1.
Lille
–
Lille is a city in northern France, in French Flanders. On the Deûle River, near Frances border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France region, archeological digs seem to show the area as inhabited by as early as 2000 BC, most notably in the modern-day quartiers of Fives, Wazemmes, and Vieux Lille. The legend of Lydéric and Phinaert puts the foundation of the city of Lille at 640, in the 8th century, the language of Old Low Franconian was spoken here, as attested by toponymic research. Lilles Dutch name is Rijsel, which comes from ter ijsel, the French equivalent has the same meaning, Lille comes from lîle. From 830 until around 910, the Vikings invaded Flanders, after the destruction caused by Norman and Magyar invasion, the eastern part of the region was ruled by various local princes. The first mention of the dates from 1066, apud Insulam. At the time, it was controlled by the County of Flanders, the County of Flanders thus extended to the left bank of the Scheldt, one of the richest and most prosperous regions of Europe. A notable local in this period was Évrard, who lived in the 9th century and participated in many of the days political, there was an important Battle of Lille in 1054. From the 12th century, the fame of the Lille cloth fair began to grow, in 1144 Saint-Sauveur parish was formed, which would give its name to the modern-day quartier Saint-Sauveur. Infante Ferdinand, Count of Flanders was imprisoned and the county fell into dispute, it would be his wife, Jeanne, Countess of Flanders and Constantinople and she was said to be well loved by the residents of Lille, who by that time numbered 10,000. He pushed the kingdoms of Flanders and Hainaut towards sedition against Jeanne in order to recover his land and she called her cousin, Louis VIII. He unmasked the imposter, whom Countess Jeanne quickly had hanged, in 1226 the King agreed to free Infante Ferdinand, Count of Flanders. Count Ferrand died in 1233, and his daughter Marie soon after, in 1235, Jeanne granted a city charter by which city governors would be chosen each All Saints Day by four commissioners chosen by the ruler. On 6 February 1236, she founded the Countesss Hospital, which one of the most beautiful buildings in Old Lille. It was in her honour that the hospital of the Regional Medical University of Lille was named Jeanne of Flanders Hospital in the 20th century, the Countess died in 1244 in the Abbey of Marquette, leaving no heirs. The rule of Flanders and Hainaut thus fell to her sister, Margaret II, Countess of Flanders, then to Margarets son, Lille fell under the rule of France from 1304 to 1369, after the Franco-Flemish War. The county of Flanders fell to the Duchy of Burgundy next, after the 1369 marriage of Margaret III, Countess of Flanders, Lille thus became one of the three capitals of said Duchy, along with Brussels and Dijon. By 1445, Lille counted some 25,000 residents, Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, was even more powerful than the King of France, and made Lille an administrative and financial capital
Lille
–
Grand' place, Lille city centre.
Lille
–
The 'Vieille Bourse' on the 'Grand Place'
Lille
–
1641 map of Lille (Rijssel) in
Flandria Illustrata by
Anton Sander (Sanderus)
Lille
–
Entrance to the 'Vauban Citadel' (17th century)
2.
France
–
France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans 643,801 square kilometres and had a population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary republic with the capital in Paris. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse, during the Iron Age, what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls, a Celtic people. The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome, which held Gaul until 486, France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages, with its victory in the Hundred Years War strengthening state-building and political centralisation. During the Renaissance, French culture flourished and a colonial empire was established. The 16th century was dominated by civil wars between Catholics and Protestants. France became Europes dominant cultural, political, and military power under Louis XIV, in the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire, whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe. Following the collapse of the Empire, France endured a succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870. Following liberation in 1944, a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War, the Fifth Republic, led by Charles de Gaulle, was formed in 1958 and remains to this day. Algeria and nearly all the colonies became independent in the 1960s with minimal controversy and typically retained close economic. France has long been a centre of art, science. It hosts Europes fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually, France is a developed country with the worlds sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity. In terms of household wealth, it ranks fourth in the world. France performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy, France remains a great power in the world, being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state. It is a member state of the European Union and the Eurozone. It is also a member of the Group of 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organization, originally applied to the whole Frankish Empire, the name France comes from the Latin Francia, or country of the Franks
France
–
One of the
Lascaux paintings: a horse –
Dordogne, approximately 18,000 BC
France
–
Flag
France
–
The
Maison Carrée was a temple of the
Gallo-Roman city of Nemausus (present-day
Nîmes) and is one of the best preserved vestiges of the
Roman Empire.
France
–
With
Clovis ' conversion to Catholicism in 498, the
Frankish monarchy,
elective and
secular until then, became
hereditary and of
divine right.
3.
Paris, France
–
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of 105 square kilometres and a population of 2,229,621 in 2013 within its administrative limits, the agglomeration has grown well beyond the citys administrative limits. By the 17th century, Paris was one of Europes major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts, and it retains that position still today. The aire urbaine de Paris, a measure of area, spans most of the Île-de-France region and has a population of 12,405,426. It is therefore the second largest metropolitan area in the European Union after London, the Metropole of Grand Paris was created in 2016, combining the commune and its nearest suburbs into a single area for economic and environmental co-operation. Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometres and has a population of 7 million persons, the Paris Region had a GDP of €624 billion in 2012, accounting for 30.0 percent of the GDP of France and ranking it as one of the wealthiest regions in Europe. The city is also a rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports, Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the subway system, the Paris Métro. It is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro, notably, Paris Gare du Nord is the busiest railway station in the world outside of Japan, with 262 millions passengers in 2015. In 2015, Paris received 22.2 million visitors, making it one of the top tourist destinations. The association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris, the 80, 000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris hosted the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The name Paris is derived from its inhabitants, the Celtic Parisii tribe. Thus, though written the same, the name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. In the 1860s, the boulevards and streets of Paris were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, since the late 19th century, Paris has also been known as Panam in French slang. Inhabitants are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens and they are also pejoratively called Parigots. The Parisii, a sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones, inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the areas major north-south trade routes crossed the Seine on the île de la Cité, this place of land and water trade routes gradually became a town
Paris, France
–
In the 1860s Paris streets and monuments were illuminated by 56,000 gas lamps, making it literally "The City of Light."
Paris, France
–
Clockwise from top: Pyramid of the
Louvre,
Arc de Triomphe,
Palace of Versailles, skyline of Paris on the
River Seine with the
Pont des Arts bridge, and the
Eiffel Tower - clickable image
Paris, France
–
Gold coins minted by the Parisii (1st century BC)
Paris, France
–
The
Palais de la Cité and
Sainte-Chapelle, viewed from the Left Bank, from the
Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry (month of June) (1410)
4.
Nuovo cinema Paradiso
–
Cinema Paradiso is a 1988 Italian drama film written and directed by Giuseppe Tornatore. It won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards, Salvatore obviously shies from committed relationships and has not been to his home village of Giancaldo, Sicily in 30 years. As his girlfriend asks him who Alfredo is, Salvatore flashes back to his childhood and it is a few years after World War II. Six-year-old Salvatore is the mischievous, intelligent son of a war widow, nicknamed Toto, he discovers a love for films and spends every free moment at the movie house Cinema Paradiso. During the shows, the audience can be heard booing when there are missing sections, causing the films to suddenly jump, the local priest had ordered these sections censored, and the deleted scenes are piled on the projection room floor. At first, Alfredo considers Toto a bit of a pest, the montage ends as the movie house catches fire as Alfredo was projecting The Firemen of Viggiù after hours, on the wall of a nearby house. Salvatore saves Alfredos life, but not before a film reel explodes in Alfredos face, the Cinema Paradiso is rebuilt by a town citizen, Ciccio, who invests his football lottery winnings. Salvatore, still a child, is hired as the new projectionist, about a decade later, Salvatore, now in high school, is still operating the projector at the Cinema Paradiso. His relationship with the blind Alfredo has strengthened, and Salvatore often looks to him for help – advice that Alfredo often dispenses by quoting classic films. Salvatore has been experimenting with film, using a movie camera, and he has met. Salvatore woos – and wins – Elenas heart, only to lose her due to her fathers disapproval, as Elena and her family move away, Salvatore leaves town for compulsory military service. His attempts to write to Elena are fruitless, his letters are returned as undeliverable, upon his return from the military, Alfredo urges Salvatore to leave Giancaldo permanently, counseling that the town is too small for Salvatore to ever find his dreams. They tearfully embrace, and Salvatore leaves town to pursue his future, Salvatore has obeyed Alfredo, but he returns home to attend the funeral. Though the town has changed greatly, he now understands why Alfredo thought it was important that he leave, Salvatore learns that Cinema Paradiso is to be demolished to make way for a parking lot. At the funeral, he recognizes the faces of people who attended the cinema when he was the projectionist. He watches Alfredos reel and discovers that it comprises a special montage. It contains all of the scenes the priest had ordered cut from movies. Salvatore has made peace with his past, the famous town square is Piazza Umberto I in the village of Palazzo Adriano, about 30 miles to the south of Palermo
Nuovo cinema Paradiso
–
Original release poster
5.
Le Vieux fusil
–
Le vieux fusil is a 1975 French film directed by Robert Enrico, and starring Philippe Noiret, Romy Schneider and Jean Bouise. It won the 1976 César Award for Best Film, Best Actor and Best Music, the film is based on the Massacre of Oradour-sur-Glane in 1944. In Montauban in 1944, during the German retreat from France, Julien Dandieu is an ageing, frightened by the German army entering Montauban, Dandieu asks his friend Francois to drive his wife and his daughter to the remote village where he owns a chateau. One week later, Dandieu sets off to them for the weekend. He finds that all the villagers have been herded into the church, in the château, now occupied by the Germans, he finds his daughter shot and his wife immolated by a flame-thrower. Dandieu decides to kill as many Germans as possible to avenge his family, trapped inside the castle, the Germans begin to think they are surrounded by many partisans and do not realise that he is, in fact, the only one. When a Resistance detachment drops by, Dandieu refuses their offer to help him, eventually, with no more cartridges for the shotgun, he collects the flame-thrower which killed his beloved wife and uses it to kill the leading SS officer as he is about to commit suicide. Alerted by the partisans, the inhabitants of a nearby village, Dandieu is picked up by Francois, but has suffered a nervous breakdown following the aftermath of the slaughter, behaving as if his family was still alive. The film ends with a flashback to one of his happier days now gone, château de Bruniquel, the landmark of the village, where most of the film was shot. Le vieux fusil at the Internet Movie Database Le vieux fusil at AllMovie Le vieux fusil at Rotten Tomatoes
Le Vieux fusil
–
Theatrical release poster
6.
