1.
Peter Segal
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Not to be confused with NPR personality Peter Sagal Peter Segal is an American film director, producer, screenwriter and actor. Segal has directed the comedy films Tommy Boy, My Fellow Americans, The Nutty Professor II, The Klumps, Anger Management,50 First Dates, The Longest Yard, Get Smart, Grudge Match. Segal grew up in New York City, where his father was head of publicity at MGM, in the 1970s, Segal and his family moved to Los Angeles. Segal attended the University of Southern California, where he majored in Broadcast Journalism. Segal graduated from the USC School of Cinema and Television, Segal began his career writing and directing television, earning eight Emmy Awards. In 2002, he created the NBC sitcom Hidden Hills, in 1995, he formed his production company, Callahan Filmworks, along with long-time producing partner Michael Ewing. Segal made his film directorial debut in 1994 with Naked Gun 33 1/3, The Final Insult, starring Leslie Nielsen. Segal went on to direct Chris Farley in his most memorable film, the film also stars David Spade, and it is considered a now-iconic cult classic. Segal directed the comedy film My Fellow Americans, starring Jack Lemmon, James Garner, Segal directed the comedy Nutty Professor II, The Klumps, starring Eddie Murphy. Segal directed with Adam Sandler for the first time in Anger Management, when asked by the BBC who was the most famous person in his contacts book, Segal replied, I have to say, its very obvious now, its Jack Nicholson. Ive kept his number on my speed dial just so I can show it to friends, I could call him up out of the blue, but Im worried he might say Pete who. Segal collaborated with Sandler again in 50 First Dates, which also starred Drew Barrymore, Segal collaborated with Sandler for the third time in The Longest Yard, a remake of the 1974 film of the same name. The film has become the second highest grossing sports comedy in history, after directing three of Sandlers films, Segals next film became Get Smart. It is an adaptation of the 60s television series of the name that was created by Mel Brooks. Segal stated in an interview with AMC that he loved the show so much as a kid, the film starred Steve Carell, Anne Hathaway, Dwayne Johnson, Alan Arkin and Terence Stamp. Segals most recent film project was Grudge Match, which starred Robert De Niro, Sylvester Stallone, Kevin Hart, Alan Arkin, Kim Basinger and it was reported in November 2014 that Segal will be directing Goblins for Disney. When asked by the BBC if he believed in God, Segal replied, Im very spiritual and Im Jewish by faith. Im not a practising Jew, Im more of a recreational Jew
2.
Berkeley Heights, New Jersey
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Berkeley Heights is a township in Union County, New Jersey, United States. New Providence Township became part of the newly formed Union County at its creation on March 19,1857, portions of the township were taken on March 23,1869, to create Summit, and on March 14,1899, to form the borough of New Providence. On November 6,1951, the name of the township was changed to Berkeley Heights, the township was named for John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, one of the founders of the Province of New Jersey. In Money magazines 2013 Best Places to Live rankings, Berkeley Heights was ranked 6th in the nation, the magazines 2007 list had the township ranked 45th out of a potential 2,800 places in the United States with populations above 7,500 and under 50,000. In its 2010 rankings of the Best Places to Live, New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Berkeley Heights as the 19th best place to live in New Jersey. In its 2008 rankings of the Best Places To Live New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Berkeley Heights as the 59th best place to live in New Jersey. The earliest construction in Berkeley Heights began in an area that is now part of the 1,960 acres Watchung Reservation, the first European settler was Peter Willcox, who received a 424 acres land grant in 1720 from the Elizabethtown Associates. This group bought much of northern New Jersey from the Lenape in the late 17th century, Willcox built a grist and lumber mill across Green Brook. In 1793, a government was formed. It encompassed the area from present-day Springfield Township, Summit, New Providence, and Berkeley Heights, growth continued in the area, and by 1809, Springfield Township divided into Springfield Township and New Providence Township, which included present day Summit, New Providence, and Berkeley Heights. In 1845, Willcoxs heirs sold the mill to David Felt, Felt built a small village around the mill aptly named Feltville. It included homes for workers and their families, dormitories, orchards, a post office, in 1860, Feltville was sold to sarsaparilla makers. Other manufacturing operations continued until Feltville went into bankruptcy in 1882, when residents moved away, the area became known as Deserted Village. Village remains consist of seven houses, a store, the mill, Deserted Village is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is undergoing restoration by the Union County Parks Department. Restoration grants of almost $2 million were received from state agencies. Deserted Village, in the Watchung Reservation, is open daily for unguided walking tours during daylight hours, on March 23,1869, Summit Township seceded from New Providence Township. On March 14,1899, the Borough of New Providence seceded from New Providence Township, present day Berkeley Heights remained as New Providence Township. Among the exhibits are a Victorian master bedroom and a Victorian childrens room, the childrens room also has reproductions of antique toys, which visitors can play with
3.
Playwright
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A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes plays. The term is not a variant spelling of playwrite, but something quite distinct, hence the prefix and the suffix combine to indicate someone who has wrought words, themes, and other elements into a dramatic form - someone who crafts plays. The homophone with write is in this case entirely coincidental, the term playwright appears to have been coined by Ben Jonson in his Epigram 49, To Playwright, as an insult, to suggest a mere tradesman fashioning works for the theatre. Jonson described himself as a poet, not a playwright, since plays during that time were written in meter and this view was held as late as the early 19th century. The term playwright later lost this negative connotation, the earliest playwrights in Western literature with surviving works are the Ancient Greeks. These early plays were written for annual Athenian competitions among playwrights held around the 5th century BC, such notables as Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes established forms still relied on by their modern counterparts. For the ancient Greeks, playwriting involved poïesis, the act of making and this is the source of the English word poet. In the 4th century BCE, Aristotle wrote his Poetics, the first play-writing manual, in this famous text, Aristotle established the principle of action or praxis as the basis for all drama. He then included a hierarchy of elements for the beginning with plot, character, thought, diction, music. The ends of drama were plot, character, and thought, the means of drama were language and music, since the myths, upon which Greek tragedy were based, were widely known, plot had to do with the arrangement and selection of existing material. Character was equated with choice as rather than psychology, so that character was determined by action, in tragedy, the notion of ethical choice determined the character of the individual. Thought had more to do and the imitation of an action that is serious, thus, he developed his notion of hamartia, or tragic flaw, an error in judgment by the main character or protagonist. It provides the basis for the play, a term still held as the sine qua non of dramaturgy. The Poetics, while very brief and highly condensed, is studied today. Perhaps the most Aristotelian of contemporary playwrights is David Mamet, who embraces the idea of character as agent of the action, and emphasizes causality in the structure of his plays. His recently revived, Speed-the-Plow, is quintessentially Aristotelian, in that it observes the unities and builds its plot through a causal stream of discoveries and reversals. The Italian Renaissance brought about a stricter interpretation of Aristotle, as this long-lost work came to light in the late 15th century. The neoclassical ideal, which was to reach its apogee in France during the 17th century, dwelled upon the unities, of action, place, and time
4.
Screenwriter
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One famous screenwriter is Jack Rosenthal, who has written for various TV shows over the years, including Londons Burning and Coronation Street. No education is required to become a screenwriter, just good storytelling abilities. Screenwriters are not hired employees, they are contracted freelancers, most, if not all, screenwriters start their careers writing on speculation, meaning they write without being hired or paid for it. If such a script is sold, it is called a spec script, what separates a professional screenwriter from an amateur screenwriter is that professional screenwriters are usually represented by a talent agency. Also, professional screenwriters do not often work for free, whereas amateur screenwriters will often work for free and are considered writers in training, spec scripts are usually penned by unknown professional screenwriters and amateur screenwriters. There are a legion of would-be screenwriters who attempt to enter the industry but it often takes years of trial-and-error, failure. In Writing Screenplays that Sell, Michael Hague writes Screenplays have become, for the last half of century, closet writers who used to dream of the glory of getting into print now dream of seeing their story on the big or small screen. Every screenplay and teleplay begins with a thought or idea, and screenwriters use those ideas to write scripts, with the intention of selling them and having them produced. In some cases, the script is based on a property, such as a book or persons life story. The majority of the time, a film project gets initiated by a screenwriter and because they initiated the project and these are referred to as exclusive assignments or pitched assignments. Screenwriters who often pitch new projects, whether original or an adaptation, when word is put out about a project a film studio, production company, or producer wants done, these are referred to as open assignments. In situations where screenwriters are competing for an assignment, more established writers will usually win these assignments. A screenwriter can also be approached and personally offered a writing assignment, many screenwriters also work as full or part-time script doctors, attempting to better a script to suit the desires of a director or studio. For instance, studio management may have a complaint that the motivations of the characters are unclear or that the dialogue is weak, script-doctoring can be quite lucrative, especially for the better known writers. David Mamet and John Sayles, for instance, fund the movies they direct themselves, usually from their own screenplays, by writing and doctoring scripts for others. In fact, some writers make very profitable careers out of being the ninth or tenth writer to work on a piece, in many cases, working on projects that never see exposure to an audience of any size. Many up and coming screenwriters also ghost write projects and allow more established screenwriters to take credit for the project to increase the chances of it getting picked up. After a screenwriter finishes a project, he or she pairs with a representative, such as a producer, director, literary agent, entertainment lawyer
5.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
6.
Journalist
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A journalist is a person who collects, writes, or distributes news or other current information. A journalists work is called journalism, a journalist can work with general issues or specialize in certain issues. However, most journalists tend to specialize, and by cooperating with other journalists, for example, a sports journalist covers news within the world of sports, but this journalist may be a part of a newspaper that covers many different topics. A reporter is a type of journalist who researches, writes, and reports on information in order to present in sources, conduct interviews, engage in research, and make reports. The information-gathering part of a job is sometimes called reporting. Reporters may split their time working in a newsroom and going out to witness events or interviewing people. Reporters may be assigned a beat or area of coverage. Depending on the context, the term journalist may include various types of editors, editorial writers, columnists, Journalism has developed a variety of ethics and standards. While objectivity and a lack of bias are of concern and importance, more liberal types of journalism, such as advocacy journalism and activism. This has become prevalent with the advent of social media and blogs, as well as other platforms that are used to manipulate or sway social and political opinions. These platforms often project extreme bias, as sources are not always held accountable or considered necessary in order to produce a written, nor did they often directly experience most social problems, or have direct access to expert insights. These limitations were made worse by a media that tended to over-simplify issues and to reinforce stereotypes, partisan viewpoints. As a consequence, Lippmann believed that the public needed journalists like himself who could serve as analysts, guiding “citizens to a deeper understanding of what was really important. ”Journalists sometimes expose themselves to danger. Organizations such as the Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders publish reports on press freedom, as of November 2011, the Committee to Protect Journalists reports that 887 journalists have been killed worldwide since 1992 by murder, crossfire or combat, or on dangerous assignment. The ten deadliest countries for journalists since 1992 have been Iraq, Philippines, Russia, Colombia, Mexico, Algeria, Pakistan, India, Somalia, Brazil and Sri Lanka. The Committee to Protect Journalists also reports that as of December 1st 2010,145 journalists were jailed worldwide for journalistic activities. The ten countries with the largest number of currently-imprisoned journalists are Turkey, China, Iran, Eritrea, Burma, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Cuba, Ethiopia, apart from the physical harm, journalists are harmed psychologically. This applies especially to war reporters, but their offices at home often do not know how to deal appropriately with the reporters they expose to danger
7.
