1.
Olivier Assayas
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Olivier Assayas is a French film director, screenwriter and film critic. Assayas was born in Paris, France, the son of French director/screenwriter Raymond Assayas, alias Jacques Rémy and his father was of Italian Jewish origin and his mother was of Protestant Hungarian origin. Assayas started his career in the industry by helping his father and he ghostwrote episodes for TV shows his father was working on when his health failed. In a 2010 interview, Assayas stated that his political influences when growing up were Guy Debord. Speaking of the 1968 May uprising to overthrow General de Gaulle, Assayas in the same interview stated, I was defined by the politics of May 68, but for me May 68 was an anti-totalitarian uprising. People seemed to forget that at the occupied Odéon theater, you had crossed flags-black and red and he made his debut in 1986, after directing some short films and writing for the influential film magazine Cahiers du cinéma. Assayass film Cold Water was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival. His biggest hit to date has been Irma Vep, starring Hong Kong star Maggie Cheung, while working at Cahiers du cinéma, Assayas wrote lovingly about European film directors he admires but also about Asian directors. One of his films, HHH, A Portrait of Hou Hsiao-Hsien, is a documentary about Taiwanese filmmaker Hou Hsiao-Hsien and he married Hong Kong movie actress Maggie Cheung in 1998. They divorced in 2001, but their relationship remained amicable, and they met when Hansen-Løve, seventeen at the time, starred in Assayass 1998 feature Late August, Early September, but didnt get together until was 20. He directed and co-wrote the acclaimed 2010 French television miniseries Carlos, venezuelan actor Édgar Ramírez won the César Award for Most Promising Actor in 2011 for his performance as Carlos. In April 2011, it was announced that he would be a member of the jury for the competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. His 2012 film, Something in the Air, was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival, Assayas won the Osella for Best Screenplay at Venice. His 2014 film Clouds of Sils Maria was selected to compete for the Palme dOr in the competition section at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. Sils Maria won the Louis Delluc Prize and garnered six César Award nominations including Best Film, Best Director, the film won a César Award for Best Supporting Actress for American actress Kristen Stewart
Olivier Assayas
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Assayas in 2010
2.
Kristen Stewart
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Kristen Jaymes Stewart is an American actress and model. Born in Los Angeles to parents working in business, Stewart began her acting career in 1997 with uncredited roles. She gained notice in 2002 for playing Jodie Fosters daughter in the thriller Panic Room and she went on to star in Speak, Catch That Kid, Zathura, and Into The Wild, for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award. She received widespread recognition in 2008 for playing Bella Swan in The Twilight Saga film series, Stewart has appeared in a wide variety of films, including Adventureland, The Runaways, Snow White and the Huntsman, On the Road, Camp X-Ray, Still Alice and Equals. She won the BAFTA Rising Star Award in 2010 and was awarded the Milan International Film Festival Award for Best Actress in 2011 for Welcome to the Rileys. She starred in Personal Shopper, written for her by director Olivier Assayras, Stewart was listed as the highest-earning female actress in the Vanity Fair Hollywood Top Earners List of 2010, with an estimated earning of $28.5 million. In 2011, she was named number one on Forbes list of Hollywoods Best Actors for the Buck, Forbes also named her as the highest paid actress in 2012, with total earnings of $34.5 million. She is the face of Chanel and Balenciaga fashion brands, Stewart was born and raised in Los Angeles. Both of her parents work in the entertainment industry and her father, John Stewart, is a stage manager and television producer who has worked for Fox and currently works on Comedy Central show @midnight. Her mother, Jules Mann-Stewart, is originally from Maroochydore, Queensland and she is a script supervisor and has also directed a film, the 2012 prison drama K-11. She has a brother, Cameron B. Stewart, and two adopted brothers, Dana and Taylor, Stewart attended local schools until the seventh grade. As she became involved in acting, she continued her education by correspondence until completing high school. As she grew up with a family who worked behind the camera, Stewart thought she would become a screenwriter/director and she recalled, I never wanted to be the center of attention — I wasnt that I want to be famous, I want to be an actor kid. I never sought out acting, but I always practiced my autograph because I love pens, Id write my name on everything. She began acting at 8, after an agent saw her perform in her elementary schools Christmas play, after auditioning for a year, Stewart gained her first role with a small, nonspeaking part in the Disney Channel TV-movie The Thirteenth Year. Her next film was The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas, where she played the ring toss girl and she also appeared in the independent film The Safety of Objects, as the tomboy daughter of a troubled single mother. Stewart also played a tomboy, diabetic daughter of a mother in the film Panic Room
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the
2014 Cannes Film Festival
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the 2007 Breakthrough Awards of Hollywood Life Magazine.
