containing drugs, restraints. She watches the tape that is still in the camera and the viewer hears a woman screaming as if tortured or raped. In the final seconds of the video, Douglas walks into the shot, covers a womans body on the bed with a sheet. At this point, police arrive and one comes closer to Miranda. Miranda backs up to a staircase and, all of a sudden, the police release the girl, and Miranda is taken to jail. While she is in jail, Sheriff Ryan, who was Douglass closest friend, talks to Miranda and he does not believe her claim that ghosts told her everything and asks her what sort of person the accomplice would be
14.
Noel (film)
–
Noel is a 2004 Christmas-themed drama film written by David Hubbard and directed by Chazz Palminteri. It stars Penélope Cruz, Susan Sarandon, Paul Walker, Alan Arkin, Daniel Sunjata and it was filmed in Montreal, Canada. The film centers on five strangers who are linked together –, the main character is Rose, a woman who is struggling to cope with caring for her mother, an Alzheimers patient. Meanwhile, Nina and Mike are a couple on the verge of breaking up due to Mikes increasingly jealous behavior. Elsewhere, Artie is an old waiter who searches for his wife every Christmas Eve. Finally, Jules is a man who deliberately damages his hand so he can attend a Christmas party in the emergency room
15.
Sahara (2005 film)
–
Sahara is a 2005 action-comedy adventure film directed by Breck Eisner that is based on the best-selling book of the same name by Clive Cussler. It stars Matthew McConaughey, Steve Zahn and Penélope Cruz and is an international co-production between the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany and the United States, Sahara was a box office bomb earning just $119 million worldwide, against a budget of $160 million. In 1865, the ironclad CSS Texas carried the last of the Confederacys treasury out of Richmond, Virginia, in present day, in Mali, a civil war is being fought between dictator General Kazim and Tuareg people. World Health Organization doctors Eva Rojas and Frank Hopper investigate a disease spreading across Mali, assassins accompanied by a corrupt Tuareg named Zakara attempt to murder Eva, but she is rescued by Dirk Pitt, from the National Underwater and Marine Agency, who was diving nearby. Dirks contact in Nigeria sells him a gold Confederate States of America coin found in the Niger River, believing this to be a clue to the long-lost Texas, Dirk borrows his boss Sandeckers yacht to search for the Texas. Accompanying Dirk are his partner Al Giordino and Rudi Gunn from NUMA and they give Eva and Hopper a ride, so that they can continue their investigation of the disease. Businessman Yves Massarde and dictator General Kazim try to stop the doctors from discovering the source of the disease, Kazim sends men to attack the yacht. Dirk, Al and Rudi survive the attack, but the yacht is destroyed and Eva, Rudi tries to leave the country to get help while Dirk and Al go to rescue the doctors. After rescuing Eva, they try to leave Mali, but are captured by the Tuareg, the Tuareg leader, Modibo, shows Eva his people dying from the same disease she was investigating. After analyzing the sample, Eva finds out that the water is contaminated with toxins. Al stumbles into a cave with a showing the ironclad Texas. Dirk believes that the Texas became stranded when the dried up after a storm. They follow the dry river bed and work their way to the border, on the way, they stumble upon a solar detoxification plant owned by Massarde, which is the source of the contamination. They discover that the contamination is being carried to the ocean and, if not stopped in time, in addition, they cannot get their government to intervene during a civil war in a sovereign country. Massarde captures the group, keeps Eva and sends Dirk and Al to Kazim, the duo escape but get stranded in the middle of the desert. They find the wreck of a plane and rebuild it into a land yacht, Dirk and Al enlist Modibos aid to return to the plant. To cover up the existence of the plant, Massarde decides to destroy it with explosives, fearing the plants destruction would make it impossible to stop the contamination, Al goes to remove the explosives while Dirk tries to stop Massarde. Dirk fights and kills Zakara after a fierce battle and he rescues Eva, but Massarde escapes to his helicopter
16.
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides
–
Pirates of the Caribbean is a series of fantasy swashbuckler films produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and based on Walt Disneys theme park ride of the same name. Directors of the series include Gore Verbinski, Rob Marshall, and Joachim Rønning, the series was most notably written by Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, other writers include Stuart Beattie, Jay Wolpert, and Jeff Nathanson. The stories followed the adventures of Captain Jack Sparrow, Will Turner, characters such as Hector Barbossa and Joshamee Gibbs follow Jack, Will, and Elizabeth in the course of the films. The fourth film featured Philip Swift and Syrena, while the film will feature Henry Turner. The films take place in a historical setting, a world ruled by the British Empire, the East India Company. After the first films success, Walt Disney Pictures revealed that a trilogy was in the works, the franchises second film, subtitled Dead Mans Chest, was released three years later in 2006, the sequel proved successful, breaking financial records worldwide the day of its premiere. Dead Mans Chest ended up being the one film of the year upon earning almost $1.1 billion at the worldwide box office. The third film in the series, subtitled At Worlds End, followed in 2007, on Stranger Tides succeeded in also grossing more than $1 billion, becoming the second film in the franchise and only the eighth film in history to achieve this. A fifth film, subtitled Dead Men Tell No Tales, is set to be released on May 26,2017. Blacksmith Will Turner teams up with eccentric pirate Captain Jack Sparrow to save Turners love, Elizabeth Swann, from cursed pirates led by Jacks mutinous former first mate, Captain Barbossa. Jack wants revenge against Barbossa, who left him stranded on an island before stealing his ship, lord Cutler Beckett of the East India Trading Company arrests Will and Elizabeth for aiding Captain Jack Sparrow in the previous film. Lord Beckett gains power over Davy Jones and, with the help of the Flying Dutchman, to stand against the East India Trading Co. Will, Elizabeth, Barbossa, and the crew of the Black Pearl set out to rescue Captain Jack Sparrow from Davy Jones Locker, as one of the Nine Pirate Lords, Jack is needed in order to summon an ancient goddess with the power to defeat Becketts forces. Captain Jack Sparrow is on a quest to find the fabled Fountain of Youth and crosses paths with a former lover and she forces Jack aboard the Queen Annes Revenge, a ship captained by the infamous pirate Blackbeard, Angelicas father. Both are also in search of the Fountain, Angelica to save her fathers soul, joining the hunt is former pirate captain Barbossa, now a privateer in King George IIs Navy, who is in a race against the Spanish for the Fountain of Youth. Captain Jacks only hope of survival lies in seeking out the legendary Trident of Poseidon, with the release of the official trailer of Dead Men Tell No Tales, it was suggested that Dead Men will be the last film in the franchise. However, on March 4,2017, director Joachim Rønning stated that Dead Men was only the beginning of the final adventure, wenches Scarlett and Giselle fix each other up for their wedding, in which they would each marry their groom. Upon realizing that both their grooms were the same man – Jack Sparrow – the two find themselves in an auction led by the Auctioneer
17.
