1.
Newspaper
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A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, the journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print, the online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news, typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings. Papers also include articles which have no byline, these articles are written by staff writers, a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. As of 2017, newspapers may also provide information about new movies, most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded, their reliance on advertising revenue, the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high quality. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world, circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day. Worldwide annual revenue approached $100 billion in 2005-7, then plunged during the financial crisis of 2008-9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal. Besides remodeling advertising, the internet has also challenged the business models of the era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general and, more specifically, journalism. In addition, the rise of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from online newspapers. Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects, the oldest newspaper still published is the Gazzetta di Mantova, which was established in Mantua in 1664. While online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with Internet access, literacy is also a factor which prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers. Periodicity, They are published at intervals, typically daily or weekly. This ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly-emerging news stories or events, currency, Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows
2.
Broadsheet
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A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages. The term derives from types of popular prints usually just of a sheet, sold on the streets and containing various types of material. The first broadsheet newspaper was the Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid/compact formats. Many broadsheets measure approximately 29 1⁄2 by 23 1⁄2 inches per full broadsheet spread, australian and New Zealand broadsheets always have a paper size of A1 per spread. South African broadsheet newspapers have a spread sheet size of 820 by 578 mm or 32.3 by 22.8 in. Others measure 22 inches or 560 millimetres vertically, in the United States, the traditional dimensions for the front page half of a broadsheet are 15 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long. However, in efforts to save newsprint costs many U. S. newspapers have downsized to 12 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long for a folded page. Many rate cards and specification cards refer to the size with dimensions representing the front page half of a broadsheet size, rather than the full. Some quote actual page size and others quote the area size. The two versions of the broadsheet are, Full broadsheet – The full broadsheet typically is folded vertically in half so that it forms four pages, the four pages are called a spread. Half broadsheet – The half broadsheet is usually a page that is not folded vertically and just includes a front. In uncommon instances, an entire newspaper can be a two-page half broadsheet or four-page full broadsheet, totally self-contained advertising circulars inserted in a newspaper in the same format are referred to as broadsheets. Broadsheets typically are also folded horizontally in half to accommodate newsstand display space, the horizontal fold however does not affect the page numbers and the content remains vertical. The most important newspaper stories are placed above the fold and this contrasts with tabloids which typically do not have a horizontal fold. The broadsheet has since emerged as the most popular format for the dissemination of printed news, historically, broadsheets developed after the British in 1712 placed a tax on newspapers based on the number of their pages. The original purpose of the broadsheet, or broadside, was for the purpose of posting royal proclamations, acts, eventually the people began using the broadsheet as a source for political activism by reprinting speeches, ballads or narrative songs originally performed by bards. With the early mechanization of the 19th century came an increase in production of printed materials including the broadside as well as the penny dreadful. In this period all over Europe began to print their issues on broadsheets
3.
Eugenia Apostol
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Eugenia Eggie Apostol, is a Filipino publisher who played pivotal roles in the peaceful overthrow of two Philippine presidents, Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 and Joseph Estrada in 2001. She was awarded the 2006 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Journalism, Literature & Creative Communication Arts. Apostol was born on September 29,1925, the child and second daughter among eight children of Fernando Ballesteros Duran, a doctor and member of the National Assembly. In 1936, when her father was re-elected to the National Assembly, the moved to Manila, where Apostol attended Holy Ghost College. With the Japanese occupation of Manila in 1944, the returned to Sorsogon. While poking through the ruins of their home after the battle for liberation, Apostol graduated magna cum laude at the University of Santo Tomas with a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy and Letters in 1949. She wrote a column for Commonweal, a national Catholic weekly and she married Jose Peping Apostol on February 18,1950. In 1950 Apostol became womens editor of The Sentinel, a national news weekly. The church authorities were not too pleased as well when the employees of The Sentinel organized a union with Apostol as the unions vice-president and this was the era of the Red Scare. In 1954 Apostol became womens editor and associate editor of Sunday Times Magazine. She stayed with the Times for ten years, working both the magazine and the newspaper. In 1964 Apostol moved to the Manila Chronicle as editor of its new Sunday supplement Woman, Woman and Home was phased out in 1969 but Apostol stayed on with the Chronicle as editor of its expanded Better Living section. Apostol became editor of the Womans Home Companion, the first Martial Law womens magazine in the Philippines, Apostol quit Womans Home Companion in 1975 to launch Mr & Ms Magazine. Amongst her shareholders was Christina Ponce Enrile wife of the Defence Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile, the magazine struggled for some years before it broke even due, Apostol says, to a crowded womens magazine market. When opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr. was assassinated, Apostol launched a supplement to Mr & Ms devoted entirely to anti-Marcos politics. Too Late the Memo Jose Rizal Lecture On August 21,1983 opposition leader Benigno Aquino, though the funeral drew over two million people, it was ignored by the media. In a recorded interview, Apostol described her reaction, Next day, I said, not a single photo of the funeral in the papers, as if nothing happened. What really got me was the Times Journal - owned by Benjamin Romualdez, what they printed was the photo of the spectator who was hit by lightning — that was their top news
4.
Chino Roces Avenue
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The avenue is named for Joaquin Roces, journalist and founder of The Manila Times and ABC. The northern end of Chino Roces is at the intersection with J. P. Rizal Avenue and it heads southwesterly across the residential and commercial barangays of Olympia, Tejeros, Santa Cruz and La Paz. After the intersection with Bagtikan Street in San Antonio, Chino Roces bends to the south, the road continues southwards through the western limits of the Makati Central Business District, bending slightly southwesterly between Rufino and Don Bosco streets. The avenue then becomes mixed commercial and industrial as it continues on a route to EDSA. South of EDSA via a channel under the Magallanes Interchange. It is lined with industries and car dealerships on both sides, as well as a few factory outlets. The road ends at Lawton Avenue within Fort Bonifacio, Chino Roces has a short extension from J. P. Rizal Avenue into Carmona and Circuit Makati known as Aurelio Reyes Avenue. The part of Chino Roces from Rufino Street to Arnaiz Avenue is home to several Japanese restaurants and shops earning it the nickname Little Tokyo
5.