Cinema of France
–
Cinema of France refers to the film industry based in France. The French cinema comprises the art of film and creative movies made within the nation of France or by French filmmakers abroad, France is the birthplace of cinema and was responsible for many of its significant contributions to the art form and the film-making process itself. Several important cinematic movements, including the Nouvelle Vague, began in the country and it is noted for having a particularly strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the French government. Apart from its strong and innovative film tradition, France has also been a spot for artists from across Europe. For this reason, French cinema is sometimes intertwined with the cinema of foreign nations, Directors from nations such as Poland, Argentina, Russia, Austria, and Georgia are prominent in the ranks of French cinema. Conversely, French directors have had prolific and influential careers in countries, such as Luc Besson, Jacques Tourneur. Philippe Binant realized, on 2 February 2000, the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris. With 205.34 million tickets sold in 2015 and 212.71 million in 2016 and it is the most successful film industry in Europe in terms of number of films produced per annum, with a record-breaking 300 feature-length films produced in 2015. France is also one of the few countries where non-American productions have the biggest share and this is largely due to the commercial strength of domestic productions, which accounted for 44, 5% of admissions in 2014. Also, the French film industry is closer to being entirely self-sufficient than any country in Europe. In 2013, France was the 2nd largest exporter of films in the world after the United States, a study made in April 2014 shows the excellent image which French cinema maintains around the world, being the most appreciated cinema after American cinema. Les frères Lumière realized the first projection with the Cinematograph, in Paris on 28 December 1895, the French film industry in the late 19th century and early 20th century was among the worlds most important. Auguste and Louis Lumière invented the cinématographe and their LArrivée dun train en gare de La Ciotat in Paris in 1895 is considered by historians as the official birth of cinematography. The early days of the industry, from 1896 to 1902, saw the dominance of four firms, Pathé Frères, the Gaumont Film Company, the Georges Méliès company, and the Lumières. Méliès invented many of the techniques of cinematic grammar, and among his fantastic, in 1902 the Lumières abandoned everything but the production of film stock, leaving Méliès as the weakest player of the remaining three. From 1904 to 1911 the Pathé Frères company led the world in production and distribution. At Gaumont, pioneer Alice Guy-Blaché was made head of production and oversaw about 400 films, from her first, La Fée aux Choux, in 1896 and she then continued her career in the United States, as did Maurice Tourneur and Léonce Perret after World War I. After World War I, the French film industry suffered because of a lack of capital, when film studios in Europe began to fail, many European countries began to set import barriers
Cinema of France
–
Gaumont palace in Paris, c.1914
Cinema of France
–
A scene from
Louis Lumière 's
La Sortie des usines Lumière (1895)
Cinema of France
–
Poster for
La Règle du jeu, directed by
Jean Renoir
Cinema of France
–
A scene from
Jean-Luc Godard 's
Nouvelle Vague film
Breathless (1960)
7.
Actor
–
Anyone who meets the eligibility requirements may apply for aid, which could vary from medical assistance, paying rent, or finding employment. Heros benefits are not meant to be a permanent crutch for needy creators, any granted aid is kept confidential. The Hero Initiative has two boards of directors, the Executive Board and the Fund Disbursement Board, former board members include founders Pat McCallum, editor-in-chief of Wizard Magazine, and Mike Richardson, publisher and founder of Dark Horse Comics. They are George Pérez, Roy Thomas, Charlie Novinskie, Dennis ONeil, John Romita Sr. the charity is currently supported by Dark Horse Comics, Dynamic Forces, Image Comics, Marvel Entertainment, Top Cow Productions, and Wizard Entertainment. The Hero Initiative utilizes many methods of fundraising, foremost is their annual art auction, auctioning donated original comics art-work at fan conventions. Year-long, they sell donated art and special edition comics at conventions, artists, writers, and publishers are invited to donate work, and fans are invited to donate money directly to the fund. ACTOR also sells a green Excelsior, wrist-band similar in design to the Livestrong wristband. The Hero Initiative was formerly known as A Commitment to Our Roots, or ACTOR, while the original name of the organization reflected the charitys goal, the acronym that resulted, ACTOR, more often confused people unfamiliar with the organization. 2006, George Pérez, John Romita, Sr.2007, Joe Kubert 2008, Nick Cardy 2009, Neal Adams 2010, Walt Simonson 2011, Stan Lee 2012, John Romita, Jr. The award recognizes one person in each year who demonstrates particular generosity and integrity in support of the overall comic book community. It debuted at the 2010 Harvey Awards ceremony held at the Baltimore Comic-Con
Actor
–
The Hero Initiative
Actor
8.
Louis XIV
–
Louis XIV, known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any monarch of a country in European history. In the age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIVs France was a leader in the centralization of power. Louis began his rule of France in 1661, after the death of his chief minister. By these means he became one of the most powerful French monarchs, under his rule, the Edict of Nantes, which granted rights to Huguenots, was abolished. The revocation effectively forced Huguenots to emigrate or convert in a wave of dragonnades, which managed to virtually destroy the French Protestant minority. During Louis reign, France was the leading European power, and it fought three wars, the Franco-Dutch War, the War of the League of Augsburg. There were also two lesser conflicts, the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions, warfare defined Louis XIVs foreign policies, and his personality shaped his approach. Impelled by a mix of commerce, revenge, and pique, in peacetime he concentrated on preparing for the next war. He taught his diplomats their job was to create tactical and strategic advantages for the French military, Louis XIV was born on 5 September 1638 in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, to Louis XIII and Anne of Austria. He was named Louis Dieudonné and bore the title of French heirs apparent. At the time of his birth, his parents had married for 23 years. His mother had experienced four stillbirths between 1619 and 1631, leading contemporaries thus regarded him as a divine gift and his birth a miracle of God. Sensing imminent death, Louis XIII decided to put his affairs in order in the spring of 1643, in defiance of custom, which would have made Queen Anne the sole Regent of France, the king decreed that a regency council would rule on his sons behalf. His lack of faith in Queen Annes political abilities was his primary rationale and he did, however, make the concession of appointing her head of the council. Louis relationship with his mother was uncommonly affectionate for the time, contemporaries and eyewitnesses claimed that the Queen would spend all her time with Louis. Both were greatly interested in food and theatre, and it is likely that Louis developed these interests through his close relationship with his mother. This long-lasting and loving relationship can be evidenced by excerpts in Louis journal entries, such as, but attachments formed later by shared qualities of the spirit are far more difficult to break than those formed merely by blood
Louis XIV
–
Louis XIV by
Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701)
Louis XIV
–
Louis-Dieudonné,
Dauphin of France, in 1643 by
Claude Deruet
Louis XIV
–
Louis XIV as a child, unknown painter
Louis XIV
–
1655 portrait of Louis, the Victor of the Fronde, portrayed as the god
Jupiter
9.
Jean Racine
–
Jean Racine, baptismal name Jean-Baptiste Racine, was a French dramatist, one of the three great playwrights of 17th-century France, and an important literary figure in the Western tradition. The latest attempt to translate Racines plays into English earned a 2011 American Book Award for the poet Geoffrey Argent, Racines dramaturgy is marked by his psychological insight, the prevailing passion of his characters, and the nakedness of both the plot and stage. Racine was born on 22 December 1639 in La Ferté-Milon, in the province of Picardy in northern France, orphaned by the age of four, he came into the care of his grandparents. At the death of his grandfather in 1649, his grandmother, Marie des Moulins, went to live in the convent of Port-Royal and he received a classical education at the Petites écoles de Port-Royal, a religious institution which would greatly influence other contemporary figures including Blaise Pascal. Port-Royal was run by followers of Jansenism, a theology condemned as heretical by the French bishops, Racines interactions with the Jansenists in his years at this academy would have great influence over him for the rest of his life. At Port-Royal, he excelled in his studies of the Classics and he was expected to study law at the Collège dHarcourt in Paris, but instead found himself drawn to a more artistic lifestyle. Racine eventually took up residence in Paris where he involved in theatrical circles. His first play, Amasie, never reached the stage, on 20 June 1664, Racines tragedy La Thébaïde ou les frères ennemis was produced by Molières troupe at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal, in Paris. The following year, Molière also put on Racines second play, thus, Alexandre premiered for the second time, by a different acting troupe, eleven days after its first showing. From this point on the Hôtel de Bourgogne troupe performed all of Racines secular plays and he broke all ties with Port-Royal, and proceeded with Andromaque, which told the story of Andromache, widow of Hector, and her fate following the Trojan War. Amongst his rivals were Pierre Corneille and his brother, Thomas Corneille, tragedians often competed with alternative versions of the same plot, for example, Michel le Clerc produced an Iphigénie in the same year as Racine, and Jacques Pradon also wrote a play about Phèdre. Others, including the historian Warren Lewis, attribute his retirement from the theater to qualms of conscience, however, one major incident which seems to have contributed to Racines departure from public life was his implication in a court scandal of 1679. He got married at about time to the pious Catherine de Romanet. He and his wife eventually had two sons and five daughters, around the time of his marriage and departure from the theater, Racine accepted a position as a royal historiographer in the court of King Louis XIV, alongside his friend Boileau. He kept this position in spite of the scandals he was involved in. In 1672, he was elected to the Académie française, eventually gaining much power over this organization. Two years later, he was bestowed the title of treasurer of France, and he was distinguished as an ordinary gentleman of the king. Because of Racines flourishing career in the court, Louis XIV provided for his widow, Jean Racine died in 1699 from cancer of the liver
Jean Racine
–
For other uses, see
Jean Racine (disambiguation).
Jean Racine
–
Jean Racine
Jean Racine
–
Jean Racine on the 1989
USSR commemorative stamp
10.
Charles de Gaulle
–
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French general and statesman. He was the leader of Free France and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, in 1958, he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the 18th President of France, a position he held until his resignation in 1969. He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era, born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912. He was an officer of the First World War, wounded several times. During the interwar period, he advocated mobile armoured divisions, during the German invasion of May 1940, he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders, he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War. Refusing to accept his governments armistice with Nazi Germany, de Gaulle exhorted the French population to resist occupation and he led a government in exile and the Free French Forces against the Axis. Despite frosty relations with Britain and especially the United States, he emerged as the leader of the French resistance. He became Head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic in June 1944, frustrated by the return of petty partisanship in the new Fourth Republic, he resigned in early 1946 but continued to be politically active as founder of the RPF party. He retired in the early 1950s and wrote his War Memoirs, when the Algerian War was ripping apart the unstable Fourth Republic, the National Assembly brought him back to power during the May 1958 crisis. De Gaulle founded the Fifth Republic with a presidency. He granted independence to Algeria and progressively to other French colonies and he restored cordial Franco-German relations to create a European counterweight between the Anglo-American and Soviet spheres of influence. However, he opposed any development of a supranational Europe, favouring a Europe of sovereign nations, De Gaulle openly criticised the US intervention in Vietnam and the exorbitant privilege of the US dollar. In his later years, his support for an independent Quebec, De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after losing a referendum in which he proposed more decentralization. He died a year later at his residence in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, leaving his Presidential memoirs unfinished, many French political parties and figures claim the Gaullist legacy. De Gaulle was ranked as Le Plus Grand Français de tous les temps, De Gaulle was born in the industrial region of Lille in the Nord departement, the third of five children. He was raised in a devoutly Catholic and traditional family and his father, Henri de Gaulle, was a professor of history and literature at a Jesuit college who eventually founded his own school. Henri de Gaulle came from a line of parliamentary gentry from Normandy and Burgundy. De Gaulles mother, Jeanne, descended from a family of entrepreneurs from Lille
Charles de Gaulle
–
Charles de Gaulle in 1961
Charles de Gaulle
–
De Gaulle's birth house in
Lille, now a national museum
Charles de Gaulle
–
A plaque in
Dinant commemorating the place where Charles de Gaulle, then an infantry lieutenant, was wounded while crossing the
Meuse in 1914
Charles de Gaulle
–
Charles de Gaulle (far right) with
Andrew McNaughton,
Władysław Sikorski, and
Winston Churchill
11.