To Rome with Love (film)
–
To Rome with Love is a 2012 magical realist romantic comedy film written, directed by and starring Woody Allen in his first acting appearance since 2006. The film is set in Rome, Italy, it was released in Italian theaters on April 13,2012, the film features an ensemble cast, including Allen himself. To Rome with Love tells four unrelated stories taking place in Rome, the second story, Antonios, is a direct lift with some amendments of an entire Fellini film, The White Sheik. American tourist Hayley falls in love with and becomes engaged to Italian pro bono lawyer Michelangelo while spending a summer in Rome and her parents, Jerry and Phyllis, fly to Italy to meet her fiancé and his parents. During the visit, Michelangelos mortician father Giancarlo sings in the shower and Jerry, Jerry convinces a reluctant Giancarlo to audition in front of a room of opera bigwigs, but Giancarlo performs poorly in this setting. Michelangelo accuses Jerry of embarrassing his father and trying to use him to revive his own failed career and this is a great success, so Jerry and Giancarlo decide to stage the opera Pagliacci, with an incongruous shower present in all scenes. Giancarlo receives rave reviews, while Jerry is unaware that he has again been slammed as he has been called imbecille, Giancarlo decides to retire from opera singing, because he prefers working as a mortician and spending time with his family. But he appreciates being given the chance to live his dream of performing Pagliacci, newlyweds Antonio and Milly plan to move to Rome because Antonios uncles have offered him a job in their familys business. After checking into their hotel, Milly decides to visit a salon before meeting Antonios relatives and she becomes lost and loses her cell phone, but ends up at a film shoot where she meets Luca Salta, an actor she idolizes. Back at the hotel, Antonio is worried Milly will be late for their date with his aunts. Anna, a prostitute, then arrives, having mistakenly been sent to his room, the group goes to lunch at the same restaurant Luca takes Milly. Antonio becomes jealous as Luca flirts with Milly, but they dont see Antonio, Antonios uncles and aunts then take him to a party. Antonio has nothing in common with the people hes introduced to, Anna and Antonio walk in the garden, and Antonio talks about how pure Milly is. When Anna finds out he was a virgin before meeting Milly, meanwhile, Luca tries to seduce Milly at his hotel room. Milly decides to have sex with him, but then an armed thief emerges, suddenly, Lucas wife and a private investigator arrive. Milly and the climb into bed and fool Mrs. Salta into believing the hotel room is theirs while Luca hides in the bathroom. Once his wife has left, Luca runs off, the burglar flirts with Milly and she has sex with him instead. When she returns to the room, she and Antonio decide to return to their rustic hometown—but first they begin to make love
18.
The Counselor
–
The Counselor is a 2013 British-American thriller film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Cormac McCarthy. The film deals with primal human concerns like greed, mortality, love, the Counselor was chosen as the closing film at the 2013 Morelia Film Festival and also played the Cork Film Festival. The London premiere was held on October 3,2013 in Leicester Square, the New York City premiere was held on October 9,2013. The film was released on October 25,2013. It is dedicated to Scotts brother, Tony, who died in 2012, a high-level cartel lawyer and his girlfriend Laura are talking sexily in bed. Meanwhile, somewhere in Mexico, cocaine is packaged in barrels and concealed in a truck, driven across the border. After the Counselor goes to Amsterdam to meet with a dealer to purchase an engagement ring for Laura, he proposes. The Counselor meets with Westray, an associate of Reiners. He hears of the deals four-thousand percent return rate, but Westray warns the Counselor about becoming involved, the Counselor remains outwardly confident and unconcerned. Malkina gains knowledge of the deal through her access to Reiner, Reiner describes an execution device called the bolito which gradually strangles and decapitates the victim. Reiner also tells the Counselor how disturbed and oddly aroused he was from an incident where he witnessed Malkina masturbate with his Ferrari Californias windshield, the Counselor visits a client, a prison inmate named Ruth who is on trial for murder. Ruths son is a biker and a cartel member known as the Green Hornet. The Counselor agrees to him out of jail. Malkina senses an opportunity to undermine the Counselors upcoming deal and to profit for herself and she employs the Wireman to steal the drugs. He decapitates the biker, Ruths recently released son, with a wire stretched across the highway, then the Wireman steals the truck containing the cocaine. Learning of the theft, Westray meets with the Counselor to notify him that the biker is dead, Westray says he is leaving town immediately and suggests the Counselor do the same. Westray explains that the cartels ruthlessness extends to creating snuff films where murder victims are filmed having necrophilia performed on them on camera, the Counselor makes an urgent call to Laura, arranging to meet her in another state, where he will explain. The cartel has learned that the Counselor bailed out the Green Hornet, in Texas, two cartel members pretending to be police officers pull over the Wireman and his accomplice, killing both and also gunning down an innocent driver who comes upon the scene
19.