Makati
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Makati, officially the City of Makati, in the Philippines, is one of the sixteen cities that make up Metro Manila. Makati is the center of the Philippines, it has the highest concentration of multinational and local corporations in the country. Major banks, corporations, department stores as well as foreign embassies are based in Makati, the biggest trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange is situated along the citys Ayala Avenue. Makati is also known for being a cultural and entertainment hub in Metro Manila. With a population of 582,602, Makati is the 17th-largest city in the country, tradition holds that a Tagalog at a swamp on the south of the Pasig River was asked by a visitor, who was Miguel López de Legazpi, for the name of the place. As a result of the barrier the question was misinterpreted, and the Tagalog pointed to the receding tide of the Pasig River. Parts of the city were subject to the pre-Hispanic Kingdom of Namayan. It became an independent municipality in 1670, and was christened San Pedro de Macati in honour of the towns patron, the town was also famous for its pottery industry since the 18th century, with skilled potters trained by Jesuit priests. Its strategic location made it a pitstop for pilgrims, travelling by foot or boat, towards the shrine of Our Lady of Peace. In 1851, Don José Bonifacio Roxas purchased the Jesuit estate of Hacienda de San Pedro de Macati for 52,800 pesos, since then, the development of Makati has remained linked with the Zóbel de Ayala family and their company, Ayala Corporation. Culi-Culi is now a barangay named in honour of Del Pilar, by 1898, Spain ceded the Philippines and other overseas possessions to the United States after the formers defeat in the Spanish–American War. That same year, the town, with a population of 25,000, was incorporated from Manila to the new province of Rizal. On February 28,1914, the The Philippine Legislature passed Act 2390, shortening the name, San Pedro de Macati, during that same period, Santa Ana Park, the nations second horse racing facility, opened to expectations from horse racing fans. After the destruction Second World War had brought upon Makati, and the subsequent closure of Nielson Field, the town grew rapidly, the first of the planned communities were established in the 1950s with the efforts of its landowner, Ayala y Compañía. The first office buildings were built on what is now the Makati Central Business District, since the late 1960s, Makati has transformed into the financial and commercial capital of the country. Makatis central location adjacent to the city of Manila also made it a hub for major national and international corporations. Partly as a result a new town hall just miles from the old one was built in 1962 just along J. P. Rizal Avenue. Mayor Bañolas term of office as town executive saw the building up of what is now the Ayala Center with the help of the Ayala firm, which would become the citys central shopping center of today
6.
Metro Manila
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These 5 provinces, plus Metro Manila and Pampanga, sum to 30.7 million residents as of the newly counted census of 2015. The region is the center of culture, economy, education, NCR is one of the 12 defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines according to the National Economic and Development Authority. Designated as a global city, NCR exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education. It is the home to all the consulates and embassies in the Philippines and its economic power makes the region the countrys premier center for finance and commerce. NCR accounts for 37. 2% of the domestic product of the Philippines. The Province of Manila, the progenitor to the present-day Metro Manila, is one of the eight provinces that revolted against the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. The province was honored as one of the sun rays in the Flag of the Philippines, a historical province known as Manila encompasses the former pre-Hispanic kingdoms of Tondo and Maynila. It became the capital of the colonial Philippines, with Manila serving as the center of colonial power, in 1898, it included the City of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the capital from 1898-1899, just as when the sovereignty of the Philippines was transferred to the United States, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated to the newly created province of Rizal in 1901. Since the Spanish colonial period, Manila was considered as one of the global cities. Pasig serves as its provincial capital, in 1939, President Quezon established Quezon City with a goal to replace Manila as the capital city of the country. A masterplan for Quezon City was completed, the establishment of Quezon City meant demise of the grand Burnham Plan of Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital. World War II further resulted in the loss most of the developments in the Burnham Plan, but more importantly, later on, Quezon City eventually declared as the national capital from 1948-1976. The tile was re-designated back to Manila through Presidential Decree No.940 owing to its significance as the seat of government of the Philippines since the Spanish colonial period. During the war, President Manuel L. Jorge Vargas was appointed as its mayor, Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as vice mayors in their town. This was in order to ensure Vargas, who was Quezons principal lieutenant for administrative matters, the City of Greater Manila was abolished by the Japanese with the formation of the Philippine Executive Commission to govern the occupied regions of the country. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila, on November 7,1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No.824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission was also created to manage the region, on June 2,1978, through Presidential Decree No
7.
Philippines
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The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers, and it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants and they were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred, then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization, in 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion, during this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution. It is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte, eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other such as Islas del Poniente. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history, during the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear, since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date and this distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 26,500 years ago. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated, there are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos
8.
Inquirer Libre
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Inquirer Libre is a free, bilingual tabloid published in the Philippines. It is published by the Philippine Daily Inquirer and is considered a version of the Philippine Daily Inquirer that is distributed on public transport. Unlike other Philippine tabloids, Inquirer Libre seeks to provide access to decent, useful and meaningful news. The income generated from distributing Inquirer Libre comes from advertising, Philippine Daily Inquirer Gratis versus Libre Inquirer Libre
9.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
10.
Newspaper of record
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A newspaper of record is a major newspaper that has a large circulation and whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered professional and typically authoritative. A newspaper of record, sometimes referred to as an official newspaper. In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may register with the authorities to publish public and legal notices. Likewise, a newspaper may be designated by the courts for publication of legal notices. These are sometimes referred to as legally adjudicated newspapers, a variation of newspapers of public record are those newspapers controlled by governments or political parties that serve as official newspapers reflecting the positions of their controlling bodies. State organs such as the Soviet-era Izvestia and the Peoples Daily in China are examples of this type, the second type of newspaper of record is not defined by any formal criteria and its characteristics can be variable. Despite changes in society, such newspapers have historically tended to maintain a similar tone, coverage, style, and traditions. In recognition of the usage, the Times held an essay contest in 1927 in which entrants had to demonstrate The Value of The New York Times Index and Files as a Newspaper of Record. The Times, and other newspapers of its type, then sought to be chroniclers of events, acting as a record of the announcements, schedules, directories, proceedings. The Times no longer considers itself a newspaper of record in the original, literal sense. Over time, historians began to rely on The New York Times and similar titles as an archival record of significant past events. The term newspaper of record thus evolved from its literal sense to its currently understood meaning
11.