National Public Radio
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NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs that are produced and its content is also available on-demand via the web, mobile, and podcasts. The organizations legal name is National Public Radio and its brand is NPR. Is NPR has been used by its hosts for many years. However, National Public Radio remains the name of the group. National Public Radio replaced the National Educational Radio Network on February 26,1970 and this act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which created the Public Broadcasting Service in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a Board of Directors chaired by Bernard Mayes, the board then hired Donald Quayle to be the first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member stations, and studios in Washington, D. C. NPR aired its first broadcast in April 1971, covering United States Senate hearings on the Vietnam War, a month later, the afternoon drive-time newscast All Things Considered began, on May 3,1971, first hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations, NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly US$7 million. After a congressional investigation and the resignation of NPRs president, Frank Mankiewicz, NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture, making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off the debt, delano Lewis, the president of C&P Telephone, left that position to become NPRs CEO and president in January 1994. In November 1998, NPRs board of directors hired Kevin Klose, NPR spent nearly $13 million to acquire and equip a West Coast 25, 000-square-foot production facility, NPR West, which opened in Culver City, Los Angeles County, California, in November 2002. C. In November 2003, NPR received US$235 million from the estate of the late Joan B, Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonalds Corporation. This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution, in 2004 NPRs budget increased by over 50% to US$153 million due to the Kroc gift. US$34 million of the money was deposited in its endowment, the endowment fund before the gift totaled $35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff, the 2005 budget was about US$120 million. In August 2005, NPR entered podcasting with a directory of over 170 programs created by NPR, by November of that year, users downloaded NPR and other public radio podcasts 5 million times
8.
Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!
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Dont Tell Me. is an hour-long weekly radio news panel game show produced by Chicago Public Radio and National Public Radio. It is distributed by NPR in the United States, internationally on NPR Worldwide and on the Internet via podcast, the show averages about 6 million weekly listeners on air and via podcast. Dont Tell Me. is recorded in front of an audience in Chicago at the Chase Auditorium beneath the Chase Tower on Thursday nights. Until May 2005, the show was recorded in one of Chicago Public Radios studios, with no audience, the show also often travels to various cities in the United States and produces a road show in front of a live audience for promotional and station-related purposes. The show is hosted by playwright and actor Peter Sagal, when the program had its debut in January 1998, Dan Coffey of Ask Dr. Science was the original host, but a revamping of the show led to his replacement in May of that year. Carl Kasell, who served as the newsreader on Morning Edition, was the shows official judge. In addition to Kurtis, Korva Coleman, Corey Flintoff, and Jean Cochran, each week, a panel of three humorists, journalists or comedians are chosen to participate in the program. Listeners also participate by telephoning or sending e-mails to nominate themselves as contestants, the producers select several listeners for each show and call them to appear on the program, playing various games featuring questions based on the weeks news. Dont Tell Me. feature the following games, occasionally introducing variations and one-time games, until Kasells retirement, the contestant must identify the speaker or explain the context of three quotations from that weeks major news stories as read by Bill Kurtis. Each answer is followed by a discussion of the story by Sagal. Two correct answers constitute a win, Peter Sagal asks the panelists questions regarding less-serious stories in the weeks news, awarding them one point for each correct answer. The answer is followed by a discussion of the story. In Bluff the Listener, a contestant hears three unusual stories based on a theme, with each panelist reading one story. Two of the stories are fictitious, while the third describes a genuine news story, the listener must determine which story is true and not a product of the panelists imaginations, and earns the prize if they guess correctly. The panelist who read the story the listener picks as true is awarded a point, a sound bite from the true story is played to reveal the answer. For a full list of Not My Job participants, see List of Wait Wait, Dont Tell Me. guests In the Not My Job segment, a celebrity guest calls in to be interviewed by Sagal and the panelists as well as take a three-question multiple-choice quiz. In Wait Waits early years, Not My Job guests were mainly culled from NPRs roster of personalities and reporters, as the segments title suggests, the guests are quizzed on topics that are not normally associated with their field of work. Two correct answers from the guest constitute a win, with the going to a randomly selected listener who contacted the show but was not chosen as an on-air contestant
9.
PBS
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The Public Broadcasting Service is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor. PBS is funded by member dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, government agencies, corporations, foundations. All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source, since the mid-2000s, Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion and it also operates National Datacast, a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations, and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations. In 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations, each station is charged with the responsibility of programming local content for their individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS and other public television distributors. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts, scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, however, PBS has a policy of common carriage, which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011. Most PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs, once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers retain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, in 1991, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting resumed production for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week. In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable, the strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful. In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to allow viewing of videos on mobile devices. An update in 2015 added Chromecast support, PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, in the speech, later described as a “seminal moment” for public television, he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called “PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility. ”The studio’s first hit, in 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule. PBS broadcasts childrens programming as part of the morning and afternoon schedule. Unlike its radio counterpart, National Public Radio, PBS does not have a program production arm or news division
10.
Boston Marathon
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The Boston Marathon is an annual marathon hosted by several cities in greater Boston in eastern Massachusetts, United States. It is always held on Patriots Day, the third Monday of April and it is one of six World Marathon Majors, and is one of four major events held in the United States through the years of both World Wars. Since 1897, the Boston Athletic Association has managed this event, amateur and professional runners from all over the world compete in the Boston Marathon each year, braving the hilly Massachusetts terrain and varying weather to take part in the race. The event attracts 500,000 spectators each year, making it New Englands most widely viewed sporting event. Though starting with 18 participants in 1897, the event now attracts an average of about 30,000 registered participants each year, with 30,251 people entering in 2015. The Centennial Boston Marathon in 1996 established a record as the worlds largest marathon with 38,708 entrants,36,748 starters, the Boston Marathon was first run in April 1897, inspired by the revival of the marathon for the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. It is the oldest continuously running marathon, and the second longest continuously running footrace in North America, on April 19,1897, ten years after the establishment of the B. A. A. The association held the 24.5 miles marathon to conclude its athletic competition, the inaugural winner was John J. JJ McDermott, who ran the 24.5 mile course in 2,55,10, leading a field of 15. The event was scheduled for the recently established holiday of Patriots Day, the race, which became known as the Boston Marathon, has been held every year since then, even during the World War years, making it the worlds oldest annual marathon. The Boston Marathon was originally an event, but its fame. For most of its history, the Boston Marathon was an event. However, corporate-sponsored cash prizes began to be awarded in the 1980s, the first cash prize for winning the marathon was awarded in 1986. Walter A. Brown was the President of the Boston Athletic Association from 1941 to 1964, in 1951, during the height of the Korean War, Brown denied Koreans entry into the Boston Marathon. He stated, While American soldiers are fighting and dying in Korea, as long as the war continues there, we positively will not accept Korean entries for our race on April 19. Women were not allowed to enter the Boston Marathon officially until 1972, roberta Bobbi Gibb is recognized by the race organizers as the first woman to run the entire Boston Marathon. In 1967, Kathrine Switzer, who had registered as K. V. Switzer, was the first woman to run and she finished despite a famous incident in which race official Jock Semple tried to rip off her numbers and eject her from the race. Retroactively recognized as champions the unofficial leaders of 1966 through 1971. In 2015, about 46 percent of the entrants were female, in 1980, unknown amateur runner Rosie Ruiz crossed the line first in the womens race
11.
Chicago Marathon
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The Chicago Marathon is a major marathon held yearly in Chicago, Illinois, United States. Alongside the Boston, New York, London, Berlin, and Tokyo Marathons, thus, it is also an IAAF Gold Label race. The Chicago Marathon is the fourth-largest race by number of finishers worldwide, the October 9,2016 running was the 39th anniversary of the race. The first race was held on September 25,1977 under the name the Mayor Daley Marathon. The race has been every year since, except in 1987 when only a half-marathon was run. It is among the fastest growing marathon road races in the world, due in part to its largely fast and flat course which facilitates the pursuit of personal records and world record performances. The race has achieved its status among marathons by developing relationship with sponsors who provide prize money to lure elite runners who have produced American. Since 2008 the race has been sponsored by Bank of America, the race is limited to 45,000 runners and only runners who finish within 6½ hours are officially timed. Those wishing to participate can register after either meeting a time qualifying standard or being selected through a general lottery, although the race has limited registration, exceptions include elite runners and charity representatives. Increasingly, local, national and global charities and humanitarian organizations encourage sponsored participation in the event as a means of fund raising. The first marathon at the 1896 Games of the I Olympiad generated interest in the sport led to similar races throughout most western countries. While marathons sporadically occurred in New York City and St. Louis, beginning in 1905, the Chicago Marathon was held annually, with significant community and spectator support, until the early 1920s. The First Chicago Marathon was run on September 23,1905 and that first race began in Evanston and finished in front of a standing-room-only paying crowd at Washington Park race track. In a stunning upset, a reported 100,000 or more spectators watched Rhud Metzner come from behind to steal a victory from the favored Louis Marks. With that first race, the Chicago Marathon began a run of epic races that continued until the early 1920s on a revised course that largely resembles todays marathon route. It was not until the health consciousness of the 1960s that marathon growth gained traction in the eyes of the nation, frank Shorters 1972 Games of the XX Olympiad marathon victory represented the convergence of many middle-class American ideals. Then the 1976 New York City Marathon, which was the first New York City Marathon to embrace the five borough course, as the New York marathon began to grow exponentially in the 1970s, the Chicago Marathon was established as a rival to the New York City Marathon. By the mid-1980s, the Chicago Marathon was ensconced as one of the big four marathons, during the mid-1980s, it was named Americas Marathon/Chicago and opened up the way for appearance payments
12.
Boston Marathon bombing
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On April 18 the Federal Bureau of Investigation released images of two suspects, who were almost immediately identified as Chechen-American brothers Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and Tamerlan Tsarnaev. Tamerlan Tsarnaev was shot several times, and his brother ran him over while escaping in the stolen car, around 6,00 p. m. a Watertown resident discovered Dzhokhar hiding in a boat in his backyard. He was shot by police while still in the boat and then arrested and he said they learned to build explosive devices from an online magazine of the al-Qaeda affiliate in Yemen. He also said they had intended to travel to New York City to bomb Times Square, on April 8,2015 he was convicted of thirty charges, including use of a weapon of mass destruction and malicious destruction of property resulting in death. The following month he was sentenced to death, the 117th annual Boston Marathon was run on Patriots Day, April 15,2013. At 2,49 p. m. EDT, two bombs detonated about 210 yards apart at the line on Boylston Street near Copley Square. The first exploded outside Marathon Sports at 671–673 Boylston Street at 2,49,43 p. m. At the time of the first explosion, the clock at the finish line showed 04,09,43. The second bomb exploded at 2,49,57 p. m. about 13 seconds later, the explosions took place nearly three hours after the winner crossed the finish line, but with more than 5,700 runners yet to finish. The blasts blew out windows on adjacent buildings but did not cause any structural damage, runners continued to cross the line until 2,57 p. m.8 minutes after the explosions. The explosions killed 3 civilians and injured an estimated 264 others, at least 14 people required amputations, with some suffering traumatic amputations as a direct result of the blasts. Police, following plans, diverted arriving runners to Boston Common. The nearby Lenox Hotel and other buildings were evacuated, Police closed a 15-block area around the blast site, this was reduced to a 12-block crime scene on April 16. Boston police commissioner Edward F. Davis recommended that people stay off the streets, many people dropped bags and packages as they fled, increasing uncertainty as to the possible presence of more bombs. There were false reports of more bombs, an unrelated electrical fire at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library in nearby Dorchester was initially feared to be a bomb. The airspace over Boston was restricted, and departures halted from Bostons Logan International Airport, some local transit service was halted as well. The Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency suggested people trying to contact those in the vicinity use text messaging instead of voice calls because of crowded cellphone lines. Cellphone service in Boston was congested but remained in operation, despite local media reports stating that cell service was shut down to prevent cell phones from being used as detonators
13.