Volver
–
Volver is a 2006 Spanish drama film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar. Headed by actress Penélope Cruz, the features an ensemble cast also starring Carmen Maura, Lola Dueñas, Blanca Portillo, Yohana Cobo. To top off the family crisis, her mother Irene comes back from the dead to tie up loose ends, set in the La Mancha region, Almodovars place of birth, the filmmaker cited his upbringing as a major influence on many aspects of the plot and the characters. Volver was one of the films competing for the Palme dOr at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival and it eventually won two awards, Best Actress and Best Screenplay. The films premiere was held on March 10,2006, in Puertollano, Spain, Penélope Cruz was nominated for the 2006 Academy Award for Best Actress, making her the first Spanish woman ever to be nominated in that category. Raimunda and Soledad are sisters who grew up in Alcanfor de las Infantas, a village in La Mancha. Their parents died in a fire three years prior to the beginning of the film. Sole returns to the village for the funeral of her elderly, Aunt Paulas neighbour Agustina confesses to Sole that she has heard Paula talking to the ghost of Soles mother Irene. Sole encounters the ghost herself, and when she returns to Madrid, Sole tries to determine why her mothers ghost has returned to Earth, asking her if she left anything undone in her life. Irene says that she does have issues to resolve, relating to the questions of why Raimunda hates her, meanwhile Raimunda and her daughter Paula have a different death to cope with. Paulas father Paco attempts to rape her, claiming that he is not really her father, Raimunda quickly hides the corpse in the deep-freezer of a nearby restaurant with an absent owner. The restaurant owner, Emilio, is out of town and entrusted Raimunda with the keys so that she can show it to prospective tenants. When members of a film crew happen upon the restaurant, Raimunda strikes a deal to cater for them, Raimunda reveals to Paula that Paco was not, in fact, her biological father, and promises to tell her the whole story at a later time. Agustina is diagnosed with cancer and must go to Madrid for medical treatment. Raimunda visits her in the hospital, Agustina asks Raimunda if she has seen her mothers ghost. Agustina hopes that the ghost will be able to tell her about the fate of her own mother, who disappeared three years ago without a trace. Raimunda undertakes the task of disposing of Pacos remains, she leaves Paula with Sole, rents a van, while staying in Soles apartment, Paula meets her grandmothers ghost and grows close to her. The next night, Agustina comes to the restaurant to renew her request to Raimunda to ask her mothers ghost about her own mothers whereabouts
20.
Nine (2009 live-action film)
–
Nine is a 2009 musical drama film directed and produced by Rob Marshall and written by Michael Tolkin and Anthony Minghella. The film is an adaptation of the 1982 musical Nine, which in turn is based on Federico Fellinis semi-autobiographical 1963 film 8½, in addition to songs from the stage musical, all written by Maury Yeston, the film has three original songs, also written by Yeston. The ensemble principal cast consists of Daniel Day-Lewis, Marion Cotillard, Penélope Cruz, Judi Dench, Fergie, Kate Hudson, Nicole Kidman, and Sophia Loren. Despite mixed reviews and commercial failure, Nine was nominated for four Academy Awards, Best Supporting Actress, Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design and Best Original Song. Guido Contini is a gifted Italian filmmaker who, at the age of fifty, has developed writers block and urges all the women in his life, alive and dead, to help him with it. It is 1965, and at the famous Cinecittà movie studios, in Rome, everyone has questions for Signor Contini. At a press conference at the Hotel Excelsior on the Via Veneto, hes charming and colourful, avoiding any clear answer on his new movie, his ninth with producer, Dante, here he meets Stephanie, a Vogue fashion journalist, with whom he begins a flirtation. Escaping the biting probes of the reporters, he creates an elaborate fantasy and he escapes the press conference and arrives at the Bellavista Spa Hotel. While being examined by the doctor, he receives a call from Carla and she describes her desire for him, as he listens on the other end. She arrives at the spa, expecting to share his suite, meanwhile, Guido learns that a Cardinal is also staying at his hotel and tells the cardinal’s assistant to arrange a meeting. However, Dante soon arrives at the spa and escorts Contini to a hall where the entire production team is assembled to help him prepare for his film. He sees Lilli, his designer, and begs for inspiration. She reminds him of Luisas birthday the day and disagrees, saying that it reminds her of Folies Bergère, a Parisian music hall that featured showgirls. The Cardinal agrees to him and advises him to lead a more moral life. Guido remembers Saraghina, a prostitute whom he and his friends paid to them the art of love. Young Guido is caught by his school teachers/priests and whipped by his principal and he awakens on top of Carla, in a fit of anxiety and abruptly leaves to meet his production team for dinner. She wants to come, but he refuses, reminding her that they don’t want to hurt either of their spouses. At dinner, he’s happily surprised to see Luisa, who has come at Lillis request and he embraces her and wishes her a happy birthday, promising that when she returns home, the house will be filled with flowers
21.
Golden Globe Award
–
Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
22.
Academy Awards
–
The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
23.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
–
The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
24.
Woody Allen
–
Heywood Woody Allen is an American actor, writer, director, comedian, playwright, and musician whose career spans more than six decades. He worked as a writer in the 1950s, writing jokes and scripts for television. In the early 1960s, Allen began performing as a stand-up comedian, as a comedian, he developed the persona of an insecure, intellectual, fretful nebbish, which he maintains is quite different from his real-life personality. In 2004, Comedy Central ranked Allen in fourth place on a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians and he is often identified as part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmakers of the mid-1960s to late 1970s. Allen often stars in his films, typically in the persona he developed as a standup, some of the best-known of his over 40 films are Annie Hall, Manhattan, and Hannah and Her Sisters. In 2007 he said Stardust Memories, The Purple Rose of Cairo, critic Roger Ebert described Allen as a treasure of the cinema. Allen won four Academy Awards, three for Best Original Screenplay and one for Best Director and he also won nine British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards. His screenplay for Annie Hall was named the funniest screenplay by the Writers Guild of America in its list of the 101 Funniest Screenplays, in 2011, PBS televised the film biography Woody Allen, A Documentary on the American Masters TV series. Allen was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg in Brooklyn, New York and he and his sister, Letty, were raised in Midwood, Brooklyn. He is the son of Nettie, a bookkeeper at her familys delicatessen, and Martin Konigsberg and his family was Jewish, his grandparents immigrated from Russia and Austria, and spoke Yiddish, Hebrew, and German. His parents were born and raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. His childhood was not particularly happy, his parents did not get along, Allen spoke German quite a bit in his early years. He would later joke that when he was young he was sent to inter-faith summer camps. While attending Hebrew school for eight years, he went to Public School 99 and to Midwood High School, at that time, he lived in an apartment at 968 East 14th Street. Unlike his comic persona, he was interested in baseball than school. He impressed students with his talent at card and magic tricks. To raise money, he wrote jokes for agent David O. Alber, at the age of 17, he legally changed his name to Heywood Allen and later began to call himself Woody Allen. According to Allen, his first published joke read, Woody Allen says he ate at a restaurant that had O. P. S and he was then earning more than both parents combined
25.
