Publius Helvius Pertinax was Roman emperor for the first three months of 193. He succeeded Commodus to become the first emperor during the tumultuous Year of the Five Emperors.
Bust, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Roman aureus struck under the rule of Pertinax. Inscription: IMP. CAES. P. HELV. PERTIN. AVG. / PROVIDentia DEORum COnSul II
Coin of Pertinax' son with the legend: "KAI[C]AP [ΠΕΡΤΙΝΑΞ]" (Caesar Pertinax)
Commodus was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 until his assassination in 192. For the first three years of his reign he was co-emperor with his father Marcus Aurelius. Commodus' sole rule, starting with the death of Aurelius in 180, is commonly thought to mark the end of a golden age of peace and prosperity in the history of the Roman Empire.
Bust c. 180–185
Commodus as a child
A denarius featuring Commodus. Inscription: TR. P. VIII, IMP. VI, COS. IIII, P. P. – S. C. (full meaning: Tribunicia Potestate Octava, Imperator Sextum, Consul Quartum, Pater Patriae. Senatus Consultum – translation: Holder of Tribunician Power for the Eighth Time, Supreme Commander (Imperator) for the Sixth Time, Consul for the Fourth Time, Father of the Nation. Decree of the Senate.)
Commodus with attributes of Helios, Apollo and Jupiter, late 2nd century AD, sardonyx cameo relief, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
![Coin of Pertinax' son with the legend: "KAI[C]AP [ΠΕΡΤΙΝΑΞ]" (Caesar Pertinax)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tetradrachm_Pertinax_Caesar.jpg/640px-Tetradrachm_Pertinax_Caesar.jpg)