La Pointe Courte
–
La Pointe Courte is a 1955 French drama film directed by Agnès Varda. The film was Vardas debut, and has cited by many critics as a forerunner of the French New Wave. The film takes place in Sète, la pointe courte is a quarter of the town known as the fishermans village. A young man arrives at a station to see his wife. After four years of marriage the couple are having problems of a somewhat existential nature—the wife loves her husband, the couple discuss their lives, and become resigned to the fact that they belong together, even if their love has changed. They return to Paris, the now better understanding her husbands nature because shes seen his hometown. Varda originally went to La Pointe Courte to take pictures for a friend who could no longer visit her home. After seeing the footage she took there, she rented a camera to shoot a film about a couple from Paris who were visiting La Pointe Courte, Varda set up her own co-op and began production. The budget for the film was low budget costing $14,000, roughly one fourth the budget of other films of the era including The 400 Blows. No members of the cast or crew were paid during the production, the Paris premiere of the film was in 1956 at the Studio Parnasse. It played with Jean Vigos documentary film À propos de Nice, a history of the French new wave cinema. La Pointe Courte at AllMovie La Pointe Courte at the Internet Movie Database La Pointe Courte at the TCM Movie Database
La Pointe Courte
–
La Pointe Courte
12.
Bowl cut
–
It is so named because it looks as though someone put a bowl on the head and cut off or trimmed short all the visible hair. A bowl cut is known for being a cheap and easy haircut often sported by children. Historically, the haircut was popular among common people of various nationalities as an easy. Indeed, it was done by putting a cooking pot of a fit size to the level of the ears, in some cultures it was a normal type of haircut. In other cultures the bowl cut was viewed as an attribute of poverty, signifying that the wearer could not afford to visit a barber
Bowl cut
–
A boy sporting a bowl cut
Bowl cut
–
A 1920s
Soviet Ukrainian poster; the man on the left sports a bowl cut
Bowl cut
–
Dee Dee Ramone 's Beatles-inspired bowl cut.
13.
Georges Franju
–
Georges Franju was a French filmmaker. He was born in Fougères, Ille-et-Vilaine, before working in French cinema, Franju had several different jobs. These included working for a company and a noodle factory. Franju was also briefly in the military in Algeria and was discharged in 1932, on his return, Franju studied to become a set designer and later created backdrops for music halls including Casino de Paris and the Folles Bergère. In the mid-thirties, Franju and Henri Langlois met through Franjus twin brother Jacques Franju, the club showed silent films from their own collections followed by an informal debate about them amongst members. From Le Cercle du Cinema, Franju and Langlois founded the Cinématheque Française in 1936, in 1937, Franju and Langlois co-founded another less successful film journal titled Cinematographe which had only two issues. In early 1940, Franju and Dominique Johansen co-founded another organization to promote cinema called Circuit Cinématographique des Arts et des Sciences which closed on 31 May 1940, in 1949, Franju began work on a series of nine documentary films. The Nazi occupation of Paris and the industrialism following World War II influenced Franjus early works and his first documentary, The Blood of Beasts was a graphic film of a day inside a Paris slaughterhouse. The second documentary, commissioned by the government in 1950, was Passing By the Lorraine, the film was commissioned as a celebration of the modernization of the French industry, but Franjus film showed his view of the ugliness spewing forth from monstrous factories. Franjus third film commissioned by the French government, Hôtel des Invalides, was a look at life inside a veterans hospital, the film was commissioned as a tribute to the hospital and the War Museum, but Franju turned it into a film against the glorification of militarism. Franju later said that Hôtel des Invalides was his favorite of his three slaughter films, with Head Against the Wall in 1958, Franju turned toward fiction feature films. His second feature was the horror film Eyes Without a Face about a surgeon who tries to repair his daughters ruined face by grafting on to it the faces of beautiful women and his 1963 film Judex was a tribute to the silent film serials Judex and Fantomas. In Franjus later years his work became less frequent. Franju occasionally directed for television and in the seventies he retired from filmmaking to preside over the Cinématheque Française. Georges Franju died on 5 November 1987, Franjus focus was on the visual aspect of filmmaking, which he claimed marked a director as an auteur. Franju claimed to not have the story writing gift and was focused on what he described as the putting into form of the film, Franju was also extremely influenced by surrealism. He used elements of surrealism and shock horror within his films in order to “awaken” his audience, Franju had a long history of friendship with well-known surrealists including Andre Breton, and the influence of this movement is extremely evident in his works. Franju uses these elements to link horror, history, and a commentary on modernity’s ideal of progress
Georges Franju
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Georges Franju
14.
Jean-Paul Rappeneau
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Jean-Paul Rappeneau is a French film director and screenwriter. He started out in film as an assistant and screenwriter collaborating with Louis Malle on Zazie dans le metro in 1960, in 1964, he was co-screenwriter for L Homme de Rio, which starred Jean-Paul Belmondo. The first film that he wrote and directed was A Matter of Resistance in 1965. Although it was a critical and popular success, he did not make another film until 1971. Since 1975, Rappeneau has written only for his own films, including Le Sauvage, starring Yves Montand and Tout feu, tout flamme, again with Montand, who co-starred with Isabelle Adjani. Rappeneaus film version is the most elaborate film version of the play ever made and it is the only rendition of the play in the original French to be released widely. The 2003 comedy Bon voyage, co-written with Patrick Modiano, again starred Depardieu, Jean-Paul Rappeneau at the Internet Movie Database
Jean-Paul Rappeneau
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Rappeneau in 2009
15.
Yves Robert
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Yves Robert was a French actor, screenwriter, director, and producer. Robert was born in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, in his teens, he went to Paris to pursue a career in acting, starting with unpaid parts on stage in the citys various theatre workshops. From ages 12–20 he set type as a typographer, then studied mime in his early 20s, in 1948 he made his motion picture debut with one of the secondary roles in the film, Les Dieux du dimanche. Within a few years, Robert was writing scripts, directing, Yves Roberts directorial efforts included several successful comedies for which he had written the screenplay. His 1962 film, La Guerre des boutons won Frances Prix Jean Vigo and his 1972 film Le grand blond avec une chaussure noire won the Silver Bear at the 23rd Berlin International Film Festival in 1973. In 1976, Un éléphant ça trompe énormément, starring his wife, Roberts 1973 devastating comedy Salut lartiste is considered by many performers to be the ultimate film about the humiliations of the actors life. In 1977, he directed another comedy, Nous irons tous au paradis, in 1990, Robert directed two dramatic films, My Mothers Castle and My Fathers Glory. Based on autobiographical novels by Marcel Pagnol, they were jointly voted Best Film at the 1991 Seattle International Film Festival, over his career, he directed more than twenty feature-length motion pictures, wrote an equal number of scripts, and acted in more than seventy-five films. Although his last major role was perhaps in 1980, A Bad Son by Claude Sautet, as the father of a drug-dealer. Robert played opposite Danièle Delorme in the 1951 play Colombe by Jean Anouilh and they married in 1956, and jointly formed the film production company La Guéville in 1961. He died in Paris on 10 May 2002 from a cerebral hemorrhage and he was buried in Montparnasse Cemetery with the epitaph A man of joy. Where visitors leave buttons of many colors and he was survived by Danièle and two children, Anne and Jean-Denis Robert, by first wife, actress Rosy Varte. That months Cannes Film Festival paid homage to his contribution to French film, some films were also re-made in Hollywood. The Tall Blond Man With One Black Shoe, a spy spoof featuring physical comedic skills of Pierre Richard, pardon Mon Affaire, a sexy farce with Jean Rochefort, became The Woman in Red. La Gloire de Mon Pere + Le Chateau de Ma Mere 1990–19912002,2005 &2012 Blu-ray The Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe + The Return of the Tall Blond Man 1972,1974 Ni vu. ni connu. 2009 Yves Robert at the Internet Movie Database Clips from La Gloire de mon Père 1990 Yves Robert in French Wiki Yves Robert, dialogue avec Jérôme Tonnerre, Paris, Flammarion,1996,394 p
Yves Robert
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Yves Robert (1979)
16.
Alexandre le Bienheureux
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Very Happy Alexander is a 1968 French comedy film, directed by Yves Robert, starring Philippe Noiret, Marlène Jobert and Françoise Brion. This was comic actor Pierre Richards second appearance on film, playing a secondary role toward the end of the plot, the film has been released on DVD on 4 May 2004. Philippe Noiret plays a henpecked childless farmer that lives oppressed by his authoritarian and materialistic wife, whenever he attempts to take a small rest, indulge in any distraction, or simply falls asleep out of exhaustion, there she is chasing him to move on. When she and her parents are killed in a car accident, he decides that the time has come to take it easy and enjoy life a little, sets all his livestock free. The only clue that he is alive is his dog. Concerns about Alexanders fate are the center of the towns gossip, after several attempts, a delegation sent by the citizens finds he has retired—to his bed. This creates no small social upheaval in this working-class small French town where hard work is regarded as a virtue, and hence his attitude is viewed as a scandal and a menace
Alexandre le Bienheureux
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Very Happy Alexander
17.