Vicky Cristina Barcelona
–
Vicky Cristina Barcelona is a 2008 romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Woody Allen. The film was shot in Spain in Barcelona, Avilés and Oviedo, Cruz won both the Academy Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. Altogether, the film won 25 out of 56 nominations, Vicky and Cristina visit Barcelona for the summer, staying with Vickys distant relative Judy and her husband Mark. At an art exhibition, Cristina is intrigued by artist Juan Antonio, Cristina is won over by the offer almost at once, but Vicky is unimpressed and reluctant, she however eventually decides to accompany her friend anyway, mainly to watch over her. At the end of their first day, Vicky refuses to join Juan Antonio in his room, citing her fidelity to Doug. Before the love-making starts, Cristina suddenly falls ill with digestive complaints, Vicky and Juan Antonio proceed to spend the weekend together alone while they wait for Cristina to recuperate. Vicky gradually changes her opinion of Juan Antonio as he tells her about his tumultuous relationship with his former wife, Vicky accompanies him to visit his father, an old poet, and then becomes deeply moved by a Spanish guitar performance later that evening. She finally succumbs to Juan Antonios advances as they walk through a grove of trees in the dark, the next day, with Cristina recovered, the three of them fly back to Barcelona. Feeling guilty, Vicky does not mention the incident to Cristina, Vicky starts throwing herself into her studies while Cristina and Juan Antonio take up a relationship. Cristina then moves in with Juan Antonio and begins to more about his past. After learning that María Elena attempted to kill herself, Juan Antonio brings her to his home, after some defiance, the two women grow fond of each other. Cristina realizes that the ex-spouses are still in love, and María Elena suggests that Cristina may be the element that can give balance, all three become romantically involved with one another. In the meantime, Vicky is joined in Spain by an enthusiastic Doug, learning that Judy is similarly unhappy in her marriage, she confides to her, and Judy, who sees her younger self in Vicky, decides to bring Juan Antonio and Vicky together. Meanwhile, Cristina becomes restless and at some point decides to leave Juan Antonio and María Elena, without her, as the summer winds to a close, Judy arranges for Juan Antonio and Vicky to meet at a party. Juan Antonio begs Vicky to meet him again privately before leaving Spain, at his home, Juan Antonio seduces and wins Vicky over again, but they are interrupted by María Elena who bursts in with a gun, firing wildly as Juan Antonio tries to calm her. Vicky gets shot in the hand in the process, and leaves, shouting they are insane and she confesses the entire story to Cristina, who never realized how Vicky felt about Juan Antonio, and wishes she could have helped her. This was the third time Johansson and Allen worked together, following Match Point and this film also marked the second time Johansson and Hall worked together, the first time being in The Prestige. The movie featured several paintings by the Catalan artist Agustí Puig, as of July 2009, the film grossed $96 million worldwide, in relation to its $15 million budget, it is one of Allens most profitable films
26.
Hollywood Walk of Fame
–
The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003, as of 2017, the Walk of Fame comprises over 2,600 stars, spaced at 6-foot intervals. The monuments are coral-pink terrazzo five-point stars rimmed with brass inlaid into a charcoal-colored terrazzo background, in the upper portion of each star field the name of the honoree is inlaid in brass block letters. Below the inscription, in the half of the star field. Approximately 20 new stars are added to the Walk each year, special category stars recognize various contributions by corporate entities, service organizations, and special honorees, and display emblems unique to those honorees. The moons are silver and grey terrazzo circles rimmed in brass on a square pink terrazzo background, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce credits E. M. Stuart, its volunteer president in 1953, with the original idea for creating a Walk of Fame. Stuart reportedly proposed the Walk as a means to maintain the glory of a community whose name means glamor, Harry Sugarman, another Chamber member and president of the Hollywood Improvement Association, receives credit in an independent account. A committee was formed to flesh out the idea, and a firm was retained to develop specific proposals. By 1955 the basic concept and general design had been agreed upon, multiple accounts exist for the origin of the star concept. By another account, the stars were inspired, by Sugarmans drinks menu, which featured celebrity photos framed in gold stars. In February 1956 a prototype was unveiled featuring a caricature of an example honoree inside a star on a brown background. The committees met at the Brown Derby restaurant, and included such prominent names as Cecil B, deMille, Samuel Goldwyn, Jesse L. Lasky, Walt Disney, Hal Roach, Mack Sennett, and Walter Lantz. A requirement stipulated by the audio recording committee specified minimum sales of one million records or 250,000 albums for all music category nominees. The committee soon realized that many important recording artists would be excluded from the Walk by that requirement, as a result, the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences was formed for the purpose of creating a separate award system for the music business. The first Grammy Awards were presented in Beverly Hills in 1959, construction of the Walk began in 1958 but two lawsuits delayed completion. The first was filed by local property owners challenging the legality of the $1.25 million tax assessment levied upon them to pay for the Walk, along with new street lighting, in October 1959 the assessment was ruled legal. The second lawsuit, filed by Charles Chaplin, Jr. sought damages for the exclusion of his father, chaplins suit was dismissed in 1960, paving the way for completion of the project. Woodwards name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558, the other seven names were Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence
27.
