1.
Sydney
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Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first British settlers, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural. As at June 2016 Sydneys estimated population was 5,005,358, in the 2011 census,34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home and it is classified as an Alpha+ World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has a market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing. Its gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia, there is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as one of Asia Pacifics leading financial hubs. Its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, man-made attractions such as the Sydney Opera House, Sydney Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are also well known to international visitors. The first people to inhabit the now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area from around 30,735 years ago, the earliest British settlers called them Eora people. Eora is the term the indigenous used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is from this place, prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan, the principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells. Development has destroyed much of the citys history including that of the first inhabitants, there continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The first meeting between the people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors, Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement
2.
Order of Australia
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Before the establishment of the order, Australian citizens received British honours. The Queen of Australia is Sovereign Head of the Order, while the Governor-General is Principal Companion/Dame/Knight, the Governor-Generals Official Secretary is Secretary of the Order. The order is divided into a general and a military division, honorary awards at all levels may be made to deserving non-citizens – these awards are made additional to the quotas. The badge of the Order of Australia is a convex disc representing the Golden Wattle flower, at the centre is a ring, representing the sea, with the word Australia below two branches of golden wattle. The whole disc is topped by the Crown of St Edward, the AC badge is decorated with citrines, blue enamelled ring and enamelled crown. The AO badge is similar, without the citrines, for the AM badge only the crown is enamelled, and the OAM badge is plain. The AK/AD badge is similar to that of the AC badge, the star for knights and dames is a convex golden disc decorated with citrines, with a blue royally crowned inner disc bearing an image of the coat of arms of Australia. The ribbon of the order is blue with a stripe of golden wattle flower designs. AKs, male ACs and AOs wear their badges on a necklet, women usually wear their badges on a bow on the left shoulder, although they may wear the same insignia as males, if so desired. The orders insignia were designed by Stuart Devlin, the Order currently consists of four levels and the medal, in both general and military divisions. Since 2015, the level has been discontinued. Awards of Knight and Dame of the Order have been made in the division only. Military Division – Not awarded in the military division. There was a quota of four per year, excluding honorary appointments, the Knight- and Damehoods were conferred between 1976 and 1983, and again from 2014 till 2015. Although this level is not awarded anymore, several knight and dames of the Order are still alive, Companion General Division – Eminent achievement and merit of the highest degree in service to Australia or to humanity at large. Military Division – Eminent service in duties of great responsibility. Excluding honorary appointments, until 2003, no more than 25 Companions were appointed in any calendar year, in 2003 this was increased to 30. This was increased in 2016 to 35, Officer General Division – Distinguished service of a high degree to Australia or to humanity at large. Military Division – Distinguished service in responsible positions. Prior to 2003, the quota was 100 Officers appointed in any calendar year, in 2003 this was increased to 125. This was increased in 2016 to 140, Member General Division – Service in a particular locality or field of activity or to a particular group. Military Division – Exceptional service or performance of duty
3.
Australian New Wave
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The Australian New Wave was an era of resurgence in worldwide popularity of Australian cinema, particularly in the United States. It began in the early 1970s and lasted until the mid-late 1980s, the era marked the emergence of Ozploitation, a film genre characterised by the exploitation of colloquial Australian culture. The Australian film industry declined after World War II, coming to a stop by the early 1960s. The Gorton and Whitlam Governments intervened and rescued the industry from its expected oblivion, the 1970s saw a huge renaissance of the Australian film industry. Australia produced nearly 400 films between 1970 and 1985, more than had been made in the history of the Australian film industry. In contrast to pre-New Wave films, New Wave films are viewed as fresh and creative, possessing a vitality, a love of open spaces. The straight-ahead narrative style of many Australian New Wave films reminded American audiences of the Hollywood-maverick period of the late 1960s, several films of the Australian New Wave are regarded as classics of world cinema and have been ranked among films considered the best. Published in 2004, The New York Times Guide to the Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made includes Walkabout, Mad Max, Breaker Morant, Gallipoli, The Road Warrior, The Year of Living Dangerously and Dead Calm. In 2008, Empire magazine chose The Road Warrior and The Year of Living Dangerously as two of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time, ranking in at #280 and #161 respectively. The 2011 book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die features Walkabout, Picnic at Hanging Rock, The Last Wave, The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith, My Brilliant Career, Mad Max and Gallipoli. Since its re-release in 2009, Wake in Fright has been assessed as one of, if not the greatest, many Australian filmmakers and actors launched international careers through their work in the Australian New Wave. These films are noted for their celebration of Australian popular culture, camp aesthetic, colourful makeup and costuming, prominent glitter films include Strictly Ballroom, Muriels Wedding, The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert and Love Serenade. Other prominent post-new wave revival films include Babe, The Castle, Proof, Romper Stomper, Shine, The Big Steal, Rabbit-Proof Fence, and Kiss or Kill. Film Reference Encyclopedia - Australian New Wave, The Comedies New York Times - Australia Prides Its New Wave of Films article,15 February 1981
4.
Picnic at Hanging Rock (film)
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Picnic at Hanging Rock is a 1975 Australian mystery drama film directed by Peter Weir and starring Anne-Louise Lambert, Helen Morse, Rachel Roberts, Vivean Gray and Dominic Guard. The plot involves the disappearance of several schoolgirls and their teacher during a picnic at Hanging Rock, Victoria on Valentines Day in 1900, Picnic at Hanging Rock was a commercial and critical success. On September 6,2016, it was announced that Fremantle Media and pay-TV broadcaster Foxtel will be producing a miniseries based on the film. At Appleyard College, a private school, near the town of Woodend, Victoria, Australia. Miranda, Irma, Marion, Rosamund, waifish Sara, and outsider Edith read poetry, the group prepares for a picnic to a local geological formation known as Hanging Rock, accompanied by the mathematics mistress Miss Greta McCraw and the young and beautiful Mlle. de Poitiers. On the authority of the stern headmistress Mrs. Appleyard, jittery teacher Miss Lumley advises Sara that she is not allowed to attend, driven by buggy operator Ben Hussey, the party pass through and arrive at the Rock by mid-afternoon. After a meal, Mr. Hussey notes his watch has stopped at the stroke of twelve, with permission from Mlle. de Poitiers, Miranda, Marion and Irma decide to explore Hanging Rock and take measurements, with Edith allowed to follow. The group is observed several minutes later by a young Englishman, Michael Fitzhubert, who is lunching at the Rock with his uncle Colonel Fitzhubert, aunt Mrs. Fitzhubert, at the top of Hanging Rock, the group lies on the ground, apparently dazed by the sun. Miss McCraw, still at the base of the Rock, stares up, Miranda, Marion, and Irma awake and move, as if in a trance, into a recess in the rock face. Edith screams and flees down the Rock, the distraught and hysterical party eventually returns to the College, where Mlle. de Poitiers explains to Mrs. Appleyard that Miss McCraw has been left behind. Sara notes the absence of Miranda, and Mr. Hussy explains to Mrs. Appleyard that Miranda, Irma, Marion, a search party, led by Sgt. Bumpher and Constable Jones of the police, finds nothing. Michael Fitzhubert is questioned and reveals he watched the schoolgirls but can provide no clues as to their whereabouts, Michael becomes obsessed with finding Miranda, and, with Albert, he conducts another search of Hanging Rock. Despite Alberts protests, Michael decides to overnight and begins climbing again the next day. When Albert follows the markers, he finds a nearly delirious Michael, just before leaving on a buggy with a local doctor, Michael passes to Albert a fragment of lace from a dress. Albert returns to Hanging Rock and discovers Irma, unconscious but alive, the residents of Woodend become restless as news of the discovery spreads. At the Fitzhubert home, Irma is treated for dehydration and exposure, a servant notes that Irmas corset is missing but is advised by Mrs. Fitzhubert that it is not important. Michael befriends the recovered Irma but alienates her when he demands to know what happened on the Rock, Mrs. Appleyard advises Miss Lumley that several parents have withdrawn their children from the school
5.
The Last Wave
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The Last Wave is an Australian mystery drama film from 1977, directed by Peter Weir. Only the local Aboriginal people seem to recognize the significance of these weather phenomena. During one of these freak rainstorms in Sydney, an altercation occurs among a group of Aborigines in a pub, at the coroners inquest, the death is ruled a homicide, and four men are accused of murder. Through the Australian Legal Aid system, David Burton is procured for their defence, the circumstances by which he was contacted and retained are unusual, in that his law practice is corporate taxation and not criminal defense. He nonetheless takes on the case, and his professional and personal lives begin to unravel, plagued by bizarre dreams, Burton begins to sense an otherworldly connection to one of the accused. He also feels connected to the strange weather phenomena besetting the city. His dreams intensify along with his obsession with the murder case, learning more about Aboriginal practices and the concept of Dreamtime as a parallel world of existence, Burton comes to believe the strange weather bodes of a coming apocalypse. The film climaxes in a confrontation between the lawyer and the shaman in a subterranean sacred site. Overcoming the shaman, Burton escapes to the surface, but in the tunnel loses various tribal relics, after emerging from the sewer, he collapses on the beach and stares entranced at the horizon. The screen is filled by the shot of an ocean wave, though it remains unclear whether we are witnessing reality or sharing in Burtons final. Entered in the 6th Tehran International Film Festival in November 1977, finance was provided by the Australian Film Commission, the South Australian Film Corporation, Janus Films and United Artists. US based writer Petru Popescu worked on the script, Weir considered two Australian actors to play the lead but eventually decided to go with Richard Chamberlain. Filming started 24 February 1977 and took place in Adelaide and Sydney, the Last Wave was met with positive reviews from critics and audiences, earning an 87% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The film also holds an 85/100 on Metacritic, the Last Wave was not as popular as Picnic at Hanging Rock but still grossed $1,258,000 at the box office in Australia, which is equivalent to $5,786,800 in 2009 dollars. United Artists decided not to release the film in the US but it was picked up for by World Northal and distributed in the US as Black Rain
6.