Cannes Film Festival
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Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès. On 1 July 2014, co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+ Pierre Lescure took over as President of the festival, the Board of Directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the festival. The 2016 Cannes Film Festival took place between 11 and 22 May 2016, australian film director George Miller was the President of the Jury. I, Daniel Blake, directed by British director Ken Loach, in 2017, The Festival de Cannes will celebrate its 70th anniversary edition from May 17 to 28. In 1947, the festival was held as the Festival du film de Cannes, at that time the principle of equality was introduced, with a jury made up of only one representative per country. The festival is now held at the Palais des Festivals, expressly constructed for the occasion, although for its 1949 inaugural the roof was unfinished, the festival was not held in 1948 and 1950 on account of budgetary problems. Although its origins may be attributed in part to the French desire to compete with Autumns Venice Film Festival, in 1955, the Palme dOr was created, replacing the Grand Prix du Festival which had been given until that year. In 1957, Dolores del Rio was the first female member of the jury as a Sélection officielle – Member, in 1959, the Marché du Film was founded, giving the festival a commercial character and facilitating exchanges between sellers and buyers in the film industry. Today it has become the first international platform for film commerce, in 1962, the International Critics Week was born, created by the French Union of Film Critics as the first parallel section of the Cannes Film Festival. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors all over the world. In 1965, an hommage was paid to Jean Cocteau after his death, the next year, Olivia de Havilland was named the first female president of the festival. The 1968 festival was halted on 19 May, some directors, such as Carlos Saura and Miloš Forman, had withdrawn their films from the competition. The filmmakers achieved the reinstatement of the President, and they founded the Film Directors Society that same year, during the 1970s, important changes occurred in the Festival. In 1972, Robert Favre Le Bret was named the new President and he immediately introduced an important change in the selection of the participating films. Until that date, the different countries chose which films would represent them in the festival, Bessy created one committee to select French films, and another for foreign films. In 1978, Gilles Jacob assumed the President position, introducing the Caméra dOr award, in 1983, a new, much bigger Palais des Festivals et des Congrès was built to host the Festival. It was nicknamed The Bunker and provoked many reactions against it, in 1984, Pierre Viot replaced Robert Favre Le Bret as President of the Festival. It was not until 1995 that Gilles Jacob created the last section of the Official Selection and its aim was to support the creation of works of cinema in the world and to contribute to the entry of the new scenario writers in the circle of the celebrities
Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
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Cannes Film Festival
Cannes Film Festival
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Stars posing for photographers are a part of Cannes folklore.
Cannes Film Festival
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Palme d'Or awarded to
Apocalypse Now at the
1979 Cannes Film Festival
18.
Jean-Paul Belmondo
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Jean-Paul Belmondo is a French actor initially associated with the New Wave of the 1960s and one of the biggest French film stars of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. His best known credits include Breathless and That Man from Rio, Belmondo was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, west of Paris. Belmondos father, Paul Belmondo, was a Pied-Noir sculptor who was born in Algeria of Italian descent, whose parents were of Sicilian, as a boy he was more interested in sport than school, developing a particular interest in boxing and soccer. Belmondo made his boxing debut on 10 May 1949 in Paris when he knocked out Rene DesMarais in one round. Belmondos boxing career was undefeated, but brief and he won three straight first round knockout victories from 1949 to 1950. I stopped when the face I saw in the begin to change. As part of his military service, he served in Algeria as a private for six months. His last teenage years were spent at a drama school. He studied under Raymond Giraud then when to the Conservatoire of Dramatic Arts when he was twenty and he studied there for three years. The incident did make front page news, Belmondos acting career properly began in 1953, with two performances at Theatre deAtelier in Paris, Jean Anouilhs Medee and Georges Neveuxs Zamore. Belmondo began touring the provinces with friends including Annie Girardot and Guy Bedos, Belmondo first appeared in the short Moliere. Belmondo had a role in the comedy Be Beautiful But Shut Up, followed by a role as a gangster in Young Sinners. Jean Luc Godard directed him in a short, Charlotte and Her Boyfriend and he supported Bourvil and Arletty in Sunday Encounter. Belmondos first lead role was in Les copains du dimanche and he had a supporting part in An Angel on Wheels with Romy Schneider then appeared in Web of Passion for Claude Chabrol. He played Dartgnan in The Three Musketeers for French television, around this time he had a notable success on stage in Oscar in Paris which led to being offered the leads in star parts. The first of these was Consider All Risks, a story with Lino Ventura. The second was in Jean-Luc Godards Breathless, which him a major figure in the French New Wave. In the words of the New York Times it led to his having more acting assignments than he can handle and he followed it with Trapped by Fear, then the Italian film Letters By a Novice
Jean-Paul Belmondo
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Belmondo at the
2001 Cannes Film Festival
Jean-Paul Belmondo
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Jean-Paul Belmondo at the
1988 Cannes Film Festival.
Jean-Paul Belmondo
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Jean-Paul Belmondo's handprint on the pavement in front of the
Palais des Festivals et des Congrès in
Cannes.
Jean-Paul Belmondo
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Belmondo at the
2011 Cannes Film Festival.
19.
La Grande Bouffe
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La Grande Bouffe is a 1973 French–Italian film directed by Marco Ferreri. It stars Marcello Mastroianni, Ugo Tognazzi, Michel Piccoli, Philippe Noiret, the film tells the story of four friends who gather in a villa for the weekend with the express purpose of eating themselves to death. Bouffer is French slang for eating, the first protagonist, Ugo, owner and chef of a restaurant, The Biscuit Soup, decides to commit suicide, probably because of misunderstandings with his wife. The third character is Marcello, an Alitalia pilot and womaniser, the fourth and final main character is Michel, who is an effeminate television producer, divorced and tired of his monotonous life. The four come together by car to the beautifully furnished but unused villa owned by Philippe, once alone, the four begin their binge. In one scene Marcello and Ugo race each other to see who can eat oysters faster and they discuss organizing a little feminine presence and decide to invite three prostitutes to come to the house the following evening. The four willingly invite the class not only into the garden but also to view the old Bugatti in the garage, above all, they get to know Andrea, the young and buxom teacher, whom they spontaneously invite to dinner that evening. Philippe is dismayed at the notion of the teacher being in the same company as three prostitutes, he warns her but she appears not to be perturbed. The prostitutes arrive in due course and the atmosphere becomes frivolous, Andrea arrives and embraces the spirit of the party. She is attracted to Philippe, who proposes to marry her, Ugo is responsible for the preparation of the food. Michel, who seems to have brought up strictly not to fart. His friends encourage him to let go and fart, frightened by the turn of events, the prostitutes flee at dawn and leave only Andrea. She seems to sense the purpose of the protagonists and decides to help them in their efforts, establishing a tacit agreement, the first to die is Marcello, after being enraged with his own impotence, he goes to the toilet and causes the sanitary pipes to explode. The house is flooded with excrement and he becomes exasperated and realizing the futility of the farce, decides to leave the house at night during a snow storm in the old Bugatti that he had repaired earlier in the day with great delight. His friends find him the morning, frozen in the driving seat. The first suggestion is to bury Marcello in the garden, but on the advice of Philippe they place the body in the cold room. After Marcello comes Michel, who already suffering from indigestion and crammed to capacity with food suffers an attack of bowel movements while playing the piano, amid flatulence and worse he collapses on the terrace. His friends place him in the room next to Marcello
La Grande Bouffe
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La Grande Abbuffata
20.
The Gold Rimmed Glasses
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Gli occhiali doro is a 1987 Italian drama film directed by Giuliano Montaldo, starring Philippe Noiret, Rupert Everett and Valeria Golino. Set in Ferrara and in a seaside resort in 1938, the plot follows a Jewish student. The film is an adaptation of Giorgio Bassanis novel The Gold Rimmed Spectacles and it entered the main competition at the 1987 Venice Film Festival, where it won two Golden Osellas for Best Costume Design and Best Set Design. For his soundtrack Ennio Morricone won the David di Donatello for Best Score, the corpse of a man, drowned in the river Po, is brought to shore by fishermen. The mans broken gold rimmed glasses lay stuck in the mud next to him and his story is told in flashback. Ferrara,1938 – Doctor Athos Fadigati is a middle age otolaryngologist with a pediatric practice. Cultured and well off, he belongs to the bourgeois society. While walking around town, Dr Fadigati meets Nora, the daughter of one of his friends. The warmhearted doctor purchases a painting and gives it to Nora as a gift for her ailing father, Nora is the last member of the Treves, a Jewish family whose fortune has fluctuated through the years. Nora is in love with Davide Lattes, a literature student at the university of Bologna. Davide is also Jewish and lives comfortably with his parents and young sister and their way of life is threatened as the fascist regime of Mussoolini begins to apply antisemitic measures. Davide is worried particularly after one of his university professor is laid off for being Jewish, davides concerns are not shared by his father, who plays down the news of the persecution of Jews in Germany. The father thinks that something similar could not take place in Italy, noras father dies and her attitude changes as she takes over her fathers business deals. She and Davide are very much in love, one night after making love, Nora is able to tell Davide that she loves him for the first time. Davide, as many students in Ferrara, commutes daily by train to the university in Bologna. Twice a week, the solitary bespectacled Fadigati takes the same train, eventually the doctor befriends the students, some of which were his patients when they were children. There are rumors around town that the doctor is homosexual. One of the students, Eraldo, is certain that the doctor is gay, Eraldo, an amateur boxer, invites Dr. Fadigati to see him fight
The Gold Rimmed Glasses
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Theatrical release poster
21.
Ferrara
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Ferrara is a city and comune in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. It is situated 50 kilometres north-northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, the town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the 14th and 15th centuries, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance it has qualified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Modern times have brought a renewal of industrial activity, Ferrara is on the main rail line from Bologna to Padua and Venice, and has branches to Ravenna, Poggio Rusco and Codigoro. Ferrara appears first in a document of the Lombard king Desiderius of 753 AD, Desiderius pledged a Lombard ducatus ferrariae in 757 to Pope Stephen II. Obizzo II dEste was proclaimed ruler of Ferrara five hundred years later. He also became seignior of nearby Modena in 1288 and of Reggio in 1289, in 1452 the Este rulers were created Dukes of Modena and Reggio, and in 1471 Ferrara also became a duchy. In 1597, when Alfonso II died without heirs, the House of Este lost Ferrara to the Papal States. Ferrara remained a part of the Papal States from 1598 to 1859, with an interruption during the Napoleonic period, in 1859 it became part of the Kingdom of Italy. A fortress was constructed by Pope Paul V on the site of the castle called Castel Tedaldo, at the south-west angle of the town, all of the fortress was dismantled following the birth of the Kingdom of Italy and the bricks used for new constructions all over the town. On August 23,1944, the Ferrara synthetic rubber plant was a target of Strategic bombing during World War II, the town is still surrounded by more than 9 kilometres of ancient walls, mainly built in the 15th and 16th-centuries. Along with those of Lucca, they are the best preserved Renaissance walls in Italy, the imposing brick Castello Estense sited in the very centre of the town is iconic of Ferrara. The castle, erected in 1385, is surrounded by a moat, the pavilions on the top of the towers date from the 16th-century refurbishment. The City Hall, renovated in the 18th century, was the residence of the Este family. Close by it is the former Cathedral of San Giorgio, The Romanesque lower part of the main façade, according to a now lost inscription the church had been commissioned by Guglielmo I of Adelardi. The sculpture of the portal was signed by a Nicholaus. The upper part of the main façade, with arcades of pointed arches, dates from the 13th century, the recumbent lions guarding the entrance are copies of the originals, now in the narthex of the church. An elaborate 13th-century relief depicting the Last Judgement is found in the story of the porch
Ferrara
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The Castle Estense
Ferrara
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Ferrara City Hall.