Donatella Versace
–
Donatella Francesca Versace is an Italian fashion designer and current vice president of the Versace Group, as well as its chief designer. She owns a 20% share of the business, during the 1980s, Donatellas brother, Gianni Versace, launched a perfume dedicated to her, Blonde, and gave her her own diffusion label, Versus. Versace took over the design after her brothers death. She was born in the Italian city of Reggio Calabria, the youngest of four children in her family and her father was a personal financier to the Italian aristocracy. An older sister, Tina, died at the age of twelve from an improperly treated tetanus infection and her brother Santo Versace owns 30 percent of Versace stock. In the mid-1970s, Donatella followed her brother, Giovanni, to pursue knitwear design in Florence. She had planned to work for her brother in the public relations department, through her closeness to her brothers enterprises, Donatella entered the fashion world. A decade later, during the 1980s, Gianni launched a dedicated to her, Blonde, and gave her her own label, Versus. A year and three days after Giannis death on 15 July 1997, Donatella Versace mounted her first couture show for the Versace Atelier at the Hôtel Ritz Paris. She built her runway over the swimming pool, as her brother had done every season. Even Prince Charles attends Donatellas parties for the famous and elite throughout Europe and she soon proved to be the public relations giant within the Versace label and spread its name throughout Europe and most of the United States. Her popularity grew when she designed the famous Versace Green Dress, also known as the Jungle-Dress, branching into other fields, the company has created the grand, luxurious Palazzo Versace resort on the Gold Coast of Australia. Another growing symbol of the Versace style, the Burj al-Arab, in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, boasts a collection of Versace furniture and beddings in its expensive. Plans for the Palazzo Versace, Dubai were announced in May 2005, the second Palazzo Versace will boast a number of suites and luxury villas, including an exclusive spa. Official plans are to begin construction in 2006 and have the hotel completed sometime in the year 2008, the interior of the hotel will be furnished with various Versace collections. As Creative Director, Donatella will carry out plans and design strategies for the hotel. This will be the second Palazzo Versace hotel ever to be built, and she is a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation. In 2010, Donatellas charity work earned her a Do Something With Style Award nomination from the VH1 Do Something Awards and she was nominated for providing art supplies to children and creating a tote bag, whose proceeds will go to Starlight and the ONE Foundations
28.
FX (TV channel)
–
FX is an American basic cable and satellite television channel launched on June 1,1994, based in Los Angeles, California and owned by 21st Century Fox through FX Networks, LLC. FXs programming primarily includes original drama and comedy series, and reruns of theatrical films, as of July 2015, FX is available to approximately 94,006,000 pay television households in the United States. In addition to the flagship U. S. network, the FX name is licensed to a number of related pay television channels in various countries around the world, FX, originally stylized as fX, launched on June 1,1994. Broadcasting from an apartment in Manhattans Flatiron District, fX was one of the first forays into large-scale interactive television. FX had two taglines during this period, TV Made Fresh Daily and The Worlds First Living Television Network, the live shows were each mostly focused on one broad topic. Shows included Personal fX, The Pet Department, Under Scrutiny with Jane Wallace, other notable fX personalities included Karyn Bryant and Orlando Jones, who were panelists on Sound fX. The channel prided itself on its interactivity with viewers, FX, in 1994, was an early adopter of the internet, embracing e-mail and the World Wide Web as methods of feedback. Select viewers were allowed to spend a day at the apartment, the first incarnation of fX was not available on Time Warner Cable, one of the major cable systems in New York City, where its programming originated. TWC would not carry the channel until September 2001, the live shows gradually disappeared one by one until only Personal fX remained. Breakfast Time was moved to the Fox network and renamed Fox After Breakfast in mid-1996 and it underwent several format changes, but never found a substantial audience and was canceled less than a year later. By the time that all programming was dropped, the channel focused entirely on its classic television shows until its relaunch in mid-1997. Personal fX remained on the refocused FX until May 1,1998, FX vacated the apartment in the summer of 1998 and the channels operations were streamlined with the other Fox-owned cable channels. In early 1997, fX was relaunched as FX, Fox Gone Cable, during the first few years after its relaunch, FX was known for little else than airing reruns of such Fox shows as The X-Files and Married. With Children, as well as 20th Century Fox-produced shows such as M*A*S*H, the channel also added Major League Baseball games to its lineup at that time, and eventually expanded its sports programming to include NASCAR races in 2001. In the summer of 1998, FX debuted three original series, Bobcats Big Ass Show, Instant Comedy with the Groundlings and Penn & Tellers Sin City Spectacular, all three series were cancelled the following year. Soon after its relaunch, the Fox Gone Cable tagline was dropped, by 1999, new original programs were added with the debut of shows such as Son of the Beach and The X Show. Beginning in 2002, the channel emerged as a force in original cable programming, gaining both acclaim and notoriety for edgy dramas. That year, FX debuted the police drama The Shield, which became a breakout hit, both shows were lauded by critics, and achieved equal success with viewers
29.
Mango (clothing)
–
Punto Fa, S. L. trading as MANGO, is a clothing design and manufacturing company, founded in Barcelona, Catalonia by brothers Isak Andic and Nahman Andic. Mango is a clothing line only. Mangos first website was created in 1995 and in year 2000, H. E. by Mango is a mens line created in 2008, and renamed Mango Man in 2014. Football legend Zinedine Zidane has become the new face of the Mango Man campaign, Mango has over 8,600 employees,1,850 of whom work at the Hangar Design Centre and at its Headquarters in Palau Solità i Plegamans. Despite being a Spanish clothing company, and having the most stores in Spain, with a proportion in Madrid. From Fall 2011, Kate Moss was Mangos muse and she first appeared in a video featuring Terry Richardson who shot the whole campaign and directed the commercial. Moss was replaced by Australian model Miranda Kerr, in April 2011, Letizia, Princess of Asturias visited the company headquarters wearing a Mango outfit. At the end of 2014, Mango has closed with a turnover for the Mango MNG Holding of 2.154 billion dollars. Number of Mango stores on the 15 October,2016 On 24 April 2013, the eight-story Rana Plaza commercial building collapsed in Savar, a sub-district near Dhaka, at least 1,127 people died and over 2,438 were injured. Of the 29 brands identified as having sourced products from the Rana Plaza factories, several companies refused to sign including Walmart, Carrefour, Bonmarché, Mango, Auchan and Kik. The agreement was signed by Primark, Loblaw, Bonmarche and El Corte Ingles, in 2010, the French division got sued by Anne-Cécile Couétil, creator of the brand Velvetine. She argued that Mango plagiarized two models of her handbags, despite an attempt of protection via the INPI and similarities between her products and the ones of Mango, the creator lost the lawsuit. She was sentenced to pay 6,000 euros to Mango over excessive procedure, on her weblog, the creator claims she wants to lodge an appeal. Several bloggers were surprised by the decision saying its unfair. The brand Mango reacted on Facebook via its official fanpage and answered also on the creators blog
30.