Max Soliven
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Máximo Villaflor Soliven was a Filipino journalist and newspaper publisher. In a career spanning six decades, he founded the Philippine Star, Soliven was born on September 4,1929 at the Philippine General Hospital in Manila, Philippines. His father Benito, who died from aftereffects of the Bataan Death March and imprisonment in Capas, Soliven spent his undergraduate years at the Ateneo de Manila University, where he received the OZANAM award for writing. Soliven received a Master of Arts from Fordham University and Johns Hopkins Universitys School of Advanced, Soliven was proficient in Spanish, as it was one of the languages used by his Ilocano grandparents. Max was the eldest of ten children and his brothers and sisters were Guillermo, Regulo, Manuel, Mercedes, Teresa, Augusta, Victorio, Ethelinda, Benito. His youngest sister, Ethel Soliven Timbol, is also a journalist and she was a writer and Lifestyle Editor of the Manila Bulletin from 1964, retiring in 2007. Max was asthmatic as a child, inspiring an early nickname from his siblings as “the guy who never sleeps and he wrote poetry at the age of thirteen and continued until he was twenty-one. When his father died at the age of 44, Max helped his mother, at the age of 12, Max served as the role model and assumed the role of father figure to his younger siblings. He worked for the Jesuits as a messenger and errand boy using a bicycle he had saved up for. He also sold cigarettes and shined shoes in helping his mother support his nine siblings, while working these odd jobs, Max won academic medals as a scholar at the Ateneo de Manila University. While studying in New York City for university, Max got engaged to an American woman, one week before the wedding, the woman asked Max to consider her wish to live in the US. Max said, “No ifs or buts, my life is in the Philippines, I must serve my own country and that is where I need to be. ”When she did not agree to the decision, Max cancelled the wedding. When he was 28, Max married Preciosa Silverio, who he had met when she was 16 years old, preciosa’s mother was daughter of Manila police captain Manuel Quiogue. She was 19 when Max proposed to her and they married in 1957 at the St. Anthony’s Church in Singalong, Manila. Throughout their marriage, Max called Precious “Ifu” and “my Precious Silver, in 1966, Preciosa founded the Operation Brotherhood Montessori Center. Soliven spoke English as a first language, like most children of the pre-war Filipino middle class and he also spoke Latin, Spanish, and Ilocano. Max received all his schooling, from elementary to college, in the Ateneo and he also went on to receive a masters degree from Fordham, a Jesuit school in New York City. While Ateneo was closed for rebuilding after the war, Max was sent to Japanese vocational school in Escolta where he learned Japanese, typing and he was then sent to Paco Parochial School
12.
Feliciano Belmonte Jr.
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Fernando Feliciano Sonny Racimo Belmonte Jr. is a member of the Philippine House of Representatives representing the Fourth District of Quezon City. He is also the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016 and he served as the Mayor of Quezon City from 2001 to 2010. Belmonte was born at 1,35 PM on October 2,1936 at Emmanuel Community Hospital in Tondo, Manila to judge Feliciano Belmonte Sr. and he attended grade school in Baguio City and earned his high-school diploma at the San Beda College in Manila. Belmonte began his government service as the staff assistant of President Diosdado Macapagal. He also worked as an assistant for the Commissioner of Customs. In 1986, President Corazon Aquino assigned him to various financially struggling government-owned corporations. He became President and General Manager of the Government Service Insurance System and he also represented the government as member of the board of directors of the San Miguel Corporation and the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company. More importantly, he assumed the position of President and Chief Executive Officer of Philippine Airlines, Belmonte was first elected as member of the House of Representatives from Quezon Citys fourth congressional district. He held his House seat for three terms, from 1992 to 2001. Belmonte was Speaker of the House of Representatives in 2001, in his first two terms, he was the Vice Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations. He also pushed for the implementation of the Personal Economic Relief Alliance for low-salaried government personnel. Belmonte gained national prominence as the prosecutor in the impeachment trial of President Joseph Estrada. Accompanying Davide were the chairs of the two houses of Congress, Aquilino Pimentel and Fuentebella, four days later, on January 24, the Arroyo allies mustered enough votes to unseat Fuentebella, replacing him with Belmonte. In 2001, he won the election for the position of Mayor of Quezon City and these are rankings made by businessmen in the Philippines in studies of the Asian Institute of Management, in cooperation with international agencies. Quezon City was cited for the dynamism of its economy, the quality of life of its residents. In 2007, Quezon City was ranked No.7 Asian City of the Future, based on a commissioned by the London Financial Times. In a 2008 Tholons special report on global services, Quezon City ranked as the number 21 emerging global outsourcing city, on November 19,2009, he and his vice mayor, Herbert Bautista, were sworn in as members of the opposition Liberal Party. After serving as Mayor of Quezon City, Belmonte made a bid for a fourth term in the House of Representatives
13.