Ferrara
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The Renaissance walls.
Ferrara
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The
Castle Estense.
22.
Rupert Everett
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Rupert James Hector Everett is an English actor and writer. He co-starred with Eva Green in Tim Burtons film Miss Peregrines Home for Peculiar Children, Everett was born in Burnham Deepdale, Norfolk, to Major Anthony Michael Everett, who worked in business and served in the British Army, and wife Sara. He has a brother, Simon Anthony Cunningham Everett and his maternal grandfather, Vice Admiral Sir Hector Charles Donald Maclean, was a nephew of Scottish military man Hector Lachlan Stewart MacLean, who received the Victoria Cross. His maternal grandmother, Opre Vyvyan, was a descendant of the baronets Vyvyan of Trelowarren and he is of English, Irish, Scottish, and more distant German and Dutch, ancestry. Everett was brought up as a Roman Catholic, in order to support himself during this time, he worked as a prostitute for drugs and money—he disclosed this information in an interview for US magazine in 1997. After being dismissed from the Central School of Speech and Drama for insubordination, he travelled to Scotland, everetts break came in 1981 at the Greenwich Theatre and later West End production of Another Country, playing a gay schoolboy opposite Kenneth Branagh. His first film was the Academy Award-winning short A Shocking Accident, directed by James Scott and this was followed by a film version of Another Country in 1984 with Cary Elwes and Colin Firth. Following on with Dance With a Stranger, Everett began to develop a film career until he co-starred with Bob Dylan in the huge flop Hearts of Fire. Around the same time, Everett recorded and released an album of pop songs entitled Generation of Loneliness, despite being managed by the largely successful pop svengali Simon Napier-Bell, the public didnt take to his change in direction. In 1989, Everett moved to Paris, writing a novel, Hello, Darling, and coming out as gay, a disclosure which he has said may well have damaged his career. Returning to the eye in The Comfort of Strangers, several films of variable success followed. The Italian comics character Dylan Dog, created by Tiziano Sclavi, is inspired by him. Everett, in turn, later appeared in an adaptation based on Sclavis novel, in 1995 he released a second novel, The Hairdressers of St. Tropez. Around the same time, he starred as the villainous Sanford Scolex/Dr, claw in Disneys Inspector Gadget with Matthew Broderick. For the 21st century, Everett has decided to write again and he has been a Vanity Fair contributing editor, has written for The Guardian and wrote a film screenplay on playwright Oscar Wildes final years, for which he sought funding. In 2006 Everett published a memoir, Red Carpets and Other Banana Skins, since the revelation of his sexuality, Everett has participated in public activities, played a double role in the film St. Trinians, and has appeared on TV several times. He has also garnered attention for his shocking comments and remarks during interviews that have caused public outrage. In May 2007, he delivered one of the eulogies at the funeral of fashion director Isabella Blow and he stated as part of his speech, “Have you gotten what you wanted, Issie
Rupert Everett
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Everett at the 2007
Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras
Rupert Everett
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Rupert Everett at the
2004 Cannes Film Festival.
Rupert Everett
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Everett at a speed dating event with
When The Music Stops, for Channel 4's The Friday Night Project in July 2007
23.
Vieux Fusil
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Le vieux fusil is a 1975 French film directed by Robert Enrico, and starring Philippe Noiret, Romy Schneider and Jean Bouise. It won the 1976 César Award for Best Film, Best Actor and Best Music, the film is based on the Massacre of Oradour-sur-Glane in 1944. In Montauban in 1944, during the German retreat from France, Julien Dandieu is an ageing, frightened by the German army entering Montauban, Dandieu asks his friend Francois to drive his wife and his daughter to the remote village where he owns a chateau. One week later, Dandieu sets off to them for the weekend. He finds that all the villagers have been herded into the church, in the château, now occupied by the Germans, he finds his daughter shot and his wife immolated by a flame-thrower. Dandieu decides to kill as many Germans as possible to avenge his family, trapped inside the castle, the Germans begin to think they are surrounded by many partisans and do not realise that he is, in fact, the only one. When a Resistance detachment drops by, Dandieu refuses their offer to help him, eventually, with no more cartridges for the shotgun, he collects the flame-thrower which killed his beloved wife and uses it to kill the leading SS officer as he is about to commit suicide. Alerted by the partisans, the inhabitants of a nearby village, Dandieu is picked up by Francois, but has suffered a nervous breakdown following the aftermath of the slaughter, behaving as if his family was still alive. The film ends with a flashback to one of his happier days now gone, château de Bruniquel, the landmark of the village, where most of the film was shot. Le vieux fusil at the Internet Movie Database Le vieux fusil at AllMovie Le vieux fusil at Rotten Tomatoes
Vieux Fusil
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Theatrical release poster
24.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock KBE was an English film director and producer, at times referred to as The Master of Suspense. He pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres and he had a successful career in British cinema with both silent films and early talkies and became renowned as Englands best director. Hitchcock moved to Hollywood in 1939, and became a US citizen in 1955 and he also fashioned for himself a recognisable directorial style. Hitchcocks stylistic trademarks include the use of movement that mimics a persons gaze. In addition, he framed shots to maximise anxiety, fear, or empathy and his work often features fugitives on the run alongside icy blonde female characters. Prior to 1980, there had long been talk of Hitchcock being knighted for his contribution to film, Hitchcock later received his knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in the 1980 New Year Honours. Hitchcock directed more than fifty films in a career spanning six decades and is often regarded as one of the most influential directors in cinematic history. His flair was for narrative, cruelly withholding crucial information and engaging the emotions of the audience like no one else, Hitchcocks first thriller, The Lodger, A Story of the London Fog, helped shape the thriller genre in film. His 1929 film, Blackmail, is cited as the first British sound feature film, while Rear Window, Vertigo, North by Northwest. Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was born on 13 August 1899 in Leytonstone and he was the second son and the youngest of three children of William Hitchcock, a greengrocer and poulterer, and Emma Jane Hitchcock. He was named after his fathers brother, Hitchcock was raised as a Roman Catholic, and sent to Salesian College, Battersea, and the Jesuit grammar school St Ignatius College in Stamford Hill, London. His parents were both of half-English and half-Irish ancestry and he often described a lonely and sheltered childhood that was worsened by his obesity. Around age five, Hitchcock recalled that to him for behaving badly. This incident implanted a lifelong fear of policemen in Hitchcock, and such harsh treatment, sources vary on Hitchcocks performance in school. Gene Adair reports that by most accounts, Alfred was only an average, or slightly above-average, however, McGilligan writes that Hitchcock certainly excelled academically. When Hitchcock was 15, his father died, in that same year, he left St. Ignatius to study at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation in Poplar, London. After leaving, he became a draftsman and advertising designer with a company called Henleys. Hitchcock joined a regiment of the Royal Engineers in 1917
Alfred Hitchcock
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Studio publicity photo, circa 1955.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Hitchcock (right) during the making of
Number 13 in London
Alfred Hitchcock
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Hitchcock with
Chandran Rutnam (centre) and Sri Lankan film maker Anton Wickremasinghe at the
Academy Awards in Los Angeles.
Alfred Hitchcock
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Cary Grant and
Ingrid Bergman in
Notorious (1946)
25.
Topaz (1969 film)
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Topaz is a 1969 American espionage thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock. S. Discover the presence of Russian offensive missiles in Cuba, the film stars Frederick Stafford, Dany Robin, John Vernon, Karin Dor, Michel Piccoli, Philippe Noiret, Claude Jade, Michel Subor and John Forsythe. In Copenhagen in 1962, a high-ranking Soviet intelligence officer, Boris Kusenov, during de-briefing, CIA agent Mike Nordstrom learns that Russian missiles with nuclear warheads are to be placed in Cuba. Devereaux decides to accompany his daughter Michèle on her honeymoon to NYC with son-in-law François Picard and he bribes Uribe to take the documents from Parras office to photograph. Parra catches Dubois photographing the documents, chased and shot at by Cuban revolutionaries, Dubois purposefully knocks into Devereaux—who was watching events from the other side of the street—and slips him the camera. A red-headed Cuban guard helps Devereaux to get up, but lets him go, Dubois escapes into the crowd around the hotel. Dubois photos confirm that the Soviets are placing missiles in Cuba, Devereaux, despite his wifes accusations of infidelity, flies to Cuba. His mistress, Juanita de Cordoba, was the widow of a hero of the Revolution and this enables her to work undercover in the resistance. Upon his arrival, Devereaux finds Parra leaving Juanitas mansion, Devereaux asks Juanita to take photos of the missiles. Juanitas loyal domestic staff, Carlotta and Pablo Mendoza, pose as picnickers, pursued, the two hide the incriminating film before they are captured. During a mass rally and lengthy speech by the líder máximo, Parra, has heard from the tortured Carlotta Mendoza that Juanita is their leader. He embraces her, shooting her dead to save her from extreme torture, at the Havana airport, the Cuban authorities fail to find the microfilms on Deveraux. When Devereaux gets back, his wife has left him, Devereaux is to be recalled to Paris. Kusenov tells him about the existence of a Soviet spy organization called Topaz within the French intelligence service and he is given the name of NATO official Henri Jarré, who leaked documents to the KGB. He invites some of his old friends and colleagues, including Jarré, Devereaux tells the others about Topaz, in order to provoke some reaction. Jarré claims it is misinformation, and says that Kusenov died a year ago and he visits the leader of the spy ring, Jacques Granville. Devereaux, Nicole, and Granville were close friends from their days together in the French Resistance, Granville tells Jarré it was a mistake to say Kusenov was dead, the Americans will easily discover that Jarré is lying. As Jarré is leaving Granvilles house, Devereauxs wife arrives to meet Granville, Devereaux sends his son-in-law, François, to interview Jarré
Topaz (1969 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Topaz (1969 film)
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Claude Jade,
Michel Subor, and
Dany Robin in Topaz
26.