Ralph Lauren
–
Ralph Lauren is an American fashion designer, philanthropist, and business executive, best known for the Ralph Lauren Corporation, a global multibillion-dollar enterprise. He has also become known for his collection of rare automobiles. Lauren stepped down as Chief Executive Officer of the company in September 2015 but remains its Executive Chairman, as of October 2016, Forbes estimates his wealth at $5.5 billion, which makes Ralph Lauren the 233rd richest person in the world. Ralph Lauren was born in The Bronx, New York City, to Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants, Frieda and Frank Lifshitz and he is the youngest of four siblings – two brothers and one sister. Lauren attended day school followed by MTA, before graduating from DeWitt Clinton High School in 1957. He grew up playing basketball and baseball and he wanted to be Joe DiMaggio, and then he wanted to be a movie star. Lauren constantly draws inspiration from his heroes including Frank Sinatra, Cary Grant and he went to Baruch College, at the City University of New York where he studied business, although he dropped out after two years. From 1962 to 1964 he served in the United States Army, the Ralph Lauren Corporation started in 1967 with men’s ties. At 28 years-old, Lauren worked for the tie manufacturer Beau Brummell, drawing on his interests in sports, Ralph Lauren named his first full line of menswear ‘Polo’ in 1968. He worked out of a drawer from a showroom in the Empire State Building. By 1969, the Manhattan department store Bloomingdales sold Lauren’s men line exclusively and it was the first time that Bloomingdale’s had given a designer their own in-store boutique. In 1971, Ralph Lauren Corporation launched a line of tailored shirts for women, the first full women’s collection was launched the following year. 1971 also marked the opening of Ralph Lauren’s store on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills and this is the first freestanding store for an American designer. In 1972 the Ralph Lauren Corporation introduced a signature cotton mesh Polo shirt in various colors, featuring the polo player logo at the chest, the shirt became emblematic of the preppy look—one of Ralph Laurens signature styles. The tag line for the ad campaign was, Every team has its color -- Polo has seventeen, in 1977, Diane Keaton and Woody Allen wore Lauren’s clothes throughout their Oscar-winning film, Annie Hall. The first Ralph Lauren fragrances, produced by Warner-Lauren, Ltd. were launched at Bloomingdales in March 1978, Lauren, a fragrance for women, on March 12 and Polo, cologne for men, on March 26. This was the first time that a designer has introduced two fragrances – one for men and one for women – simultaneously, Ralph Lauren opens his first flagship in the Rhinelander mansion, on Madison Avenue and 72nd Street in New York City in 1986. Lauren re-creates the buildings original opulence with a design consultant named Naomi Leff
31.
Mother Teresa
–
Mother Teresa MC, known in the Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She was born in Skopje, then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire, after living in Macedonia for eighteen years she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of her life. In 1950 Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation which had over 4,500 sisters and was active in 133 countries in 2012. Members, who take vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, also profess a fourth vow, Teresa received a number of honours, including the 1962 Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize and 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. She was canonised on 4 September 2016, and the anniversary of her death is her feast day, a controversial figure during her life and after her death, Teresa was admired by many for her charitable work. She was praised and criticised for her opposition to abortion, and her authorised biography was written by Navin Chawla and published in 1992, and she has been the subject of films and other books. Teresa was born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu on 26 August 1910 into a Kosovar Albanian family in Skopje and she was baptized in Skopje, the day after her birth. She later considered 27 August, the day she was baptised and she was the youngest child of Nikollë and Dranafile Bojaxhiu. Her father, who was involved in Albanian-community politics in Macedonia and he may have been from Prizren, Kosovo, and her mother may have been from a village near Gjakova. Her resolve strengthened on 15 August 1928 as she prayed at the shrine of the Black Madonna of Vitina-Letnice and she never saw her mother or her sister again. Her family lived in Skopje until 1934, when moved to Tirana. She arrived in India in 1929 and began her novitiate in Darjeeling, in the lower Himalayas, Teresa took her first religious vows on 24 May 1931. She chose to be named after Thérèse de Lisieux, the saint of missionaries, because a nun in the convent had already chosen that name. Teresa took her vows on 14 May 1937 while she was a teacher at the Loreto convent school in Entally. She served there for twenty years, and was appointed its headmistress in 1944. Although Teresa enjoyed teaching at the school, she was disturbed by the poverty surrounding her in Calcutta. The Bengal famine of 1943 brought misery and death to the city, on 10 September 1946, Teresa experienced what she later described as the call within the call when she travelled by train to the Loreto convent in Darjeeling from Calcutta for her annual retreat. I was to leave the convent and help the poor while living among them, to fail would have been to break the faith
32.
Alcobendas
–
Alcobendas is a city located in the Community of Madrid, central Spain. It is located roughly 13 kilometres north of Madrid and 7 kilometres from Barajas International Airport, a huge business park called Valdelacasa for high-tech firms is being built. It is the location of a basketball museum organised by the Pedro Ferrándiz Foundation where the FIBA Hall of Fame is located, Alcobendas is in the B1 zone for Madrids transport network. Both Alcobendas and its city, San Sebastián de los Reyes are connected with Madrid with buses operated by the Interbús bus company. There are currently eight bus lines go to and from different districts of Alcobendas to Plaza de Castilla. Alcobendas also has eight bus lines connect the different zones of Alcobendas between themselves. Metro, Alcobendas presently has four Metro stations which are all on line 10 of the Madrid Metro network and these stations were recently opened by Esperanza Aguirre, President of the Autonomous Community of Madrid. Buses Buses going to and from Plaza de Castilla are,151 Madrid - Alcobendas 153 Madrid - Alcobendas 153B a. k. a, b53 Madrid - Alcobendas 155 Madrid - Alcobendas 155B a. k. a. B55 Madrid - Alcobendas 157 Madrid - Alcobendas 157C a. k. a, both form part of the C-4a Cercanías line and can get to Sol and Atocha in half an hour. Private Transport Alobendas is easily reached by car as well, there are a number of motorways going round Alcobendas and through it. In the Casco district it is challenging to find a parking space, however this problem is not posed in the newer areas where ample parking facilities are available. Air Madrid used to have its office in Alcobendas, until the company folded in 2006. During the 2008 Oscar Ceremony, after receiving the prize for best Supporting Actress, marcos Pérez Jiménez, former Venezuelan dictator. Residence after being exiled from Venezuela where he lived until his death in 2001, bing Crosby died of a heart attack while on a golf course in Alcobendas. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is Csa
33.
