1.
Punk rock
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Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
2.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
3.
Pop punk
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Pop punk is a punk rock music genre and a fusion genre that combines elements of punk rock with elements of pop music. Pop punk typically combines fast punk rock tempos, power chord changes and loud, distorted guitars with pop-influenced melodies. Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a style that was stylistically similar to power pop. By the mid-1980s, several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new, faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty, Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s. Pop punk particularly thrived in California, where independent record labels adopted a do it approach to releasing music. By the mid-1990s, a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive radio and television airplay. By 1994, pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity, the late 1990s, exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182s Enema of the State, represented the genres mainstream peak, although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s. In the mid-2000s, emo pop, a genre combining emo and pop punk. By the end of the 2000s, the pop sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity. Pop punk typically merges upbeat pop melodies with catchy hooks, catchy choruses, harmonies, speedy tempos, punk rock power chord changes and loud, distorted electric guitars. About. com has described second-wave pop punk bands as having a radio friendly sheen to their music, club, pop punk often pits sweet harmonies against bratty, rowdy riffs. Lyrical topics that are common in pop punk include love, lust, drunkenness, adolescence, cartoonish violence, some pop punk lyrics focus on jokes and humor. Some pop punk music features elements of rock, power pop. According to Ryan Cooper of About. com, pop punk is a style that more to the Beatles. It is not clear when the pop punk was first used. Protopunk and power pop bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s helped lay the groundwork for the pop punk sound, the Beatles, the Kinks and the Beach Boys all paved the way for pop punk. With their love of the Beach Boys and late 1960s bubblegum pop, the Ramones loud and fast melodic minimalism differentiated them from other bands in New York Citys budding art rock scene, but pop punk was not considered a separate subgenre until later. An early use of the pop punk appeared in a 1977 New York Times article, Cabaret
4.
Power pop
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Power pop is a pop rock music subgenre that draws its inspiration from 1960s British and American rock music. It typically incorporates a combination of devices such as strong melodies, clear vocals and crisp vocal harmonies, economical arrangements. Instrumental solos are usually kept to a minimum, and blues elements are largely downplayed, in the 1980s and 1990s, power pop continued as a commercially modest genre but by the mid-1990s through the 2000s, power pop was mainly in the underground. While its cultural impact has waxed and waned over the decades, Power pop is a more aggressive form of pop rock that is based on catchy, melodic hooks and energetic moods. The Small Faces are often cited as being among the progenitors of power pop, the Whos role in the creation of power pop has been cited by singer-songwriter Eric Carmen of the Raspberries, who has said, Pete Townshend coined the phrase to define what the Who did. For some reason, it didnt stick to the Who, but it did stick to these groups came out in the 70s that played kind of melodic songs with crunchy guitars. It just kind of stuck to us like glue, and that was okay with us because the Who were among our highest role models, other acts such as the Knickerbockers, the Easybeats and the Outsiders contributed iconic singles. Writer John Borack has noted, Its also quite easy to draw a line from garage rock to power pop. Although the formative influences on the genre were primarily British, the bands that developed and codified power pop in the 1970s were nearly all American. The Raspberries 1972 hit single Go All The Way is an almost perfect embodiment of the elements of power pop, the most influential group of the period may have been Big Star. The Replacements even recorded a song entitled Alex Chilton in honor of Big Stars frontman, spurred on by the emergence of punk rock and new wave, power pop enjoyed a prolific and commercially successful period in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although coined in the 1960s, and used as early as 1973 in reference to Sweet, as the novelist Michael Chabon has written, Power pop in its essential form. Did not come into existence for a number of years after it was first identified, like so much of the greatest work turned out by popular artists of the 1970s, true power pop is quintessential second-generation stuff. The term was used in reference to critics favorites Elvis Costello and Nick Lowe. Los Angeles-based Bomp. magazine championed power pop in its March 1978 issue, tying the genres roots to 1960s groups like the Who, like their punk brethren, late–1970s power pop groups favored a leaner and punchier sound than their early–1970s predecessors. Some occasionally incorporated synthesizers into their music, though not to the degree as did their new wave counterparts. Representative singles from the period include releases from the Bomp, records label by 20/20, Shoes and the Romantics. Major label groups like Cheap Trick, the Cars and Blondie merged power pop influences with other styles and achieved their first mainstream success with albums released in 1978
5.