George Cukor
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George Dewey Cukor was an American film director. He mainly concentrated on comedies and literary adaptations and his career flourished at RKO when David O. Selznick, the studios Head of Production, assigned Cukor to direct several of RKOs major films, including What Price Hollywood. A Bill of Divorcement, Our Betters, and Little Women, when Selznick moved to MGM in 1933, Cukor followed and directed Dinner at Eight and David Copperfield for Selznick and Romeo and Juliet and Camille for Irving Thalberg. He was replaced as the director of Gone with the Wind, but he went on to direct The Philadelphia Story, Gaslight, Adams Rib, Born Yesterday, A Star Is Born, Bhowani Junction and he continued to work into the 1980s. Cukor was born on the Lower East Side of Manhattan in New York City, the child and only son of Hungarian Jewish immigrants Viktor, an assistant district attorney. His parents selected his middle name in honor of Spanish–American War hero George Dewey, as a result, he was ambivalent about his faith and dismissive of old world traditions from childhood, and as an adult he embraced Anglophilia to remove himself even further from his roots. As a teenager, Cukor frequently was taken to the New York Hippodrome by his uncle, infatuated with theatre, he often cut classes at DeWitt Clinton High School to attend afternoon matinees. During his senior year, he worked as a supernumerary with the Metropolitan Opera, earning 50¢ per appearance, following his graduation in 1917, Cukor was expected to follow in his fathers footsteps and pursue a career in law. He halfheartedly enrolled in the City College of New York, where he entered the Students Army Training Corps in October 1918 and his military experience was limited, Germany surrendered in early November, and Cukors duty ended after only two months. In 1925 he formed the C. F. and Z, Production Company with Walter Folmer and John Zwicki, which gave him his first opportunity to direct. Following their first season, he made his Broadway directorial debut with Antonia by Hungarian playwright Melchior Lengyel, then returned to Rochester, lasting only one season with the company was Bette Davis. Cukor later recalled, Her talent was apparent, but she did buck at direction and she had her own ideas, and though she only did bits and ingenue roles, she didnt hesitate to express them. For the next decades, Davis claimed she was fired. For the next few years, Cukor alternated between Rochester in the months and Broadway in the winter. His direction of a 1926 stage adaptation of The Great Gatsby by Owen Davis brought him to the attention of the New York critics. Writing in the Brooklyn Eagle, drama critic Arthur Pollock called it a piece of work by a director not nearly so well known as he should be. Cukor directed six more Broadway productions before departing for Hollywood in 1929, when Hollywood began to recruit New York theater talent for sound films, Cukor immediately answered the call. In December 1928, Paramount Pictures signed him to a contract that reimbursed him for his airfare and he arrived in Hollywood in February 1929, and his first assignment was to coach the cast of River of Romance to speak with an acceptable Southern accent
George Cukor
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Cukor in 1946
George Cukor
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Rehearsing with
Lee Remick in 1962
George Cukor
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Cukor at home in 1973
27.
Justine (1969 film)
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Justine is a drama film directed by George Cukor and Joseph Strick. It was written by Lawrence B. Marcus and Andrew Sarris, set in Alexandria in 1938, a young British schoolmaster named Darley meets Pursewarden, a British consular officer. Pursewarden introduces him to Justine, the wife of an Egyptian banker, Darley befriends her, and discovers she is involved in a plot against the British, the goal of which is to arm the Jewish underground movement in Palestine. He did some location shooting there, then got into fights with the executives at Fox and with star Anouk Aimee. When he did not hire others for the film as ordered by the studio and slept on the set while working on one of Aimees scenes, they fired him and he proceeded to bring the film to Hollywood where the remainder of the film was finished. It became a flop and received critical reviews. Some scenes were shot at Ennejma Ezzahra, a palace at Sidi Bou Said, list of American films of 1969 Justine at the Internet Movie Database
Justine (1969 film)
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Justine
28.
The Night of the Generals
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The Night of the Generals is a 1967 Franco-British-American Second World War crime mystery film directed by Anatole Litvak and produced by Sam Spiegel. It stars Peter OToole, Omar Sharif, Tom Courtenay, Donald Pleasence, Joanna Pettet, the screenplay by Joseph Kessel and Paul Dehn was loosely based on the beginning of the novel of the same name by German author Hans Hellmut Kirst. The writing credits include the line based on an incident written by James Hadley Chase. Gore Vidal is said to have contributed to the screenplay, but was not credited, the musical score was composed by Maurice Jarre. Parts of this film were shot on actual location in Warsaw. The last scenes of the film were shot in Munich, the murder of a prostitute in German-occupied Warsaw in 1942 causes Abwehr Major Grau to start an investigation, as she was also a German agent. His evidence soon points to the killer being one of three German general officers, General von Seidlitz-Gabler, General Kahlenberge, his chief of staff, Graus investigation, however, is cut short by his summary transfer to Paris at the instigation of these officers. The case in Warsaw remains closed all three officers meet in Paris in July 1944. Paris is then a hotbed of intrigue, with senior Wehrmacht officers plotting to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Kahlenberge is deeply involved in the plot, while von Seidlitz-Gabler is aware of its existence but is sitting on the fence, awaiting the outcome. Tanz is unaware of the plot and remains loyal to the Führer. When Grau, who is now a Lieutenant Colonel, learns of the murder, committed in the manner as the first, he resumes his investigation. However, his timing is unfortunate, because the next day. So when Grau accuses Tanz face to face, the general kills Grau, almost certain there is a connection to Graus 1942 case, Morand reopens the cold case and the film begins to shift between the Europe of the 1960s and the Europe of the 1940s. Years later, Morand begins to tie up the ends, he finds no criminal activity from Kahlenberge or Seidlitz-Gabler. Morand confronts Tanz at a dinner for Tanzs former panzer division. When Morand produces Hartmann as his witness, Tanz goes into a vacant room, both OToole and Sharif were hesitant to take on their roles for this film. Feeling they owed it to Producer Sam Spiegel for making them stars in Lawrence of Arabia. The Night of the Generals in the British Film Institutes Explore film
The Night of the Generals
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Theatrical release poster
29.
Nuovo Cinema Paradiso
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Cinema Paradiso is a 1988 Italian drama film written and directed by Giuseppe Tornatore. It won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards, Salvatore obviously shies from committed relationships and has not been to his home village of Giancaldo, Sicily in 30 years. As his girlfriend asks him who Alfredo is, Salvatore flashes back to his childhood and it is a few years after World War II. Six-year-old Salvatore is the mischievous, intelligent son of a war widow, nicknamed Toto, he discovers a love for films and spends every free moment at the movie house Cinema Paradiso. During the shows, the audience can be heard booing when there are missing sections, causing the films to suddenly jump, the local priest had ordered these sections censored, and the deleted scenes are piled on the projection room floor. At first, Alfredo considers Toto a bit of a pest, the montage ends as the movie house catches fire as Alfredo was projecting The Firemen of Viggiù after hours, on the wall of a nearby house. Salvatore saves Alfredos life, but not before a film reel explodes in Alfredos face, the Cinema Paradiso is rebuilt by a town citizen, Ciccio, who invests his football lottery winnings. Salvatore, still a child, is hired as the new projectionist, about a decade later, Salvatore, now in high school, is still operating the projector at the Cinema Paradiso. His relationship with the blind Alfredo has strengthened, and Salvatore often looks to him for help – advice that Alfredo often dispenses by quoting classic films. Salvatore has been experimenting with film, using a movie camera, and he has met. Salvatore woos – and wins – Elenas heart, only to lose her due to her fathers disapproval, as Elena and her family move away, Salvatore leaves town for compulsory military service. His attempts to write to Elena are fruitless, his letters are returned as undeliverable, upon his return from the military, Alfredo urges Salvatore to leave Giancaldo permanently, counseling that the town is too small for Salvatore to ever find his dreams. They tearfully embrace, and Salvatore leaves town to pursue his future, Salvatore has obeyed Alfredo, but he returns home to attend the funeral. Though the town has changed greatly, he now understands why Alfredo thought it was important that he leave, Salvatore learns that Cinema Paradiso is to be demolished to make way for a parking lot. At the funeral, he recognizes the faces of people who attended the cinema when he was the projectionist. He watches Alfredos reel and discovers that it comprises a special montage. It contains all of the scenes the priest had ordered cut from movies. Salvatore has made peace with his past, the famous town square is Piazza Umberto I in the village of Palazzo Adriano, about 30 miles to the south of Palermo
Nuovo Cinema Paradiso
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Original release poster
30.
Pablo Neruda
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Pablo Neruda was the pen name and, later, legal name of the Chilean poet-diplomat and politician Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto. He derived his pen name from the Czech poet Jan Neruda, Neruda won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971. Neruda became known as a poet when he was 10 years old and he often wrote in green ink, which was his personal symbol for desire and hope. The Colombian novelist Gabriel García Márquez once called Neruda the greatest poet of the 20th century in any language, harold Bloom included Neruda as one of the 26 writers central to the Western tradition in his book The Western Canon. On July 15,1945, at Pacaembu Stadium in São Paulo, Brazil, during his lifetime, Neruda occupied many diplomatic positions and served a term as a Senator for the Chilean Communist Party. When President González Videla outlawed communism in Chile in 1948, a warrant was issued for Nerudas arrest, friends hid him for months in the basement of a house in the port city of Valparaíso. Later, Neruda escaped through a pass near Maihue Lake into Argentina. Years later, Neruda was an advisor to Chiles socialist President Salvador Allende. When Neruda returned to Chile after his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, Neruda died in his house in Isla Negra on 23 September 1973 six and a half hours after that injection. Pinochet, backed by elements of the forces, denied permission for Nerudas funeral to be made a public event. However, thousands of grieving Chileans disobeyed the curfew and crowded the streets, soon after her death, Reyes moved to Temuco, where he married Trinidad Candia Marverde, a woman with whom he had had another child nine years earlier, a boy named Rodolfo. Neruda grew up in Temuco with Rodolfo and a half-sister, Laura and he composed his first poems in the winter of 1914. During this winter, he wrote often about dinosaurs, on July 18,1917, at the age of thirteen, he published his first work, an essay entitled Entusiasmo y perseverancia in the local daily newspaper La Mañana, signed Neftalí Reyes. From 1918 to mid-1920 he published poems, such as Mis ojos. In 1919, he participated in the literary contest Juegos Florales del Maule, by mid-1920, when he adopted the pseudonym Pablo Neruda, he was a published author of poems, prose, and journalism. He is thought to have named himself Neruda after the Czech poet Jan Neruda, the young poets intention in publishing under a pseudonym was to avoid his fathers disapproval of his poems. In 1921, at the age of 16, Neruda moved to Santiago to study French at the Universidad de Chile, both works were critically acclaimed and have been translated into many languages. Over the decades, Veinte poemas sold millions of copies and became Nerudas best-known work, almost one hundred years later, Veinte Poemas still retains its place as the best selling poetry book in the Spanish language
Pablo Neruda
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Pablo Neruda in 1963
Pablo Neruda
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Neruda as a young man
Pablo Neruda
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Neruda with his wife and
Erich Honecker in 1951
Pablo Neruda
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La Sebastiana, Neruda's house in
Valparaíso
31.