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the Australian premiere of
Snow White and the Huntsman in June 2012
Kristen Stewart
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Stewart at the UK premiere of
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2 in November 2012
3.
Benjamin Biolay
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Benjamin Biolay is a French singer, songwriter, musician, actor and record producer. He is the brother of singer Coralie Clément, whose two albums he wrote and produced, and the ex-husband of Chiara Mastroianni, the daughter of Catherine Deneuve and his low-key vocal style is somewhat similar to French pop star Étienne Daho. He wrote or performed most of the songs on the 2004 soundtrack to Clara et Moi by Arnaud Viard, and released the album Home with his wife the same year. After two more rock oriented albums in 2005 and 2007 he was dropped by his company and began working on his first independent release, La Superbe. This was followed by the soundtrack album Pourquoi tu pleures in 2011, benjamin was married to actress and singer Chiara Mastroianni from 2002 to 2005, they have a daughter, Anna, born 22 April 2003. In 2012 Biolay was introduced to singer and actress Vanessa Paradis by designer Karl Lagerfeld and they were in a relationship from 2013 to May 2015, and recorded a duet, Profite, on his album Vengeance. As of June 2015, he is rumoured to be dating French actress Anna Mouglalis
Benjamin Biolay
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Benjamin Biolay, concert at the
Casino de Paris, Paris (2011)
4.
Cristian Mungiu
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Cristian Mungiu is a Romanian filmmaker, winner of the Palme dOr in 2007. After studying English literature at the University of Iaşi, he worked for a few years as a teacher, after that, he enrolled at the University of Film in Bucharest to study film directing. After graduating in 1998, Mungiu made several short films, in 2002, he debuted with his first feature film, Occident. Occident enjoyed critical success, winning prizes in film festivals. In 2007 Mungiu wrote and directed his feature,4 Months,3 Weeks and 2 Days. Mungiu has said that early Miloš Forman and Robert Altman are important filmmakers who influenced him and he also respects the realism of Bicycle Thieves, among other famous realistic films. Mungiu is the brother of political analyst Alina Mungiu-Pippidi, the film was also selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards, making the January shortlist. In 2013 he produced the film of Nae Caranfil 6.9 on Richter In April 2013 he was selected as a member of the main competition jury at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. After Beyond the Hills Cristian Mungius new project will deal with parenting, the producer/writer/director hopes to shoot it in 2015 ideally while there are still leaves on the trees. net
Cristian Mungiu
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Cristian Mungiu
5.
Hilma af Klint
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Hilma af Klint was a Swedish artist and mystic whose paintings were amongst the first abstract art. A considerable body of her abstract work predates the first purely abstract compositions by Kandinsky. She belonged to a group called The Five, a circle of women who shared her belief in the importance of trying to contact with the so-called High Masters - often by way of séances. Her paintings, which sometimes resemble diagrams, were a representation of complex spiritual ideas. In these idyllic surroundings Hilma came into contact with nature at a stage in her life. Later in life, Hilma af Klint came to live on a permanent basis at Munsö, from her family, Hilma af Klint inherited a great interest for mathematics and botanic. She showed an ability in visual art, and after the family moved to Stockholm, she studied at the Academy of Fine Arts of Stockholm. This choice was controversial at this time, as very few women had access to higher studies in the beginning of the 20th century. At the Academy of Fine Arts she met Anna Cassel, the first of the four women with whom she worked in The Five. She graduated in 1887 and began working in Stockholm, gaining recognition for her landscapes, botanical drawings and her conventional painting became the source of financial income. But her lifes work remained a separate practice. In 1880 her younger sister Hermina died and it was at time that the spiritual dimension of her life began to develop. The interest for abstraction and symbolism came from Hilma af Klints interest in spiritism, very much en vogue at the end of the 19th, Hilma af Klint became interested in the theosophy of Madame Blavatsky and the philosophy of Christian Rosencreutz. In 1908 she met for the first time Rudolf Steiner, the founder of the Anthroposophical Society, Rudolf Steiner initiated her to his own theories regarding arts, and would have a certain influence on her paintings later in life. Several years later, in 1920, she would meet him again in Goetheanum in Dornach in Switzerland, between 1921 and 1930 she would spend long journeys at Goetheanum. Af Klints work can be understood in the context of the modernist search for new forms in artistic, spiritual, political. However, the transition to abstract art and the non figurative painting of Hilma af Klint would occur without any contacts with the modern movements of this time. The works of Hilma af Klint is mainly spiritual, and her work in a consequence of this
Hilma af Klint
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Portrait photo by an unknown photographer, c. 1900 or earlier
Hilma af Klint
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Eftersommar (Late Summer) an early naturalistic work, painted by af Klint in 1903. An example of the works she exhibited to the public during her lifetime.
