Philip Marlowe is a fictional character created by Raymond Chandler. Marlowe first appeared under that name in The Big Sleep, published in 1939. Chandler's early short stories, published in pulp magazines like Black Mask and Dime Detective, featured similar characters with names like "Carmady" and "John Dalmas"; some of those short stories were combined and expanded into novels featuring Marlowe, a process Chandler called "cannibalizing" but is more known in publishing as a fixup. When the non-cannibalized stories were republished years in the short story collection The Simple Art of Murder, Chandler changed the names of the protagonists to Philip Marlowe, his first two stories, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot" and "Smart-Aleck Kill", were never altered in print but did join the others as Marlowe cases for the television series Philip Marlowe, Private Eye. Marlowe's character is foremost within the genre of hardboiled crime fiction that originated in the 1920s, notably in Black Mask magazine, in which Dashiell Hammett's The Continental Op and Sam Spade first appeared.

Underneath the wisecracking, hard-drinking, tough private eye, Marlowe is contemplative and philosophical and enjoys chess and poetry. While he is not afraid to risk physical harm, he does not dish out violence to settle scores. Morally upright, he is not fooled by the genre's usual femmes fatales, such as Carmen Sternwood in The Big Sleep. Chandler's treatment of the detective novel exhibits an effort to develop the form, his first full-length book, The Big Sleep, was published when Chandler was 51. Seven novels were produced in the last two decades of his life. An eighth, Poodle Springs, was published years later. Explaining the origin of Marlowe's character, Chandler commented that "Marlowe just grew out of the pulps, he was no one person." When creating the character, Chandler had intended to call him Mallory. The emergence of Marlowe coincided with Chandler's transition from writing short stories to novels. Chandler was said to have taken the name Marlowe from Marlowe House, to which he belonged during his time at Dulwich College.

Marlowe House was named for Christopher Marlowe, a hard-drinking Elizabethan writer who graduated in philosophy and worked secretly for the government. Philip Marlowe is a fictional character created by Raymond Chandler in a series of novels including The Big Sleep, Farewell, My Lovely and The Long Goodbye. Chandler is not consistent as to Marlowe's age. In The Big Sleep, set in 1936, Marlowe's age is given as 33, while in The Long Goodbye Marlowe is 42. In a letter to D. J. Ibberson of April 19, 1951, Chandler noted among other things that Marlowe is 38 years old and was born in Santa Rosa, California, he had a couple of years at college and some experience as an investigator for an insurance company and the district attorney's office of Los Angeles County. He was fired from the D. A.'s office for insubordination. The D. A.'s chief investigator, Bernie Ohls, is a friend and former colleague and a source of information for Marlowe within law enforcement. Marlowe weighs about 190 pounds, he first lived at the Hobart Arms, on Franklin Avenue near North Kenmore Avenue, but moved to the Bristol Hotel, where he stayed for about ten years.

By 1950 he has rented a house on Yucca Avenue and continued at the same place in early 1952 in Playback, the last full-length Chandler Marlowe novel. His office on the seventh floor of an unnamed building in 1936, is at #615 on the sixth floor of the Cahuenga Building by March/April 1939, on Hollywood Boulevard near Ivar. North Ivar Avenue is between North Cahuenga Boulevard to Vine Street to the east; the office telephone number is Glenview 7537. Marlowe's office is modest and he doesn't have a secretary, he refuses to take divorce cases. He prefers Camels. At home he sometimes smokes a pipe. A chess adept, he exclusively plays against himself, or plays games from books, he drinks whiskey or brandy and in large quantities. For example, in The High Window, he gets out a bottle of Four Roses, pours glasses for himself, for Det. Lt. for Spangler. At other times he is drinking Old Forester, a Kentucky bourbon: "I hung up and fed myself a slug of Old Forester to brace my nerves for the interview; as I was inhaling it I heard her steps tripping along the corridor."

However, in Playback he orders a double Gibson at a bar while tailing Betty Mayfield. In The Long Goodbye, he and Terry Lennox drink Gimlets. Marlowe is adept at using liquor to loosen peoples' tongues. An example is in The High Window, when Marlowe persuades the detective-lieutenant, whose "solid old face was lined and grey with fatigue", to take a drink and thereby loosen up and give out. "Breeze looked at me steadily. He sighed, he picked the glass up and tasted it and sighed again and shook his head sideways with a half smile. He drinks coffee. Eschewing the use of filters, he uses a vacuum coffee maker, he has it black at other times. Typical of classic private eyes, Marlowe is the eternal b

Sonal R. Shah, is an American economist, former lobbyist, public official, she serves as the National Policy Director for Mayor Pete Buttigieg's 2020 United States presidential election. From April 2009 to August 2011, she served as the Director of the Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation in the White House. Shah is the founding executive director of the Beeck Center for Social Impact & Innovation at Georgetown University. Shah was a member of the Obama-Biden Transition Project and was the head of Global Development Initiatives, a philanthropic arm of Google.org. Sonal Shah was born in India, she moved to the USA in 1972 at the age of 4, grew up in Houston, Texas. She graduated from the University of Chicago with a B. A. received a master's degree in Economics from Duke University. Shah held a variety of U. S. Department of Treasury positions from 1995 until 2001, she was the director of the office overseeing strategy and programs for sub-Saharan Africa, which included debt relief, development programs and World Bank/International Monetary Fund strategies.