Gallipoli (1981 film)
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They are sent to the peninsula of Gallipoli in the Ottoman Empire, where they take part in the Gallipoli Campaign. During the course of the movie, the young men slowly lose their innocence about the purpose of war, the climax of the movie occurs on the Anzac battlefield at Gallipoli and depicts the futile attack at the Battle of the Nek on 7 August 1915. It does, however, modify events for dramatic purposes and contains a number of significant historical inaccuracies and it followed the Australian New Wave war film Breaker Morant and preceded the 5-part TV series ANZACs, and The Lighthorsemen. The numerous running sequences in the film are set to Jean Michel Jarres Oxygène, in Western Australia, May 1915, Archy Hamilton, an 18-year-old stockman and prize-winning sprinter, longs to enlist in the Australian Imperial Force. He is trained by his uncle Jack and idolises Harry Lascelles, Archy wins a race with a bullying farmhand, Les McCann, Archy running bare-foot and Les riding his horse bareback. Frank Dunne is an unemployed labourer who has run out of money. Hes an accomplished sprinter and hopes to win the money at the athletics carnival. Archy and Uncle Jack journey to the athletics carnival, Frank is surprised when Archy defeats him, and is bitter at first and feels robbed of his bet. Eventually Frank approaches Archy in a cafe after getting over his loss, before leaving, Archy gives all the prize money he won at the race to Jack and tells him that he will not be coming home for he has decided to enlist. As Archy and Frank are penniless, they hop on a freight train, then walk across the desert. Upon arriving in Perth, they arrange to stay with Franks father, due to Franks Irish heritage and general cynicism, he has little desire to fight for the British Empire. However, Archy persuades him to try to enlist in the Light Horse, failing to ride a horse, Frank enlists in the infantry with three co-workers from the railway, Bill, Barney, and Snowy. Many of the motivations for enlistment are revealed, wartime ultra-nationalism, anti-German propaganda, a sense of adventure, all soldiers embark on a transport ship bound for Cairo. Frank and Archy are separated and embark on different troopships, some months later, Frank and his fellow soldiers train near the Pyramids and spend their free time in Cairo, drinking and visiting brothels. During a training exercise, Frank and Archy meet once again, Frank is able to transfer to the Light Horse, the soldiers arrive at Anzac Cove and endure several days of hardships and boredom in the trenches. Franks infantry friends fight in the Battle of Lone Pine on the 6 August. Afterwards, a traumatized Billy tells Frank what happened to the others, Barney has been shot and killed, and Snowy is in a hospital, but in such bad condition that he is denied food and water. The following morning, Archy and Frank are ordered to take part in the charge at the Nek, Archy is ordered by Major Barton to be the message runner
7.
The Year of Living Dangerously (film)
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The story is about a love affair set in Indonesia during the overthrow of President Sukarno. It follows a group of correspondents in Jakarta on the eve of an attempted coup by the 30 September Movement in 1965. The film stars Mel Gibson as an Australian journalist, and Sigourney Weaver as a British Embassy officer and it also stars Linda Hunt as the male dwarf Billy Kwan, Hamiltons local photographer contact, a role for which Hunt won the 1983 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. The film was shot in both Australia and the Philippines and includes Australian actors Bill Kerr as Colonel Henderson and Noel Ferrier as Wally OSullivan and it was banned from being shown in Indonesia until 1999, after the forced resignation of coup-leader and political successor Suharto in 1998. The title The Year of Living Dangerously is a quote which refers to a famous Italian phrase used by Sukarno, vivere pericolosamente, Sukarno used the line for the title of his Indonesian Independence Day speech of 1964. Guy Hamilton, a foreign correspondent for an Australian network. Hamilton is initially unsuccessful because his predecessor, tired of life in Indonesia, had departed without introducing Hamilton to his contacts. He receives limited sympathy from the journalist community, which competes for scraps of information from Sukarnos government, the Communist Party of Indonesia, however, Kwan takes a liking to Hamilton and arranges interviews for him with key political figures. Kwan introduces Hamilton to Jill Bryant, a young assistant at the British embassy. Kwan and Bryant are close friends, and he manipulates her encounters with Hamilton. After resisting Hamilton because shes returning to the United Kingdom, Bryant falls in love with him. Shocked, Kwan and Bryant withdraw their friendship from Hamilton, and he is left with the American journalist Pete Curtis, and his own assistant and driver Kumar, Kumar, however, remains loyal to Hamilton and tries to open his eyes to all that is going on. His death is witnessed by Jill. Still in search of the big story, Hamilton visits the Presidential palace after the generals have taken over and unleashed executions. Struck down by an Army officer, Hamilton suffers a detached retina, resting alone in Kwans bungalow, Hamilton recalls a passage from the Bhagavad Gita which Billy told him. Kumar visits him and tells him about the coup attempt. Risking permanent damage to his eye, a heavily bandaged Hamilton implores Kumar to drive him to the airport, a number of filmmakers were interested in buying the rights to Christopher Kochs novel including Phillip Noyce. It was Peter Weir who was successful, Koch wrote an early draft but Weir was unhappy with it
8.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
9.
Witness (1985 film)
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Witness is a 1985 American crime thriller film directed by Peter Weir and starring Harrison Ford and Kelly McGillis. The screenplay by William Kelley, Pamela Wallace, and Earl W. Wallace focuses on a detective protecting a young Amish boy who becomes a target after he witnesses a murder in Philadelphia. The film was nominated for eight Academy Awards and won two, for Best Original Screenplay and Best Film Editing and it was also nominated for seven BAFTA Awards, winning one for Maurice Jarres score, and was also nominated for six Golden Globe Awards. In 1984, in a Pennsylvania countryside, an Amish community attends the funeral of Jacob Lapp, who leaves behind a widow Rachel, in her grief, she and Samuel travel by train to visit Rachels sister, which takes them into the city of Philadelphia. Samuel is amazed by the sights in the big city, detective John Book is assigned to the case and he and his partner, Sergeant Elton Carter, question Samuel. It turns out the victim was a police officer. Samuel is unable to identify the lone perpetrator whose face he saw in the bathroom from a number of mug shots or a police lineup. However, as Samuel walks around the station, he notices a newspaper clipping in a display case in which narcotics officer James McFee is honored for his exemplary service in the line of duty. Book sees Samuel point to the picture and quickly covers over his hand, John remembers that McFee was previously responsible for a drug raid on expensive chemicals used to make amphetamines, but the evidence had mysteriously disappeared. John confides his suspicions to his officer, Chief Paul Schaeffer. But John is later ambushed in a garage and badly wounded by McFee. Since only Schaeffer knew of Johns suspicions, John realizes Schaeffer must have tipped off McFee, John calls Carter and orders him to remove the Lapp file from the records. He then hides his car and uses his sisters car to return Rachel and Samuel to Lancaster County, while attempting to return to the city, John passes out in the vehicle in front of their farm. Rachel argues that taking John to a hospital would allow the police officers to find him while putting Samuel in danger. Her father-in-law Eli reluctantly agrees to him, despite his distrust for the gun-carrying outsider. John slowly recovers in their care, and begins to develop feelings for Rachel, the Lapps neighbor Daniel Hochleitner had hoped to court her, and this becomes a cause of friction. Later Rachel and John are caught dancing, and Eli takes her aside, Johns relationship with the Amish community grows as they learn he is skilled at carpentry. He is invited to participate in a barn raising for a married couple
10.
Dead Poets Society
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Dead Poets Society is a 1989 American drama film directed by Peter Weir, written by Tom Schulman, and starring Robin Williams. Set in 1959 at the fictional elite conservative Vermont boarding school Welton Academy, the film received critical acclaim and was a box office success. It won the BAFTA Award for Best Film, and César Award, Schulman received an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for his work. In the autumn of 1959, shy Todd Anderson begins his senior year of school at Welton Academy. His methods attract the attention of strict headmaster Gale Nolan, as the school year progresses, Keatings lessons and their involvement with the club encourage them to live their lives on their own terms. Knox pursues Chris Noel, a girl who is dating a football player from a public school, Neil discovers his love of acting and gets the lead in a local production of A Midsummer Nights Dream, despite the fact that his domineering father wants him in the Ivy League. Keating helps Todd come out of his shell and realize his potential when he takes him through an exercise in self-expression, however, Charlie takes things too far when he publishes an article in the school newspaper in the clubs name demanding that girls be admitted to Welton. Nolan uses corporal punishment to coerce Charlie into revealing who else is in the Dead Poets Society, Nolan also speaks with Keating, warning him that he should discourage his students from questioning authority. Neils father discovers Neils involvement in the play and forces him to quit on the eve of the opening performance, devastated, Neil goes to Keating, who advises him to stand his ground and prove to his father that his love of acting is something he takes seriously. Neils father unexpectedly shows up at the performance and he takes Neil home and says he has been withdrawn from Welton, only to be enrolled in a military academy to prepare him for Harvard. Unable to find the courage to stand up to his father, Nolan investigates Neils death at the request of the Perry family. Richard blames Neils death on Keating to escape punishment for his own participation in the Dead Poets Society, confronted by Charlie, Richard urges the rest of them to let Keating take the fall. Charlie punches Richard and is expelled, each of the boys is called to Nolans office to sign a letter attesting to the truth of Richards allegations, even though they know they are false. When Todds turn comes, he is reluctant to sign, Keating is fired and Nolan takes over teaching the class. Todd stands on his desk and salutes Keating with the words O Captain, knox, Gerard, Steven, and over half of the class do the same, ignoring Nolans orders to sit down. Keating is deeply touched by their gesture and realizes his teaching has made a lasting impact and he thanks the boys and departs. The script was written by Tom Schulman, based on his experiences at the Montgomery Bell Academy in Nashville, Tennessee, particularly with his inspirational teacher Samuel Pickering. A scene in the original script showing Keating dying in a hospital was removed by film director Peter Weir, filming took place at St. Andrews School in Middletown, Delaware, and at locations in New Castle, Delaware and in nearby Wilmington, Delaware
11.
