Philipp Spener
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Philipp Jakob Spener was a German Lutheran theologian and pastor who essentially founded what became known as Pietism. He was later dubbed the "Father of Pietism". A prolific writer, his two main work
Philipp Jakob Spener
Memorial plaque on Nikolaikirchplatz in Berlin
Pia Desideria
Johann Arndt
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Johann Arndt was a German Lutheran theologian and mystic who wrote several influential books of devotional Christianity. Although reflective of the period of Lutheran Orthodoxy, he is seen as a foreru
Philipp Spener
…theologische Bedenken, with a biography of Spener by CH von Canstein (1711). Spener died in Berlin, on 5 February 1705, aged 70. Highly influenced by Johann Arndt, Lewis Bayly, Jean de Labadie, and Theophil Großgebauer, Spener's own writings display an emphasis on personal transformation through spiritual rebirth…
Johann Arndt
17th-century exemplar of Paradiesgärtlein bound in gilded silver on wood. Rijksmuseum