People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy is a conservative-liberal political party in the Netherlands. The VVD, whose forerunner was the Freedom Party, is a party of the centre-right, which promotes private enterprise and economic liberalism.
Pieter Oud, co-founder and Leader from 1948 to 1963
Hans Wiegel, Leader from 1971 until 1982
Frits Bolkestein, Leader from 1990 until 1998
Mark Rutte, Leader from 2006 until 2023 and Prime Minister of the Netherlands since 2010
Conservative liberalism, also referred to as right-liberalism, is a variant of liberalism, combining liberal values and policies with conservative stances, or simply representing the right-wing of the liberal movement. In the case of modern conservative liberalism, scholars sometimes see it as a more positive and less radical variant of classical liberalism; it is also referred to as an individual tradition that distinguishes it from classical liberalism and social liberalism. Conservative liberal parties tend to combine economically liberal policies with more traditional stances and personal beliefs on social and ethical issues. Ordoliberalism is an influential component of conservative-liberal thought, particularly in its German, British, French, Italian, and American manifestations.
Alexis de Tocqueville had a profound influence on modern conservative-liberal philosophy.
Wilhelm Röpke was representative of ordoliberalism and president of the Mont Pelerin Society from 1961 to 1962.