Il Postino
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Il Postino, The Postman is a 1994 Italian film directed by Michael Radford. The film was released in the US as The Postman. However, since the release of Kevin Costners post-apocalyptic film of the same name, the film tells a fictional story in which the real life Chilean poet Pablo Neruda forms a relationship with a simple postman who learns to love poetry. It stars Philippe Noiret, Massimo Troisi, and Maria Grazia Cucinotta, the screenplay was adapted by Anna Pavignano, Michael Radford, Furio Scarpelli, Giacomo Scarpelli, and Massimo Troisi from the novel Ardiente paciencia by Antonio Skármeta. In 1983, Skármeta himself wrote and directed the film Ardiente paciencia, writer/star Massimo Troisi postponed heart surgery so that he could complete the film. The day after filming was completed, he suffered a heart attack. Set in the year 1950, Pablo Neruda, the famous Chilean poet, is exiled to an island in Italy for political reasons. On the island, a local, Mario Ruoppolo, is dissatisfied with being a fisherman, Mario looks for other work and is hired as a temporary postman, with Neruda as his only customer. He uses his bicycle to hand deliver Nerudas mail, though poorly educated, the postman eventually befriends Neruda and becomes further influenced by Nerudas political views and poetry. Meanwhile, Mario falls in love with a young lady, Beatrice Russo. He is shy with her, but he enlists Nerudas help, Mario constantly asks Neruda if particular metaphors that he uses are suitable for his poems. Mario is able to communicate with Beatrice and express his love through poetry. Despite the aunts strong disapproval of Mario, because of his sensual poetry, the priest refuses to allow Mario to have Neruda as his best man because of politics, however, this is soon resolved. This was because Di Cosimo was the politician in office in the area with the Christian Democrats, at the wedding, Neruda receives the welcome news that there is no longer a Chilean warrant for his arrest so he returns to Chile. Mario writes a letter but never gets any reply, several months later, he receives a letter from Neruda. However, to his dismay, it is actually from his secretary, while there Mario comes upon an old phonograph and listens to the song he first heard when he met Neruda. Moved, he makes recordings of all the sounds on the island onto a cassette including the heartbeat of his soon-to-be-born child. Several years later, Neruda finds Beatrice and her son, Pablito in the old inn
Il Postino
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Theatrical release poster
32.
Bertrand Tavernier
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Bertrand Tavernier is a French director, screenwriter, actor and producer. Tavernier was born in Lyon, the son of Geneviève and René Tavernier and he says that his fathers publishing of a wartime resistance journal and aid to anti-Nazi intellectuals shaped his moral outlook as an artist. According to Tavernier, his father believed that words were as important, Tavernier wanted to become a filmmaker since the age of 13 or 14 years. He claims that his influences include filmmakers John Ford, William Wellman, Jean Renoir, Jean Vigo. Tavernier was influenced by the 1968 general strike in France and he associated with the OCI between 1973 and 1975, and was particularly struck by the writing of Leon Trotsky. The first film director with whom he worked was Jean-Pierre Melville, later, his first film won the Prix Louis Delluc and the Silver Bear – Special Jury Prize award at the 24th Berlin International Film Festival. He won the BAFTA for best film in a other than English in 1990 for Life and Nothing But. In 1995, his film LAppât won the Golden Bear Award at the 45th Berlin International Film Festival, four years later, his film It All Starts Today won an Honourable Mention at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival. His film The Princess of Montpensier competed for the Palme dOr at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival, Tavernier was married to screenwriter Claudine OHagen from 1965 to 1980. Their son, Nils Tavernier, works as both a director and actor and their daughter, Tiffany Tavernier, is a novelist, screenwriter and assistant director. Bertrand Tavernier at the Internet Movie Database Senses of Cinema, Great Directors Critical Database Emily Zants, Bertrand Tavernier, Fractured Narrative and Bourgeois Values, The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, MD, and London. com Bertrand Tavernier in Conversation with Melinda Camber Porter PDF
Bertrand Tavernier
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Tavernier in March 2010
33.
La Pointe courte
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La Pointe Courte is a 1955 French drama film directed by Agnès Varda. The film was Vardas debut, and has cited by many critics as a forerunner of the French New Wave. The film takes place in Sète, la pointe courte is a quarter of the town known as the fishermans village. A young man arrives at a station to see his wife. After four years of marriage the couple are having problems of a somewhat existential nature—the wife loves her husband, the couple discuss their lives, and become resigned to the fact that they belong together, even if their love has changed. They return to Paris, the now better understanding her husbands nature because shes seen his hometown. Varda originally went to La Pointe Courte to take pictures for a friend who could no longer visit her home. After seeing the footage she took there, she rented a camera to shoot a film about a couple from Paris who were visiting La Pointe Courte, Varda set up her own co-op and began production. The budget for the film was low budget costing $14,000, roughly one fourth the budget of other films of the era including The 400 Blows. No members of the cast or crew were paid during the production, the Paris premiere of the film was in 1956 at the Studio Parnasse. It played with Jean Vigos documentary film À propos de Nice, a history of the French new wave cinema. La Pointe Courte at AllMovie La Pointe Courte at the Internet Movie Database La Pointe Courte at the TCM Movie Database
La Pointe courte
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La Pointe Courte
34.
Zazie in the Metro (film)
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Zazie in the Metro is a 1960 French film directed by Louis Malle, based on the novel by Raymond Queneau. While her mother is away with her latest lover, 11-year-old Zazie comes to Paris to spend 3 days with her Uncle Gabriel, the childs scandalous language and disrespectful attitude toward her elders quickly convinces Gabriel that this will not be a routine visit. When Zazie learns that she not be able to ride the Metro because of a labor strike, she blames all adults for the situation. After a wild excursion in a taxi, she romps through the flea market and they become entangled in a group of tourists, and Zazie races down the tower steps while her uncle grabs a balloon and parachutes to the street. Together again, they get embroiled in a jam and a mad chase through the streets of the city. That night her uncle takes Zazie to the nightclub where he works, once more a brawl breaks out, and Zazie escapes with her uncles wife, Albertine. When the Metro strike is over, Zazies wish to ride the train is at last fulfilled, returned to her mother, who asks her what she did in Paris, Zazie replies that she has grown older. In the film, Zazie is younger than in the book, a digitally restored version of the film was released on DVD and Blu-ray by The Criterion Collection in June 2011. Zazie dans le Métro at the Internet Movie Database Zazie dans le Métro at AllMovie Zazie dans le Métro at Rotten Tomatoes Criterion Collection Essay by Ginette Vincendeau Designs by William Klein
Zazie in the Metro (film)
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Film poster
35.
Louis Malle
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Louis Marie Malle was a French film director, screenwriter, and producer. He was later nominated multiple times for Academy Awards later in his career, Malle is also one of the few directors to have won the Golden Lion multiple times. Malle worked in both French cinema and Hollywood, and he produced both French and English language films, Malle was born into a wealthy industrialist family in Thumeries, Nord, France, the son of Francoise and Pierre Malle. He initially studied political science at Sciences Po before turning to studies at IDHEC instead. He assisted Robert Bresson on A Man Escaped before making his first feature, a taut thriller featuring an original score by Miles Davis, Ascenseur pour léchafaud made an international film star of Jeanne Moreau, at the time a leading stage actress of the Comédie-Française. Malles The Lovers, which also starred Moreau, caused controversy due to its sexual content. In Jacobellis v. Ohio, an owner was fined $2,500 for obscenity. The decision was reversed by the higher court, which found that the film was not obscene. Malle is sometimes associated with the nouvelle vague movement, the second film earned Malle his first Academy Award nominations for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay Based on Factual Material or Material Not Previously Published or Produced. In 1968 Malle visited India and made a documentary series LInde fantôme, Reflexions sur un voyage and a documentary film Calcutta. Malle later claimed his documentary on India was his favorite film, Malle later moved to the United States and continued to direct there. His later films include Pretty Baby, Atlantic City, My Dinner with Andre, Crackers, Alamo Bay, Damage and Vanya on 42nd Street in English, Au revoir les enfants and Milou en Mai in French. Just as his films such as The Lovers helped popularize French films in the United States. Towards the end of his life, Malle was interviewed extensively for The Times by cultural correspondent Melinda Camber Porter, in 1993, the interviews were included in Camber Porters book Through Parisian Eyes, Reflections On Contemporary French Arts And Culture. Malle was married to Anne-Marie Deschodt from 1965 to 1967 and he had a son, Manuel Cuotemoc Malle with German actress Gila von Weitershausen and a daughter, filmmaker Justine Malle, with Canadian actress Alexandra Stewart. He married actress Candice Bergen in 1980 and they had one child, a daughter, Chloe Francoise Malle, on 8 November 1985. He died from lymphoma at their home in Beverly Hills, California, at 63 on Thanksgiving Day 23 November 1995
Louis Malle
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Louis Malle
36.
William Klein (photographer)
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He was ranked 25th on Professional Photographers list of 100 most influential photographers. Klein trained as a painter, studying under Fernand Léger, and he soon moved on to photography and achieved widespread fame as a fashion photographer for Vogue and for his photo essays on various cities. He has directed feature-length fiction films, numerous short and feature-length documentaries and has produced over 250 television commercials, Klein was born in New York City into an impoverished Jewish family. He graduated from school early and enrolled at the City College of New York at the age of 14 to study sociology. He joined the US Army and was stationed in Germany and later France, in 1948, Klein enrolled at the Sorbonne, and later studied with Fernand Léger. At the time, Klein was interested in painting and sculpture. In 1952, he had two solo exhibitions in Milan and began a collaboration with the architect Angelo Mangiarotti. Klein also experimented with art, and it was at an exhibition of his kinetic sculptures that he met Alexander Liberman. He moved on to photography and achieved fame as a fashion photographer for Vogue. Despite having no training as a photographer, Klein won the Prix Nadar in 1957 for New York. The world of fashion would become the subject for the first feature film Klein directed in 1966, Who Are You, which, like his other two fiction features, Mr. Freedom and The Model Couple, is a satire. He has produced over 250 television commercials, a long time tennis fan, in 1982 he directed The French, a documentary on the French Open tennis championship at Roland-Garros. A study of Broadway by night, Paris traffic jams for French TV. Film of Sonny Liston Cassius Clay fight in Miami, aux grands magasins with Simone Signoret. Collective film with segments contributed by Klein, Jean-Luc Godard, Chris Marker, Claude Lelouch, Alain Resnais, Joris Ivens, on Eldridge Cleaver, Black Panther Party leader. May 1968 in the Latin Quarter of Paris, a documentary about the French Open tennis tournament in 1981. Klein comments photographs by great photographers, based on Georg Friedrich Haendels oratorio Messiah directed by Marc Minkowski. With Delphine Seyrig, Jacques Seiler, Alice Sapritch, Philippe Noiret, Samy Frey, with Delphine Seyrig, John Abbey, Donald Pleasence, Jean-Claude Drouot and Serge Gainsbourg
William Klein (photographer)
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Klein at the
Cinémathèque française in 2008
37.