Emo
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Emo /ˈiːmoʊ/ is a loosely categorized music genre characterized by expressive, often confessional, lyrics. By the mid-1990s, numerous emo acts formed in the Midwestern and Central United States, meanwhile, a more aggressive style of emo, screamo, had also emerged. Emo broke into mainstream culture in the early 2000s with the success of Jimmy Eat World. In the wake of success, many emo bands were signed to major record labels. By the early 2010s, the popularity of emo began to decrease, some bands moved away from their emo roots and some bands disbanded. An underground emo revival emerged in the 2010s, with drawing on the sounds and aesthetics of emo of the 1990s. The term emo has been applied by critics and journalists to a variety of artists, including acts and groups with disparate styles. In addition to music, emo is often used more generally to signify a particular relationship between fans and artists, and to describe related aspects of fashion, culture, and behavior. Emo has been associated with a stereotype that includes being particularly emotional, sensitive, misanthropic, shy, introverted and it has also been associated with stereotypes like depression, self-harm, and suicide. While emo originated in hardcore punk and has considered a subgenre of post-hardcore, it has also been associated with indie rock. The fusion of emo with pop punk is known as emo pop. The New York Times described as emo as emotional punk or post-hardcore or pop-punk and that is, punk that wears its heart on its sleeve and tries a little tenderness to leaven its sonic attack. If it helps, imagine Ricky Nelson singing in the Sex Pistols, author Matt Diehl described emo as a more sensitive interpolation of punks mission. The 1966 album Pet Sounds by the American rock band the Beach Boys has been characterized as the first emo album by Treblezines Ernest Simpson, in some ways, one could find trace elements of in early emo albums of the 2000s. In the 1980s, the Washington, D. C. hardcore scene swelled in size with the formation of many hardcore punk, post-hardcore itself is a more melodic and experimental offshoot of hardcore inspired by post-punk. Hardcore bands that were influential on many early emo bands include Minor Threat, The Faith, Black Flag, Emo originated as an outgrowth of the hardcore punk scene of early 1980s Washington, D. C. Minor Threat fan Guy Picciotto formed Rites of Spring in 1984, breaking free of hardcores self-imposed boundaries in favor of guitars, varied rhythms. Many of the themes would become familiar tropes in later generations of emo music, including nostalgia, romantic bitterness
6.
The Offspring
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The Offspring is an American punk rock band from Huntington Beach, California, formed in 1984. Originally formed under the name Manic Subsidal, the band consists of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Dexter Holland, bassist Greg K. lead guitarist Kevin Noodles Wasserman and drummer Pete Parada. The Offspring went through lineup changes over the years, and Holland. The band is often credited—alongside fellow California punk bands Green Day, Bad Religion, NOFX, Pennywise and they have sold over 40 million records worldwide, being considered one of the best-selling punk rock bands of all time. To date, the Offspring has released nine studio albums and their first three albums for the independent record labels Nemesis and Epitaph earned them a cult following. Splinter was followed five years later by Rise and Fall, Rage and Grace, the Offspring is currently in production of their tenth studio album, which is due for release in 2017. The foundations for the Offspring began with guitarist/vocalist Bryan Dexter Holland and bassist Greg Kriesel playing music together in a garage in Cypress, at a party, and following a riot at a 1984 Social Distortion show, they decided to form a band called Manic Subsidal. Holland changed his role from drums to guitar, and the band was rounded out by singer Doug Thompson, marcus Parrish briefly joined as a second guitarist, however, no recordings were made at this point. After Thompson was forced out, Holland took over vocals, in 1985, school janitor Kevin Noodles Wasserman joined as a second guitarist, allegedly because he was old enough to purchase alcohol for the other members, who were under the legal drinking age. In 1986, after changing their name to The Offspring, the released their first single. They released the single on their self-made Black Label record company, an earlier version of Ill Be Waiting, which was then known as Fire and Ice, appeared on the long-out of print Subject to Blackout compilation tape, which was also released in 1986. Also in 1986, the Offspring recorded a tape, which received a positive review in Maximum Rocknroll magazine. Lilja left the Offspring in 1987 to pursue a career in gynecology, and was replaced by Ron Welty. After recording another demo in 1988, The Offspring signed a deal with a small-time label. In March 1989, the band teamed up with producer Thom Wilson to record their first album, the album was released in limited numbers by the label, only on the 12 vinyl and cassette formats, and was not released on CD until 1995. A six-week national tour followed, but Noodles was later stabbed during a performance at a Hollywood anti-nuclear benefit, in 1991 the Offspring teamed up with Wilson again to produce the Baghdad 7 EP and a third demo tape. This EP and demo were instrumental to the signing with Epitaph Records. In 1992 Thom Wilson and the Offspring returned to the studio to record their second album Ignition, the band went on U. S. tours with Pennywise and Lunachicks, and a European tour with NOFX
7.