Community of Madrid
–
The Community of Madrid is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain. It is located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula, and its capital is the city of Madrid, which is also the capital of the country. The Community of Madrid is bounded to the south and east by Castile–La Mancha and to the north and west by Castile and it was formally created in 1983, based on the limits of the province of Madrid, until then conventionally included in the historical region of New Castile. The Community of Madrid is the third most populous in Spain with 6,369,167 inhabitants mostly concentrated in the area of Madrid. It is also the most densely populated autonomous community, Madrids economy is of roughly equal size to Catalonias, which remains Spains largest. Madrid thus has the highest GDP per capita in the country, some notable discoveries of the region the bell-shaped vase of Ciempozuelos. During the Roman Empire, the region was part of the Citerior Tarraconese province, except for the south-west portion of it and it was crossed by two important Roman roads, the via xxiv-xxix (joining Astorga to laminium and via xxv, and contained some important conurbations. The city of Complutum became an important metropolis, whereas Titulcia, during the period of the Visigothic Kingdom, the region lost its importance. The population was scattered amongst several small towns, Alcalá de Henares was designated the bishopric seat in the 5th century by orders of Asturio, archbishop of Toledo, but this event was not enough to bring back the lost splendor of the city. The centre of the peninsula was one of the regions of the Al-Andalus until the 11th century when it became important. The Muslim governors created a system of fortresses and towers all across the region with which they tried to stop the advance of the Christian kingdoms of the north. The fortress of Mayrit was built somewhere between 860 and 880 AD, as a walled precinct where a military and religious community lived, and it soon became the most strategic fortress in defense of the city of Toledo above the fortresses of Talamanca de Jarama and Qal-at-Abd-Al-Salam. In 1083, king Alfonso VI of Castile conquered the city of Madrid, Alcalá de Henares fell in 1118 in a new period of Castilian annexation. The feudal and ecclesiastical lords came into constant conflict with the different councils that had granted the authority to repopulate. Specifically, Alcalá de Henares was under the hands of the archbishopric of Toledo, Castilian monarchs showed a predilection for the center of the peninsula, with abundant forests and game. El Pardo was a region visited frequently by kings since the time of Henry III, the Catholic Monarchs started the construction of the Royal Palace of Aranjuez. In the 16th century, San Lorenzo de El Escorial was built, besides its growing political importance, it also became a cultural center with the foundation of the University of Alcalá de Henares in 1508. In 1561, King Philip II made Madrid the capital of the empire, the surrounding territories became economically subordinated to the town itself, even beyond the present day limits of the Community of Madrid
34.
Roman Catholic
–
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
35.
Classical ballet
–
Classical ballet is any of the traditional, formal styles of ballet that exclusively employ classical ballet technique. It is known for its aesthetics and rigorous technique, its flowing, precise movements, there are stylistic variations related to an area or origin, which are denoted by classifications such as Russian ballet, French ballet, British ballet and Italian ballet. For example, Russian ballet features high extensions and dynamic turns, whereas Italian ballet tends to be grounded, with a focus on fast. Many of the variations are associated with specific training methods that have been named after their originators. Despite these variations, the performance and vocabulary of classical ballet are largely consistent throughout the world, Ballet originated in the Italian Renaissance courts and was brought to France by Catherine de Medici in the 16th Century. During ballets infancy, court ballets were performed by amateurs rather than professional dancers. Most of ballets early movements evolved from social dances and prominently featured stage patterns rather than formal ballet technique. In the 17th century, as ballets popularity in France increased, no longer performed by amateurs, ballet performances started to incorporate challenging acrobatic movements that could only be performed by highly skilled street entertainers. In response, the worlds first ballet school, the Académie Royale de Danse, was established by King Louis XIV in 1661. The Academies purpose was to improve the quality of training in France. Shortly after the Academie was formed, in 1672, King Louis XIV established a company called the Academie Royal de Musique de Dance. While at the Academie Royal, Beauchamp revolutionized ballet technique by inventing the five positions of ballet, Ballet technique is the foundational principles of body movement and form used in ballet. A distinctive feature of ballet technique is turnout, which is the rotation of the legs emanating from the hip. There are five positions of the feet in ballet, all performed with turnout. When performing jumps and leaps, classical ballet dancers strive to exhibit ballon, pointe technique is the part of ballet technique that concerns pointe work, in which a ballet dancer supports all body weight on the tips of fully extended feet. Students typically learn ballet terminology and the pronunciation, meaning, and precise body form, emphasis is placed on developing flexibility and strengthening the legs, feet, and body core as a strong core is essential for turns and many other ballet movements. Depending on the teacher and training system, students may progress through various stages or levels of training as their skills advance, female attire typically includes pink or flesh colored tights, a leotard, and sometimes a short wrap-skirt, or a skirted leotard. Males typically wear black or dark tights, a white, or black, shirt or leotard worn under the tights
36.
Filmophile
–
Cinephilia is the term used to refer to a passionate interest in cinema, film theory and film criticism. The term is a portmanteau of the cinema and philia. A person with a passionate interest in cinema is called a cinephile, cinemaphile, or, informally, in English, it is sometimes used interchangeably with the French word cinéaste, though in the original French the term refers to a cinephile who is also a filmmaker. In a review of a book on the history of cinephilia, Mas Generis writes, Generis also introduces a quote from film scholar Annette Michelson that states that there is, No one such thing as cinephilia, but rather forms and periods of cinephilia. Since the beginning of the silent era, there have been film clubs and publications in which people who felt passionately about cinema could discuss their interests and see rare and older works. Perhaps the most notable community of the 20th century was the one that developed in Paris in the decades following World War II. In general, the cinephiles of the set a template for future like-minded groups by having keen enthusiasm for both older and contemporary films. Influential film clubs of the period included Objectif 49, whose members included Robert Bresson and Jean Cocteau, revue du Cinéma, a magazine published by members of the two clubs, later evolved into the influential film magazine Cahiers du Cinéma. Many of the people who attended the screenings became film critics and later filmmakers, the community fostered an interest in directors and films that had been neglected, forgotten or simply unknown in the West, and led to the development of the auteur theory. With the popular success of the French New Wave, film-going became fashionable in Europe, revival screenings and independently run cinemas specializing in foreign films became increasingly common. In the United States, New York City was often seen as the center of cinephile culture and this culture was also helped by the popularity in America of figures such like Pauline Kael, Andrew Sarris and Susan Sontag. Certain writers and critics, including Sontag, would come to view this as the golden age of film-going in the US. Due to growing public interest in films from countries, specialty distributors such as Janus Films. The era also saw the growth of film societies in the US. At the same time, the Parisian cinephilic culture became increasingly politicized, critics, and by extension the cinephiles who followed their work, began to emphasize political aspects of films and directors. In this very politicized climate, cinema was often seen as connected to Marxism. Many members of new generation of cinephiles would become critics and directors, including Serge Daney, Philippe Garrel. The New York Film Festival, the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival, often seen as second only to the Cannes Film Festival in terms of importance, was founded towards the end of this period, in 1976
37.