She worked with the Ministries of Finance in Bosnia and Kosovo to design the post-war banking system. During the Asian financial crisis, she served as a senior adviser to U. S. Treasury officials who were coordinating the U. S. response. From 2001-2003, Shah served at the Center for Global Development as Director of Operations and Programs, helping set up all aspects of the strategy and operations. From 2003-2004, she worked at the Center for American Progress as an Associate Director, advising current and former Congressional and government executives on a wide variety of issues including trade and post-conflict reconstruction. In 2004, Shah joined Goldman Sachs as a Vice President, where she worked on green initiatives, which included informing clients and bankers on alternative energy opportunities and advising them on how to implement environmental and governance criteria for all investments. In 2007, Shah joined Google.org as the head of Global Development Initiatives, worked with Executive Director Larry Brilliant in guiding global economic development efforts.

She worked extensively on the growth of small and medium sized enterprises in partnership with the Omidyar Network and the Soros Foundation. In July 2019, Shah joined the presidential campaign of South Bend Mayor, Pete Buttigieg as national policy director. On April 2009, Shah was appointed director of the newly created White House Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation; the objective of this office is to coordinate governmental efforts to aid innovative nonprofit groups and social entrepreneurs to address pressing social problems. Shah is working with the National Security Council to bring a global perspective to these efforts. In 2001, Shah worked with the Vishwa Hindu Parishad of America, a branch of the Hindu nationalist organization based in India, as the National Coordinator during the 2001 Gujarat earthquake; the VHP in India has been classified by the Central Intelligence Agency as a militant religious organization as of 2018. In 2001, she co-founded the non-religious, non-profit Indicorps which recruits young people of Indian origin from all over the world to volunteer in India working for Indian NGOs.

Indicorps volunteers have worked in the areas of education and sanitation, rural development, tsunami relief, microfinance. She gave the key note address in 2004 talking about her work with Indicorps for the USA’s branch of the India-based Ekal Vidyala Foundation; the EVF in India has been accused of running schools that pursue a Hindu-nationalist agenda and generate hatred towards minorities. The EVF in 2005 lost public funding after the Indian federal government deemed it was “spreading hatred” against India’s non-Hindu minority; when she was appointed to the President Obama's transition team, leaders of the VHP and another Hindu nationalist organization, the RSS, issued a statement calling her a "proud member of the VHP, the daughter of Ramesh Shah, a senior VHP leader." After her appointment to Obama's team and criticism of her links to India’s Hindu nationalist movement, Shah disassociated herself from the VHP and condemned its role in the 2002 Gujarat riots. Henry Crown Fellowship, Aspen Institute, 2006 Next Generation Fellow, American Assembly, Columbia University, 2007.

India Abroad Person of the Year, 2003 Guiding Principles and Design of the MCA Trading Views Served on Commission for Weak States and National Security, Center for Global Development. Social Finance: A Primer, Center for American Progress

Ralph Lee Sampson III is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Maine Red Claws of the NBA Development League. He played college basketball for the Minnesota Golden Gophers. Sampson attended Northview High School in Georgia; as a senior in 2007–08, he averaged 19.3 points, 10.3 rebounds and 7.0 blocks per game in leading Northview to its first state tournament appearance and a 21-9 record. During his freshman season at the University of Minnesota in 2008–09, Sampson started every Big Ten Conference game, helped the Gophers earn an NCAA tournament bid, finished second on the team in both rebounds and blocked shots per game. Sampson started at forward and center in his sophomore and junior seasons for the Gophers and saw his minutes and blocks per game increase each year; as one of the lone veterans on the team, Sampson's stats declined as a senior, when he played nearly six fewer minutes per game than he did his junior season while averaging 7.9 points and 4.6 rebounds per game.

After injuring his knee during a practice in March, Sampson was inactive for the rest of the season, including the Big Ten tournament and the postseason NIT. He joined Kevin McHale and Mychal Thompson as one of the few Minnesota players to amass more than 1,000 points, 500 rebounds, 200 blocks during their respective collegiate careers. After going undrafted in the 2012 NBA draft, Sampson joined the Charlotte Bobcats for the 2012 NBA Summer League. On November 2, 2012, he was selected by the Reno Bighorns in the third round of the 2012 NBA Development League Draft, he went on to average 2.3 points and 2.1 rebounds in 23 games for Reno in 2012–13. On September 7, 2013, Sampson signed a one-year deal with Nilan Bisons Loimaa of the Finnish Korisliiga. In 16 league games for Loimaa, he averaged 4.2 rebounds per game. On November 1, 2014, Sampson was acquired by the Maine Red Claws. In 51 games for the Red Claws in 2014–15, he averaged 5.9 points, 5.7 rebounds and 1.8 blocks per game. On October 31, 2015, he was reacquired by the Red Claws.