Green Card (film)
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Green Card is a 1991 romantic film written, produced, directed by Peter Weir and starring Gérard Depardieu and Andie MacDowell. The screenplay focuses on an American woman who enters into a marriage of convenience with a Frenchman so he can obtain a green card, Depardieu won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. The film won the Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, Brontë Parrish, a horticulturalist and an environmentalist, enters into a sham marriage with Georges Fauré, an illegal alien from France, so he may obtain a green card. In turn, Brontë uses her fake marriage credentials to rent the apartment of her dreams, after moving in, to explain her spouses absence, she tells the doorman and neighbors he is conducting musical research in Africa. Contacted by the Immigration and Naturalization Service for an interview to determine if her marriage is legitimate, Brontë tracks down Georges, Although the two have little time to get their facts straight, the agents who question them appear to be satisfied with their answers. Advised by her attorney she could face charges if their deception is uncovered. They try to learn each others past and their quirks and habits. Brontës best friend Lauren Adlers parents plan to leave New York City and may donate their trees and plants to the Green Guerrillas, Brontë is invited to a dinner party to discuss the issue and discovers Georges is there, having been asked by Lauren. He so impresses the Adlers with a piano piece set to a poem about children. When Brontës parents later arrive at the apartment for an unannounced visit, when Brontës boyfriend Phil returns from a trip, Georges reveals he is her husband. Brontë angrily kicks Georges out, but the pair nonetheless appear at the interview the next day. The two are questioned separately, and when Georges is caught out by the interviewer, he confesses the marriage is a sham and he agrees to deportation but insists Brontë not be charged for her role in the charade. He lets Brontë believe the interview was a success and the two go their separate ways, a few days later, Georges invites Brontë to join him at the cafe where they first met. When she notices one of the agents is seated nearby, she realizes Georges is being deported. Georges promises to write every day asking the same question When are you coming, a line he had also used when describing their fabricated courtship to the INS. Then, Georges is deported back to France, just as they have admitted their love for each other, partial funding for the film was provided by the Film Finance Corporation Australia and Union Générale Cinématographique. This was $3.8 million from the FFC and it should also be noted that this film is almost identical in plot to a Michel Brault film, Les Noces de Papier, released in 1989. Green Card, Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on January 22,1991 on Varèse Sarabande, mr. Depardieu, in the role that gets him into a New York Yankees cap, proves that he is nothing if not a sport
12.
The Truman Show
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The Truman Show is a 1998 American satirical comedy-drama film directed by Peter Weir, produced by Scott Rudin, Andrew Niccol, Edward S. Feldman, and Adam Schroeder, and written by Niccol. The Truman Show was originally a spec script by Niccol, inspired by an episode of The Twilight Zone called Special Service, unlike the finished product, it was more of a science-fiction thriller, with the story set in New York City. Scott Rudin purchased the script, and set up production at Paramount Pictures, brian De Palma was to direct before Weir signed as director, making the film for $60 million—$20 million less than the original estimate. Niccol rewrote the script while the crew was waiting for Carrey to sign, the majority of filming took place at Seaside, Florida, a master-planned community located in the Florida Panhandle. The Truman Show has been analyzed as a thesis on Christianity, metaphilosophy, simulated reality, existentialism, all of Seahavens residents are actors. Creator and executive producer Christof wants to capture Trumans real emotion, despite Christofs control, Truman manages to act in unexpected ways. During his college years, Truman was set to fall in love and marry co-student Meryl, but fell in love with another actress, Sylvia. Sylvia managed to bring Truman out of the sight of cameras long enough to him that his reality is fake before she was taken away and off-set. While Truman went on to marry Meryl, he continues to fantasize about Sylvia, using scraps from magazines to recreate her face in secret, outside of the show, Sylvia has become part of a Free Truman campaign that demands the end of the show. The film begins during the year of the show. During the day, Truman notices strange occurrences that all seem centered on him, Truman spots a disheveled man and recognizes him as his father, who had snuck back into the set, but the actors quickly drag the man away. Despite efforts by Meryl and Trumans best friend Marlon to reassure Truman, Truman becomes even more suspicious about his life, one day, he takes Meryl by surprise by going on an impromptu road trip, but their way is blocked by apparent emergencies created by Christof. Meryl begins to break down from the stress, and during an argument with Truman, Truman, depressed and confused, is consoled by Marlon, and Christof uses the opportunity to re-introduce Trumans father to the show proper, hoping to bring Truman back to some emotional stability. Truman seems to recover, but the day, the producers find Truman sleeping in his basement. Marlon is sent to check on Truman, only to find he has disappeared through a makeshift tunnel, Marlon breaks character, and Christof orders the first transmission cut of the shows history while a city-wide search for Truman is launched. Audiences around the world are drawn to this sudden change, Truman is found sailing out of Seahaven, having conquered his fear of water, and Christof resumes the broadcast as he sends a man-made lightning storm to try to capsize the boat. Network executives fear that Truman may die on live television, realizing he cannot dissuade Truman any further, Christof ends the storm. Truman continues to sail until his boat punctures the wall of the dome, to his surprise, Truman considers this, then states, In case I dont see you
13.
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World
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Master and Commander, The Far Side of the World is a 2003 American epic historical war-drama film written, produced and directed by Peter Weir, set in the Napoleonic Wars. The films plot and characters are adapted from three novels in author Patrick OBrians Aubrey–Maturin series, which includes 20 completed novels of Jack Aubreys naval career, the film stars Russell Crowe as Jack Aubrey, captain in the Royal Navy, and Paul Bettany as Dr. Stephen Maturin. The film, which cost $150 million to make, was a co-production of 20th Century Fox, Miramax Films, Universal Pictures, and Samuel Goldwyn Films, the film grossed $212 million worldwide. The film received acclaim upon release. At the 76th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for 10 Oscars and it won in two categories, Best Cinematography and Best Sound Editing and lost in all other categories to The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King. In May 1805, during the Napoleonic Wars, Captain Jack Aubrey of HMS Surprise is ordered to pursue the French privateer Acheron, the British warship is ambushed by Acheron, Surprise is heavily damaged, while its own cannon fire does not penetrate the enemy ships hull. Using smaller boats, the crew of Surprise tow the ship into a fog bank, meanwhile, Aubrey learns from a crewman who saw Acheron being built that it is heavier as well as faster than Surprise. The senior officers conclude that the Surprise is no match for Acheron, Aubrey, however, notes that the Acheron could tip the balance of power in Napoleons favour if allowed to plunder the British whaling fleet at will. He orders the mission resumed and the Surprise refitted at sea, shortly afterwards, Acheron again ambushes Surprise, but Aubrey slips away in the night by using a clever decoy buoy and ships lamps. Following the privateer south, Surprise rounds Cape Horn and heads to the Galapagos Islands, the ships doctor, Maturin, is interested in the islands unique flora and fauna, and Aubrey promises his friend several days exploration time. When Surprise reaches the Galapagos, however, they recover the survivors of a ship destroyed by Acheron. Realizing the ship is close, Aubrey hastily pursues the privateer, Maturin feels that Aubrey is going back on his word, and is following Acheron more out of pride rather than duty. Aubrey flatly rejects these accusations, however, he concedes to Maturin that he has exceeded his orders in this mission. Still in pursuit, Surprise is stranded without wind for several days, due to the extreme heat, lack of rain and overconsumption of grog, the crew becomes restless and disorderly. Midshipman Hollum, already unpopular with the crew, is named a Jonah, as the tension rises, crew member Nagel refuses to salute Hollum on the deck, and is flogged for his insubordination. That night, Hollum experiences a breakdown, convinced he is cursed. The next morning, Aubrey holds a service, asking on behalf of the crew for God, the wind picks up again, and Surprise resumes the chase. The next day, Marine officer Captain Howard attempts to shoot an albatross, the surgeons mate informs Aubrey that the bullet and a piece of cloth it took with it must be removed soon, otherwise they will fester
14.