Betamax
–
Betamax is a consumer-level analog-recording and cassette format of magnetic tape for video. It was developed by Sony and was released in Japan on May 10,1975, the first Betamax introduced in the United States was the LV-1901 console, which included a 19-inch color monitor, and appeared in stores in early November 1975. The cassettes contain 0. 50-inch-wide videotape in a similar to that of the earlier, professional 0. 75-inch-wide. Betamax is obsolete, having lost the videotape format war to VHS, production of Betamax recorders ceased in 2002, new Betamax cassettes were available until March 2016, when Sony stopped making and selling them. Like the rival videotape format VHS, Betamax has no guard band, the suffix -max, from the word maximum, was added to suggest greatness. In 1977, Sony issued the first long-play Betamax VCR, the SL-8200 and this VCR had two recording speeds, normal, and the newer half speed. This provided two hours recording on the L-500 Beta videocassette, the SL-8200 was to compete against the VHS VCRs, which allowed up to 4, and later 6 and 8, hours of recording on one cassette. Sanyo marketed a version as Betacord, which also was casually called Beta, in addition to Sony and Sanyo, Beta-format video recorders were manufactured and sold by Toshiba, Pioneer, Murphy, Aiwa, and NEC. The Zenith Electronics Corporation and WEGA Corporations contracted with Sony to produce VCRs for their product lines, the department stores Sears and Quelle sold Beta-format VCRs under their house brands, as did the RadioShack chain of electronic stores. Betamax and VHS competed in a format war, which saw VHS win in most markets. For the professional and broadcast video industry, Sony derived Betacam from Betamax, released in 1982, Betacam became the most widely used videotape format in ENG, replacing the.75 in wide U-matic tape format. But in the key area of recording, Betacam and Betamax are completely different. Sony also offered a range of industrial Betamax products, a Beta I-only format for industrial and institutional users and these were aimed at the same market as U-Matic equipment, but were cheaper and smaller. The arrival of Betacam reduced the demand for both industrial Beta and U-Matic equipment, Betamax also had a significant part to play in the music recording industry, when Sony introduced its PCM digital recording system as an encoding box/PCM adaptor that connected to a Betamax recorder. The Sony PCM-F1 adaptor was sold with a companion Betamax VCR SL-2000 as a digital audio recording system. Many recording engineers used this system in the 1980s and 1990s to make their first digital master recordings and this feature is discussed in more detail on Peep Search. Sony believed that the M-Load transports used by VHS machines made copying these trick modes impossible, betaSkipScan is now available on miniature M-load formats, but even Sony was unable to fully replicate this on VHS. BetaScan was originally called Videola until the company made the Moviola threatened legal action
38.
Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!
–
The plot follows a recently released psychiatric patient who kidnaps an actress in order to make her fall in love with him. He believes his destiny is to marry her and father her children, the film was highly successful with both critics and audiences in Spain. Ricky, a 23-year-old psychiatric patient, has been deemed cured and is released from a mental institution, until then he has been the lover of the woman director of the hospital. An orphan, free, and alone, his goal is to have a life with Marina Osorio, an actress, former porn star, and recovering drug addict. Ricky discovers Marina’s whereabouts from a film journal announcement of the start of her next film and he goes to the studio where Marina is in her last day at work filming The Midnight Phantom, a Euro-horror film about a hideously mutilated, masked muscleman in love with Marina’s character. The film is directed by Máximo Espejo, an old film director confined to a wheelchair after a stroke, Máximo is a gentle mentor to Marina and threatens to throw out a journalist who mentions the words porn and junkie in Marina’s presence. His protection of the actress is not completely innocent since he is attracted to Marina and lusts after her. When Ricky comes to the set, he steals a few items including the keys to Marina’s apartment and before long. Ricky, with a wig, does a handstand to try to capture her attention. Marina does not remember him and quickly dismisses him, after filming the last scene, Marina goes home to change for the post-shoot party. Ricky follows her to her apartment, when she answers the door, Ricky forces his way in. He grabs her and headbutts her to silence her when she screams, he tapes her mouth, Marina wakes with a terrible toothache, which normal painkillers do not relieve as she is addicted to stronger drugs. Ricky explains that he has captured her so that when she gets to him better she will fall in love. Ill never love you, ever, says Marina, understandably enraged at being handcuffed, gagged and lashed to the bed, well see, says Ricky, who would do anything to win her heart. Marina is shocked and in pain, and eventually persuades Ricky to take her to a doctor who can give her the necessary painkillers, Ricky barely leaves her alone with the doctor, and she is unable to communicate her plight. They cannot get the drugs in the pharmacy so Ricky goes off to get them on the black market, however, rather than paying the street price, he attacks the dealer to get the tablets. During the after-filming party Marina’s sister, Lola, who is the assistant director of The Midnight Phantom, increasingly worried about her sister’s disappearance, Lola visits Marinas apartment and leaves a note. To avoid being discovered, Ricky moves Marina to her next door neighbor’s apartment, the apartment is empty, but the owner has left his keys with Lola so she can water his plants while he is away during the summer
.jpg)
Media from Wikimedia Commons
Quotations from Wikiquote