Ferdinand Marcos
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Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino politician who was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled as a dictator under martial law from 1972 until 1981, while his regime started an unprecedented number of infrastructure projects and monuments, it also became infamous for its corruption and brutality. United States Army documents described the claim as fraudulent and absurd and he was elected President in 1965. The Philippine national debt used to fund development projects grew from $2 billion at the beginning of his term to $26 billion by the end of 1985. Based on World Bank data, Philippine Annual Gross Domestic Product grew from $5.27 billion in 1964 to $37.14 billion in 1982, by the end of 1985, GDP stood at $30.7 billion following two years of economic contraction. All in all despite the 1984–1985 recession, GDP per capita grew at a rate of 5. 8%, or more than tripled. It was only in 1992 at the beginning of the term of Fidel Ramos when GDP per capita, Martial law was ratified by 90. 77% of the voters during the Philippine Martial Law referendum,1973 though the referendum was marred with controversy. Ramos and Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, public outrage led to the snap elections of 1986. Allegations of mass cheating, political turmoil and excesses of human rights led to the People Power Revolution in February 1986. Marcos was succeeded by Corazon Aquino, widow of the opposition leader Senator Benigno Aquino. According to source documents provided by the Presidential Commission on Good Government, a government agency created by the Aquino Government, PCGG also maintained that the Marcos family enjoyed a decadent lifestyle—taking away billions of dollars from the country in the course of their US-backed rule between 1965 and 1986. His wife Imelda Marcos, whose excesses during the couples kleptocracy made her infamous in her own right, numerous criminal graft charges have been filed against her, some of which are still ongoing, and most have been dismissed by the court due to lack of evidence. He was later baptized into the Philippine Independent Church, but was first baptized in the Roman Catholic Church at the age of three, in December 1938, Ferdinand Marcos was prosecuted for the murder of Julio Nalundasan. He was not the accused from the Marcos clan, also accused was his father, Mariano, his brother, Pio. According to two witnesses, the four had conspired to assassinate Nalundasan, with Ferdinand Marcos eventually pulling the trigger, in late January 1939, they were finally denied bail and later in the year, they were convicted. Ferdinand and Lizardo received the penalty for premeditated murder, while Mariano. The Marcos family took their appeal to the Supreme Court of the Philippines, Marcos studied law at the University of the Philippines, attending the prestigious College of Law. He excelled in both curricular and extra-curricular activities, becoming a member of the universitys swimming, boxing
14.
Benigno Aquino Jr.
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Benigno Simeon Ninoy Aquino Jr. was the former husband of former Philippine President Corazon Aquino and father of former Philippine President Benigno Aquino III. Aquino, together with Gerry Roxas and Jovito Salonga, formed the leadership of the opposition towards Ferdinand Marcos, shortly after the imposition of martial law, he was arrested in 1972 along with others associated with the Communists armed insurgency and incarcerated for seven years. He founded his own party Lakas ng Bayan and ran for the Philippine parliamentary election,1978 and he was assassinated at the Manila International Airport in 1983 upon returning from his self-imposed exile. His death catapulted his widow, Corazon, into the political limelight, among other public structures, Manila International Airport has since been renamed Ninoy Aquino International Airport in his honor, and the anniversary of his death is a national holiday. Benigno Simeón Aquino was born in Concepcion, Tarlac, on November 27,1932, to a family of hacenderos, original owners of Hacienda Maling, Hacienda Sawang. His grandfather, Servillano Aquino, was a general in the army of Emilio Aguinaldo. His father, Benigno Aquino Sr. was the Director-General of KALIBAPI and his father was also one of two politicians representing Tarlac during his lifetime, the other being José Cojuangco, father of his future wife. After the war, Benigno Aquino Sr. was arrested and charged with treason for collaborating with the Japanese during the occupation of the country. His father died before the trial was completed and he received his elementary education at De La Salle College and finished at Saint Josephs College of Quezon City. He completed his school education at San Beda College. Aquino took his education at Ateneo de Manila to obtain a Bachelor of Arts degree. According to one of his biographies, he considered himself to be an average student, at age 17, he was the youngest war correspondent to cover the Korean War for The Manila Times of Don Joaquín Chino Roces. Because of his feats, he received the Philippine Legion of Honor award from President Elpidio Quirino at age 18. At 21, he became an adviser to then Defense Secretary Ramon Magsaysay. Aquino took up law at the University of the Philippines, where he became a member of Upsilon Sigma Phi and he interrupted his studies again however to pursue a career in journalism. According to Máximo Soliven, Aquino later explained that he had decided to go to as many schools as possible, so that he could make as many new friends as possible. After four months of negotiations, he was credited for Tarucs unconditional surrender and was given a second Philippine Legion of Honor award with the degree of Commander on October 14,1954 and he became mayor of Concepcion in 1955 at the age of 22. Ninoy helped brokered the purchase of Hacienda Luisita, a 6,453 hectare sugar plantation and he later on became the Haciendas administrator
15.
Philippine presidential election, 1986
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The Philippine presidential election,1986 or more popularly known in the Philippines as The Snap Election were held on 7 February 1986. This is subject to debate as there are many discrepancies on the number of votes and it is believed that Marcos committed fraud in the tallying of votes. Following this, both the United States of America and the Church gave statements supporting Aquinos accession as President and this event is known to be the catalyst for the end of the Marcos Regime as it brought about the People Power Revolution. The courage and the goodness of Corazón Aquino was so impressive in her battle against enormous odds. And the bravery of her many of whom were killed as they pursued their belief in a true democracy. And then there was this, the role of the press, print, through television cameras and newspapers, the whole world was watching. President Marcos could lie and cheat, but in the end he could not hide, —Tom Brokaw, NBC Nightly News The assassination of Senator Benigno Ninoy Aquino Jr. on August 21,1983 revived the oppositionist press, and not far behind it did the pro-Marcos press retaliate. An example of this would be the written by Eduardo Lachica in December 1982. It stirred interest after being published in The Asian Wall Street Journal on the alleged Marcos property holdings in New York, there have been incessant speculations of Philippine capital flight that not only involved Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos themselves, but also government officials and friends of the first family. Simons provided Krim with a list of names, telling him to look into Philippine investments in the San Francisco Bay area, Krim handed over several clips and miscellaneous letters from the Filipino exile community to the investigative reporter Pete Carey attached with a note, Look into this. Carey began his paper trail after setting up his personal computer, in an interview, Carey says, I kept telling them, Im not interested in quoting people, Im not going to use yours or any names. Im interested in evidence, That convinced people. Due to budgetary concerns, He continued his trail by exploring records in New York, why real estate conditions made California a prime investment territory, and how capital flight fueled Philippine insurgency. Meanwhile, local publications in the Philippines such as Malaya, Veritas, Business Day, there were protests on the streets, attempts by the National Assemblys opposition minority to file an impeachment hearing while President Marcos was forced to order an impartial inquiry. It provokes a totally different psychological reaction in the readers, gossip stirs their apathy, facts galvanize them to action. More reporters from The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, the most significant were those uncovered by Times Jeff Gerth, who wrote on the misuse of American aid money by the Marcos administration. Although President Marcos continued to deny these allegations, it did little to avert the consequences and his support in the congress quickly dissipated while news of his misrule endangered U. S. military interests. Though revelations of Marcos hidden wealth disparaged him in America, in the Philippines, during a campaign in Manilas Tondo district, Marcos retorted, The people who are our opponents, they say Marcos is not a genuine guerrilla who did not really fight
16.