The Way Back
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The Way Back is a 2010 survival drama film directed by Peter Weir, from a screenplay by Weir and Keith Clarke. The film is inspired by The Long Walk, the memoir by former Polish prisoner of war Sławomir Rawicz, the film stars Jim Sturgess, Colin Farrell, Ed Harris, and Saoirse Ronan, with Alexandru Potocean, Sebastian Urzendowsky, Gustaf Skarsgård, Dragoş Bucur and Mark Strong. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Makeup, during World War II, after the Soviet invasion of Poland, young Polish army officer Janusz Wieszczek is held as a POW and interrogated by the NKVD. The Soviets, unable to get him to say he is a spy, take his wife into custody and he is sentenced to 20 years in a Gulag labour camp deep in Siberia. There he meets those with whom he plans an escape, Mr. Khabarov secretly tells Janusz that he is planning to escape south to Mongolia. Smith cautions Janusz that it is Khabarovs way to discuss plans with newcomers, to maintain his morale. At times Janusz seems to hallucinate the front door of a home and adjoining window ledge, which holds plants. Janusz follows through with the escape with Smith, Valka, Voss, Tomasz, Zoran, Kazik freezes to death the second night of the trek, after losing his way back to the campsite while looking for wood, and the group buries him. After many days of travelling across the snows of Siberia, the group reaches Lake Baikal. There they meet Irena, a young Polish girl, who tells them that Russian soldiers murdered her parents and sent her to a farm near Warsaw. When the group reaches an unpatrolled border between the Soviet Union and Mongolia, Valka, who idolizes Joseph Stalin and does not know what he would do elsewhere, the rest continue to Ulan Bator, but soon they see images of Stalin and a red star. Janusz realises that Mongolia is under communist control and since China is at war with Japan, as they continue south across the Gobi Desert, lack of water, sandstorms, sunburn, blisters and sunstroke weaken the group. Irena collapses several times and soon dies, a few days later Tomasz collapses and dies. Smith is on the verge of death, but after being motivated by Janusz, Zoran and Voss, decides to rejoin the group, soon after they reach China passing through the Great Wall. As they reach the Himalayas, all of them on the verge of death, Smith decides to go to Lhasa with the help of one of the monks contacts, who will smuggle him out through China. Once there, he anticipates he will be able to connect with the US military, the remaining three continue to trek through the Himalayas and soon reach India. At the end of the film, Janusz keeps walking around the world until 1989, Jim Sturgess as Janusz Wieszczek, a young Polish inmate made a Prisoner of War during the Soviet invasion of Poland Ed Harris as Mr. The book sold over 500,000 copies and is credited with inspiring many explorers, in 2006 the BBC unearthed records which showed that, rather than having escaped from the gulag, he had in fact been released by the USSR in 1942
15.
Scots College (Sydney)
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The Scots College is an independent Presbyterian day and boarding school for boys, located in Bellevue Hill, an eastern suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Students attend Scots from all regions of the metropolitan area. The college was formed in 1893 by three men, the Reverend Dr Archibald Gilchrist, the Reverend William Dill-Macky and the Reverend Arthur Aspinall. Gilchrist devised the motto of Utinam Patribus Nostris Digni Simus. The Reverend Arthur Aspinall, who became the first Principal, was minister to the Forbes Parish from 1874 to 1887, an educated man himself, with a love of learning, he saw the need to educate the sons of the pastoralists of the area. His dream was for a school in Sydney to which these very isolated farming families could send their children. The Presbyterian Church was not happy with the proposal to start the school, Aspinall became the guarantor, advancing the capital required, while the possibility of starting the school was still a matter of bitter contention within the Church hierarchy. Thus Scots opened as a private enterprise, once the school was established and functioning, the Church Assembly saw no reason to continue to oppose the idea of the school. In 1906 Aspinall sold the college to the Church for seven thousand pounds, the college was originally established at Lady Robinson Beach, now renamed Brighton-Le-Sands, near the shores of Botany Bay. The initial school building was the modified, de-licensed New Brighton Hotel on The Grand Parade, the renovations to the hotel were done by Arthur Aspinalls brother, Albert Aspinall. The first Principal, the Rev Arthur Aspinall, remained in position until his retirement in 1913. The school was officially opened 28 January 1893 by the Governor of New South Wales, villiers Street, Rockdale was named in honour of this occasion. There were ten day students and 25 Boarders, the period when the school opened was a time of depression. The first few years for the school were difficult, there were 55 boys enrolled at the school when, in 1895, the school moved to its current location in Bellevue Hill. The school occupied St Killians, the home of Judge Josephson. Before he retired, Aspinall had added new buildings to the school, the school was still surrounded by many areas of bushland which caught fire on hot summer days. Lessons would be cancelled so that the students could assist in the fire fighting, Aspinall was a stern Principal who dealt harshly with misdemeanours. Often his acerbic tongue and brilliant use of words produced ridicule more intimidating than any of his physical punishments, but he was also capable of empathy
16.
Vaucluse High School
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Vaucluse High School, known from 1960-1981 as Vaucluse Boys High School, is a former high school in the eastern Sydney suburb of Vaucluse, New South Wales, Australia. It was merged in 2006 with Dover Heights Boys High School to form Rose Bay Secondary College, harold Wyndham, and the Minister for Education, The Hon. Ernest Wetherell. The school won the Hume Barbour Trophy for debating in 1964,1965 and 1968, the first Principal was H. Keith Harris, who led the school from its founding to his retirement in 1971. The last Principal of Vaucluse High was David Tomlin who remained at the school until its closure in 2006, the school became co-educational in January 1982. It was declared in 2005 that Vaucluse High and the nearby Dover Heights High would be merged to form Rose Bay Secondary College and it was also decided that the Vaucluse High site would be closed and the college would be based on the Dover Heights site instead. The land on which Vaucluse High School stands was sold for an undisclosed, large, a Development Application was filed with Woollahra Council to convert the site into a retirement/nursing home. In 2010, a fire was lit in the Hall which was subsequently torn down, along with the Canteen, change rooms. Robert Goot AM SC, practising barrister and prominent member of the NSW Jewish community, peter Weir AM, Australian film director. Henry Tsang OAM, architect, politician and former member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, steve Finnane, Australian rugby union International. Stephen Rothman - judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales Alexander Jacob Gutman, Australian comedian George Smilovici, Australian comedian Mark McInnes ex CEO of David Jones Kurma Dasa, Chef and Author Eric Roozendaal former NSW treasurer Gerry Sont Australian actor
17.
University of Sydney
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The University of Sydney is an Australian public research university in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1850, it is Australias first university and is regarded as one of the leading universities. The university comprises 16 faculties and schools, through which it offers bachelor, master, in 2011 it had 32,393 undergraduate and 16,627 graduate students. The university is known as one of Australias sandstone universities. Five Nobel and two Crafoord laureates have been affiliated with the university as graduates and faculty, the university has educated six prime ministers and 24 justices of the High Court of Australia, including four chief justices. Sydney has produced 24 Rhodes Scholars and several Gates Scholars and it would take two attempts on Wentworths behalf, however, before the plan was finally adopted. The university was established via the passage of the University of Sydney Act, two years later, the university was inaugurated on 11 October 1852 in the Big Schoolroom of what is now Sydney Grammar School. The first principal was John Woolley, the first professor of chemistry, by 1859, the university had moved to its current site in the Sydney suburb of Camperdown. Most of the estate of John Henry Challis was bequeathed to the university and this was thanks in part due to William Montagu Manning who argued against the claims by British Tax Commissioners. The following year seven professorships were created, anatomy, zoology, engineering, history, law, logic and mental philosophy, the New England University College was founded as part of the University of Sydney in 1938 and later separated in 1954 to become the University of New England. During the late 1960s, the University of Sydney was at the centre of rows to introduce courses on Marxism and feminism at the major Australian universities, prior to 1981, the Sydney Institute of Education was the Sydney Teachers College. In January 2005, the University of Sydney transferred the OAC to Charles Sturt University, in February 2007, the university agreed to acquire a portion of the land granted to St Johns College to develop the Sydney Institute of Health and Medical Research. This caused concern among some groups, who argued that it would interfere with scientific medical research, at the start of 2010, the university controversially adopted a new logo. It retains the same university arms, however it takes on a modern look. The original Coat of Arms from 1857 continues to be used for ceremonial and other formal purposes, concerns about public funding for higher education were reflected again in 2014 following the federal governments proposal to deregulate student fees. In order to enhance its competitiveness locally and internationally, the university has introduced plans to consolidate existing degrees to reduce the overall number of programs. In 2001, the University of Sydney chancellor, Dame Leonie Kramer, was forced to resign by the governing body. In 2005, the Public Service Association of New South Wales, action initiated by Spence to improve the financial sustainability of the university has alienated some students and staff
18.