Hilma af Klint
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Svanen (The Swan), No. 17, Group IX, Series SUW, October 1914-March 1915. This abstract work was never exhibited during af Klint's lifetime.
6.
Victor Hugo
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Victor Marie Hugo was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. He is considered one of the greatest and best-known French writers, outside France, his best-known works are the novels Les Misérables,1862, and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame,1831. In France, Hugo is known primarily for his collections, such as Les Contemplations. He produced more than 4,000 drawings and also campaigned for causes such as the abolition of capital punishment. He is buried in the Panthéon in Paris and his legacy has been honoured in many ways, including his portrait being placed on French currency. Victor Hugo was the son of Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo and Sophie Trébuchet, his brothers were Abel Joseph Hugo. He was born in 1802 in Besançon in the region of Franche-Comté. On 19 November 1821, Léopold Hugo wrote to his son that he had conceived on one of the highest peaks in the Vosges Mountains. This elevated origin, he went on, seems to have had effects on you so that your muse is now continually sublime, Hugos childhood was a period of national political turmoil. Napoleon was proclaimed Emperor of the French two years after Hugos birth, and the Bourbon Monarchy was restored before his 13th birthday, since Hugos father was an officer, the family moved frequently and Hugo learned much from these travels. On a childhood trip to Naples, Hugo saw the vast Alpine passes and the snowy peaks, the magnificently blue Mediterranean. Though he was five years old at the time, he remembered the six-month-long trip vividly. They stayed in Naples for a few months and then headed back to Paris, at the beginning of her marriage, Hugos mother Sophie followed her husband to posts in Italy and Spain. Thereafter she dominated Hugos education and upbringing, as a result, Hugos early work in poetry and fiction reflect her passionate devotion to both King and Faith. It was only later, during the leading up to Frances 1848 Revolution. Young Victor fell in love and, against his mothers wishes, because of his close relationship with his mother, Hugo waited until after her death to marry Adèle in 1822. Adèle and Victor Hugo had their first child, Léopold, in 1823, on 28 August 1824, the couples second child, Léopoldine was born, followed by Charles on 4 November 1826, François-Victor on 28 October 1828, and Adèle on 24 August 1830. Hugos eldest and favourite daughter, Léopoldine, died aged 19 in 1843, on 4 September, she drowned in the Seine at Villequier, pulled down by her heavy skirts when a boat overturned
Victor Hugo
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Woodburytype of Victor Hugo by
Étienne Carjat, 1876.
Victor Hugo
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Illustration by
Luc-Olivier Merson for
Notre-Dame de Paris (1881), showing the recently restored
galerie des chimères.
Victor Hugo
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Victor Hugo in 1853
Victor Hugo
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Portrait of "
Cosette " by
Émile Bayard, from the original edition of
Les Misérables (1862)
7.