People Power Revolution
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The People Power Revolution was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines that began in 1983 and culminated on February 22–25,1986. There was a campaign of civil resistance against regime violence. The nonviolent revolution led to the departure of President Ferdinand Marcos and it is also referred to as the Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during the demonstrations following the assassination of Filipino senator Benigno Ninoy Aquino, Jr. The majority of the demonstrations took place on a stretch of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, more commonly known by its acronym EDSA. The protests, fueled by the resistance and opposition from years of governance by Marcos. Corazon Aquino was proclaimed as the President of the Philippines after the revolution, some authors praised Marcos decision not to attack the protesters and to voluntarily leave the country for preventing a bloody civil war. Ferdinand E. Marcos was elected president in 1965, defeating incumbent Diosdado Macapagal by a margin of 52 to 43 percent, during this time, Marcos was very active in the initiation of public works projects and the intensification of tax collections. Marcos and his government claimed that they built more roads than all his predecessors combined, Marcos second term for the presidency was marred by allegations by the opposition Liberal Party of widespread graft and corruption. On September 23,1972, citing more than 15 bombing incidents, Martial law was ratified by 90. 77% of the voters during the Philippine Martial Law referendum in 1973 though the referendum was marred by controversy. The referendum had the results, As Marcos was barred from running for a third term as president in 1973. Rigoberto Tiglao, former secretary and a former communist incarcerated during the martial law, argued that the liberal. The new constitution went into effect in early 1973, changing the form of government from presidential to parliamentary, the constitution was approved by 95% of the voters in the Philippine constitutional plebiscite. Marcos also dissolved the Philippine Congress and shut down media establishments critical of the Marcos government, Marcos also ordered the immediate arrest of his political opponents and critics. In his undelivered speech upon his return from the US on August 21,1983, Aquino said, I am not a communist, never was and never will be. In 1978, while still in prison, Aquino founded his political party, despite warnings from the military and other pro-Marcos groups, Ninoy Aquino was determined to return to the Philippines. Asked what he thought of the threats, Ninoy Aquino responded, “The Filipino is worth dying for. ”At that time, Ninoys passport had expired. The passport carried the alias Marcial Bonifacio, Aquino became allies with Rashid Lucman as he supported the Muslim rebellion in Mindanao against the government. On August 21,1983, after an exile in the United States
17.
The Philippine Star
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The Philippine Star is a print and digital newspaper in the Philippines and the flagship brand of the PhilStar Media Group. First published on 28 July 1986 by veteran journalists Betty Go-Belmonte, Max Soliven and Art Borjal, the newspaper is owned and published by Philstar Daily Inc. which also publishes the monthly magazine People Asia and the Sunday magazines Starweek, Gist and Lets Eat. The Philippine Star is among the Philippines most widely circulated newspapers, with a circulation of 266,000 copies daily. The Philippine Star was first published seven months after the 1986 People Power Revolution that toppled strongman Ferdinand Marcos, at that time, Belmonte was the publisher of a small, monthly magazine called The Star, a predecessor of the The Philippine Star. Belmonte served as the chairman of the Board of Directors, while Soliven acted as the founding publisher. Antonio Roces served as the first editor-in-chief until his resignation in 1989, the masthead of the newspaper carried the motto, Truth Shall Prevail, reflecting its editorial policy of presenting both sides of the story instead of the prevailing scoop mentality of that time. Aside from the news section, the first issue also includes the World, Nation, Money, Life. For its initial price of ₱1.75, the newspaper had a print run of “a few thousand copies”. At first, the newspaper was published from Mondays to Saturdays because Belmonte prohibited work on Sundays. To capitalize on Sunday readership, Philstar Daily, Inc. began publishing Starweek in 1987, eventually, in 1988, the newspaper added a Sunday issue in response to the demand for news on that day, while continuing its publication of Starweek. Aside from The Philippine Star, Philstar Daily, Inc. also started publishing a Filipino-language tabloid Ang Pilipino Ngayon, with the sudden death of Belmonte due to cancer on 28 January 1994, Soliven assumed chairmanship of the Board of Directors while retaining his position at publisher. He appointed Belmontes 30-year-old son, Miguel Belmonte, as vice president. On 4 August 1995, The Philippine Star became the first Philippine broadsheet newspaper to publish a front page. In 1998, the Board of Directors unanimously appointed Miguel Belmonte as president and CEO, while Soliven remained as chairman of the Board of Directors and publisher. The following year, the newspaper introduced “Hotline 2000”, which use of SMS as a means for opinion polling. It was the beginning of other endeavors that brought the newspaper to the Digital Age. In 2000, the newspaper debuted its website, philstar. com, in the same year, the company began using computer-to-plate printing system. In that year too, Miguels brother, Isaac Belmonte, was appointed editor-in-chief of the newspaper, a complimentary copy of the newspaper was given to Jollibee patrons nationwide for every purchase of a Jollibee breakfast meal
18.