Phillip Noyce
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Phillip Noyce is an Australian film director. After graduating from Sydney University, he joined the Australian Film, Television and Radio School in 1973, many of his films feature espionage, as Noyce grew up listening to his fathers stories of serving with the Australian Commando unit Z Force during World War II. Noyce worked on two miniseries for Australian television with fellow Australian filmmaker George Miller, The Dismissal and The Cowra Breakout, Miller also produced the film that brought Noyce to the attention of Hollywood studios – Dead Calm which launched the career of Nicole Kidman. Although independently financed, the film was a hit with Australian audiences. In Spring 2011, Noyce directed and executive produced the pilot for the ABC series Revenge, in 2013, Noyce directed and executive produced the NBC pilot Crisis, which went to series. Later that year, he returned to South Africa to film The Giver, starring Jeff Bridges, Meryl Streep, and Brenton Thwaites, which opened in the US on August 15,2014 from The Weinstein Company. In 2015, Noyce directed the first night of the Emmy nominated miniseries Roots followed in 2016 by the feature Blood Mountain, starring Emilia Clarke, Noyce was an avid supporter of the Labor government of Gough Whitlam. He was married to film producer Jan Chapman 1971–1977, from 1979 to 2004 he was married to producer Jan Sharp, with whom he has two children. He is now married to designer Vuyo Dyasi, with whom he has two children, a son, Luvuyo and a daughter, Ayanda, Phillip Noyce Biography from Leonard Maltins Movie Encyclopedia, imdb. com. Brian McFarlane, Geoff Mayer, Ina Bertrand, the Oxford companion to Australian film. Melbourne, Australia, New York, Oxford University Press, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Petzke, Ingo, Backroads To Hollywood – Phillip Noyce. Great Directors – Phillip Noyce Senses of Cinema, contemporary North American Film Directors, A Wallflower Critical Guide By Yoram Allon, Hannah Patterson, Del Cullen. Entry on Phillip Noyce Look inside at Google Book search Phillip Noyce at the Internet Movie Database
19.
ATN
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ATN is the Sydney flagship television station of the Seven Network in Australia. The licence, issued to a company named Amalgamated Television Services and it began broadcasting on 2 December 1956. The station formed an affiliation with GTV-9 Melbourne in 1957, in order to share content, in 1963, Frank Packer ended up owning both GTV-9 and TCN-9, so as a result the stations switched their previous affiliations. ATN-7 and HSV-7 joined to create the Australian Television Network, which became the Seven Network. ATN-7 is the home of the national level Seven News bulletins, the station opened in 1956 with principal offices and studios located at Mobbs Lane, Epping. The initial black and white cameras and other equipment was supplied by the Marconi Company of England, conversion to PAL colour occurred on 1 March 1975. Digital DVB-T commenced on 1 January 2001, the initial transmission tower in 1956 was located near the ABC tower at Gore Hill, Sydney. This was eventually demolished after ATN was invited to share a new site at Artarmon which was built by a new 3rd, aTN-7 commenced digital television transmission in January 2001, broadcasting on VHF Channel 6 while maintaining analogue transmission on VHF Channel 7. ATNs Sydney transmissions - both DVB-T terrestrial digital PAL - are broadcast from masts operated by Transmitters Australia at Artarmon and/or Willoughby. Retransmission translators to UHF channels service Sydney viewers from Kings Cross and North Head at Manly and north of Sydney at Bouddi, Gosford, the on-air programs are sent by digital link from the Seven Networks national program play-out centre at Docklands in Melbourne. All Saints, Terry Willesee Tonight and Home and Away, News and live telecast programs are filmed and broadcast from the Martin Place studios. The Epping studios closed in early 2010 when new studio facilities serviced by Global Television, visiting commentators from the United States organised for ATN staff to supply the camera and transmission systems for CBS coverage of NASCAR races. A variant of RaceCam was also developed for yachts in the Americas Cup off the coast of Fremantle, Western Australia, in 1985. Later in the mid-1980s, the American Broadcasting Company asked ATN staff to develop aerofoil-designed cameras suitable for Formula One cars, comprising 3,000 square metres, viewers and tourists can see programs being broadcast from the street level studio. The network claims that the Martin Place facilities are one of the most technologically advanced digital television centres in the world and this meant that guests could watch outside the studio as the eliminations were being carried out live. Notable guests included contestants from previous seasons, Seven News Sydney is presented from the networks national television studios at Martin Place, by Mark Ferguson from Sunday to Thursday and Michael Usher on Friday & Saturday. Mel McLaughlin and David Brown present weeknight sport and weather, while Jim Wilson and Angie Asimus present weekend sport and weather. News updates for Sydney are presented throughout the afternoon and the evenings, with updates during the night being shown nationally, they can be seen on Seven, 7TWO
20.
Commonwealth Film Unit
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Film Australia was a company established by the Government of Australia to produce films about Australia. The agency consolidated operations into Screen Australia in 2008, administration of the Film Australia Collection was transferred from Screen Australia to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia on 1 July 2011. In 1945, the Australian National Film Board was established to produce documentary films, in 1956, the Board was renamed the Australian Commonwealth Film Unit. Stanley Hawes was the Producer-in-Chief from 1946 to 1969, in 1973, the Unit became Film Australia. Some of Michael Thornhills first films were short documentaries made for the Commonwealth Film Unit, including The Esperance story and Cheryl, one of Film Australias most successful films is A Steam Train Passes. It has won awards and is generally regarded as Australias finest railway film. The operations of Film Finance Corporation Australia, Australian Film Commission, administration of the Film Australia Collection was transferred from Screen Australia to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia on 1 July 2011. Before becoming Screen Australia, Film Australia was one of the leading producers of television documentaries. Additional funding for a series on Australian history was provided by the Government from 2005. Film Australia was the producer of these productions, drawing the creative. The company also provided support to the Australian documentary sector through a range of services and facilities, the Film Australia Library manages over 5000 titles and 150,000 photographs, reflecting a century of Australias history. This unique archive of footage and stills is made available to the production industry, Film Australia Digital Learning creates projects targeted to the developing market for educational resources, primarily for delivery online. It draws largely on the materials in Film Australias Library, and creates opportunities for filmmakers and multimedia producers in education. These are used by many Film Australia and low-budget independent film and television productions, Film Australia’s Digital Resource Finder is a quick, convenient and easy-to-use search engine for teachers and educators. It features FREE FOR EDUCATION video clips from Film Australia’s remarkable archive—one of the nation’s largest and most historically significant collections, clips are matched with print-friendly two-page resource sheets that include background information and engaging student research and classroom activities written by leading teachers. Brian McFarlane, Geoff Mayer, Ina Bertrand, the Oxford companion to Australian film. Melbourne, Australia, New York, Oxford University Press, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Albert Moran. Projecting Australia, government film since 1945
21.
Film Australia
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Film Australia was a company established by the Government of Australia to produce films about Australia. The agency consolidated operations into Screen Australia in 2008, administration of the Film Australia Collection was transferred from Screen Australia to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia on 1 July 2011. In 1945, the Australian National Film Board was established to produce documentary films, in 1956, the Board was renamed the Australian Commonwealth Film Unit. Stanley Hawes was the Producer-in-Chief from 1946 to 1969, in 1973, the Unit became Film Australia. Some of Michael Thornhills first films were short documentaries made for the Commonwealth Film Unit, including The Esperance story and Cheryl, one of Film Australias most successful films is A Steam Train Passes. It has won awards and is generally regarded as Australias finest railway film. The operations of Film Finance Corporation Australia, Australian Film Commission, administration of the Film Australia Collection was transferred from Screen Australia to the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia on 1 July 2011. Before becoming Screen Australia, Film Australia was one of the leading producers of television documentaries. Additional funding for a series on Australian history was provided by the Government from 2005. Film Australia was the producer of these productions, drawing the creative. The company also provided support to the Australian documentary sector through a range of services and facilities, the Film Australia Library manages over 5000 titles and 150,000 photographs, reflecting a century of Australias history. This unique archive of footage and stills is made available to the production industry, Film Australia Digital Learning creates projects targeted to the developing market for educational resources, primarily for delivery online. It draws largely on the materials in Film Australias Library, and creates opportunities for filmmakers and multimedia producers in education. These are used by many Film Australia and low-budget independent film and television productions, Film Australia’s Digital Resource Finder is a quick, convenient and easy-to-use search engine for teachers and educators. It features FREE FOR EDUCATION video clips from Film Australia’s remarkable archive—one of the nation’s largest and most historically significant collections, clips are matched with print-friendly two-page resource sheets that include background information and engaging student research and classroom activities written by leading teachers. Brian McFarlane, Geoff Mayer, Ina Bertrand, the Oxford companion to Australian film. Melbourne, Australia, New York, Oxford University Press, cS1 maint, Multiple names, authors list Albert Moran. Projecting Australia, government film since 1945
22.
Wendy Saddington
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Wendy June Saddington also known as Gandharvika Dasi was an Australian blues, soul and jazz singer, and was in the bands Chain, Copperwine and the Wendy Saddington Band. She wrote for teen pop newspaper Go-Set from September 1969 to September 1970 as an aunt in her weekly Takes Care of Business column. Saddington had Top 30 chart success with her 1972 solo single Looking Through a Window, after adopting Krishna Consciousness in the 1970s she took the name Gandharvika Dasi. In March 2013 she was diagnosed with cancer, and died on 21 June. Wendy June Saddington was born on 26 September 1949 and her father was Henry Saddington and her mother was Connie Evans. Saddington was their child and she grew up in Melbourne. Henry was a bus driver and Connie was a raincoat maker, at 13 she bought her first record, Stevie Wonders With a Song in My Heart. After leaving school Saddington was a typist for a detective, just divorces. She quit after he objected to her dress sense and did not allow her a day off for Melbourne Show Day in September. She attended a club venue in Carlton, the Love In and her inspirations were Nina Simone, Bessie Smith, Aretha Franklin and Bob Dylan. The following week at the Love In she asked if she could get up to sing, and promptly provided Bessie Smith songs, the management advised you can sing here every week. When Perth blues group, The Beaten Tracks relocated to Melbourne, Saddington joined, Saddington provided the name from Franklins Chain of Fools. The Chain line-up were Saddington on vocals, Phil Manning on guitar and vocals, Warren Morgan on piano and vocals, and Murray Wilkins on bass guitar. The teen pop newspaper, Go-Set started publishing in 1966, and in 1968, as a guest writer, Saddington provided an interview of soul and blues singer, Max Merritt. In March 1969 Saddington was described by The Canberra Timess Garry Raffaele as by far the best female rhythm, thats a relative judgment, objectively she is an exciting, raging swinger in the style of Aretha Franklin. Vocally she screams and roars and sighs with the feel of. Saddington left the band in May that year prior to any known recordings, in June 1969 she explained to Go-Set readers I only want to be in it up to my waist, not up to my neck. My attitude was all wrong in the end, I didnt care if I turned up late or drunk for a job
23.