Marco Ferreri
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Marco Ferreri was an Italian film director, screenwriter and actor, who began his career in the 1950s directing three films in Spain, followed by 24 Italian films until his death in 1997. His best known film is La Grande Bouffe from 1973, starring Marcello Mastroianni, Michel Piccoli, Philippe Noiret and he died in Paris of a heart attack. His 1979 film Chiedo asilo won him the Silver Bear - Special Jury Prize at the 30th Berlin International Film Festival, in 1991, his film La casa del sorriso won the Golden Bear at the 41st Berlin International Film Festival. Two years later, his film Diario di un vizio was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival
Marco Ferreri
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Marco Ferreri
38.
The Clockmaker
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The Clockmaker is a 1974 French crime drama film directed by Bertrand Tavernier. It is based on the novel LHorloger dEverton by Georges Simenon, the film was entered into the 24th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Silver Bear - Special Jury Prize. Philippe Noiret as Michel Descombes Jean Rochefort as Insp, guilboud Jacques Denis as Antoine Yves Afonso as Insp
The Clockmaker
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Film poster
39.
The Judge and the Assassin
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The Judge and the Assassin is a 1976 French drama film directed by Bertrand Tavernier. The film won two César Awards in 1977 and it is based on the life of mass murderer Joseph Vacher. Philippe Noiret as Judge Rousseau Michel Galabru as Sgt, Joseph Bouvier Isabelle Huppert as Rose Jean-Claude Brialy as Villedieu, Attorney Renée Faure as Mme
The Judge and the Assassin
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Video tape cover
40.
Three Brothers (1981 film)
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Three Brothers is a 1981 Italian film based on a work by Andrei Platonov. It was directed by Francesco Rosi and stars Philippe Noiret, Vittorio Mezzogiorno, Michele Placido, the film won the Boston Society of Film Critics award for Best Foreign Film, and the Nastro dArgento for Best Director and Actor. It received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and it was screened out of competition at the 1981 Cannes Film Festival. In a farmhouse in southern Italy, an old woman, the matriarch of an Italian family and her husband summons their three sons, each of whom are facing difficult personal problems, back to their farmhouse. One of their sons, Raffaele, is a living in Rome, who is presiding over a terrorism case for which he risks assassination. Another son, Rocco, who lives in Naples, is religious and works as a counselor at an institute for boys. The third son, Nicola, who lives in Turin, is a factory involved in a labour dispute as well as a failed marriage. Each of the men grieves in his own way, while wrestling with the other emotional issues that are pressing on them. Meanwhile, the old man and his young granddaughter explore the rhythms of the farm and grieve together
Three Brothers (1981 film)
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Film poster
41.
Francesco Rosi
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Francesco Rosi was an Italian film director. His film The Mattei Affair won the Palme dOr at the 1972 Cannes Film Festival, Rosis films, especially those of the 1960s and 1970s, often appeared to have political messages. At the 2008 Berlin International Film Festival 13 of his films were screened, in a reserved for film-makers of outstanding quality. He received the Honorary Golden Bear for Lifetime Achievement, accompanied by the screening of his 1962 film Salvatore Giuliano, in 2012 the Venice Biennale awarded Rosi the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement. Rosi was born in Naples in 1922 and his father worked in the shipping industry, but was also a cartoonist and had, at one time, been reprimanded for his satirical drawings of Benito Mussolini and King Vittorio Emmanuel III. During the Second World War Rosi went to college alongside Giorgio Napolitano who was to become Italian President and he studied law and then embarked on a career as an illustrator of childrens books. At the same time he working as a reporter for Radio Napoli. There he became friendly with Raffaele La Capria, Aldo Giuffrè and Giuseppe Patroni Griffi and his show business career began in 1946 as an assistant to Ettore Giannini for the stage production of a work by Salvatore Di Giacomo. He then entered the industry and worked as an assistant to Luchino Visconti on La Terra Trema. He wrote several screenplays, including Bellissima and The City Stands Trial, in 1956 he co-directed, with Vittorio Gassman, the film Kean – Genio e sregolatezza, about the Shakespearean actor Edmund Kean. His emergence as a director is considered to be his 1958 film La sfida, based on the story of Camorra boss Pasquale Simonetti, known as Pasquale e Nola, the realist nature of this film caused a stir in alluding to mafia control of the government. Of the film, Rosi himself said, A director makes his first film with passion, but this is in fact a reworking of La Terra Trema, with the Visconti arias replaced by Zavattinis naturalism. Shipman writes, I magliari also concerns racketeers, and they are rival con-men preying on their compatriots, sordi, like the protagonist in La sfida, manages to antagonise his colleagues more than his rivals – and this was to be a continuing theme in Rosis films. The film examined the life of the Sicilian gangster Giuliano, using the technique of a series of flashbacks. Shipman suggests that the film, with a unity of the landscape. The film was awarded the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, Rosi himself explained the films purpose, What interests me passionately is how a character behaves in the relation to the collectivity of society. Im not making a study of character but of society, to understand what a man is like in his private drama you must begin to understand him in his public life. In The Moment of Truth, Rosi changed what was planned as a documentary about Spain in to a film about bullfighter Miguel Marco Miguelin, Shipman comments, The wide screen and colour footage of the corrida were incomparably superior to those seen outside Spain hitherto
Francesco Rosi
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Rosi at the
Cannes Film Festival, 1991
42.
Coup de Torchon
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Coup de Torchon is a 1981 French film adaptation of Jim Thompsons 1964 novel Pop. The film changes the setting from a West Texas oil boom town to a small town in French West Africa. The film had 2,199,309 Admissions in France and was the 16th most attended film of the year, in a little town in French West Africa in 1938, Lucien Cordier is the only policeman. Unable or unwilling to impose his authority, he is treated with scorn by everybody and his sexy wife Huguette has brought a lover, Nono, to live openly with them, claiming he is her brother. Lucien fancies the mischievous young bride Rose, but lets her husband beat her in the street unchallenged. The head of the company, Vanderbrouck, daily insults him for all to see. And the bane of his life is a pair of slimy pimps and it is the pimps that take him to the brink, so he gets on a train to consult his superior Chavasson, who tells him to act forcefully. On the train home is the new teacher for his town, Anne. Once back, he catches the two alone and, after shooting both dead, throws the corpses in the river. When Chavasson learns of this, he rushes down to question Lucien, having outwitted his boss and removed his prime tormentors, he starts on the others who have made his life a misery. Vanderbrouck is dropped in a privy and Roses husband, like the pimps, is shot dead, when his servant retrieves his masters body and brings it back to the house, Lucien has to kill the man too. Catching Nono peeping at Anne in her shower, he beats him up in the street, then he steals the money which his wife had been saving up in order to leave him and goes off to see the newly widowed Rose. His wife and Nono, reckoning that he is going to abscond with Rose, Lucien gives her the money and tells her to get away fast. All he has left in life is Anne, to whom he confesses his general malaise and she is ready to accept him but he says he is now incapable of love. In the closing shot, he is alone under a tree caressing a revolver
Coup de Torchon
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Theatrical poster
43.
Les Ripoux
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My New Partner is a 1984 French comedy film directed by Claude Zidi, starring Philippe Noiret and Thierry Lhermitte. Noiret plays a streetwise Paris policeman who takes kickbacks from the criminals on his beat to allow them to continue. At the start of the film, his partner is busted for corruption and he is assigned an idealistic new partner fresh from police academy. He sets out to corrupt his new partner and, after a slow start, the original French title is Les Ripoux, which can be translated as the corrupt ones. The term is verlan, a type of slang where syllables of words are pronounced in reverse order, ri-pou thus inverts pou-rri, the film is also known as Le Cop. It won the César Award for Best Film in 1985, two sequels were later made, Ripoux contre Ripoux and Ripoux 3
Les Ripoux
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Theatrical release poster
44.
Giuseppe Tornatore
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Giuseppe Tornatore is an Italian film director and screenwriter. He is considered as one of the directors who brought critical acclaim back to Italian cinema, in a career spanning over 30 years he is best known for directing and writing drama films such as The Legend of 1900, Malèna, Baarìa and The Best Offer. Probably his most noted film is Nuovo Cinema Paradiso, for which Tornatore won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film and he directed also several advertising campaigns for Dolce & Gabbana. Tornatore is also known for his association with composer Ennio Morricone. Born in Bagheria near Palermo, Tornatore developed an interest in acting and he worked initially as a freelance photographer. Then, switching to cinema, he made his debut with Le minoranze etniche in Sicilia and he then worked for RAI before releasing his first full-length film, Il Camorrista, in 1985. This evoked a response from audience and critics alike and Tornatore was awarded the Silver Ribbon for best new director. This obtained worldwide success and won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, subsequently Tornatore released several other films. In 2007 he won the Silver George for Best Director at the 29th Moscow International Film Festival for The Unknown Woman, Tornatore describes himself as one who does not believe and who regrets this. His brother, Francesco Tornatore, is a producer
Giuseppe Tornatore
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Giuseppe Tornatore
Giuseppe Tornatore
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Tornatore at the
1994 Cannes Film Festival.
45.
Patrice Leconte
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Patrice Leconte is a French film director, actor, comic strip writer, and screenwriter. Leconte grew up in Tours, and began making little amateur films at 15 and he went to Paris in 1967 and studied at Institut des hautes études cinématographiques. While attending film school in the late 1960s, Leconte also worked as cartoonist and he directed his first feature film in 1976, and had a number of major successes with comedy films that were barely distributed outside France. He first came to attention in 1989 with Monsieur Hire, which was shown at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. Although he had directed more than half a dozen features, many foreign critics, unfamiliar with his previous work. Ryan Mottesheard of IndieWIRE wrote, you could argue that no other foreign filmmaker has had as strong of an impact on United States arthouses. An English language remake of Lecontes film Man on the Train was remade by an independent Hollywood studio in 2011, Patrice Lecontes film, The Suicide Shop, was screened at the Newport Beach Film Festival in Newport Beach, California, on April 28 and May 2,2013. Lisa Downing, Patrice Leconte Patrice Leconte at the Internet Movie Database Patrice Leconte at Allmovie Short bio Interview with Patrice Leconte on The Widow of St. Pierre
Patrice Leconte
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Patrice Leconte in 2011
46.
Michel Boujenah
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Michel Boujenah is a French actor, comedian, film director and screenwriter. Michel Boujenah was born on 3 November 1952 in Tunis, Tunisia and he is the brother of Paul Boujenah, a film director, and the uncle of Matthieu Boujenah, a comedian. Boujenah has appeared in over twenty-five films and almost ten television productions and he has also directed three films and served as screenwriter on four films. com, Michel Boujenahs official website Michel Boujenah at the Internet Movie Database
Michel Boujenah
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Boujenah at the 2002
Cannes Film Festival in
Cannes,
France.