Intramuros
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Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila, Philippines. It is also called the Walled City, and at the time of the Spanish Colonial Period was synonymous to the city of Manila itself and it was the seat of government when the Philippines was a component realm of the Spanish Empire. Districts beyond the walls were referred as the extramuros of Manila, construction of the defensive walls was started by Spanish colonial government in the late 16th century to protect the city from foreign invasions. The 0. 67-square-kilometre walled city was located along the shores of the Manila Bay. Guarding the old city is Fort Santiago, its located at the mouth of the river. Land reclamations during the early 20th-century subsequently obscured the walls and fort from the bay, Intramuros was heavily damaged during the battle to recapture the city from the Japanese Imperial Army during the Second World War. Reconstruction of the walls was started in 1951 when Intramuros was declared a National Historical Monument, the region was invaded around 1485 by Sultan Bolkiah and became a part of the Sultanate of Brunei. The site of Intramuros then became a part of the Islamic Kingdom of Maynila a Bruneian puppet-state ruled by Rajah Sulayman, a Muslim Rajah who swore fealty to the Sultan of Brunei. In 1564, Spanish explorers led by Miguel López de Legazpi sailed from New Spain, having heard of the rich resources in Manila from the natives, Legazpi dispatched two of his lieutenant-commanders, Martín de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo to explore the island of Luzon. The Spaniards arrived on the island of Luzon in 1570, after quarrels and misunderstandings between the Islamic natives and the Spaniards, they fought for the control of the land and settlements. Legazpi declared the area of Manila as the new capital of the Spanish colony on June 24,1571 because of its strategic location and he also proclaimed the sovereignty of the Monarchy of Spain over the all the archipelago. King Philip II of Spain delighted at the new conquest achieved by Legazpi and his men, awarded the city a coat of arms and declaring it as, Intramuros was settled and became the political, military and religious center of the Spanish Empire in Asia. The city was in constant danger of natural and man-made disasters and worse, in 1574, a fleet of Chinese pirates led by Limahong attacked the city and destroyed it before the Spaniards drove them away. The colony had to be again by the survivors. These attacks prompted the construction of the wall, the city of stone began during the rule of Governor-General Santiago de Vera. The city was planned and executed by Jesuit Priest, Antonio Sedeno and was approved by King Philip IIs Royal Ordinance that was issued in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, leonardo Iturriano, a Spanish military engineer specializing in fortifications, headed the project. Chinese and Filipino workers built the walls, Fort Santiago was rebuilt and a circular fort, known as Nuestra Senora de Guia, was erected to defend the land and sea on the southwestern side of the city. Funds came from a monopoly on playing cards and fines imposed on its excessive play, Chinese goods were taxed for two years
19.
Manila Bulletin
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The Manila Bulletin, is the Philippines largest broadsheet newspaper by circulation, followed by the Philippine Daily Inquirer. It bills itself as The Nations Leading Newspaper, which is its official slogan, founded in 1900 as a shipping journal, it is the second-oldest Philippine newspaper, second only to The Manila Times. The newspaper was owned by a Swiss expatriate named Hans Menzi. Its name was changed from Bulletin Today on March 12,1986, on occasion the editorial policy of the Manila Bulletin has met objection from civil authorities. During World War II the newspapers editor, Roy Anthony Cutaran Bennett, was imprisoned and tortured by the Japanese for his statements opposing the militarist expansion of the Japanese Empire, the Manila Bulletin survived the martial law era of President Ferdinand Marcos as a propaganda tool. The company has listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange since 1990. It also publishes a number of magazines such as Wedding Essentials, Style Weekend, GARAGE Magazine, Agriculture Magazine, Digital Gen, Going Places. The newspaper is regarded by many for being pro-administration regardless of who is in power and also for its optimistic, only shortly after the death of Chairman Emilio Yap did the newspaper decide to allow discussion of political and current events in its editorial pages. The editorial is also featured in its sister papers Tempo and Balita, to further enhance its image as a newspaper which presents positive news articles, the Bulletin recently introduced a new marketing tagline, Theres good news here. In 2015, they adopted the marketing tagline Be Fully Informed which is still being used throughout 2016, in addition it maintains the oldest news website in the Philippines.3 million readers. The Manila Bulletin came second with 47%, while the Philippine Star was third with 42%, Nielsen survey also showed that the Sunday Inquirer Magazine led in its category, with 39% readership, Panorama came in second with 35%, and Starweek was third with 12%. Latest Q22016 Nielsen Consumer and Media View results put Manila Bulletin, with 48% share of the total Broadsheet market, Philippine Daily Inquirer comes in second at 38%, followed by Philippine Star at 14%. Manila Bulletin also had the most number of readers with 42% of its readers not reading any other broadsheet title. On June 5,2008, a Filipino blogger sued the Bulletin for copyright infringement, the photo blogger had discovered that photos that he had taken and posted online had been used by the Manila Bulletin in the Travel & Tourism section of its March 21,2007 issue. Apparently, the photographs had been altered and used by the newspaper without the original photographers consent, a month later, the newspaper filed a counter-suit against the blogger claiming exemplary and moral damages. The Manila Bulletin claimed that its use of the photographs constituted fair use
20.
Letty Jimenez Magsanoc
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Letty Jimenez-Magsanoc was a Filipino journalist and editor, notable for her role in overthrowing the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos. She was an icon of democracy, Magsanoc was editor of the crusading weekly opposition tabloid Mr & Ms Special Edition. She was editor in chief of the Philippine Daily Inquirer and she spent most of the 1960s in the United States, taking a masters in journalism at the University of Missouri. In 1963, she married Carlos Magsanoc, a doctor and her daughter Kara Magsanoc-Alikpala is a broadcast journalist who produces news documentaries. Jimenez-Magsanoc died on the night of Christmas Eve, December 24,2015 at St. Lukes Medical Center in Taguig City, the Magsanoc family returned to the Philippines in 1969. When the womens editor of the Bulletins Sunday magazine, Panorama left. The last place I wanted to land in, in any publication was the womens pages, I was trying to get away from writing about lipstick and fashion. Fortunately I was allowed to write about almost anything, sometimes it had nothing to do with women. In 1976, Magsanoc began to write for the daily Manila Bulletin and she wrote a thrice weekly column, The Passing Scene, alternating with columnist Tony Nieva. Later, she was given her own column Not for People Only and this was when she began to get into trouble with authorities for being critical of the post-martial law Marcos government. In 1978, General Hans Menzi, publisher of the Manila Bulletin, I did not want to be editor because I just wanted to do writing. You know what its like to be editor, you have to sit at the desk, give out assignments and it is difficult to conceptualize the whole issue. What I wanted to do was go out and write and she demanded that Panorama be given a 60 per cent editorial to 40 per cent advertising ratio and to her surprise, Menzie agreed. Magsanocs arrival at Panorama gave the magazine a new reputation, Panorama staffer Margot Baterina said, We pursued stories that nobody else dared to touch. National Press Club data of the time put the circulation at 300,000 on Sundays more than triple the combined circulation of the two other morning dailes. Between 1976 and 1981, Letty Jimenez Magsanoc was editor of Panorama, five months after being named one of the 1981 Ten Outstanding Women of the New Society she was forced to resign after writing an article perceived as critical to the government. Marcos had sought to fend off criticism of his rule by staging a faux election and his victory was celebrated in a sumptuous, if surreal, ceremony, in which a choir sang Handels Messiah. Magsanoc led off with a line from Handel, And he shall reign forever and ever, Marcos thought that blasphemous and got her fired
21.