Australian Film Institute
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It is responsible for producing Australias premier annual film and television awards, as of 2011 known as AACTA Awards. The work of the institute is supported by government funding, corporate sponsors, the year 1976 marked the first time that the AFI Awards, which had been given since 1958, were televised. Ten years later, television categories were added to the awards, the AFI is affiliated with the Los Angeles Australian Film & Television Association. In August 2011, AFI formed a professional organisation, the Australian Academy of Cinema. The AFI Research Collection is a significant non-lending, specialist film, the collection operates under the auspices of Royal Melbourne Institute of Technologys School of Media and Communication in conjunction with the Australian Film Institute. Cinema of Australia Culture of Australia AFI website AFI Awards 2010 coverage @ Mediasearch AFI History
24.
Homesdale
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Homesdale is a 1971 Australian film directed by Peter Weir. Homesdale is a comedy about visitors at a guest-house acting out their violent private fantasies and games under the control of the house staff. Several people gather at the Homesdale Hunting Lodge including butcher/rock singer Mr Kevin, war veteran Mr Vaughan, all are tormented by Homesdales staff and forced to participate in a series of games about death and murder in which the true character of the guests starts to emerge. Geoff Malone as Mr. Malfry Grahame Bond as Mr. Kevin Kate Fitzpatrick as Miss Greenoak Barry Donnelly as Mr. Vaughan Doreen Warburton as Mrs. Sharpe James Lear as Mr, the budget was covered by a grant from the Experimental Film and Television Fund. The film was shot at Peter Weirs own home in Sydney in March 1971, the film premiered at the Sydney Film Festival in June 1971 and won the Grand Prix AFI Award in November. It was screened in universities, schools, film societies and occasionally commercial cinemas, as well as on the Seven network, Homesdale at the Internet Movie Database Homesdale at Oz Movies
25.
Black comedy
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Black comedy or dark comedy is a comic style that makes light of subject matter that is generally considered taboo. Literary critics have associated black comedy and black humor with authors as early as the ancient Greeks with Aristophanes, Black comedy corresponds to the earlier concept of gallows humor. The term black humor was coined by the Surrealist theorist André Breton in 1935 while interpreting the writings of Jonathan Swift. Bretons preference was to some of Swifts writings as a subgenre of comedy and satire in which laughter arises from cynicism and skepticism. Scholars have associated black humor with authors as early as the ancient Greeks with Aristophanes, Breton coined the term for his book Anthology of Black Humor, in which he credited Jonathan Swift as the originator of black humor and gallows humor, and included excerpts from 45 other writers. This victims suffering is trivialized, which leads to sympathizing with the victimizer, as found in the social commentary. Black humor is also related to that of the grotesque genre. Breton identified Swift as the originator of black humor and gallows humor, particularly in his pieces Directions to Servants, A Modest Proposal, A Meditation Upon a Broom-Stick, the terms black comedy or dark comedy have been later derived as alternatives to Bretons term. Bruce Jay Friedman, in his anthology entitled Black Humor, imported the concept of comedy to the United States. He labeled many different authors and works with the idea, arguing that they shared the literary genre. The Friedman label came to prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, early American writers who employed black humor were Nathanael West and Vladimir Nabokov. In 1965 a mass-market paperback titled Black Humor, was released and this was one of the first American anthologies devoted to the conception of black humor as a literary genre, the publication also sparked nationwide interest in black humor. Among the writers labeled as black humorists by journalists and literary critics are Roald Dahl, Thomas Pynchon, Kurt Vonnegut, Warren Zevon, John Barth, Joseph Heller, popular themes of the genre include violence, discrimination, disease, sexuality, religion and barbarism. Comedians, like Lenny Bruce, that since the late 1950s have been labeled for using sick comedy by mainstream journalists, have also labeled with black comedy. By contrast, blue comedy focuses more on crude topics such as nudity, sex, in obscene humor, much of the humorous element comes from shock and revulsion, while black comedy might include an element of irony, or even fatalism. For example, the black comedy self-mutilation appears in the English novel Tristram Shandy. Tristram, five years old at the time, starts to urinate out of a window for lack of a chamber pot. The sash falls and circumcises him, his family reacts with both chaotic action and philosophic digression, cringe comedy Comedy horror Macabre Off-color humor
26.
The Aunty Jack Show
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The Aunty Jack Show was a Logie Award–winning Australian television comedy series that ran from 1972 to 1973. Produced by and broadcast on ABC-TV, the series attained an instant cult status that persists to the present day, visually, she was unmistakable, dressed in a huge, tent-like blue velvet dress, football socks, workboots, and a golden boxing glove on her right hand. She rode everywhere on a Harley-Davidson motorcycle and referred to everyone as me little lovelies — when she was not uttering her familiar threat, a phrase which immediately passed into the vernacular. An architecture graduate of Sydney University, Bond was already a writer, producer, comedian, singer, songwriter. He cut his teeth writing and performing as a founder member and it was here that he met and became friends with other Sydney students including Geoffrey Atherden, Maurice Murphy and Peter Weir, who became Australias most internationally acclaimed film director. As well as being the singer and guitarist in the Sydney rock bands The Pogs. Rory was only 14 at the time he met Bond, when The Pogs were brought in to provide backing for one of the Architecture Revues. After graduating, Grahame and friends continued working together on a range of projects in film, TV, radio. He collaborated on short films and stage pieces with Peter Weir. The 50-minute film, which was Bonds first known TV appearance, was co-written by and starred Bond and Peter Weir, with Geoff Malone, James Dellit, and Anna Nygh. The story concerned three men, once friends sharing many adventures, who are now mayors of three cities—medieval Ackley, the futuristic Cadmium, and Petal Lake, a community reminiscent of the 1930s. Into their midst comes the strange figure of Mr. Maloon, during 1970 Bond, Weir and co. created and performed the revue Filth at the Phillip St Revue, followed by Hamlet On Ice at the Nimrod Theatre. Bonds friendship with Weir led to him writing the music for the three-part AFI Award-winning 1970 film Three To Go, Bond also provided the music and played a leading role in Weirs first film, the 1971 short feature Homesdale. Aunty Jack was created for a proposed ABC Radio childrens radio series, The Aunty Jack Show and it was intended to replace the long-running childrens radio series The Argonauts Club, which was about to be cancelled. The new series never went to air because ABC executives felt that the Aunty Jack character, the Aunty Jack character made her TV debut in Aunty Jacks Travelling Show, an episode of ABC-TVs The Comedy Game, broadcast in late 1971. It was originally to be called Aunty Jacks Travelling Abattoirs but ABC executives also found the title inappropriate, the program featured Bond, ODonoghue and Derum, with Sharman Mellick and Kate Fitzpatrick in supporting roles. This marked the start of a partnership between Bond, ODonoghue and ABC writer, producer and director Maurice Murphy. They became the nucleus for a string of programs that strongly influenced TV comedy in Australia
27.
The Cars That Ate Paris
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The Cars That Ate Paris is a 1974 Australian horror comedy film, produced by twin brothers Hal and Jim McElroy and directed by Peter Weir. It was his first feature film, and was based on an original story he had written. The film begins with a couple driving through the countryside in what looks like a cinema advertisement. The scene comes to a halt with a fatal accident, the rural Australian town of Paris arranges fatal accidents to visitors driving through. The young men of the salvage and modify the wrecked vehicles into a variety of strange-looking cars designed for destruction. Arthur Waldo and his brother, George Waldo, drive though Paris with their caravan where they meet with an accident that kills George. Mayor Len gives Arthur a job at the hospital as a medical orderly. Beneath the idyllic rural paradise of Paris is a feud between the young men of the town who live for their modified vehicles that they terrorise the town with. When one of the damages the Mayors property and breaks a statue of an Aborigine the older men of the town burn the guilty drivers car as he is held down. The Mayor appoints Arthur the town Parking Inspector complete with brassard, the situation reaches its boiling point the night of the towns annual Pioneers Ball which is a fancy dress and costume party. What was planned to be a car gymkhana by the men turns into an assault on the town where both sides attack each other killing several of the residents. Arthur regains his confidence when he repeatedly drives the Mayors car into his former hospital orderly supervisor who is one of the hoons. The film closes with Arthur, and the other residents. John Meillon as Mayor Len Kelly Terry Camilleri as Arthur Waldo Chris Haywood as Darryl Bruce Spence as Charlie Kevin Miles as Dr and it originally started as a comedy to star Grahame Bond but later evolved. Piers Davies and Keith Gow also had input and he then took the movie to the McElroy brothers, who had previously worked in a large variety of positions on a number of films. Most of the came from the Australian Film Development Corporation with additional funds from Royce Smeal Film Productions in Sydney. Shooting began in October 1973, primarily on location in Sofala, the producers unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate an American release for the film with Roger Corman after it was shown with great success at the Cannes Film Festival. Shortly afterwards Corman recruited Paul Bartel to direct his Death Race 2000, Bartel hadnt seen The Cars That Ate Paris, the movie struggled to find an audience in Australia, changing distributors and with an ad campaign unsure whether to pitch it as a horror film or art film
28.
