Saint Philip II of Moscow was Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus', the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church, from 1566 to 1568. He was the thirteenth metropolitan of Moscow to be appointed without t
Icon of St. Philip by Simon Ushakov
Icon of St. Philip, Metropolitan of Moscow (Trapeza of the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra)
Metropolitan Philip confronting Ivan the Terrible (drawing by Vasili Pukirev, 1875).
Malyuta Skuratov approaching Metropolitan Philip in order to kill him (painting by Nikolai Nevrev, 1898).
Ivan the Terrible
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Ivan IV Vasilyevich, commonly known as Ivan the Terrible, was Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia from 1547 until his death in 158
Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow
…without the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as had been the norm. He was one of a few metropolitans who dared to openly contradict Ivan the Terrible. It is widely believed that the tsar had him murdered on that account. He is venerated as a saint and martyr in the Eastern Orthodox Church. Fyodor…
Forensic facial reconstruction of Ivan IV by Mikhail Gerasimov, 1963
16th-century portrait of Ivan by Hans Weigel
Portrait of Ivan IV by Viktor Vasnetsov, 1897 (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)
The Oprichniki by Nikolai Nevrev (1888). The painting shows the last minutes of boyarin Feodorov, who was arrested for treason. To mock his alleged ambitions on the tsar's title, the nobleman was given the tsar's regalia before his execution.