The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest; the Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline. The body of water is and internationally known as the "Persian Gulf"; some Arab governments refer to it as the "Arabian Gulf" or "The Gulf", but neither term is recognized globally. The name "Gulf of Iran" is used by the International Hydrographic Organization; the Persian Gulf was a battlefield of the 1980–1988 Iran–Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers. It is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War, the air- and land-based conflict that followed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait; the Persian Gulf has many fishing grounds, extensive reefs, abundant pearl oysters, but its ecology has been damaged by industrialization and oil spills. The Persian Gulf is in the Persian Gulf Basin, of Cenozoic origin and related to the subduction of the Arabian Plate under the Zagros Mountains.
The current flooding of the basin started 15,000 years ago due to rising sea levels of the Holocene glacial retreat. This inland sea of some 251,000 square kilometres is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz. In Iran this is called "Arvand Rood", where "Rood" means "river", its length is 989 kilometres, with Iran covering most of the northern coast and Saudi Arabia most of the southern coast. The Persian Gulf is about 56 km wide in the Strait of Hormuz; the waters are overall shallow, with a maximum depth of 90 metres and an average depth of 50 metres. Countries with a coastline on the Persian Gulf are: Iran. Various small islands lie within the Persian Gulf, some of which are the subject of territorial disputes between the states of the region; the International Hydrographic Organization defines the Persian Gulf's southern limit as "The Northwestern limit of Gulf of Oman". This limit is defined as "A line joining Ràs Limah on the coast of Arabia and Ràs al Kuh on the coast of Iran".
The Persian Gulf is connected to the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz. Writing the water balance budget for the Persian Gulf, the inputs are river discharges from Iran and Iraq, as well as precipitation over the sea, around 180 mm /year in Qeshm Island; the evaporation of the sea is high, so that after considering river discharge and rain contributions, there is still a deficit of 416 cubic kilometres per year. This difference is supplied by currents at the Strait of Hormuz; the water from the Persian Gulf has a higher salinity, therefore exits from the bottom of the Strait, while ocean water with less salinity flows in through the top. Another study revealed the following numbers for water exchanges for the Persian Gulf: evaporation = -1.84 m /year, precipitation = 0.08 m /year, inflow from the Strait = 33.66 m /year, outflow from the Strait = -32.11 m /year, the balance is 0 m /year. Data from different 3D computational fluid mechanics models with spatial resolution of 3 kilometres and depth each element equal to 1–10 metres are predominantly used in computer models.
The Persian Gulf and its coastal areas are the world's largest single source of petroleum, related industries dominate the region. Safaniya Oil Field, the world's largest offshore oilfield, is located in the Persian Gulf. Large gas finds have been made, with Qatar and Iran sharing a giant field across the territorial median line. Using this gas, Qatar has built up a substantial liquefied natural petrochemical industry. In 2002, the Persian Gulf nations of Bahrain, Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the UAE produced about 25% of the world's oil, held nearly two-thirds of the world's crude oil reserves, about 35% of the world's natural gas reserves; the oil-rich countries that have a coastline on the Persian Gulf are referred to as the Persian Gulf States. Iraq's egress to the Persian gulf is narrow and blockaded consisting of the marshy river delta of the Shatt al-Arab, which carries the waters of the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers, where the east bank is held by Iran. In 550 BC, the Achaemenid Empire established the first ancient empire in Persis, in the southwestern region of the Iranian plateau.