Drive-in
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A drive-in is a facility where one can drive in with an automobile for service. Drive-in theaters have a screen and a car parking area for film-goers. It is usually distinguished from a drive-through, in which line up to make an order at a microphone set up at window height. The drivers then take their meals elsewhere to eat, in the German-speaking world, the term is now often used instead of drive-through for that kind of service. In Japan, the term refers to a rest area, in France, this term has become popular because of American movies showing that kind of service, and more recently due to the expansion of fast-food restaurants. The first drive-in restaurant was Kirbys Pig Stand, which opened in Dallas, Texas, in North America, drive-in facilities of all types have become less popular since their heyday in the 1950s and 1960s, with drive-throughs rising to prominence since the 1970s and 1980s. As a symbol of the 1950s, a drive-in is featured in many films and TV series about this period
29.
Joan Lindsay
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Lady Joan à Beckett Lindsay was an Australian novelist, playwright, essayist, and visual artist. Trained in her youth as a painter, Lindsay published her first literary work in 1936 at age forty under a pseudonym, a satirical novel titled Through Darkest Pondelayo. Her second novel, Time Without Clocks, was published thirty years later. It was adapted into a 1975 film of the same name and she was also the author of several unpublished plays, and contributed essays, short stories, and poetry to numerous journals and publications throughout her career. After the death of Lindsays husband in 1976, she spent her time involved in the art community in Melbourne. Her last published work, Syd Sixpence, was her first and her mother, Ann Sophie Weigall, was a musician of Irish descent, and grew up in Dublin. Lindsay had two sisters, Mim and Nancy, and a brother, Theyre Jr. Lindsay spent her years in a villa in St. Margarets. She described her childhood as happy and uneventful. In 1909 at the age of thirteen, Lindsay was sent to a boarding school, then called Carhue. The school went through a change in ownership, and was renamed the Clyde Girls Grammar School during Lindsays time there, where she was a model student. After graduating from Clyde, Lindsay considered becoming an architect, but decided to study art instead, there, while studying painting, she was educated by Bernard Hall and Frederick McCubbin. In 1920 she began sharing a Melbourne studio with Maie Ryan, Joan exhibited her watercolours and oils at two Melbourne exhibitions in 1920, one of which was titled The Neo-Pantechnicists and exhibited with the Victorian Artists Society. She and Casey also collaborated on a book together, titled Portrait of Anna. While studying at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School, she met fellow art student Daryl Lindsay, the two married in Marylebone, London, England on St. Valentines Day 1922. The day was always a special occasion for her, and she set her most famous work, Picnic at Hanging Rock, on St. Valentines Day. During this time, Lindsay shifted her focus from painting to writing, the latter of which was a collaboration with Margot Goyder and Ann Joske, both of whom were Australias best-known detective story writers at the time. Though neither of the plays were published, Wolf. was performed onstage in Swanage, according to Lindsays cousin Martin Boyd, the novel was one of the best collections of malapropisms in the English language. Lindsay helped Boyd write the outline for his novel, Nuns in Jeopardy, Lindsay also contributed articles, reviews and stories to various magazines and newspapers on art, literature and prominent people
30.
The Adventures of Barry McKenzie
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The Adventures of Barry McKenzie is a 1972 Australian film starring Barry Crocker, telling the story of an Australian yobbo on his travels to the United Kingdom. Barry McKenzie was originally a character created by Barry Humphries for a strip in Private Eye. The movie was the first Australian film to one million dollars in Australian box office receipts. A sequel, Barry McKenzie Holds His Own, was produced in 1974, Barry Humphries appears in several roles, including, a hippie, Barry McKenzies psychiatrist Doctor De Lamphrey, and as Aunt Edna Everage. Humphries would later achieve fame with the character of Dame Edna in the UK, the film was produced by Phillip Adams, who became a prominent op-ed journalist and broadcaster, and directed by Bruce Beresford. Barry Bazza McKenzie travels to England with his aunt Edna Everage to advance his cultural education, Bazza is a young Aussie fond of beer, Bondi and beautiful sheilas. He settles in Earls Court, where his old friend Curly has a flat and he gets drunk, is ripped off, insulted by pretentious Englishmen and exploited by record producers, religious charlatans and a BBC television producer. He reluctantly leaves England under the orders of his aunt, after exposing himself on television and his final words on the plane home are, I was just starting to like the Poms. Bruce Beresford was living in London and knew Barry Humphries socially when he heard about government funding being given to Australian films. I said to Barry Humphries that we should do a script from the strip because they had money available to make films. I said, I dont think theyve thought about that but if we whip back to Australia with a script, with you starring in it and were all set to go, there wouldnt be all that many going for it. And thats more or less what happened, the film was entirely funded by the Australian Film Development Corporation. Shooting started in London in January 1972, with the moving to Australia in February. Local unions complained about the presence of British technicians in the crew, philip Adams wanted to cast Paul Hogan as Curly but he turned down the role. I suspect he was concerned over his ability to work with professional actors, philip Adams insisted on distributing the film himself initially. The film was popular at the box office in Australia and London. Bruce Beresford said in a 1999 interview, Personally, it was a mistake for me to do it. Instead of getting me work, even though it was successful commercially, Beresford went on to direct Barry McKenzie Holds His Own – again to great commercial success – in 1974, and then Breaker Morant starring Edward Woodward in 1980
31.
Alvin Purple
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Alvin Purple is an 1973 Australian comedy film starring Graeme Blundell, written by Alan Hopgood and directed by Tim Burstall. It received largely negative reviews from film critics. Despite this it was a hit with Australian audiences. The score and title theme were composed by iconic Australian singer-songwriter Brian Cadd, a 1974 film sequel Alvin Rides Again toned-down the sex scenes and nudity, adding more camp comedy. This was followed by a 1976 Australian Broadcasting Commission situation comedy series titled Alvin Purple. Blundell reprised the role in both, as well as in the 1984 movie Melvin, Son of Alvin. The film is a sex-farce which follows the misadventures of a naïve young Melbourne man Alvin Purple, working in door to door sales, Alvin tries to resist legions of women who want him. Alvin is so worn-out he seeks help to solve his problems. His psychiatrist is, of course, a woman, Alvin ultimately falls in love with the one girl who doesnt throw herself at him. She becomes a nun, and Alvin ends up a gardener in the convents gardens, although it was reportedly well-received overseas,2000 Weeks was panned by local critics and it failed disastrously at the box office. This was followed by a low-budget surfing feature Getting Back to Nothing and his second feature, the contemporary comedy Stork was much more successful. Stork was adapted from his play The Coming of Stork, which had premiered at La Mama, in 1972 Burstall became a partner in a new film production company, Hexagon Productions. Burstall considered 26 stories from such as Bob Ellis, Williamson, Barry Oakley. He originally wrote Alvin Purple for the English company Tigon Films, Hopgoods story was originally half comic, half serious, and Burstall originally envisioned it as a 20-minute section of a multi story picture. However he then decided to make the story strictly comic and expand it to feature length, Burstall says he rewrote much of Hopgoods script, adding many chases and the water bed sequence, and turning McBurney figure into a sex maniac. The original script played more emphasis on the relationship between Alvin and his girlfriend but this was cut in the final film. Burstall cast Graeme Blundell in the lead, I remember Bourkie saying, Youve got to cast somebody who wouldnt, on the surface, seem a stud or even particularly attractive. This becomes much funnier than if he was a stud figure, Blundell was paid $500 a week for the role
32.
Richard Chamberlain
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George Richard Chamberlain is an American stage and screen actor and singer, who became a teen idol in the title role of the television show Dr. Kildare. Since then, he has appeared in several such as Shōgun and The Thorn Birds, and many successful films. Chamberlain was born in 1934 in Beverly Hills, California, the son of Elsa Winnifred and Charles Axiom Chamberlain, in 1952, Chamberlain graduated from Beverly Hills High School and later attended Pomona College. Chamberlain co-founded a Los Angeles–based theatre group, Company of Angels and he was cast as Lt. Dave Winslow in Chicota Landing, a 1960 episode of the NBC western series, Riverboat. In the story line, Juan Cortilla, a Mexican bandit played by Joe De Santis, is stormed from jail, Chamberlain, as United States Army Lieutenant Winslow, asks Grey Holden to transport Cortilla and his men to a military garrison. Instead, Cortilla takes over Holdens vessel, the Enterprise, connie Hines appears with Chamberlain as Lucy Bridges, and Ted de Corsia is cast as another bandit. Less than a later, in 1961, Chamberlain gained widespread fame as the young intern, Dr. Kildare, in the NBC/MGM television series of the same name. Dr. Kildare ended in 1966, after which Chamberlain began performing on the theatre circuit, decades later he returned to Broadway in revivals of My Fair Lady and The Sound of Music. At the end of the 1960s, Chamberlain spent a period of time in England where he played in theatre and in the BBCs Portrait of a Lady adaptation. In 1969, he starred opposite Katharine Hepburn in the film The Madwoman of Chaillot and he received excellent notices and reprised the role for television in 1970 for the Hallmark Hall of Fame. In The Slipper and the Rose, a version of the Cinderella story, co-starring Gemma Craven. A television film, William Basts The Man in the Iron Mask and that same year, he starred in Peter Weirs film The Last Wave. In the 1980s, he appeared as leading man with King Solomons Mines opposite newcomer Sharon Stone, since the 1990s, Chamberlain has appeared mainly in television movies, on stage, and as a guest star on such series as ABCs The Drew Carey Show and Will & Grace. He starred as Henry Higgins in the 1993–1994 Broadway revival of My Fair Lady, in the fall of 2005, Chamberlain appeared in the title role of Ebenezer Scrooge in the Broadway National Tour of Scrooge, The Musical. In 2006, Chamberlain guest-starred in an episode of the British drama series Hustle as well as season 4 of Nip/Tuck, in 2007, Chamberlain guest-starred in episode 80 of Desperate Housewives as Glen Wingfield, Lynette Scavos stepfather. In 2008 and 2009, he appeared as King Arthur in the tour of Monty Pythons Spamalot. In 2010, he appeared as Archie Leach in season 3, episode 3 of the series Leverage, Chamberlain has also appeared in several episodes of Brothers & Sisters, playing an old friend and love-interest of Sauls. He also appeared in the independent film We Are the Hartmans in 2011, in 2012, Chamberlain appeared on stage in the Pasadena Playhouse as Dr. Sloper in the play, The Heiress
33.