On August 24, 2016, Sampson's D-League rights were acquired by the Windy City Bulls in the expansion draft. However, his rights would be waived before the beginning of the season, he would be drafted to the Northern Arizona Suns on October 29 in the fifth round. On November 2, he was waived by the Suns. Sampson is the son of Ralph Jr. and Aleize Sampson, has three siblings: one older sister, Rachel, a younger brother, Robert and a younger sister, Anna. His father was the number one overall pick in the 1983 NBA draft and played nine seasons in the NBA, earning NBA All-Star honors three times and Rookie of the Year honors in 1984, he would be named a member of the Basketball Hall of Fame for his overall success with the sport. NBA D-League profile Minnesota bio Eurocupbasketball.com profile

This article includes the world record progression for the 4×100 metres medley relay, it shows the chronological history of world record times in that competitive swimming event. The 4×100 metres medley relay is a medley race in which each of four swimmers on a team swims a 100-metre leg of the relay, each swimming a different stroke, in the following sequence: Backstroke. Swimming world records are recognized by and maintained by FINA, the international competitive swimming and aquatics federation that overseas the sport in international competition. World records in the medley relay event were first recognized by FINA in 1953; the long course world records are older than the short-course records. FINA amended its regulations governing the recognition of world records in 1956; the short-course world records have been separately recognized since 1991. On July 25, 2013 FINA Technical Swimming Congress voted to allow world records in the long course mixed 400 free relay and mixed 400 medley relay, as well as in six events in short course meters: the mixed 200 medley and 200 free relays, as well as the men's and women's 200 free relays and the men's and women's 200 medley relays.

In October 2013 FINA decided to establish "standards" before something can be recognized as the first world record in these events. But on March 13, 2014 FINA has ratified the eight world records set by Indiana University swimmers at the IU Relay Rally held on September 26, 2013 in Bloomington, it is possible to set an individual world record in the 100 metres backstroke by swimming the backstroke first leg of the 4×100-metre medley relay, except in the mixed relay. Swimming the other three legs of the medley relay cannot qualify as world records as FINA criteria require a "static start" for world record recognition – swimming relay exchanges are characterized as "dynamic"; the first Olympics at which the 4×100 metres medley relay event was contested was the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. FINA recognizes only long-course world records for mixed relays in this event. Correct as of December 2019 Correct as of December 2019 "Official website of the Olympic Movement: Olympic and World Records: Swimming".

IOC. "SportsRecords.co.uk: Swimming: Women's World Record Progression". "Recordhistorie Wereldrecords heren: 4x100 meter wisselslag estafette". "Recordhistorie Wereldrecords dames: 4x100 meter wisselslag estafette". "AgendaDiana.com: World Records"

Le Grand Magistery is an independent record label operating out of Bloomfield Hills, Michigan since 1996. They have been home to a number of artists including A Cuckoo, A Girl Called Eddy, Baxendale, The Blood Group, Cinéma Vérité, Computer Perfection, Kahimi Karie, Le Concorde, Memphis, Moose, Mr. Wright, The Music Lovers, PAS/CAL, Louis Philippe, The Push Kings, Scarboro Aquarium Club, The Secret History, Mike Sheldon and Toog. List of record labels http://www.magistery.com/ http://www.yahoogroups.com/group/legrandmagistery http://www.myspace.com/legrandmagistery

Francis Brown Stockbridge was a U. S. Senator from the state of Michigan. Stockbridge was born in Bath, the son of a physician, Dr. John Stockbridge, attended the common schools there, he clerked at a wholesale house in Boston 1843-1847. He moved to Chicago and opened a lumber yard. In 1851 he moved to Saugatuck and engaged in the operation of sawmills, he was interested in mercantile pursuits. In 1863 he moved to Kalamazoo and there engaged in the lumber business; that same year he married Bessie, a schoolteacher and sister of George Thomas Arnold, a lumberman and business associate there. In 1869 Stockbridge became a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives and in 1871 a member of the Michigan State Senate, he was appointed ambassador to the Netherlands on July 12, 1875, took the oath of office but never proceeded to the post. In 1882, Stockbridge purchased the site of the famous Grand Hotel on Mackinac Island and arranged financing for its construction from the three major transportation companies that rendered service to the island at the time: the Michigan Central Railroad, the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad, the Detroit and Cleveland Navigation Company.

Together, they formed the Mackinac Island Hotel Company, which built the Grand Hotel in 1887. He was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1887 and was reelected in 1893, he served from March 4, 1887 until his death on April 30, 1894. He was chairman of the Committee on Fisheries in the Fiftieth through Fifty-second Congresses. While visiting his nephew James Houghteling in Chicago he died suddenly, he and his wife are interred in Mountain Home Cemetery in Michigan. Stockbridge was the last person to have served in the Michigan State Legislature and in the United States Senate until Debbie Stabenow was elected in 2000. U. S. Congress. Memorial Addresses. 53rd Cong. 3rd sess. from 1894 to 1895. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1895. List of United States Congress members who died in office Grand Hotel United States Congress. "Francis B. Stockbridge". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Francis B. Stockbridge at Find a Grave