Devo
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Devo is an American rock band that formed in 1973, consisting of members from Kent and Akron, Ohio. Their classic line-up consisted of two sets of brothers, the Mothersbaughs and the Casales, along with Alan Myers, the band had a No.14 Billboard chart hit in 1980 with the single Whip It and has maintained a cult following throughout its existence. Devos music and stage shows mingle kitsch science fiction themes, deadpan surrealist humor, Devo was also a pioneer of the music video, creating many memorable clips for the LaserDisc format, with Whip It getting heavy airplay in the early days of MTV. In the late 1960s, this idea was developed as a joke by Kent State University art students Gerald Casale and Bob Lewis, at this time, Casale had also performed with the local band 15-60-75. They met Mark Mothersbaugh around 1970, a talented keyboardist who had been playing with the band Flossy Bobbitt, the joke about de-evolution became serious following the Kent State shootings of May 4,1970. This event would be cited multiple times as the impetus for forming the band Devo, the first form of Devo was the Sextet Devo which performed at the 1973 Kent State performing arts festival. It included Casale, Lewis and Mothersbaugh, as well as Geralds brother Bob Casale on guitar and this performance was filmed and a part was included on the home video The Complete Truth About De-Evolution. Devo returned to perform in the Student Governance Center at the 1974 Creative Arts Festival with a line-up including the Casale brothers, Bob Lewis, Mark Mothersbaugh, and Jim Mothersbaugh on drums. The band continued to perform, generally as a quartet, but with a fluid line-up including Marks brothers Bob Mothersbaugh, Bob played electric guitar, and Jim provided percussion using a set of home-made electronic drums. Their first two videos, Secret Agent Man and Jocko Homo featured on The Truth About De-Evolution, were filmed in Akron, and Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. This line-up of Devo lasted until 1976 when Jim left the band, Bob Lewis would sometimes play guitar during this period. In concert, Devo would often perform in the guise of characters, such as Booji Boy. Live concerts from this period were often confrontational, and would remain so until 1977, a recording of an early Devo performance from 1975 with the quartet line-up appears on DEVO Live, The Mongoloid Years, ending with the promoters unplugging Devos equipment. Following Jim Mothersbaughs departure, Bob Mothersbaugh found a new drummer, Alan Myers, Casale re-recruited his brother Bob Casale, and the line-up of Devo remained the same for nearly ten years. Devo gained some fame in 1976 when the short film The Truth About De-Evolution directed by Chuck Statler won a prize at the Ann Arbor Film Festival and this attracted the attention of David Bowie, who began work to get the band a recording contract with Warner Music Group. In 1977, Devo were asked by Neil Young to participate in the making of his film Human Highway, released in 1982, the film featured the band as Nuclear garbagemen. The band members were asked to write their own parts and Mark Mothersbaugh scored and recorded much of the soundtrack, his first of many. In March 1977, Devo released their first single Mongoloid b/w Jocko Homo and this was followed by a cover of the Rolling Stones Satisfaction
8.