Governor Livingston High School
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The school has been accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Secondary Schools since 1965. As of the 2014-15 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,045 students and 90.0 classroom teachers, there were 15 students eligible for free lunch and 4 eligible for reduced-cost lunch. Of the members of the 2012 graduating class, 87% planned to attend four-year colleges, the school was built in 1960 adjacent to an active Nike Missile Control Station in the Murray Hill section of Berkeley Heights. The high schools namesake is William Livingston, the first Governor of New Jersey, the Royal Stewart tartan of the Stewart Clan is a symbol of the school and the tartans red and blue colors are the high schools colors. In its 2013 report on Americas Best High Schools, The Daily Beast ranked the school 416th in the nation among participating public high schools and 35th among schools in New Jersey. In the 2011 Ranking Americas High Schools issue by The Washington Post, in Newsweeks 2007 rankings of the countrys top 1,200 high schools, Governor Livingston High School was listed in 776th place, the 17th-highest ranked school in New Jersey. With the rankings calculated by Jay Mathews shifted to The Washington Post in 2011, the school had also been ranked 36th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 24th in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 15th in 2008 out of 316 schools, the school was ranked 21st in the magazines September 2006 issue, which included 316 schools across the state. Union County Regional School District No, at that time, all students residing in the district attended Jonathan Dayton High School in Springfield. As the district began to grow, additional schools were built, the regional districts superintendent at the time was Dr. Warren Davis and Frederick Aho was the first principal of the high school. William Livingston, for whom the school is named, was of Scottish Highland descent, in 1960, the yearbook adopted the name Claymore, which has continued to the present day. Project Graduation, held the night of graduation and run entirely by volunteers, debuted in 1989, Governor Livingstons academic program has been very highly rated, with the high school finishing in the top 40 secondary schools in New Jersey in a recent survey. The school offers a variety of classes including Advanced Placement courses for college credit. The school has offers a variety of courses. There is a requirement, in which a student must take at least two years of a non-English language. It is highly recommended to take four years of a single language, languages Offered, Spanish, French, Italian, Latin, and American Sign Language. Governor Livingston has an extensive Deaf and Hard of Hearing program for students around Union County, the schools American Sign Language and Junior National Association for the Deaf clubs promote the cultural aspects of deafness that support a strong deaf peer group. This program offers the services to students who are deaf and hard of hearing, • Self-contained, resource center
14.
Harvard University
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Although never formally affiliated with any denomination, the early College primarily trained Congregationalist and Unitarian clergy. Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century, james Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II and began to reform the curriculum and liberalize admissions after the war. The undergraduate college became coeducational after its 1977 merger with Radcliffe College, Harvards $34.5 billion financial endowment is the largest of any academic institution. Harvard is a large, highly residential research university, the nominal cost of attendance is high, but the Universitys large endowment allows it to offer generous financial aid packages. Harvards alumni include eight U. S. presidents, several heads of state,62 living billionaires,359 Rhodes Scholars. To date, some 130 Nobel laureates,18 Fields Medalists, Harvard was formed in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. In 1638, it obtained British North Americas first known printing press, in 1639 it was named Harvard College after deceased clergyman John Harvard an alumnus of the University of Cambridge who had left the school £779 and his scholars library of some 400 volumes. The charter creating the Harvard Corporation was granted in 1650 and it offered a classic curriculum on the English university model—many leaders in the colony had attended the University of Cambridge—but conformed to the tenets of Puritanism. It was never affiliated with any denomination, but many of its earliest graduates went on to become clergymen in Congregational. The leading Boston divine Increase Mather served as president from 1685 to 1701, in 1708, John Leverett became the first president who was not also a clergyman, which marked a turning of the college toward intellectual independence from Puritanism. When the Hollis Professor of Divinity David Tappan died in 1803 and the president of Harvard Joseph Willard died a year later, in 1804, in 1846, the natural history lectures of Louis Agassiz were acclaimed both in New York and on the campus at Harvard College. Agassizs approach was distinctly idealist and posited Americans participation in the Divine Nature, agassizs perspective on science combined observation with intuition and the assumption that a person can grasp the divine plan in all phenomena. When it came to explaining life-forms, Agassiz resorted to matters of shape based on an archetype for his evidence. Charles W. Eliot, president 1869–1909, eliminated the position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction. While Eliot was the most crucial figure in the secularization of American higher education, he was motivated not by a desire to secularize education, during the 20th century, Harvards international reputation grew as a burgeoning endowment and prominent professors expanded the universitys scope. Rapid enrollment growth continued as new schools were begun and the undergraduate College expanded. Radcliffe College, established in 1879 as sister school of Harvard College, Harvard became a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. In the early 20th century, the student body was predominately old-stock, high-status Protestants, especially Episcopalians, Congregationalists, by the 1970s it was much more diversified
15.
Hasty Pudding Club
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The Hasty Pudding Institute of 1770 is a social club for Harvard students. The Hasty Pudding Club was originally established to bring together undergraduates in friendship, conversation, the society was founded on September 1,1795, by Horace Binney, who was then 15, by calling together a meeting of 21 juniors in the room of Nymphas Hatch. The club is named for the traditional American dish that the founding members ate at their first meeting, each week two members in alphabetical order had to provide a pot of hasty pudding for the Club to enjoy. It is the oldest collegiate social club in America, originally, the Club engaged in holding mock trials, which became more elaborate throughout time. This culminated in a member, Lemuel Hayward, secretly planning to stage a musical on the night he was to host the Clubs meeting, on December 13,1844, Hayward and other members staged Bombastes Furioso in Hollis 11, which began the Hasty Pudding Theatricals. Throughout its history, the Hasty Pudding Club absorbed many others, such as the DKE, in 1925, the Hasty Pudding Club absorbed the Institute of 1770, which was a similar social club. The Institute name is now part of the official title. The Pudding is currently the only club on campus that is coed and has members from all four years. Membership to the club is gained through a series of lunches, cocktail parties, and other gatherings. The Pudding holds its activities in a clubhouse near Harvard Square. These include weekly Members Nights, dinner and cocktail parties, as well as its elaborate theme parties, such as Leather, the current clubhouse contains multiple rooms with specific purposes. Among these rooms is The Arena, which is a room with no windows or openings to the outside world, the Arena is designated as the clubs game room. The club counts five U. S. Presidents among its noteworthy members, conan OBrien has great disdain for the Hasty Pudding Club. National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambridge, Massachusetts Official website
16.
The Harvard Crimson
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The Harvard Crimson, the daily student newspaper of Harvard University, was founded in 1873. It is the daily newspaper in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and is run entirely by Harvard College undergraduates. Any student who volunteers and completes a series of known as the comp is elected an editor of the newspaper. Thus, all members of The Crimson—including writers, business staff, photographers. Editorial and financial decisions rest in a board of executives, collectively called a guard and this process is referred to as the turkey shoot or the shoot. The unsigned opinions of The Crimson Staff are decided at tri-weekly meetings that are open to any Crimson editor, the Crimson is almost the only college newspaper in the U. S. that owns its own printing presses. At the beginning of 2004 The Crimson began publishing with a front and back page. The Crimson also prints over fifteen other publications on its presses, the Crimson has a rivalry with the Harvard Lampoon, which it refers to in print as a semi-secret Sorrento Square social organization that used to occasionally publish a so-called humor magazine. The two organizations occupy buildings within less than one block of each other, interaction between their staff has included pranks, vandalism, and even romance, Crimson alumni include Presidents John F. Kennedy of the Class of 1940 and Franklin D. Roosevelt, Class of 1904. Currently, The Crimson publishes two weekly pullout sections in addition to its daily paper, an Arts section on Tuesdays. The Crimson is a organization that is independent of the university. All decisions on the content and day-to-day operations of the newspaper are made by undergraduates. The student leaders of the newspaper employ several non-student staff, many of whom have stayed on for years and have come to be thought of as family members by the students who run the paper. The Crimson is composed of 10 boards, Arts, Business, News, Sports, Editorial, Blog, Design, Fifteen Minutes, Multimedia, and Technology. The Yale Daily News, published daily since its 1878 founding except for breaks during World War I and II, the Columbia Daily Spectator, founded in 1877, claims to be the second-oldest college daily. The Brown Daily Herald, established in 1866 and daily since 1891, claims to be the second-oldest college newspaper, the Cornell Daily Sun, launched in 1880, claims to be the oldest independent college newspaper. The Crimson traces its origin to the first issue of The Magenta, published January 24,1873, the Magentas editors declined Dean Burneys advice and moved forward with a biweekly paper, a thin layer of editorial content surrounded by an even thinner wrapper of advertising. Never has been, the color of Harvard
17.
Supreme Court of the United States
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The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court of the United States. In the legal system of the United States, the Supreme Court is the interpreter of federal constitutional law. The Court normally consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight justices who are nominated by the President. Once appointed, justices have life tenure unless they resign, retire, in modern discourse, the justices are often categorized as having conservative, moderate, or liberal philosophies of law and of judicial interpretation. Each justice has one vote, and while many cases are decided unanimously, the Court meets in the United States Supreme Court Building in Washington, D. C. The Supreme Court is sometimes referred to as SCOTUS, in analogy to other acronyms such as POTUS. The ratification of the United States Constitution established the Supreme Court in 1789 and its powers are detailed in Article Three of the Constitution. The Supreme Court is the court specifically established by the Constitution. The Court first convened on February 2,1790, by which five of its six initial positions had been filled. According to historian Fergus Bordewich, in its first session, he Supreme Court convened for the first time at the Royal Exchange Building on Broad Street and they had no cases to consider. After a week of inactivity, they adjourned until September, the sixth member was not confirmed until May 12,1790. Because the full Court had only six members, every decision that it made by a majority was made by two-thirds. However, Congress has always allowed less than the Courts full membership to make decisions, under Chief Justices Jay, Rutledge, and Ellsworth, the Court heard few cases, its first decision was West v. Barnes, a case involving a procedural issue. The Courts power and prestige grew substantially during the Marshall Court, the Marshall Court also ended the practice of each justice issuing his opinion seriatim, a remnant of British tradition, and instead issuing a single majority opinion. Also during Marshalls tenure, although beyond the Courts control, the impeachment, the Taney Court made several important rulings, such as Sheldon v. Nevertheless, it is primarily remembered for its ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford, which helped precipitate the Civil War. In the Reconstruction era, the Chase, Waite, and Fuller Courts interpreted the new Civil War amendments to the Constitution, during World War II, the Court continued to favor government power, upholding the internment of Japanese citizens and the mandatory pledge of allegiance. Nevertheless, Gobitis was soon repudiated, and the Steel Seizure Case restricted the pro-government trend, the Warren Court dramatically expanded the force of Constitutional civil liberties. It held that segregation in public schools violates equal protection and that traditional legislative district boundaries violated the right to vote
18.
The Wall Street Journal
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The Wall Street Journal is an American business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City. The Journal, along with its Asian and European editions, is published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, the newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online. The Wall Street Journal is the largest newspaper in the United States by circulation, according to the Alliance for Audited Media, the Journal had a circulation of about 2.4 million copies as of March 2013, compared with USA Todays 1.7 million. The newspaper has won 39 Pulitzer Prizes through 2015 and derives its name from Wall Street in the heart of the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. The Journal has been printed continuously since its inception on July 8,1889, by Charles Dow, Edward Jones, the Journal also publishes the luxury news and lifestyle magazine WSJ. They were later aggregated in a daily summary called the Customers Afternoon Letter. In 1896, The Dow Jones Industrial Average was officially launched and it was the first of several indices of stock and bond prices on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1899, the Journals Review & Outlook column, which still today, appeared for the first time. Journalist Clarence Barron purchased control of the company for US$130,000 in 1902, circulation was then around 7,000, Barron and his predecessors were credited with creating an atmosphere of fearless, independent financial reporting—a novelty in the early days of business journalism. In 1921, Barrons, Americas premier financial weekly, was founded, Barron died in 1928, a year before Black Tuesday, the stock market crash that greatly affected the Great Depression in the United States. Barrons descendants, the Bancroft family, would continue to control the company until 2007, the Journal took its modern shape and prominence in the 1940s, a time of industrial expansion for the United States and its financial institutions in New York. Bernard Kilgore was named managing editor of the paper in 1941, under Kilgore, in 1947, that the paper won its first Pulitzer Prize, for William Henry Grimess editorials. In 1970, Dow Jones bought the Ottaway newspaper chain, which at the time comprised nine dailies, later, the name was changed to Dow Jones Local Media Group. In 2007 News Corp. acquired Dow Jones, a luxury lifestyle magazine, was launched in 2008. A complement to the print newspaper, The Wall Street Journal Online, was launched in 1996, in 2003, Dow Jones began to integrate reporting of the Journals print and online subscribers together in Audit Bureau of Circulations statements. In 2007, it was believed to be the largest paid-subscription news site on the Web. Since then, online subscribership has fallen, due in part to rising subscription costs, in May 2008, an annual subscription to the online edition of The Wall Street Journal cost $119 for those who do not have subscriptions to the print edition. By June 2013, the monthly cost for a subscription to the edition was $22.99, or $275.88 annually
19.
