Philipp Mainländer
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Philipp Mainländer was a German philosopher and poet. Born Philipp Batz, he later changed his name to "Mainländer" in homage to his hometown, Offenbach am Main.
Mainländer, c. 1867
Mainländer with his sister Minna in 1855
Title page of the second volume of Die Philosophie der Erlösung
Philosophical pessimism is a philosophical school that is critical of existence, emphasizing the inherent suffering and futility of life. This perspective can be traced back to various religious tradi
Philipp Mainländer
…Philosophical work Era 19th-century philosophy Region Western philosophy School Continental philosophy Post-Kantian philosophy Metaphysical voluntarism Post-Schopenhauerian pessimism Pluralism Main interests Aesthetics epistemology metaphysics theodicy ethics Notable works Die Philosophie der Erlösung Notable ideas Critique of the…
Statue of the Buddha.
King Solomon, who was traditionally considered to be the author of Ecclesiastes.
Gustave Doré's 1866 illustration for Milton's Paradise Lost. For the Gnostics, man has been "thrown" into the world where he is condemned to live in humiliation and suffering.
Gracián saw the world as filled with deception, duplicity, and disillusionment.