Clouds of Sils Maria
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Clouds of Sils Maria is a 2014 drama film written and directed by Olivier Assayas, and starring Juliette Binoche, Kristen Stewart, and Chloë Grace Moretz. The film is a French-German-Swiss co-production, principal photography took place from August to October 2013, with most of the filming taking place in Sils Maria, Switzerland. The film follows an established middle-aged actress who is cast as the lover in a romantic lesbian drama opposite an upstart young starlet. She is overcome with personal insecurities and professional jealousies—all while sexual tension simmers between her and her personal assistant, the screenplay was written with Binoche in mind and incorporates elements from her life into the plot. The film received positive reviews, with critics lauding the work as psychologically complex and it won the Louis Delluc Prize for Best Film in December 2014, and received six Cesar Award nominations. Stewart receiving the César Award for Best Supporting Actress in February 2015, Maria Enders is an international film star and stage actress. She travels with a loyal young American assistant, Valentine, the play centers on the tempestuous relationship between Sigrid and Helena, a vulnerable older woman. Helena commits suicide after Sigrid takes advantage of her, and dumps her and his widow Rosa later confides that Wilhelm had ended his life and had been terminally ill. During the awards ceremony, Maria is approached by Klaus Diesterweg and he wants to persuade her to appear on stage in Maloja Snake again, but this time in the role of Helena, the older woman. Maria is torn and reluctantly accepts, to prepare for the role, she accepts Rosas offer to stay at the Melchiors house in Sils Maria. Rosa is leaving to escape her memories of Wilhelm, marias discussions with Valentine and their read-throughs of the plays scenes evoke uncertainty about the nature of their relationship. A young American actress, 19-year-old Jo-Ann Ellis, has chosen to interpret the role of Sigrid. Researching her on Google and the internet, Valentine tells Maria, who is out of touch from social media, questions soon multiply regarding aging, time, culture and the blurring line between the Sigrid/Helena and the Valentine/Maria relationships. Maria and Jo-Ann finally meet, but their relationship is complicated, Jo-Ann appears to be implicated in the attempted suicide of the wife of her new boyfriend. During their time at Sils Maria, Maria and Valentine spend much of their days hiking in the Alps, on a final such outing, they hike to the Maloja Pass – to observe a fascinating early morning cloud phenomenon that appears low in the pass. The disconsolate Valentine disappears without explanation, never to reappear, six weeks later, a young filmmaker visits Maria by appointment five minutes before the curtain rises on the opening night of Maloja Snake in London. Maria seems preoccupied, so near to curtain rise, and dismisses his suggested ideas about the film role he is offering her as too abstract for me. Then she is on stage, smoking and waiting for Sigrid, principal photography of Clouds of Sils Maria began on 22 August 2013 and ended on 4 October
Clouds of Sils Maria
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Juliette Binoche,
Olivier Assayas, and
Chloë Grace Moretz promoting the film at the
2014 Cannes Film Festival.
Clouds of Sils Maria
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French theatrical poster
8.
Principal photography
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Principal photography is the phase of film production in which the movie is filmed, with actors on set and cameras rolling, as distinct from pre-production and post-production. Its start generally marks a point of no return for the financiers, feature films usually have insurance in place by the time principal photography begins. The death of a star before completing all planned takes. For example, sets are notoriously flammable, and most older studios feature water towers for that reason, furthermore, professional-quality movie cameras are normally rented as needed, and most camera houses will not allow rentals of their equipment without proof of insurance. Once a film concludes principal photography, it is said to have wrapped, in these circumstances, additional material may have to be shot. If the material has already been shot once, or is substantial, the process is referred to as a re-shoot, learning materials related to Filmmaking at Wikiversity Media related to Filmmaking at Wikimedia Commons
Principal photography
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Film production on location in
Newark, New Jersey.
9.
Cannes Film Festival
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Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. On 1 July 2014, co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+ Pierre Lescure took over as President of the festival, the Board of Directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the festival. The 2016 Cannes Film Festival took place between 11 and 22 May 2016, australian film director George Miller was the President of the Jury. I, Daniel Blake, directed by British director Ken Loach, in 2017, The Festival de Cannes will celebrate its 70th anniversary edition from May 17 to 28. In 1947, the festival was held as the Festival du film de Cannes, at that time the principle of equality was introduced, with a jury made up of only one representative per country. The festival is now held at the Palais des Festivals, expressly constructed for the occasion, although for its 1949 inaugural the roof was unfinished, the festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. Although its origins may be attributed in part to the French desire to compete with Autumns Venice Film Festival, in 1955, the Palme dOr was created, replacing the Grand Prix du Festival which had been given until that year. In 1957, Dolores del Rio was the first female member of the jury as a Sélection officielle – Member, in 1959, the Marché du Film was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce, in 1962, the International Critics Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors all over the world. In 1965, an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, the next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival. The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May, some directors, such as Carlos Saura and Miloš Forman, had withdrawn their films from the competition. The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors Society that same year, during the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972, Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President and he immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival, Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films. In 1978, Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra dOr award, in 1983, a new, much bigger Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed The Bunker and provoked many reactions against it, in 1984, Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival. It was not until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection and its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities
Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
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Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
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Stars posing for photographers are a part of Cannes folklore.