Cycle (magazine)
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Cycle was an American motorcycling enthusiast magazine, published from the early 1950s through the early 1990s. Cycle was founded by Robert E. Petersen of Trend Inc. and Petersen Publishing, Petersen sold Cycle to Floyd Clymer in July 1953. Floyd Clymer, a pioneer in the sport of motorcycling, was a racer, a dealer and distributor, a magazine publisher, a racing promoter, an author. He was inducted into the Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 1998, in an anniversary issue of Cycle, his editorial approach was summed up as, Clymer never met a motorcycle he didnt like. Clymer owned Cycle until 1966, when he sold the publication to the New York-based publishing company Ziff-Davis Publications, CBS, which also owned Cycles main competitor, Cycle World, purchased Cycle in 1985, Diamandis Communications owned both magazines for a short time in 1988. In April of that both were sold to Hachette Filipacchi Media U. S. The company folded the magazine to focus on its another magazine, April 1950 –July 1953, Robert E. S. During the Ziff-Davis years, Cycle was known for integrity, technical expertise. Editors-in-chief were Gordon Jennings, Cook Neilson, and Phil Schilling, Jennings, a self-educated engineer and journalist, worked on and off as a technical and contributing editor for two decades after his editorship. He was also editor-in-chief of Car and Driver Magazine, another Ziff-Davis publication, Neilson, popular for his irreverent, entertaining, and insightful writing, was promoted to editor in 1969, at the age of 26. He is credited with making the magazine successful through the 1970s, Neilson was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 2006. Schilling, who worked for Cycle for nearly 20 years, is best known for his exceptional race-tuning expertise and for connecting his readers to the heart of the motorcycling experience. In 1974, during a sabbatical from the magazine, he wrote The Motorcycle World, one of the first general-interest books about motorcycles and motorcycle racing. Schilling was inducted to the Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 2011, at the end of 1988, Hachette Filipacchi moved Cycle from Westlake Village to Newport Beach, California, to the same offices that housed Cycle World. At that time, the two magazines were consolidated under one publisher and advertising staff, steve Anderson, previously with Cycle World, became editor-in-chief. Anderson, an engineer himself, maintained Cycles technical focus and the editorial excellence associated with his predecessors, Hachette Filipacchi closed Cycle in the early 1990s, much to the chagrin of its many fans. In the early 1990s, Anderson, Jennings, and Kevin Cameron founded Wheelbase, Dean Adams of Superbike Planet. com described it as essentially what we know now as a web site, produced before the majority of the world was aware the Internet existed. Regular long-time contributors to Cycle included Kevin Cameron, Ed Hertfelder, Jim Greening, art Directors, Eberhard Luethke, Cheh Nam Low, Paul Halesworth, Tom Saputo, and Barbara Goss
20.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
21.
Jeopardy!
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Jeopardy. is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin. The show features a competition in which contestants are presented with general knowledge clues in the form of answers. The original daytime version debuted on NBC on March 30,1964, a weekly nighttime syndicated edition aired from September 1974 to September 1975, and a revival, The All-New Jeopardy. Ran on NBC from October 1978 to March 1979, the current version, a daily syndicated show produced by Sony Pictures Television, premiered on September 10,1984, and is still airing, making it by far the programs most successful incarnation. Both NBC versions and the syndicated version were hosted by Art Fleming. Don Pardo served as announcer until 1975, and John Harlan announced for the 1978–1979 show, since its inception, the daily syndicated version has featured Alex Trebek as host and Johnny Gilbert as announcer. With over 7,000 episodes aired, the syndicated version of Jeopardy. has won a record 33 Daytime Emmy Awards and is the only post-1960 game show to be honored with the Peabody Award. In 2013, the program was ranked No.45 on TV Guides list of the 60 greatest shows in American television history, Jeopardy. has also gained a worldwide following with regional adaptations in many other countries. The daily syndicated series 33rd season premiered on September 12,2016, three contestants each take their place behind a lectern, with the returning champion occupying the leftmost lectern. The contestants compete in a quiz game comprising three rounds, Jeopardy, the material for the questions covers a wide variety of topics, including history and current events, the sciences, the arts, popular culture, literature, and languages. Category titles often feature puns, wordplay, or shared themes, rounds each feature six categories, each of which contains five clues, which are ostensibly valued by difficulty. The dollar values of the clues increased over time, Series, clue values in the first round ranged from $10 to $50. They ranged from $25 to $125, the current series first round originally ranged from $100 to $500, and were doubled to $200 to $1,000 on November 26,2001. Specials, clues were valued in points rather than in dollars, round begins when the returning champion selects a clue, which may be from any position on the game board. The clue is revealed and read aloud by the host, after which any contestant may ring-in using a hand-held signaling device, the first contestant to ring-in successfully is prompted to provide a response to the clue, phrased in the form of a question. If the contestant responds correctly, the dollar value is added to the contestants score. An incorrect response, or a failure to respond within five seconds, deducts the clues value from the score and allows the other contestants the opportunity to ring-in. If no contestant responds correctly or does not know, the host gives the correct response, from the premiere of the original Jeopardy
22.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
23.
NPR
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NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs that are produced and its content is also available on-demand via the web, mobile, and podcasts. The organizations legal name is National Public Radio and its brand is NPR. Is NPR has been used by its hosts for many years. However, National Public Radio remains the name of the group. National Public Radio replaced the National Educational Radio Network on February 26,1970 and this act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which created the Public Broadcasting Service in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a Board of Directors chaired by Bernard Mayes, the board then hired Donald Quayle to be the first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member stations, and studios in Washington, D. C. NPR aired its first broadcast in April 1971, covering United States Senate hearings on the Vietnam War, a month later, the afternoon drive-time newscast All Things Considered began, on May 3,1971, first hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations, NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly US$7 million. After a congressional investigation and the resignation of NPRs president, Frank Mankiewicz, NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture, making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off the debt, delano Lewis, the president of C&P Telephone, left that position to become NPRs CEO and president in January 1994. In November 1998, NPRs board of directors hired Kevin Klose, NPR spent nearly $13 million to acquire and equip a West Coast 25, 000-square-foot production facility, NPR West, which opened in Culver City, Los Angeles County, California, in November 2002. C. In November 2003, NPR received US$235 million from the estate of the late Joan B, Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonalds Corporation. This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution, in 2004 NPRs budget increased by over 50% to US$153 million due to the Kroc gift. US$34 million of the money was deposited in its endowment, the endowment fund before the gift totaled $35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff, the 2005 budget was about US$120 million. In August 2005, NPR entered podcasting with a directory of over 170 programs created by NPR, by November of that year, users downloaded NPR and other public radio podcasts 5 million times
24.
Oak Park, Illinois
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Oak Park is a village adjacent to the West Side of the city of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. Pace buses serve the Village for travel within its borders and connecting to neighboring suburbs, as of the 2010 United States Census the Village had a total population of 51,878. Oak Park was settled beginning in the 1830s, with rapid growth later in the 19th century and it incorporated in 1902, breaking off from Cicero. Development was spurred by railroads and street cars connecting the village to jobs in Chicago, famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright and his wife settled here in 1889. Population peaked at 66,015 in 1940, smaller families led to falling population in the same number of homes and apartments. In the 1960s, Oak Park faced the challenge of racial integration, devising many strategies to integrate rather than re-segregate the village, Oak Park includes three historic districts for the historic homes, Ridgeland, Frank Lloyd Wright and Seward Gunderson, reflecting the focus on historic preservation. In 1835, Joseph Kettlestrings, an immigrant from England, purchased 172 acres of land just west of Chicago for a farm and their home. Once their children were born, they moved to Chicago for the schools in 1843, more farmers and settlers had entered the area. Their land was called by several names locally, including Oak Ridge, by 1850, the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad was constructed as far as Elgin, Illinois, and passed through the settlement area. In the 1850s the land on which Oak Park sits was part of the new Chicago suburb, the town of Cicero. The population of the area boomed during the 1870s, with Chicago residents resettling in Cicero following the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 and the expansion of railroads and street cars to the area. In 1872, when Oak Park received its own depot on the Chicago and Northwestern Railway. As Chicago grew from a center to a national metropolis Oak Park expanded – from 500 residents in 1872 to 1,812 in 1890, to 9,353 in 1900, to 20,911 in 1910. Oak Park thus emerged as a leading Chicago suburb, one of the first streetcar lines was the Chicago, Harlem, & Batavia “dummy” line, which ran approximately along the present-day route of the Eisenhower Expressway. The “dummy” trains used a steam locomotive with a false cladding designed to conceal most of the moving parts. This line first began operation in 1881, but did not provide direct service to downtown Chicago until June 1888. A more extensive network throughout Oak Park was opened in 1890. In the future village of Oak Park, this system ran east-west on Madison Street and Lake Street, streetcar service was discontinued in 1947, to be replaced by buses
25.
Actors Theatre of Louisville
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Actors Theatre of Louisville is a non-profit performing arts theater located in downtown Louisville, Kentucky. Actors Theatre was founded in 1964 following the merging of two companies, Actors, Inc and Theatre Louisville, operated by Louisville natives Ewel Cornett. Designated as the State Theater of Kentucky in 1974, the theater has emerged as one of Americas most consistently innovative professional theater companies, the theater has toured to 29 cities and 15 countries worldwide, totaling more than 1,400 appearances internationally. More than 380 Humana Festival plays have been published in anthologies and individual acting editions, making Actors Theatre a visible, the Humana Festival is the premier event of its kind in the nation, drawing theater lovers, journalists, and film and stage producers from around the world. The Festival culminates in two Industry Weekends which bring together a collection of amazing new plays with one-of-a-kind panels, cocktail parties, discussions and it is the perfect opportunity to see new work, make new connections, and support the creation of new American theater. In May 1969, Jon Jory, the son of stage and his appointment marked a renaissance for the theater and throughout his tenure, he proved himself to be a visionary artistic leader and innovative producer. During this three decades in Louisville he produced more than 1,300 plays, increased Actors Theatres budget from $244,000 to $8.3 million and his Louisville debut was in October 1969 with Dylan Thomas Under Milk Wood. Marc Masterson was appointed the companys new Artistic Director in the summer of 2000, hed previously served as producing director of City Theatre in Pittsburgh for 19 years. Masterson left Actors Theatre in 2011 to become director at South Coast Repertory in California. Following an extensive search, Obie Award-winning director Les Waters was named artistic director on November 29,2011. Waters appointment was declared the years most promising out of development by The New York Times. A strong proponent of contemporary work and imaginative adaptations of classic materials, the original home of Actors Theatre was an open loft—the former Egyptian Tea Room—above the Taylor Trunk Company on Fourth Street in downtown Louisville. In 1965, the relocated to the former site of the Illinois Central Railway Station on Seventh Street. The space was transformed by Architect Jasper Ward into a 350-seat theater, in the fall of 1969, the city announced that the train station was to be demolished to make way for a connector highway. In October 1972, the relocated to the newly renovated Old Bank of Louisville building on Main Street. The building that became Actors Theatre was a merging of two buildings, the 1837 James H. Dakin-designed Old Bank of Louisville and the Myers-Thompson Display Building, in 2004 the theater acquired a production studio at 9th and Magnolia Streets in the Old Louisville neighborhood. List of attractions and events in the Louisville metropolitan area Performing arts in Louisville, Kentucky Dixon, associate editors, Thomas D. Clark, Lowell H. Harrison, and James C. Lexington, Kentucky, The University Press of Kentucky, Actors Theatre official website Actors Theatre of Louisville at the Internet Broadway Database
26.