In the Greek sources, the body of water that bordered this province came to be known as the "Persian Gulf". During the years 550 to 330 BC, coinciding with the sovereignty of the Achaemenid Persian Empire over the Middle East area the whole part of the Persian Gulf and some parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the name of "Pars Sea" is found in the compiled written texts. In the travel account of Pythagoras, several chapters are related to description of his travels accompanied by the Achaemenid king Darius the Great, to Susa and Persepolis, the area is described. From among the writings of others in the same period, there is the inscr
Manasi Parekh is an Indian actress, singer and content creator. She has acted in several popular Indian television shows including Sumit Sambhal Lega on Star Plus, her character Maya was popular and got her the Indian Television Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. As a singer, she has won the music reality show Star ya Rockstar on Zee TV, she produces digital content and documentaries under her production house'Soul Sutra'. Manasi Parekh is a Gujarati brought up in Mumbai. Although born in Mumbai, she is culturally inclined toward Gujarat and visits Gujarat, she is a fan of Purshottam Upadhyaya. She is married to musician Parthiv Gohil, they had a daughter in 2016. Manasi made her debut in acting with the serial Kitni Mast Hai Zindagi in 2004 but became popular in Star One's India Calling in 2005, she won. Manasi appeared in Star Plus' prime time show Gulaal, she was seen in shows like 9X's Remote Control and Star One's Laughter Ke Phatke. She appeared in the Tamil romance film Leelai alongside actor Shiv Panditt, released in April 2012.
Manasi made her Hindi debut with Yeh Kaisi Life. A trained classical singer, Gohil has provided vocals for films such as Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Devdas. In 2019, she made her debut. In 2020, she debuted in Gujarati cinema with Durgesh Tanna's Golkeri. Manasi Parekh Gohil on IMDb Manasi Parekh Gohil on Instagram Mansi goes India calling "I love regional food"
The Battle of Nesbit Moor was an engagement fought in August, 1355 between forces of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. Hostilities broke out in early 1355, following the end of a truce, breakdown of negotiations for the release of David II from English captivity; the English pre-emptively raided into Scotland, burnt the lands of Patrick V, Earl of March. The Earl of March in retaliation, with William, Lord of Douglas, with their contingents, supplemented by a force of sixty French knights marched to the Merse in August. Douglas sent Sir William Ramsay of Dalhousie, a force of men to despoliate and raid the country around Norham Castle, captained by Sir Thomas Grey. Douglas' ploy was to encourage Grey into an ambush. Ramsay called on his garrison to come out of the castle and fight them. Grey, suspicious of other marauding Scots forces, sent scouts to look for evidence of them, but kept behind the stout walls of the castle. Ramsay's men burnt the village, drove off the chattels and beasts.
The scouts returned with nothing to report. Incensed at Ramsay's depredations and Lord Dacre led a force of men-at-arms to pursue the Scots and recover the stolen gear and livestock. March and Douglas meanwhile had hidden themselves in woods to the south of Duns. Ramsay abandoned the livestock, rode north to inform the Earls of Grey's imminent arrival. Grey left the cattle to be collected pursued Ramsay, led his men directly into the trap. Douglas and March's main force cut off any chance of Grey's retreat, by moving between them and the border; as soon as Grey saw the banners of March and Douglas, chivalric honour forbade him to escape, battle was joined. The Englishmen rushed the Scots but soon the superior Scottish numbers began to tell; the Scots won the day and took many prisoners, including Dacre and his newly knighted son Sir Thomas Grey, losing few of their own, excepting John Haliburton of Dirleton. The important English prisoners were taken away into captivity. Most of the common soldiers were bought by one of the French knights, who had them massacred in revenge for the earlier death of his father at English hands.
This incident gave rise to a local landmark known as "Slaughter Hill". The garrison at Berwick on hearing of the fight marched on Norham. March and Thomas Stewart, 2nd Earl of Angus counter-attacked and laid siege to Berwick. Unable to take the Castle, March ordered a massacre of English civilians in the town and set it ablaze; the Scots retreated following news of a large army advancing under Edward III of England, who proceeded into Scotland and laid waste to Lothian, in an episode that would be remembered as the Burnt Candlemas. Fordun, John of, Chronica Gentis Scotorum, ed. Skene. Edinburgh 1872. Fraser, Sir William, The Douglas Book IV vols. Edinburgh 1885. Maxwell, Sir Herbert. A History of the House of Douglas II. Freemantle. London, 1902