Joseph Estrada
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Joseph Erap Ejercito Estrada is a Filipino politician who served as the 13th President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001 and as the 9th Vice President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. He has been Mayor of the City of Manila, the countrys capital, Estrada was elected President in 1998 with a wide margin of votes separating him from the other challengers, and was sworn into the presidency on June 30,1998. In 2000 he declared an all-out-war against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and captured its headquarters and he ran for president again in the 2010 presidential election, but placed second behind Senator Benigno Aquino III. José Marcelo Ejército Sr. was born at 8,25 PM on April 19,1937 at Manuguit Maternity Hospital in Tondo and his family later moved to the wealthy suburb of San Juan. He belonged to a family, and was the eighth of ten children of Emilio Ejercito Sr. and his wife. Emilio Ejercito Sr. later transferred to Central Colleges of the Philippines, in his twenties, he began a career as a drama actor. He adopted the stage name Joseph Estrada, as his mother objected to his chosen career and his decision to quit schooling. Estrada is married to former First Lady-turned-senator Dr. Jorge Ejercito, brother, actor E. R. Ejercito, son of George Estregan and nephew, actor, Mayor of Pagsanjan, Laguna, gary Ejercito, nephew, actor and Board Member of Quezon province. Gherome Ejercito, nephew, basketball player Estrada played the role in more than 100 movies. He was the first FAMAS Hall of Fame recipient for Best Actor and he often played heroes of the lower classes, making him popular among several impoverished citizens. This proved advantageous to his political career and he also founded, together with Guillermo de Vega, the first Metro Manila Film Festival in 1975. His administration was marked by unequaled accomplishments in infrastructure development and he relocated some 1,800 squatter families out of San Juan to Taytay, Rizal, at no cost. He was also the first mayor to computerize assessment of the Real Estate Tax in the Municipal Assessor’s Office, when Corazon Aquino assumed the presidency in 1986, all elected officials of the local government were forcibly removed and replaced by appointed officers-in-charge, including Estrada. The following year, Estrada won a seat in the Senate under the Grand Alliance for Democracy placing 16th in the elections, in 1987, he set his sights on a Senate run and handily garnered a seat. He was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Public Works and he was Vice-Chairman of the Committees on Health, Natural Resources and Ecology and Urban Planning. In 1989, the Free Press cited him as one of the Three Outstanding Senators of the Year and he was conferred the degree of Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa by the Bicol University in April 1997, and the University of Pangasinan in 1990. Though Cojuangco lost to former National Defense Secretary Fidel Ramos, Estrada won the vice-presidency garnering more votes than his closest opponent, Ramon Mitra, Jr. s running mate, as Vice-President, Estrada was the chairman of President Ramos Presidential Anti-Crime Commission. Estrada arrested criminal warlords and kidnapping syndicates and he resigned as chairman in 1997
22.
Freedom of the press
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Freedom of the press or freedom of the media through various mediums, such as electronic media and published materials. Wherever such freedom exists mostly implies the absence of interference from an overreaching state, with respect to governmental information, any government may distinguish which materials are public or protected from disclosure to the public. Many governments are subject to sunshine laws or freedom of information legislation that are used to define the ambit of national interest. This philosophy is usually accompanied by legislation ensuring various degrees of freedom of research, publishing. The depth to which laws are entrenched in a countrys legal system can go as far down as its constitution. The concept of freedom of speech is often covered by the laws as freedom of the press, thereby giving equal treatment to spoken. This idea was famously summarized by the 20th century American journalist, A. J. Liebling, Freedom of the press gives the printer or publisher exclusive control over what the publisher chooses to publish, including the right to refuse to print anything for any reason. If the author cannot reach a agreement with a publisher to produce the authors work. CPJ shares information on breaking cases with other press freedom organizations worldwide through the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, CPJ also tracks journalist deaths and detentions. CPJ staff applies strict criteria for each case, researchers independently investigate, so the concept of independence of the press is one closely linked with the concept of press freedom. Every year, Reporters Without Borders establishes a ranking of countries in terms of their freedom of the press, the survey asks questions about direct attacks on journalists and the media as well as other indirect sources of pressure against the free press, such as non-governmental groups. RWB is careful to note that the only deals with press freedom. In 2016, the countries where press was the most free were Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Denmark and New Zealand, followed by Costa Rica, Switzerland, Sweden, Ireland and Jamaica. The country with the least degree of freedom was Eritrea, followed by North Korea, Turkmenistan, Syria, China, Vietnam. The problem with media in India, the worlds largest democracy, is enormous, India doesnt have a model for a democratic press. The report written by Ravi S Jha says Indian journalism, with its lack of freedom and self-regulation, cannot be trusted now—it is currently known for manipulation, levels of freedom are scored on a scale from 1 to 100. Depending on the basics, the nations are then classified as Free, Partly Free, in 2009 Iceland, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and Sweden topped the list with North Korea, Turkmenistan, Myanmar, Libya, Eritrea at the bottom. According to Reporters Without Borders, more than a third of the people live in countries where there is no press freedom
23.