My Chemical Romance
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My Chemical Romance was an American rock band from New Jersey, active from 2001 to 2013. The bands best-known lineup consisted of lead vocalist Gerard Way, guitarists Ray Toro and Frank Iero, bassist Mikey Way and drummer Bob Bryar. Founded by Gerard, Mikey, Toro, Matt Pelissier, and later joined by Iero and they signed with Reprise Records the next year and released their major label debut Three Cheers for Sweet Revenge in 2004. Shortly after the release, Pelissier was replaced by Bob Bryar. A commercial success, the album was awarded platinum status over a year later, after the bands split, a greatest hits album entitled May Death Never Stop You was released in March 2014. A tenth anniversary reissue of The Black Parade was released in September 2016 titled The Black Parade/Living with Ghosts, the band was formed by frontman Gerard Way and drummer Matt Pelissier soon after the September 11 attacks. Witnessing the World Trade Center towers fall influenced Ways life to the extent that he decided to start a band, the first recording sessions were undertaken in Pelissiers attic, where the songs Our Lady of Sorrows and Cubicles were recorded. The band refers to those sessions as The Attic Demos, after hearing the demo and dropping out of college, Mikey Way decided to join the band. While with Eyeball Records, the band met Frank Iero, the lead vocalist and guitarist for Pencey Prep, following Pencey Preps split in 2002, Iero became a member of My Chemical Romance, just days prior to the recording of the bands debut album. They recorded their album, I Brought You My Bullets, You Brought Me Your Love. The album was produced by Thursday frontman Geoff Rickley after the band became friends with him while playing shows in New Jersey, Iero played guitar on two of the tracks, one of which was Early Sunsets Over Monroeville. During this time, the band was booked at the venue, Big Daddys. My Chemical Romance offered free downloads through PureVolume and the social networking website MySpace, in 2003, the band signed a deal with Reprise Records. Following a tour with Avenged Sevenfold, the band working on their second album. Released in 2004, the album went platinum in just over a year, the band released four singles from the album, Im Not Okay, Thank You for the Venom, Helena, and The Ghost of You. After returning from a tour of Japan in July 2004, the band replaced Matt Pelissier with Bob Bryar. At the beginning of 2005, the band was featured on the first Taste of Chaos tour and they then co-headlined Warped Tour 2005 with Fall Out Boy and co-headlined a tour with Alkaline Trio and Reggie and the Full Effect around the US. In March 2006, the album Life on the Murder Scene was released, incorporating a CD and it included one documentary DVD chronicling the bands history, and a second DVD with music videos, the making of their videos and live performances
9.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
10.
Drummer
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The term percussionist applies to a musician who performs struck musical instruments of numerous diverse shapes, sizes and applications. Most contemporary western ensembles bands for rock, pop, jazz, most drummers of this particular designation work within the context of a larger contingent that may also include, keyboard or guitar, auxiliary percussion and bass. Said ensembles may also include melodic based mallet percussion including, vibraphone, the rhythm section, being the core metronomic foundation with which other melodic instruments, including voices, may present the harmonic/melodic portion of the material. In popular music, the function of the drummer is to keep time or provide a steady tempo. There are many tools that a drummer can use for either timekeeping or soloing and these include cymbals, snare, toms, auxiliary percussion and many others. Also there are single, double, and triple bass pedals for the bass drum, before motorized transport became widespread, drummers played a key role in military conflicts. Military drummers provided drum cadences that set a marching pace. In some armies drums also assisted in combat by keeping cadence for firing and loading drills with muzzle loading guns, military drummers were also employed on the parade field, when troops passed in review, and in various ceremonies including ominous drum rolls accompanying disciplinary punishments. Children also served as drummer boys well into the century, though less commonly than is popularly assumed, due to the nature of the job. In modern times, drummers are not employed in battle, typically buglers and drummers mass under a sergeant-drummer and during marches alternately perform with the regiment or battalion ensembles. Military-based musical percussion traditions were not limited exclusively to the western world, in the Ottoman Empire, the size of a military band reflected the rank of its commander in chief, the largest band was reserved for the Sultan. It included various percussion instruments, often adopted in European military music, the pitched bass drum is still known in some languages as the Turkish Drum. The drumline is a type of marching ensemble descended from drummers, and can be arranged as a performance of a drum. Their uniforms will often have a style and a fancy hat. In recent times, it is common to see drummers in parades wearing costumes with an African, Asian, Latin, Native American, or tribal look. Various indigenous cultures use the drum to create a sense of unity with others especially during recreational events, the drum also helps in prayers and meditations. List of drummers Drum beat Drum machine Drum tracks Pipe band This article incorporates text from a now in the public domain, Chisholm, Hugh
11.