City Theatre (Pittsburgh)
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City Theatre is a professional theatre company located in Pittsburghs South Side. It specializes in productions of new plays and has commissioned new works by playwrights on the theatre scene, including Christopher Durang, Adam Rapp. Initially the group shared their space in the North Sides Allegheny Center with Pittsburgh Public Theater. In 1979, the group was offered a residency at the University of Pittsburgh, “Homeless” for a brief period of time, the University of Pittsburgh theatre department offered to shelter the theater company in 1980. Attilo Favorini, head of the department, thought that, “The City Theater offered us the opportunity for Pitt’s students to work a professional company, in 1981, under the artistic direction of Marc Masterson, the company moved to a new performance space on Bouquet Street in Oakland. Marc Masterson became artistic director of Actors Theatre of Louisville in Kentucky, Theatre in Pittsburgh City Theatre Company Records
27.
Metropolitan Playhouse
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The Metropolitan Playhouse of New York is a producing theater in New York City. Founded in 1992, the theater is devoted to presenting plays that explore American culture, including seldom-produced American classics and new plays about American history and literature. The company has staged two Living Newspapers from the Federal Theater Project, Arthur Arents Power in 2007 and One-Third of a Nation in 2011. In addition to historical American performance, Metropolitan Playhouse also dedicates itself to the exploration and celebration of the neighborhood in which it resides. In addition to these two productions, the East Village Theater Festival features readings of other plays, as well as gallery presentations by local artists. The 2011 East Village Theater Festival will run from June 6 -26
28.
Eugene O'Neill Theater Center
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The Eugene ONeill Memorial Theater Center in Waterford, Connecticut is a 501 not-for-profit theater company founded in 1964 by George C. White. The ONeill is the recipient of two Tony Awards, the 1979 Special Award and the 2010 Regional Theatre Award, and the 2015 National Medal of Arts presented on September 22,2016 by President Obama. The ONeill is an institution that has had a transformative effect on American theater. The ONeill pioneered play development and stage readings as a tool for new plays and musicals, and is home to the National Theater Institute. The Monte Cristo Cottage, Eugene ONeills childhood home in New London, the theaters campus, overlooking Long Island Sound in Waterford Beach Park, has four major performance spaces, two indoor and two outdoor. The ONeill is led by Executive Director Preston Whiteway, the National Playwrights Conference is one of the premiere play developmental programs in America. Each year, the Conference accepts scripts under an open-submissions policy, a team of over 125 readers made up of theater professionals, dramaturgs, college department chairs and past participants help to read the scripts and select the most promising. Of the 8 plays developed in each of the past 5 years, at least 7 are from the open-submissions process, NPC offers writers a four-week residency at the ONeills campus, with strong dramaturgical and professional support. Professional actors, directors, designers, and technicians assist the writer in creating and shaping the play, first and foremost, NPC is focused on the writer and adapts to serve his or her needs in the development of the play. Lloyd Richards was the first Artistic Director of the National Playwrights Conference, appointed in 1969 by the ONeills founder, George C. White. Mr. Richards was one of the very first African Americans to lead a major program in the United States. He continued to both positions before retiring from Yale in 1991 and the ONeill in 1999. Jim Houghton then led the NPC from 2000–2003, the program was led by J Ranelli from 2003–2004, then Richard Kuranda from 2004–2005. Those interested in studying with the National Theater Institute can apply online, NTI offers many theater study abroad training programs for students. The National Theater Institute is the ONeill Centers credit-bearing 14-week intensive theater program for college-age students, classes are held seven days a week from 9 am to 10 pm, with a 7,30 am warm-up six days a week. International components include two-week seminars at London/Stratford-upon-Avon to train with Complicite or St. Petersburg, the National Theater Institute is also home to two advanced programs for directing and playwriting. The NTI Advanced Directing Semester allows emerging and experienced directing students to concentrate solely on sharpening their craft, the Advanced Playwriting 14-week study away program is offered only in the spring, at the ONeill. Students leave the program with a portfolio of plays they can submit to festivals, another program of the National Theater Institute is the Moscow Art Theatre Semester
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The Playwrights' Center
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The Playwrights Center is a non-profit theatre organization focused on both supporting playwrights and promoting new plays to production at theaters across the country. Its mission is to champion playwrights and new plays to build upon a living theater that demands new and it is located in the Seward neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota. After becoming a company in 1973, the founders held a series of play readings, discussion series. The focus was on a continued playwriting conversation and aiding works-in-progress and these ideals continued to be the mainstay of the center as membership expanded. In 1979, the moved into the Olivet Lutheran Church in south Minneapolis. Since its founding, the Center has grown into a resource for script development. The Center also collaborates with cultural institutions as the Walker Art Center. The Ruth Easton New Play Series is an intimate and accessible way to experience the thrill of raw new work. It gives selected Core Writers 20 hours with collaborators to workshop their script—to write, rewrite, experiment, each year a handful of plays are selected from the Core Writers for development in The Ruth Easton Series. The Core Writer program gives 25-30 of the most exciting playwrights from across the country the time, all Core Writers receive play development workshops at the Center, in collaboration with prominent directors, actors, dramaturgs, and designers. Selected work by Core Writers makes up our formal season of public readings, the PlayLabs Festival, Core Writers are also promoted by the Center and provided opportunities through an extensive network of colleges and universities, cultural institutions, and producing theaters. Each term is three years, Core Writers may re-apply for additional terms, schools participating in the New Plays on Campus program may nominate students to become Playwrights’ Center Core Apprentices, a unique and high-profile opportunity. Five student playwrights are selected each year to be “Core Apprentices”, PlayLabs is an annual new play festival that occurs during a two-week span in October and is the largest development event of the Playwrights Centers season. Each playwright is paired with a director, designer, and cast of actors, the selected plays receive 30 hours of rehearsal and two readings with allocated writing and revision time. All readings are free to the public, the festival extends beyond the readings including a Jerome Fellows showcase, a panel discussion, and a festival celebration. According to The Playwrights Center 2005 annual report, seventy four percent of Playlabs playwrights go on to receive professional productions or further development opportunities. The Playwrights’ Center Jerome Fellowships are awarded annually, providing emerging American playwrights with funds, four $16,000 fellowships will be awarded for 2015-16, in addition to $1,500 in development support. Fellows spend a year-long residency in Minnesota and have access to Playwrights Center opportunities, including workshops with professional directors, dramaturgs, the Playwrights’ Center has awarded these fellowships in partnership with the Jerome Foundation since 1976
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Seattle Repertory Theatre
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Seattle Repertory Theatre is a major regional theatre located in Seattle, Washington, at the Seattle Center. It is a member of Theatre Puget Sound and Theatre Communications Group, founded in 1963, it is led by Artistic Director Braden Abraham and Managing Director Jeffrey Herrmann. It received the 1990 Regional Theatre Tony Award, the first home of the Seattle Rep was the Seattle Playhouse, built as part of the fair grounds for the 1962 Century 21 Exposition, Seattles 1962 Worlds Fair. The building, extant as of 2009, was renovated in 1987 as a home for the Intiman Theatre, actor Hal Holbrook had appeared at the Playhouse during the fair, and is believed to be the person who suggested it as a home for a repertory theater company. Seattle businessman and arts patron Bagley Wright and others raised money, stuart Vaughan was the founding artistic director and directed the first production, King Lear, which opened the new companys first season on November 14,1963. The original acting company included Seattle native Marjorie Nelson and an associate member from the University of Washington. Both went on to become mainstays of Pacific Northwest theater, donald Foster came aboard as executive director in 1964. The first summer Theater-in-the-Park production was The Taming of the Shrew, the first Northwest tour included Twelfth Night and Ah, Wilderness. Peter Donnelly joined The Rep on a Ford Foundation grant as a management intern, in 1966, Allen Fletcher became The Reps second artistic director. The Off-Center series focused on contemporary works, the first of Off-Center production, in 1967, featured The Death of Bessie Smith and The American Dream, two one-act plays by Edward Albee. The Rep was invited to the Bergen International Festival in 1968, in 1970, Peter Donnelly became producing director, and W. Duncan Ross became artistic director. In 1972, The Reps artistic role in the state was acknowledged with the Washington State Governors Arts Award and that same year was the beginning of Rep ‘n Rap, a summer tour program featuring Thurbermania. The following year, there was a presentation of Promenade All directed by Hume Cronyn. The 2nd Stage series began a year later with Max Frischs Biography, in 1975, a tour of the western states included Seven Keys to Baldpate by George M. Cohan. Private funding and a bond issue raised $5.8 million for a new theater. The first Mobile Outreach Bunch toured Washington and Idaho schools with The Energy Show, John Hirsch joined as consulting artistic director with Daniel Sullivan as resident director that same year, and Plays-in-Progress, initiated by Daniel Sullivan, began developing new plays. In 1981, Daniel Sullivan became artistic director and the Seattle Repertory Organization held the first Elegant Elephant Sale, an event that continued for nearly two decades. On December 29, ground was broken for the new Bagley Wright Theatre, in 1984, Herb Gardners Im Not Rappaport starring Harold Gould, Cleavon Little and David Strathairn opened prior to its Broadway run
31.