Cannes Film Festival
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Palme d'Or awarded to
Apocalypse Now at the
1979 Cannes Film Festival
10.
IFC Films
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IFC Films is an American film production and distribution company based in New York City. It is an offshoot of IFC owned by AMC Networks and it distributes independent films and documentaries under its namesake, Sundance Selects and IFC Midnight brands. IFC has several ventures in video on demand, available through cable television pay-per-view, Apple iTunes, in 2002, IFC Films struck a deal with MGM Home Entertainment to release its theatrical films to home video. That same year, In 2006, IFC Films began distributing films to Apple iTunes. The first batch were thirteen films with nominations in the Film Independent Spirit Awards, on May 27,2010, IFC Films struck another home video distribution deal with Paramount Home Media Distribution. IFC Films first release was a drama in 1999, Spring Forward, directed by Tom Gilroy. S. A
IFC Films
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IFC Films
11.
Universal Pictures
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Universal Pictures is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. The company was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley and its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City. Universal Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America and is one of Hollywoods Big Six studios. Universal Studios was founded by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, one story has Laemmle watching a box office for hours, counting patrons and calculating the days takings. Within weeks of his Chicago trip, Laemmle gave up dry goods to buy the first several nickelodeons, for Laemmle and other such entrepreneurs, the creation in 1908 of the Edison-backed Motion Picture Trust meant that exhibitors were expected to pay fees for Trust-produced films they showed. Soon, Laemmle and other disgruntled nickelodeon owners decided to avoid paying Edison by producing their own pictures, in June 1909, Laemmle started the Yankee Film Company with partners Abe Stern and Julius Stern. Laemmle broke with Edisons custom of refusing to give billing and screen credits to performers, by naming the movie stars, he attracted many of the leading players of the time, contributing to the creation of the star system. In 1910, he promoted Florence Lawrence, formerly known as The Biograph Girl, the Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30,1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley. Eventually all would be out by Laemmle. Following the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1912 the company was focusing its efforts in the Hollywood area. On March 15,1915, Laemmle opened the worlds largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, studio management became the third facet of Universals operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists, Universal became the largest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an audience mostly in towns, producing mostly inexpensive melodramas, westerns. In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers, Bluebird, more ambitious productions, and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, despite Laemmles role as an innovator, he was an extremely cautious studio chief. Unlike rivals Adolph Zukor, William Fox, and Marcus Loew and he also financed all of his own films, refusing to take on debt. Character actor Lon Chaney became a card for Universal in the 1920s
Universal Pictures
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Mark Dintenfass was co-founder of Universal Studios.
Universal Pictures
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Universal Studios Inc.
Universal Pictures
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Boris Karloff in
Bride of Frankenstein (1935)
Universal Pictures
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Ceremonial gate to Universal Studios Hollywood (the theme park attached to the studio lot)
12.
The Guardian
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The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, the Scott Trust became a limited company in 2008, with a constitution to maintain the same protections for The Guardian. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than to the benefit of an owner or shareholders, the Guardian is edited by Katharine Viner, who succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. In 2016, The Guardians print edition had a daily circulation of roughly 162,000 copies in the country, behind The Daily Telegraph. The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US, the newspapers online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers, notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowlers phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UKs biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, in 2016, it led the investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing the then British Prime Minister David Camerons links to offshore bank accounts. The Guardian has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, the paper is still occasionally referred to by its nickname of The Grauniad, given originally for the purported frequency of its typographical errors. The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle and they launched their paper after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they better than those that do. When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the champions had the upper hand. The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, the prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty. Warmly advocate the cause of Reform, endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and. Support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, in 1825 the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828. The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called the Manchester Guardian the foul prostitute, the Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labours claims. The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators –, if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. CP Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised and he was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylors son in 1907. Under Scott, the moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886
The Guardian
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The Guardian front page on 6 June 2014
The Guardian
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The Guardian senior news writer Esther Addley interviewing Ecuadorian Foreign Minister
Ricardo Patiño for this article relating to
Julian Assange (August 2014)
The Guardian
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The Guardian's HQ in
London
The Guardian
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The Guardian' s Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name The Manchester Guardian
13.