Rob Halford
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Halford was voted number 33 in the greatest voices in rock by Planet Rock listeners in 2009. In addition to his work with Judas Priest, he has been involved with side projects, including Fight, 2wo. In 1998, he came out as gay in an interview with MTV news making him the first openly gay singer in heavy metal music. Halford was born in Sutton Coldfield, but raised in Walsall and his early influences included soul screamers, such as Little Richard, Janis Joplin and Robert Plant. He sang for numerous bands including Athens Wood, Abraxas, Thark, Halford was introduced to co-founding Judas Priest member Ian Hill by his sister who was dating Hill at the time. Halford, a cinema manager, joined the band as singer, bringing with him drummer John Hinch from his previous band. In August 1974, the band debuted with the single Rocka Rolla, the next albums were Sad Wings of Destiny, 1977s Sin After Sin, and 1978s Stained Class and Killing Machine. This point heralded the first style change when Halford shifted from gothic style robes to a leather,1979 brought their first live recording with the now classic Unleashed in the East. In 1980, the band released British Steel, the songs were shorter and more concisely structured, but retained the heavy metal feel. They released Point of Entry in 1981, featuring the song Heading Out to the Highway. The 1982 album Screaming for Vengeance had a song, Youve Got Another Thing Comin, which garnered strong US radio airplay, Turbo was released in April 1986, during the glam metal era. In May 1988, Ram It Down was released, with songs that were recorded during the Turbo sessions. In September 1990, the Painkiller album dropped the 1980s-style synthesizers for almost all of the songs, along with a change in musical style, the bands look changed as well. Halford emerged with all-new tattoos, including a bent Judas Priest cross on his arm and ring around his other. He also began shaving his head for the first time, claiming that his receding hairline was getting annoying to keep up with. During the tour for Painkiller in August 1991 at a show in Toronto, Halford rode onstage on a large Harley-Davidson motorcycle, dressed in motorcycle leathers and he collided with a half-raised drum riser and fell off the motorcycle, breaking his nose. After regaining consciousness, Halford returned and performed the whole concert, in the bands Behind the Music episode, Halford named the accident as one of the events that caused the rift between him and the rest of the band that would eventually force them apart. However, during an interview with Bernard Perusse of Montreals The Gazette, after spending nearly 20 years with Judas Priest, Halford announced to the band on 4 July 1991 that he was leaving, and he also sued their label, Sony, for restrictive practices
12.
Aller, Somerset
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Aller is a village and parish in Somerset, England, situated 5 miles west of Somerton on the A372 road towards Bridgwater in the South Somerset district. The village has a population of 410, the parish includes the hamlet of Beer and the deserted medieval village of Oath on the opposite bank of the River Parrett. Aller was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Alre, the parish of Aller was part of the hundred of Somerton. Most of the valuable meadows had been enclosed by 1577, the meadows remained open and Davis sold the manor to John Stawell of Cothelstone in 1623. Oath Lock marks the limit of the River Parrett. It is a Grade II* listed building, English Heritage has included it in the Heritage at Risk register. It was retrieved from the pond of the garden around 1870. A copy of the font was made by a stonemason in Corvallis, Oregon, in the 1880s, to memorialise the son of the rector of Aller, the copy of Allers historic font was in the Episcopalian Church of the Good Samaritan. Near to Aller are the Aller Hill and the Aller and Beer Woods biological Sites of Special Scientific Interest, one of the most festive occasions in Aller is its Bonfire Night, when many local residents turn out to witness the torching of a novel artistic creation. In 2006, a model of a steam train engine was set afire. Other years subjects have included a piano and the Houses of Parliament, a dragon – Allers mascot – was set afire in 2007. The 2008 bonfire chose a Batman theme, the village is home to two large mosaics by resident potter Bryan Newman. The first located on the side of the Village Hall, features the village mascot, the second, commissioned by the Village Council to front the central bus shelter, depicts historic characters who have figured in Allers past. The village falls within the Non-metropolitan district of South Somerset, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, the village falls within the South West England constituency of the European Parliament. Aller was the birthplace of the philosopher Ralph Cudworth in 1617 and it is currently the home of Britains Second Sea Lord 1993–94, the sponsor of the HMS Somerset and two retired bishops of the Church of England. Victoria County History, Somerset, vol.3,1974, pp. 61–71, Aller Media related to Aller, Somerset at Wikimedia Commons St Andrews Church website Aller in the Domesday Book