Dirty Dancing: Havana Nights
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Dirty Dancing, Havana Nights is a 2004 American musical romance film directed by Guy Ferland. This film is a prequel/re-imagining of the 1987 blockbuster Dirty Dancing, reusing the same basic plot, in 1958, Katey Miller, her parents, and her younger sister Susie arrive in Cuba during the Cuban revolution. Katey attempts to talk to the waiter—Javier, who works at the hotel to support his family—because she feels awful about what had occurred, Katey watches a film of her mother and father dancing and wishes she could dance as well as they did. She and her father dance a bit, the next day in class, Katey is asked to read aloud from The Odyssey - a passage about love and passion. After class, James invites her to a party at the club the next day. While walking home from school, she sees Javier dancing at a street party and they stop to listen to a street band and police show up, stopping Javier while Katey runs away. The next day, Katey tries some of the moves she saw. Javier sees her and asks her to see the real dancers Saturday night. Katey wears one of her maids dresses to the country club party, Katey convinces him to take her to the Cuban club where Javier is dancing with the ladies. Javier dances with Katey while James sits at the bar, soon he is accosted by Javiers brother, Carlos, who tells him that they will eventually kick the Americans out of Cuba. Javier comes over and argues with his brother, James takes Katey back to the car and assaults her after she refuses to kiss him. She slaps him and runs into the club, and Javier agrees to walk her home, the next day, Katey walks by a dance class. The teacher asks if anyone wants to enter the big dance contest and she grabs a flyer for the competition. While walking to the pool, James apologizes to Katey and then tells her that Susie saw Javier with her, Katey argues with Susie and goes to find Javier. He is now working at a shop with Carlos. She asks him to enter the dance contest with her, meanwhile, it is becoming apparent that Carlos is helping the revolutionaries. The next day, Javier shows up at Kateys school and agrees to enter the dance contest with her and they start teaching each other dance moves and Javier convinces her to feel the music. They practice all the time, and Katey dances some more with the dance teacher, Katey and Javier dance with the other couples on the floor and are chosen to go on to the next round
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WBEZ
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WBEZ is a noncommercial public radio station broadcasting from Chicago, Illinois. Financed primarily by listener contributions, the station is affiliated with both National Public Radio and Public Radio International, it broadcasts content from American Public Media. The station and its parent organization were known as Chicago Public Radio, since 2010. Some of the output is branded as WBEZ and some as Chicago Public Media. In addition to its transmitter on 91.5 FM. The station also operated a low-power translator in Elgin, Illinois, however. Listeners can also receive the broadcast online with streaming audio, MP3 download or by podcast, as of 2013, the station drew an estimated 400,000 listeners each week. CPM also operates a web site and radio station named Vocalo. org which broadcasts on radio stations WRTE90.5 FM in Chicago and WBEW in Chesterton, Indiana, Vocalo is also heard on the HD2 channel of WBEZ. CPR/CPM also previously managed Loyola University of Chicagos WLUW88.7 FM, heard on the North Side of Chicago, WBEZ first went on the air in April 1943, carrying instructional programming for the Chicago Public Schools. However, initially only a few classrooms were able to tune in, for most of its early years, the station broadcast only instructional programs, operating on weekdays on which Chicago Public Schools were in session. In 1970, WBEZ joined National Public Radio as a charter member, initially, most programming outside of the instructional programs and NPR programs was jazz music. The Board of Education sold the station to the current license holders, the corporate name was changed in 2010 to Chicago Public Media, Inc. The general manager from 1995 to July 2013 was Torey Malatia, the current CEO is Goli Sheikholeslami, formerly of The Washington Post, who took office in April 2014. On January 4,2007, the traditional overnight jazz programming was eliminated. The music program remaining on the schedule was the music program Radio M on Friday nights. All other music hosts were to be reassigned to other positions at the station, the replacement of music programming, which management said was due to the prevalence and popularity of other music delivery systems, caused outrage amongst many in the Chicago jazz scene. Protest sites were organized but were unsuccessful, legendary jazz disc jockey Dick Buckley retained a time slot Sunday afternoons until mid-2008. Station management announced a plan for Chicago-oriented programs to cover all seven hours between the national news programs
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Inside Out (2015 film)
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Inside Out is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated satirical comedy-drama adventure film produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Docter first began developing Inside Out in 2009, after noticing changes in his daughters personality as she grew older. After premiering at the 68th Cannes Film Festival in May 2015, Inside Out was released in North America on June 19,2015, accompanied by the short film Lava. Critics praised the concept, screenplay, subject matter, Michael Giacchinos musical score and the vocal performances, particularly of Poehler, Smith. The film grossed $90.4 million in its first weekend and it accumulated over $857 million in worldwide box office revenue. The film received awards, including a BAFTA Award, Golden Globe Award, Critics Choice Award, Annie Award, Satellite Award. In 2016, the film was named as the 41st best film of the 21st century, as she grows up, her experiences become memories, stored in colored orbs, which are sent into long-term memory each night. Her five most important core memories are housed in a hub that each power an aspect of her personality which take the form of floating islands, at the age of eleven, Riley and her parents move to San Francisco for her fathers new business. When Sadness begins touching Rileys happy memories, turning them sad, on Rileys first day at her new school, Sadness accidentally causes Riley to cry in front of her class, creating a sad core memory. Joy, panicking, tries to dispose of it, but accidentally knocks the other core memories loose during a struggle with Sadness, Joy, Sadness, and the core memories are sucked out of Headquarters, and taken to the maze-like storage area of long-term memory. The other emotions try to maintain Rileys happiness in Joys absence with disastrous results, distancing her from her parents, friends and hobbies. As a result, her personality islands gradually begin to crumble and fall, one by one, into the Memory Dump, an abyss where memories are forgotten. In desperation, Anger inserts an idea into the console prompting Riley to run away, Joy and Sadness encounter Bing Bong, Rileys childhood imaginary friend, who suggests riding the train of thought back to Headquarters. The three eventually catch the train, but it is halted when Riley falls asleep and they succeed in manipulating Rileys dreams to wake her and restart the train, but it is derailed when the Honesty Island collapses. But as she takes off, the ground below the tube collapses, breaking the tube and plunging Joy, at the bottom, Joy then begins to lose hope, but discovers a sad memory of a hockey game that became happy when Rileys parents and friends comforted her. Joy realizes that Sadness serves an important purpose, to create empathy in others when Riley is emotionally overwhelmed, Joy reunites with a despondent Sadness and manages to get them to Headquarters, only to discover that Angers idea has disabled the console, rendering Riley apathetic. To the surprise of the others, Joy hands control of the console to Sadness, as Sadness reinstalls the core memories, turning them sad, Riley arrives home to her parents and breaks down in tears, confessing that she misses Minnesota. A year later, Riley has adapted to her new home, made new friends, returned to her old hobbies, inside Headquarters, her emotions all work together on a new expanded console with room for them all, enabling Riley to lead a more emotionally complex life
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The Simpsons
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The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa. The show is set in the town of Springfield and parodies American culture, society, television. The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks, Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19,1987. After a three-season run, the sketch was developed into a prime time show and became an early hit for Fox. Since its debut on December 17,1989,615 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast and its 28th season began on September 25,2016. It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program, the Simpsons Movie, a feature-length film, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27,2007, and grossed over $527 million. On May 4,2015, the series was renewed for seasons 27 and 28, on November 4,2016, the series was renewed for seasons 29 and 30, consisting of 22 episodes each. The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine or ten seasons, Time named it the 20th centurys best television series, and Erik Adams of The A. V. Club named it televisions crowning achievement regardless of format, on January 14,2000, the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards,30 Annie Awards, Homers exclamatory catchphrase Doh. has been adopted into the English language, while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms. Despite this, the show has also criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years. The Simpsons are a family who live in a fictional Middle American town of Springfield, Homer, the father, works as a safety inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, a position at odds with his careless, buffoonish personality. He is married to Marge Simpson, a stereotypical American housewife, although the family is dysfunctional, many episodes examine their relationships and bonds with each other and they are often shown to care about one another. The family owns a dog, Santas Little Helper, and a cat, Snowball V, renamed Snowball II in I, both pets have had starring roles in several episodes. The show includes an array of supporting characters, co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople. The creators originally intended many of these characters as jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town
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Carl Kasell
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Carl Kasell is an American radio personality, most widely known as a newscaster for National Public Radio and as the former official judge and scorekeeper of the weekly news quiz show Wait Wait. Dont Tell Me. in 2014 and is now retired, a native of Goldsboro, North Carolina, Kasell was a student of drama in high school, where one of his mentors was Andy Griffith, then a high school drama instructor. Although Griffith urged Kasell to pursue a career in theatre, Kasell preferred radio, during his time at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, he helped launch local radio station WUNC with fellow student Charles Kuralt. In an interview with Renée Montagne, just before his final broadcast on NPRs Morning Edition and he said that he hid behind the radio to fool passers-by into thinking they were listening to the radio when they in fact were hearing the young Kasell. Kasell worked as an announcer and DJ at a station in Goldsboro, North Carolina before moving to the Washington. He is a member of the North Carolina Journalism Hall of Fame, after leaving North Carolina, Kasell advanced to the position of news director at WAVA in Arlington, Virginia. As news director in Virginia, he hired Katie Couric, then a student at the University of Virginia, as an intern one summer, Kasell joined National Public Radios staff as a news announcer for Weekend All Things Considered in 1975. He was also the announcer for NPRs Morning Edition from its inception in 1979 through 2009. NPR launched its weekly news quiz Wait Wait, Dont Tell Me. in 1998, with Kasell as official judge and scorekeeper. Dont Tell Me. offers to its listener contestants is a recording of Kasells voice for their personal telephones answering machine or voice mail. Because this prize has been such a tradition for the show. In 1999, Kasell shared in the George Foster Peabody Award given to Morning Edition, on November 23,2009, NPR announced that Kasell would retire from newscasting at the end of 2009. Kasells final newscast aired on December 30,2009, Kasell continued to appear as the official scorer of Wait Wait. Dont Tell Me. He also continued to work for NPR through fundraising and visits to member stations, during the August 7,2010 broadcast of Wait Wait. Dont Tell Me. host Peter Sagal announced that Kasell had been voted into the National Radio Hall of Fame, for many years, Kasell was the announcer for the annual Kennedy Center Honors broadcast on CBS. In March 2013, Kasell was named North Carolinian of the Year by the North Carolina Press Association, on March 4,2014, NPR announced that Kasell would be stepping down from his Wait Wait. It was later announced that his last show would be May 17,2014, however, the prize for winning contestants on the show remains to this day Carl Kassels voice on your answering machine. On the morning of March 4,2014 Radio World magazine sent an email to its subscribers in which it reported that Kasell had died, a correction and an apology to Mr. Kasell and his fans was sent almost immediately
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Baltimore Symphony Orchestra
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The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra is an American symphony orchestra based in Baltimore, Maryland. The Baltimore SO has its residence at the Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall. In 2005, it began performances at the Music Center at Strathmore in Bethesda. Marin Alsop is the Baltimore SOs current music director since 2007, founded in 1916, the Baltimore SO is the only major American orchestra originally established as a branch of the municipal government. Reorganized as an institution in 1942, it maintains close relationships with the governments and communities of the city and surrounding counties. The Baltimore SOs modern history dates from 1965, when Baltimore arts patron Joseph Meyerhoff became president of the Orchestra, Meyerhoff appointed Romanian-born conductor Sergiu Comissiona as music director. Beginning February 2017, Peter T. Kjome serves as the President, the Baltimore SOs Principal Pops Conductor is Jack Everly. Yuri Temirkanov, Music Director from 2000-2006, now has the title of Music Director Emeritus, the orchestras current BSO-Peabody Conducting Fellow is Michael Repper. In 2016, the BSO appointed Tonya McBride Robles as Vice President, the Joseph Meyerhoff Symphony Hall has been the home of the Baltimore SO since its opening on September 16,1982. Named for Joseph Meyerhoff, the 2, 443-seat hall has undergone renovations in 1990, the Orchestras second home is the 1, 976-seat Music Center at Strathmore, located in North Bethesda, Maryland. With the opening of the Music Center at Strathmore in February 2005, as the founding partner and resident orchestra of the Music Center, the Baltimore SO presents 35 performances in the concert hall annually. In addition to its Baltimore and Strathmore residencies, the orchestra performs in Frederick, its longest continuing run-out concert series. The Baltimore SO was the first American orchestra in 11 years to tour the Soviet Union after cultural relations resumed towards the end of the Soviet war in Afghanistan. Under Zinman, the orchestra made its first visit to East Asia in 1994, the Baltimore SO has also appeared at Carnegie Hall, including a February 2008 concert with the New York premiere of Steven Mackeys percussion concerto Time Release with soloist Colin Currie. The BSO performs approximately 30 education concerts and open each year for more than 60,000 area students in pre-school through 12th grade. Rusty Musicians, a program geared towards adult amateur musicians, allows participants to join the BSO, in May 2008, the BSO began OrchKids, an after-school program to provide music experience and education for youth in Baltimore City’s low-income neighborhoods. In collaboration with community partners, it provides education, instruments, meals. OrchKids maintains a faculty of 27 professional working/teaching musicians and academy classroom teachers, lead funding support was provided by initial gifts of $100,000 from Marin Alsop and $1,000,000 from Rheda Becker and Robert Meyerhoff