Dr. Kildare (TV series)
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Dr. Kildare is an NBC medical drama television series which originally ran from September 28,1961 until August 30,1966, for a total of 191 episodes over five seasons. Produced by MGM Television, it was based on fictional doctor characters originally created by author Max Brand in the 1930s and previously used by MGM in a film series. The TV series quickly achieved success and made a star of Richard Chamberlain, Dr. Kildare inspired or influenced many later TV shows dealing with the medical field. In the series first episode, Gillespie tells the earnest Kildare, Our job is to keep people alive, Kildare ignores the advice, which provides the basis for stories over the next four seasons, many with a soap opera touch. By the third season, Dr. Kildare was promoted to resident and episodes began to focus less on him and his medical colleagues, and more on the stories of individual patients and their families. In order to create realistic scripts, the series first writer, E. Jack Neuman, episodes frequently highlighted diseases or medical conditions that had not been widely discussed on television, including drug addiction, sickle cell anemia and epilepsy. Episodes about venereal disease and the birth control pill were written, technical advice was provided by the American Medical Association, whose name appeared in the end credits of each episode. The series was initially formatted as self-contained one-hour episodes, aired once per week, an unsold and unaired pilot was shot in 1960 featuring Joseph Cronin as Dr. Kildare and Lew Ayres as Dr. Gillespie. As a younger man, Ayres had played the role of Kildare for many years in the earlier MGM film, later, a second, successful pilot was made with Richard Chamberlain as Kildare and Raymond Massey as Gillespie. Before the little-known Chamberlain was cast, the Kildare role was offered to William Shatner and James Franciscus, the role catapulted Chamberlain to fame. In 2006, Chamberlain reprised the Kildare role in a parody of Greys Anatomy on the 2006 TV Land Awards, Massey accepted the role of Dr. Gillespie thinking that it would last only one season, leaving him time to accept feature film roles. Instead, the demands of appearing in a multiple-season hit series prevented Massey from appearing in any films for the duration of the series run. Chamberlain had a hit single, Theme from Dr. Kildare, largely as a result of the show, Chamberlain became a teen idol during the 1960s. The shows influence was so great that viewers would sometimes write to Chamberlain asking Dr. Kildare for medical advice, in the later seasons of the series, a decline in ratings led to the series cancellation in 1966. Despite its cancellation, the Dr. Kildare series continued to many later television medical dramas. Warner Bros. has released all five seasons on DVD-R in Region 1 via their Warner Archive Collection and these are Manufacture-on-Demand releases, available via WBShop. com & Amazon. com. The episode was meant to air as an episode of Dr. The series theme was composed by Jerry Goldsmith, a second television series, titled Young Dr. Kildare, premiered in first-run syndication in 1972
34.
Aboriginal Australians
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Aboriginal Australians are legally defined as people who are members of the Aboriginal race of Australia. Until the 1980s, the legal and administrative criterion for inclusion in this category was race. In the era of colonial and post-colonial government, access to human rights depended upon your race. If you were a full blooded Aboriginal native, the Constitution of Australia, in its original form as of 1901, referred to Aboriginals twice, but without definition. Section 51 gave the Commonwealth parliament power to legislate with respect to the people of any throughout the Commonwealth. The purpose of this provision was to give the Commonwealth power to regulate non-white immigrant workers, the only other reference, Section 127, provided simply that aboriginal natives shall not be counted in reckoning the size of the population of the Commonwealth or any part of it. The purpose of section 127 was to prevent the inclusion of Aboriginal people in section 24 determinations of the distribution of House of Representatives seats amongst the states and territories, after both of these references were removed by the 1967 referendum, the Australian Constitution had no references to Aboriginals. Since that time, there have been a number of proposals to amend the constitution to specifically mention Indigenous Australians, the change to Section 51 gave the Commonwealth parliament the power to make laws specifically with respect to Aboriginal peoples as a race. The case concerned an application of legislation that would preserve cultural heritage of Aboriginal Tasmanians and it was held that Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, together or separately, and any part of either, could be regarded as a race for this purpose. As to the criteria for identifying a person as a member of such a race, Deane said, It is unnecessary, for the purposes of the present case, to consider the meaning to be given to the phrase people of any race in s.51. Plainly, the words have a wide and non-technical meaning, the phrase is, in my view, apposite to refer to all Australian Aboriginals collectively. Any doubt, which might otherwise exist in regard, is removed by reference to the wording of par. The phrase is also apposite to refer to any identifiable racial sub-group among Australian Aboriginals, while Deanes three-part definition reaches beyond the biological criterion to individuals self-identification, it has been criticised as continuing to accept the biological criterion as primary. It has been difficult to apply, both in each of its parts and as to the relations among the parts, biological descent has been a fall-back criterion. If it is to be used to refer to us as a group of people. This has just really crept up on us and we are very happy with our involvement with indigenous people around the world, on the international forum because theyre our brothers and sisters. But we do object to it being used here in Australia and her lecture offered a new perspective on the terms urban, traditional and of Indigenous descent as used to define and categorise Aboriginal Australians. She said, Not only are these categories inappropriate, they serve to divide us, governments insistence on categorising us with modern words like urban, traditional and of Aboriginal descent are really only replacing old terms half-caste and full-blood – based on our colouring
35.
David Gulpilil
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David Gulpilil Ridjimiraril Dalaithngu AM, is an Australian traditional dancer and actor. He is a Yolngu man of the Mandhalpuyngu speech of the Djinba language, as a young boy, Gulpilil was an accomplished hunter, tracker and ceremonial dancer. Unlike many Indigenous people of his generation, Gulpilil spent his childhood in the bush, there he received a traditional upbringing in the care of his family. He attended the school at Maningrida in Australias North East Arnhem Land, when he came of age, Gulpilil was initiated into the Mandhalpuyngu tribal group. His skin group totemic animal is the eagle and his homeland is Marwuyu, after appearing in his first film, he added English to several indigenous languages in which he was already fluent. In 1969, Gulpilils skill as a tribal dancer caught the attention of British filmmaker Nicolas Roeg, Roeg promptly cast the sixteen-year-old unknown to play a principal role in his internationally acclaimed motion picture Walkabout, released in 1971. Gulpilils on-screen charisma, combined with his acting and dancing skills, was such that he became an instant national and international celebrity and he travelled to distant lands, mingled with famous people, and was presented to heads of state. During these travels to promote the film, he met and was impressed with John Lennon, Bob Marley, Muhammad Ali, after his high-profile performance in Walkabout, Gulpilil went on to appear in many more films and television productions. He played a role in the commercially successful and critically acclaimed Storm Boy. He dominated the film The Last Wave, with his performance as tribal Aboriginal man Chris Lee and he also had a major role in Baz Luhrmanns Australia. Gulpilil has been a creative influence throughout his life in both dance and film. He initiated and narrated the film Ten Canoes which won a Special Jury Prize at the 2006 Cannes Festival, the prize-winning, low-budget film, based on 1, 000-year-old traditional story of misplaced love and revenge, features non-professional indigenous actors speaking their local language. De Heer directed Gulpilil in another film, The Tracker and he sang a role in the sole recording of Margaret Sutherlands 1964 opera The Young Kabbarli. At a conference in Adelaide in the summer of 2000, Gulpilil performed traditional dances and he continues to provide mentorship to them, while lending his support to social and political causes such as the pursuit of tribal land claims for indigenous people. In addition to his career in dance, music, film and television and he has written the text for two volumes of childrens stories based on Yolngu beliefs. These books also feature photographs and drawings by Australian artists and convey Gulpilils reverence for the landscape, people, Gulpilil appeared in an autobiographical stage production, Gulpilil, in March 2004 at the Adelaide Festival of Arts 2004. A documentary about his life, Gulpilil, One Red Blood, was aired on Australian Broadcasting Corporation in 2003, the title comes from a quote by Gulpilil, “We are all one blood. No matter where we are from, we are all one blood, in 2007, he starred in Richard Friars hour-long independent documentary, Think About It