Time (magazine)
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Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
Time (magazine)
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The first issue of Time (March 3, 1923), featuring
Speaker Joseph G. Cannon.
Time (magazine)
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Bibi Aisha on the Cover of Time.
Time (magazine)
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Time Magazine red X covers: from left to right, Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, and Osama bin Laden.
14.
New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
New York Times
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Cover of The New York Times (November 15, 2012), with the headline story reporting on
Operation Pillar of Defense.
New York Times
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The Times Square Building, The New York Times ' publishing headquarters, 1913–2007
New York Times
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The New York Times newsroom, 1942
New York Times
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A speech in the newsroom after announcement of
Pulitzer Prize winners, 2009
15.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa
Rotten Tomatoes
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60–100%
Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes
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≤0-59%
16.
Metacritic
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Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a color of Green, Yellow or Red summarizes the critics recommendations and therefore the general appeal of the product to reviewers and, to a lesser extent, the public. It is regarded as the game industrys foremost review aggregator. Metacritics scoring converts each review into a percentage, either mathematically from the mark given, before being averaged, the scores are weighted according to the critics fame, stature, and volume of reviews. Metacritic was launched in July 1999 by Marc Doyle, his sister Julie Doyle Roberts, rotten Tomatoes was already compiling movie reviews, but Doyle, Roberts, and Dietz saw an opportunity to cover a broader range of media. They sold Metacritic to CNET in 2005, CNET and Metacritic are now owned by the CBS Corporation. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal wrote in September 2004, Mr. Doyle,36, is now a product manager at CNET. Speaking of video games, Doyle said, A site like ours helps people cut through. unobjective promotional language and he added that the review process was not taken as seriously when unconnected magazines and websites provided reviews in isolation. In August 2010, the appearance was revamped, reaction from users was overwhelmingly negative. Certain publications are given more significance because of their stature, games Editor Marc Doyle was interviewed by Keith Stuart of The Guardian to get a look behind the metascoring process. Stuart wrote, the phenomenon, namely Metacritic and GameRankings, have become an enormously important element of online games journalism over the past few years. The ranging of metascores is, Metacritic is regarded as the foremost online review site for the video game industry. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal has written that Metacritic influence the sales of games and he explains its influence as coming from the higher cost of buying video games than music or movie tickets. Many executives say that low scores can hurt the sales potential. He claimed that a number of businesses and financial analysts use Metacritic as an early indicator of a games potential sales and, by extension. In 2004, Jason Hall of Warner Bros. began including quality metrics in contracts with partners licensing its movies for games, if a product does not at least achieve a specific score, some deals require the publisher to pay higher royalties. In 2008, Microsoft began using Metacritic averages to de-list underperforming Xbox Live Arcade games and these are the top 10 individual games with the highest scores on the site as of 2 April 2017
Metacritic
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Metacritic
17.
Box Office Mojo
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Box Office Mojo is a website that tracks box office revenue in a systematic, algorithmic way, founded in 1999. In 2008, Box Office Mojo was bought by the Internet Movie Database, the website is widely used within the film industry as a source of data. From 2002–11, Box Office Mojo had forums popular with film fans, on October 10,2014, the websites URL was redirected to Amazons IMDB. com website for one day, but the website returned the following day without explanation. Brandon Gray began the site in 1999, in 2002, Gray partnered with Sean Saulsbury and grew the site to nearly two million readers. In July 2008, the company was purchased by Amazon. com through its subsidiary, Box Office Mojo had forums with more than 16,500 registered users. On November 2,2011 the forums were closed along with any user accounts. Tracking is still very closely to the day by day, actual tabulation of distributors. The site also creates an overall chart, combining all box office returns from around the world, excluding the United States. The overall weekend chart currently tracks the Top 40 films as well as approximately fifty additional films with no ranking, the site additionally has yearly and all time features for its various territories. Box Office Mojo was as of June 2009 reporting limited data from overseas and is work on improvements, most of the international charts have not been updated since November 2014. On October 10,2014, all traffic to Box Office Mojo was redirected to IMDbs box office page, queries about the closure to IMDb and Amazon representatives were met with no response. Neither Brandon Gray, who founded the website but left several years ago after its sale to Amazon, nor Ray Subers, on Ray Subers Twitter account, he revealed the websites return, but also stated he would not answer any questions pertaining to closure. Subers subsequently left the website seven months later
Box Office Mojo
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Box Office Mojo homepage