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Leonard Bernstein
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Leonard Bernstein was an American composer, conductor, author, music lecturer, and pianist. He was among the first conductors born and educated in the US to receive worldwide acclaim, according to music critic Donal Henahan, he was one of the most prodigiously talented and successful musicians in American history. Bernstein was the first conductor to give a series of lectures on classical music, starting in 1954. He was a skilled pianist, often conducting piano concertos from the keyboard, as a composer he wrote in many styles encompassing symphonic and orchestral music, ballet, film and theatre music, choral works, opera, chamber music and pieces for the piano. Many of his works are performed around the world, although none has matched the tremendous popular. He was born Louis Bernstein in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the son of Ukrainian-Jewish parents Jennie and Samuel Joseph Bernstein and he was not related to film composer Elmer Bernstein, but the two men were friends, and even shared a certain physical similarity. Within the world of music, they were distinguished from each other by the use of the nicknames Bernstein West. His family spent their summers at their home in Sharon. His grandmother insisted that his first name be Louis, but his parents called him Leonard. He officially changed his name to Leonard when he was fifteen, to his friends and many others he was simply known as Lenny. His father, Sam Bernstein, was a businessman and owner of a hair product store in downtown Lawrence, it is no longer standing on the corners of Amesbury, Sam initially opposed young Leonards interest in music. Despite this, the elder Bernstein took him to concerts in his teenage years. As a child, Bernstein attended the Garrison Grammar School and Boston Latin School, as a child he was very close to his younger sister Shirley, and would often play entire operas or Beethoven symphonies with her at the piano. He had a variety of teachers in his youth, including Helen Coates. After graduation from Boston Latin School in 1935, Bernstein attended Harvard University, one of his friends at Harvard was philosopher Donald Davidson, with whom he played piano four hands. Bernstein wrote and conducted the score for the production Davidson mounted of Aristophanes play The Birds in the original Greek. Bernstein reused some of this music in the ballet Fancy Free, during his time at Harvard he was briefly an accompanist for the Harvard Glee Club. Bernstein also mounted a student production of The Cradle Will Rock, Blitzstein, who heard about the production, subsequently became a friend and influence on Bernstein
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Candide (operetta)
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Candide is an operetta with music composed by Leonard Bernstein, based on the novella of the same name by Voltaire. The operetta was first performed in 1956 with a libretto by Lillian Hellman, the primary lyricist was the poet Richard Wilbur. Other contributors to the text were John Latouche, Dorothy Parker, Lillian Hellman, Stephen Sondheim, John Mauceri, John Wells, maurice Peress and Hershy Kay contributed orchestrations. Although unsuccessful at its premiere, Candide has now overcome the reaction of early audiences and critics. It is very popular among major music schools as a student show because of the quality of its music, Candide was originally conceived by Lillian Hellman as a play with incidental music in the style of her previous work, The Lark. Bernstein, however, was so excited about this idea that he convinced Hellman to do it as a comic operetta, many lyricists worked on the show, first James Agee, then Dorothy Parker, John Latouche and Richard Wilbur. In addition, the lyrics to I Am Easily Assimilated were done by Leonard and Felicia Bernstein, Hershy Kay orchestrated all but the overture, which Bernstein did himself. Candide first opened on Broadway as a musical on December 1,1956, the premiere production was directed by Tyrone Guthrie and conducted by Samuel Krachmalnick. The sets and costumes were designed by Oliver Smith and Irene Sharaff and it was choreographed by Anna Sokolow. It featured Robert Rounseville as Candide, Barbara Cook as Cunégonde, Max Adrian as Dr. Pangloss and this production was a box office disaster, running only two months for a total of 73 performances. Hellmans libretto was criticized in a The New York Times review as being too serious and this production used Lillian Hellmans book with an additional credit assisted by Michael Stewart, and it was directed by Robert Lewis with choreography by Jack Cole. The cast included Denis Quilley as Candide, Mary Costa as Cunegonde, Laurence Naismith as Dr. Pangloss, the Musical Director was Alexander Faris. Without Bernsteins involvement, the show underwent a series of Broadway revivals under the direction of Harold Prince. Lillian Hellman, the author of the book, refused to let any of her work be used in the revival, so Prince commissioned a new. The sole element of Hellmans book that remained was her name for Cunegondes brother. The lyrics were worked on by the team of artists listed above, the 1974 Broadway revival starred Mark Baker, Maureen Brennan, Sam Freed, Lewis J. Stadlen, and June Gable as the Old Lady. The Chelsea version was marked by a production style. Actors performed on platforms in front, behind, and sometimes between audience members, some sat on bleachers, others on stools on the stage floor
39.
National Geographic Explorer
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The first episode was produced by WQED and featured long-time Explorer camerman Mark Knobil, who is the few staff members with the franchise during all 24 seasons. The program is the documentary television series on cable television. Presented every Sunday from 5,00 pm to 8,00 pm, Tim Cowling and Tim Kelly were the executive producers for the series during this transition. In its 24 years on television, Explorer has worked for five television outlets, in February 1986, Explorer moved to TBS, where it had a successful run until September 1999, when it moved to CNBC. In October 2001, the moved to MSNBC. In June 2003, the series re-launched itself on MSNBC as Ultimate Explorer, on July 8,2004, Explorer joined the National Geographic Channel
40.
Late Night with Jimmy Fallon
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Late Night with Jimmy Fallon is an American late-night talk show that aired weeknights at 12,35 am Eastern/11,35 pm Central on NBC in the United States. The hour-long show, which premiered on March 2,2009, and ended on February 7,2014, was hosted by actor, comedian, and performer Jimmy Fallon, an alumnus of Saturday Night Live. Hip hop/neo soul band The Roots served as the house band. The third incarnation of the Late Night franchise originated by David Letterman, the show typically opened with a brief monologue from Fallon, followed by a comedy desk piece, as well as prerecorded segments and audience competitions. The next segment was devoted to a celebrity interview, with guests ranging from actors and musicians to media personalities, the show then closed with either a musical or comedy performance, or a cooking segment. The show frequently employed digital media into its comedy, which became crucial to its success, in 2013, Fallon was selected by NBC to succeed a retiring Jay Leno as host of The Tonight Show. The final episode of Late Night under Fallon aired one night after Lenos final episode of The Tonight Show on February 6,2014, most of the cast and crew immediately began working on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon, which premiered on February 17,2014. Seth Meyers was named as Fallons replacement, and Late Night with Seth Meyers debuted after the Sochi Olympics, the shows ratings remained above its rival shows throughout most of the series run. In 2011, the show garnered two Emmy Award nominations, including Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Series, just before Higgins introduced Fallon, the camera cut to a shot of The Roots, who then shouted three numbers symbolizing the episode number of Late Night. As the camera panned over to the stage, some members of The Roots performed actions to get the cameras attention. Higgins then introduced Fallon with a drawn-out And here he is, Jimmy Fallon. Fallon often gave the cue cards for a joke to audience members if the joke fell particularly flat. Jimmy would segue directly from the punchline of his monologue into saying, Ladies and gentlemen. Give it up for The Roots. who would play briefly as Fallon walked to his desk, after the monologue, Fallon typically performed a comedy desk piece. Some were weekly, Pros and Cons on Tuesdays, and Late Night Hashtags on Thursdays, fridays were also reserved for Fallon to write Thank You Notes to figures that have given him material for the past week. The popularity of these Thank You Notes led to the release of two full of the favorites. He also sometimes had the crew of the show write letters home. After the desk piece ended and a commercial break followed, typically there was a competition involving players selected from the studio audience. These included Wheel of Carpet Samples, Wax on Wax off, Cell Phone Shootout, Models and Buckets, Lick it for Ten, Let Us Play with Your Look, Put It In Reverse, and Hot Dog in a Hole
41.
The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson
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The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson was an American late-night talk show hosted by Scottish American comedian Craig Ferguson. It was the iteration of the Late Late Show franchise. It followed Late Show with David Letterman in the CBS late-night lineup, the Late Late Show franchise had previously aired as The Late Late Show with Tom Snyder, then as The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn. Since launching The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson on January 3,2005, despite not initially having a sidekick, comedian and voice actor Josh Robert Thompson joined the show in 2010 and voiced sidekick Geoff Peterson until the shows finale. On April 28,2014, Ferguson announced that he was ending the show at the end of the year, the last episode aired on December 19,2014. Afterwards, Late Late Show began a series of episodes with guest hosts, the show starts with a cold open which consists of a short improvised monologue or commentary by Ferguson either as himself or involving his various puppets. Later the show featured banter with Geoff Peterson, his sidekick, and Secretariat. The cold open is followed by the credits and a commercial break. Following the break and his introduction by announcer Shadoe Stevens, Ferguson begins with Welcome to Los Angeles, California, I am your host, TVs Craig Ferguson, this is soon followed by Its a great day for America, everybody. And a free-form, largely ad-libbed monologue, after another commercial break, Ferguson is seated behind his desk, where he usually reads and responds to viewer emails and tweets from his proclaimed robot skeleton army. Generally, one or two celebrities are interviewed, sometimes, a stand-up comedian, cooking segment, or a musical guest performs, the latter of which is typically pre-taped. Ferguson has had many running gags, the show infrequently uses variations of the latter gag featuring other pairs of look-alike celebrities, such as Cher being shown as Marilyn Manson. The show ends with What Did We Learn on the Show Tonight, a segment that starts with an animation of a kitten and in which Ferguson removes his tie, puts his feet on his desk, and summarizes the preceding hour of TV. Fergusons first show as host was on January 3,2005, for approximately the first two months, he continued his predecessors monologue format, reading 5–10 jokes from cue cards. He would ad-lib between the jokes, and soon noticed that the stuff in-between got the most reaction from his audience, after that realization, he decided he and his writers would stop writing jokes. By May 2006, Studio 58, the CBS Television City venue from which the show is taped, had been updated with a digital broadcast Solid State Logic mixing console, a new set debuted on the July 24,2006 episode. It included a miniature CBS airship that floated along over the backdrop depicting Los Angeles. In the week of March 17,2008, The Late Late Show debuted a new set featuring an interview area on a raised platform
42.
Runner's World
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Runners World is a globally circulated monthly magazine for runners of all skills sets, published by Rodale Inc. in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Runners World was originally launched in 1966 by Bob Anderson as Distance Running News, Runner and writer Hal Higdon had been writing for the magazine since the beginning. In 1969, Anderson changed the name of the magazine to Runners World and he brought on Joe Henderson as chief editor and moved the editorial offices, now named World Publications, to Mountain View, California. Runners World thrived during the 1970s running boom, even in the face of competition from the New York-based magazine, in the early 1980s, Bob Anderson sold a good portion of his publications, including Runners World. Some of Andersons books went out of print while others were distributed by Macmillan Publishing, robert Rodale of Rodale Inc. purchased Runners World in 1985 and the editorial offices moved to Rodales base in Emmaus, Pennsylvania. Joe Henderson did not move to Emmaus, and stepped down as editor, random House bought the running log, which was published under the Runners World name for decades after the sale. In 1986 Rodale bought The Runner, and merged the two magazines, keeping the Runners World name and some writers, including Amby Burfoot who became the editor, Runners World remained strong through the so-called second running boom in the late 1990s. In 2004, the magazine had a full redesign, the publisher of Runners Worlds United States edition is Molly OKeefe and its editor is David Willey. In February 2007, Rodale acquired Running Times magazine with the objective of getting the back on its original mission to serve the front of the pack. Since the early 1990s, Runners World has expanded outside the United States, the first was a United Kingdom edition wholly owned by NatMag Rodale, a joint venture between Rodale Inc. and The Hearst Corporation in the UK. Editors in each country have access to content from the U. S. edition. Runners World published an article by Nick Symmonds in its November 2013 issue advocating that Congress should an assault rifles and handguns for everyone except police, Bob Anderson John Bingham Browning Ross Official website
43.
