Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow
Saint Philip II of Moscow was the Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus' from 1566 to 1568. He was the thirteenth Metropolitan of Moscow to be appointed without the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as had been the norm.
Icon of St. Philip, Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia
Icon of St. Philip, Metropolitan of Moscow (Trapeza of the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra)
Metropolitan Philip confronting Ivan the Terrible (drawing by Vasili Pukirev, 1875).
Malyuta Skuratov approaching Metropolitan Philip in order to kill him (painting by Nikolai Nevrev, 1898).
Ivan IV Vasilyevich, commonly known as Ivan the Terrible, was Grand Prince of Moscow and all Russia from 1533, and Tsar of all Russia from 1547 until his death in 1584. He was the first Russian monarch to be crowned as tsar.
Forensic facial reconstruction of Ivan IV by Mikhail Gerasimov
16th century portrait of Ivan by Hans Weigel
Portrait of Ivan IV by Viktor Vasnetsov, 1897 (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)
The Oprichniki by Nikolai Nevrev (1888). The painting shows the last minutes of boyarin Feodorov, who was arrested for treason. To mock his alleged ambitions on the tsar's title, the nobleman was given tsar's regalia before his execution.
