Peter Valentinovich Turchin is a Russian-American scientist who specializes in an area of study he and his colleagues developed called cliodynamics—mathematical modeling and statistical analysis of th
Clio—detail from The Allegory of Painting by Johannes Vermeer
Societal collapse is the fall of a complex human society characterized by the loss of cultural identity and of social complexity as an adaptive system, the downfall of government, and the rise of viol
Destruction, from The Course of Empire by Thomas Cole (1836)
Desolation, from The Course of Empire by Thomas Cole (1836)
The Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648 devastated much of Europe and was one of the many political upheavals during the General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century, which is causally linked to the Little Ice Age.
The Russian famine of 1921–1922 occurred as a result of drought and the ongoing Russian Civil War