The New York Times Magazine
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The New York Times Magazine is a Sunday magazine supplement included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times. It is host to feature articles longer than those typically in the newspaper and has attracted many notable contributors, the magazine is also noted for its photography, especially relating to fashion and style. Its first issue was published on September 6,1896, in the early decades it was a section of the broadsheet paper and not an insert as it is today. In its early years, The New York Times Magazine began a tradition of publishing the writing of well-known contributors, du Bois and Albert Einstein to numerous sitting and future U. S. Presidents. Editor Lester Markel, an intense and autocratic journalist who oversaw the Sunday Times from the 1920s through the 1950s, during his tenure, writers such as Leo Tolstoy, Thomas Mann, Gertrude Stein, and Tennessee Williams contributed pieces to the magazine. When, in 1970, The New York Times introduced its first Op-Ed page, in 1979, the magazine began publishing Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist William Safires On Language, a column discussing issues of English grammar, use and etymology. Safires column steadily gained popularity and by 1990 was generating more mail than anything else in the magazine, the year 1999 saw the debut of The Ethicist, an advice column written by humorist Randy Cohen that quickly became a highly contentious part of the magazine. In 2011, Ariel Kaminer replaced Cohen as the author of the column, Klosterman left in early 2015 to be replaced by a trio of authors -- Kenji Yoshino, Amy Bloom, and Jack Shafer—who use a conversational format. Consumed, Rob Walkers regular column on culture, debuted in 2004. com, The New Republic magazines website, Greg Veis. In December 2010, Lindgren hired Joel Lovell, formerly editor at GQ magazine. In January 2012, humorist John Hodgman, who hosts his comedy court show podcast Judge John Hodgman, began writing a regular column Judge John Hodgman Rules for the The One-Page Magazine, in 2004, The New York Times Magazine began publishing an entire supplement devoted to style. Titled T, the supplement is edited by Deborah Needleman and appears 14 times a year, in 2009, it launched a Qatari Edition as a standalone magazine. In 2006, the magazine introduced two other supplements, PLAY, a magazine published every other month, and KEY. The Funny Pages was made up of three parts, the Strip, the Sunday Serial, and True-Life Tales, on July 8,2007, the magazine stopped printing True-Life Tales. 92% of 1824 voters answered No, the Funny Pages is no longer published in the magazine. Of the serial novels, At Risk, Limitations, The Overlook, Gentlemen of the Road, and The Lemur have since been published in book form with added material
44.
Chicago Tribune
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The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by tronc, Inc. formerly Tribune Publishing. The Tribune was founded by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler, forrest, publishing its first edition on June 10,1847. The paper saw numerous changes in ownership and editorship over the eight years. Initially, the Tribune was not politically affiliated but tended to either the Whig or Free Soil parties against the Democrats in elections. By late 1853, it was frequently running xenophobic editorials that criticized foreigners, about this time it also became a strong proponent of temperance. Ray became editor-in-chief, Medill became the editor, and Alfred Cowles, Sr. brother of Edwin Cowles. Each purchased one third of the Tribune, under their leadership the Tribune distanced itself from the Know Nothings and became the main Chicago organ of the Republican Party. However, the continued to print anti-Catholic and anti-Irish editorials. Between 1858 and 1860, the paper was known as the Chicago Press & Tribune, on October 25,1860, it became the Chicago Daily Tribune. Before and during the American Civil War, the new editors pushed an abolitionist agenda and strongly supported Abraham Lincoln, the paper remained a force in Republican politics for years afterwards. In 1861, the Tribune published new lyrics for the song John Browns Body by William W. Patton, Medill served as mayor of Chicago for one term after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Under the 20th-century editorship of Colonel Robert R. Joseph McCarthy, when McCormick assumed the position of co-editor in 1910, the Tribune was the third-best-selling paper among Chicagos eight dailies, with a circulation of only 188,000. At the same time, the Tribune competed with the Hearst paper, by 1914, the cousins succeeded in forcing out Managing Editor William Keeley. By 1918, the Examiner was forced to merge with the Chicago Herald, in 1919, Patterson left the Tribune and moved to New York to launch his own newspaper, the New York Daily News. In a renewed war with Hearsts Herald-Examiner, McCormick and Hearst ran rival lotteries in 1922. The Tribune won the battle, adding 250,000 readers to its ranks, also in 1922, the Chicago Tribune hosted an international design competition for its new headquarters, the Tribune Tower. The competition worked brilliantly as a publicity stunt, and more than 260 entries were received, the winner was a neo-Gothic design by New York architects John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood. The newspaper sponsored an attempt at Arctic aviation in 1929
45.
Houston Chronicle
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The Houston Chronicle is the largest daily newspaper in Houston, Texas, United States. As of April 2016, it is the third-largest newspaper by Sunday circulation in the United States, with its 1995 buy-out of long-time rival the Houston Post, the Chronicle became Houstons primary newspaper. The Houston Chronicle is the largest daily paper owned and operated by the Hearst Corporation, the paper employs nearly 2,000 people, including approximately 300 journalists, editors, and photographers. The Chronicle has bureaus in Washington, D. C. and it reports that its web site averages 125 million page views per month. The publication serves as the newspaper of record of the Houston area, previously headquartered in the Houston Chronicle Building at 801 Texas Avenue, Downtown Houston, the Houston Chronicle is now located at 4747 Southwest Freeway. From its inception, the practices and policies of the Houston Chronicle were shaped by strong-willed personalities who were the publishers, the history of the newspaper can be best understood when divided into the eras of these individuals. The Houston Chronicle was founded in 1901 by a reporter for the now-defunct Houston Post. The Chronicles first edition was published on October 14,1901, at the end of its first month in operation, the Chronicle had a circulation of 4,378 — roughly one tenth of the population of Houston at the time. Within the first year of operation, the paper purchased and consolidated the Daily Herald, in 1908, Foster asked Jesse H. Jones agreed, and the resulting Chronicle Building was one of the finest in the South. Under Foster, the circulation grew from about 7,000 in 1901 to 75,000 on weekdays and 85,000 on Sundays by 1926. Foster continued to write columns under the pen name Mefo, and he sold the rest of his interest to Jesse H. Jones on June 26,1926 and promptly retired. In 1911, City Editor George Kepple started Goodfellows, on a Christmas Eve in 1911, Kepple passed a hat among the Chronicles reporters to collect money to buy toys for a shoe-shine boy. Goodfellows continues today through donations made by the newspaper and its readers and it has grown into a city-wide program that provides needy children between the ages of two and ten with toys during the winter holidays. In 2003, Goodfellows distributed almost 250,000 toys to more than 100,000 needy children in the Greater Houston area, in 1926, Jesse H. Jones became the sole owner of the paper. He had approached Foster about selling, and Foster had answered and he replied, On real estate and everything about 200,000 dollars. I then said to him that I would give him 300,000 dollars in cash, having in mind that this would pay his debts, I considered the offer substantially more than the Chronicle was worth at the time. No sooner had I finished stating my proposition than he said, I will take it, in 1937, Jesse H. Jones transferred ownership of the paper to the newly established Houston Endowment Inc. Jones retained the title of publisher until his death in 1956. As such, it eschewed controversial political topics, such as integration or the impacts of economic growth on life in the city
46.
Time (magazine)
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Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
47.
Papa John's Pizza
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Papa Johns Pizza is an American restaurant company. It runs the third largest take-out and pizza delivery restaurant chain in the world, with headquarters in Jeffersontown, Kentucky, a suburb of Louisville. The Papa Johns restaurant franchise was founded in 1983 when Papa John Schnatter knocked out a closet in the back of his fathers tavern, Micks Lounge, in Jeffersonville. He then sold his 1971 Camaro Z28 to purchase $1,600 worth of used pizza equipment and his pizzas proved so popular that one year later he was able to move into an adjoining space. In 2009, Schnatter got the Camaro back after offering a reward of $250,000 for the car. Papa Johns has over 4,700 establishments around the world, including around 3,500 in the U. S. in September 2012, Papa Johns Pizza opened its 4, 000th restaurant, in New Hyde Park, New York. The company celebrated the event by giving away 4,000 free pizzas to customers throughout New York City, Papa Johns primarily takes carryout and delivery orders, although some stores have tables and chairs for dining in. Franchise stores owners pay a royalty fee 5% of net sales to Papa Johns International, corporate operations look over franchisees to ensure brand consistency. As of January 2016, there are over 4,700 Papa Johns restaurants worldwide, including locations in all 50 U. S. states, Papa Johns International is a publicly traded company, with 25% of its shares owned by John Schnatter. In January 2002, Papa Johns became the first national chain to make online ordering available to all of its U. S. customers. Most other national chains subsequently added online ordering to their services, on July 10,2004, Papa Johns controlled an estimated 6.6 percent of the market, according to Technomic. In February 2017, it was reported by the Associated Press that the company is testing a Papa Priority $2.99 fee that lets people jump to the head of the line for their pizza order, Papa Johns has operated in the United Kingdom since 2001. In July 2015 the company had 300 shops in the UK with plans for between 400 and 500 within 5 years, Papa Johns currently operates throughout Ireland with its head office at Ballybrit, County Galway. The company has over 50 locations and operates mobile units around the country, the franchises are often located adjacent to Supermacs fast food outlets. All the Papa Johns restaurants in Portugal are now closed or have changed names, some of these locations still serve pizza, though the master-franchise Rest-Smart filed for bankruptcy. On March 30,2006, Six Flags announced that its parks pizza would exclusively be from Papa Johns, in turn, Six Flags received an annual sponsorship and promotional opportunities from Papa Johns. Papa Johns is also the official supplier of the Olympic Speedskating Oval in Calgary, Alberta. In 2010, Papa Johns signed an agreement to be the Official Pizza Sponsor of the National Football League and Super Bowls XLV, XLVI, in 2011, Papa Johns became the official Pizza Sponsor of the NFL in Canada, Mexico and the United Kingdom
48.
Burger King
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Burger King is an American global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. Headquartered in the area of Miami-Dade County, Florida, the company was founded in 1953 as InstaBurger King. After Insta-Burger King ran into difficulties in 1954, its two Miami-based franchisees David Edgerton and James McLamore purchased the company and renamed it Burger King. In late 2010, 3G Capital of Brazil acquired a majority stake in the company, the new owners promptly initiated a restructuring of the company to reverse its fortunes. The 1970s were the Golden Age of the advertising, but beginning in the early-1980s. A series of less successful advertising campaigns created by a procession of advertising agencies continued for the two decades. While highly successful, some of CP+Bs commercials were derided for perceived sexism or cultural insensitivity, Burger Kings menu has expanded from a basic offering of burgers, French fries, sodas, and milkshakes to a larger and more diverse set of products. In 1957, the Whopper became the first major addition to the menu, conversely, BK has introduced many products, which failed to catch hold in the marketplace. Some of these failures in the United States have seen success in foreign markets, from 2002 to 2010, Burger King aggressively targeted the 18–34 male demographic with larger products that often carried correspondingly large amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats. This tactic would eventually damage the financial underpinnings, and cast a negative pall on its earnings. As of December 31,2016, Burger King reported it had 15,738 outlets in 100 countries. Of these,47. 5% are in the United States and 99. 5% are privately owned and operated, BK has historically used several variations of franchising to expand its operations. Burger Kings relationship with its franchises has not always been harmonious, occasional spats between the two have caused numerous issues, and in several instances, the companys and its licensees relations have degenerated into precedent-setting court cases. Burger Kings Australian franchise Hungry Jacks is the franchise to operate under a different name, due to a trademark dispute. The predecessor to Burger King was founded in 1953 in Jacksonville, Florida and their production model was based on one of the machines they had acquired, an oven called the Insta-Broiler. This strategy proved to be so successful that later required all of their franchises to use the device. After the company faltered in 1959, it was purchased by its Miami, Florida, franchisees, James McLamore and they initiated a corporate restructuring of the chain, first renaming the company Burger King. They ran the company as an independent entity for eight years, pillsburys management tried several times to restructure Burger King during the late 1970s and the early 1980s
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