Philippine Basketball Association
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The Philippine Basketball Association is a mens professional basketball league in the Philippines composed of twelve company-branded franchised teams. It is the first professional league in Asia and is the second oldest continuously existing in the world after the NBA. The leagues regulations are a hybrid of rules from the NBA, the league played its first game at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City on April 9,1975. Their main offices are located along Eulogio Rodriguez Jr. Avenue, Eastwood City, Libis, the league is currently headed by commissioner Chito Narvasa. With the BAP controlling the MICAA, the league was de jure amateur and this is much like what was done in other countries to circumvent the amateur requirement and to play in FIBA-sanctioned tournaments such as the Olympics. MICAA team owners are not pleased on how BAP, then led by Gonzalo Lito Puyat are taking away their players to join the team without consulting them first. The first game of the league was held at the Araneta Coliseum on April 9,1975, featuring Mariwasa-Noritake and Concepcion Carrier. The leagues first 10 years was known for the rivalry of the Crispa Redmanizers. Big names such as Robert Jaworski, Ramon Fernandez, Francis Arnaiz, Atoy Co, Bogs Adornado, following their disbandment, the league moved from the Araneta Coliseum to ULTRA in Pasig. There, the continued to be popular, as several former Toyota. During the mid to late 80s, Jaworski and Ginebra San Miguel became the leagues most popular squad for their never say die attitude. By the end of the 1980s, San Miguel Beer won numerous championships that included the 1989 Grand Slam, led by coach Norman Black and former national team stars Samboy Lim and Hector Calma. In 1989, FIBA voted to allow professionals to play in their sanctioned tournaments, in 1990, the league sent its first all-professional squad to the Asian Games, earning a silver medal. The PBA would later send three more all-pro squads to the event, patrimonio, Allan Caidic, and a host of others became the leagues main attraction. By 1993, the moved to the Cuneta Astrodome in Pasay and later saw the Alaska Milkmen win the 1996 grand slam. From 1999-2000, the PBA endured controversy, several expatriate cagers arrived on the scene. Their lineage was questionable and most of them were deported for falsifying documents, the arrival of dozens of these players was a counter to the fledging Metropolitan Basketball Association, a regional-based professional league formed in 1998. After ABS-CBNs 2001 abandonment, the MBA faced mounting expenses and would fold within a year, despite the MBAs disbandment and the arrival of those players to the PBA, attendance went sour for the PBA in 2002 and was even worse the following year
24.
Mobile app
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A mobile application software or mobile app is an application software designed to run on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Some pre-installed apps can be removed by an ordinary uninstall process, where the software does not allow this, some devices can be rooted to eliminate the undesired apps. Native mobile apps often stand in contrast to desktop applications that run on desktop computers, Apps that are not preinstalled are usually available through distribution platforms called app stores. They began appearing in 2008 and are operated by the owner of the mobile operating system, such as the Apple App Store, Google Play, Windows Phone Store. Some apps are free, while others must be bought, usually, they are downloaded from the platform to a target device, but sometimes they can be downloaded to laptops or desktop computers. For apps with a price, generally a percentage, 20-30%, goes to the provider. The same app can therefore cost a different price depending on the mobile platform, the term app is a shortening of the term application software. It has become popular, and in 2010 was listed as Word of the Year by the American Dialect Society. In 2009, technology columnist David Pogue said that newer smartphones could be nicknamed app phones to distinguish them from earlier less-sophisticated smartphones, Mobile apps were originally offered for general productivity and information retrieval, including email, calendar, contacts, stock market and weather information. However, public demand and the availability of developer tools drove rapid expansion into other categories, in 2014 government regulatory agencies began trying to regulate and curate apps, particularly medical apps. Some companies offer apps as a method to deliver content with certain advantages over an official website. Usage of mobile apps has become increasingly prevalent across mobile phone users, a May 2012 comScore study reported that during the previous quarter, more mobile subscribers used apps than browsed the web on their devices,51. 1% vs.49. 8% respectively. Researchers found that usage of mobile apps strongly correlates with user context and depends on users location, Mobile apps are playing an ever-increasing role within healthcare and when designed and integrated correctly can yield many benefits. Market research firm Gartner predicted that 102 billion apps would be downloaded in 2013, by Q22015, the Google Play and Apple stores alone generated $5 billion. Developing apps for mobile devices requires considering the constraints and features of these devices, Mobile devices run on battery and have less powerful processors than personal computers and also have more features such as location detection and cameras. Developers also have to consider an array of screen sizes, hardware specifications and configurations because of intense competition in mobile software. Mobile application development requires use of specialized integrated development environments, Mobile apps are first tested within the development environment using emulators and later subjected to field testing. Emulators provide a way to test applications on mobile phones to which developers may not have physical access
25.
DZIQ
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DZIQ, branded as Radyo INQUIRER, is a news/talk radio station serving the Mega Manila market. The station is owned by Trans-Radio Broadcasting Corporation, a subsidiary of the Philippine Daily Inquirers Group of Companies in the Philippines, the stations studio are located at the 2nd floor, Media Resources Plaza Building, Mola cor. La Paz, Makati City, while its 50,000 watt transmitter is located at Brgy, the station has 20 hours of programming from 4,00 AM to 12,00 midnight. Currently, DZIQ ranked #4 in news and talk stations and #7 overall AM station in Metro Manila in the Dec.2015 survey conducted by the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas, INQUIRER990 Television is a teleradyo-formatted news channel, which serves as the television counterpart of DZIQ. Ciro Songco was the first station manager of Radio Inquirer during the early years, the stations format and content were the same as the Philippine Daily Inquirer newspaper and online version. As Radyo Inquirer gained listenership, the Inquirer Group subsequently purchased Trans-Radio and its stations, making it the PDIs official broadcast arm. In 2013, it underwent into experimenting the use of English language in all of the programs of the station, similar to the current format of DZRJ810 AM, the move was abandoned after about a year. Tarpaulins signifying the rebirth of Radyo Inquirer was placed in different locations, Radyo Inquirer celebrated their 5th anniversary on September 9,2015 at the Resorts World Manila. In March 2016, Radyo Inquirer launched their smartphone application, in May 2016, the TeleRadyo-formatted videostreaming channel of Radyo Inquirer began its broadcast via BEAM TVs digital subchannel, coinciding with the 2016 Philippine elections. Jay Sonza Mon Tulfo DWRT-AM Philippine Daily Inquirer Official website Radyo Inquirer live streaming on USTREAM
26.
The Mind Museum
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The Mind Museum is a science museum in Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is located on a 1.2 hectares lot in the J. Y, campos Park in Bonifacio Global City, a business district of the city. The facility was developed by the Bonifacio Arts Foundation Inc, the museum was designed by architect Ed Calma, from Lor Calma & Partners. The design of the structure was inspired from cellular structure and growth and had a solar reflective exterior, natural wind ventilation, as of 2012, the museum has five main galleries occupying a 4,900 square metres exhibit area and spanning 2 floors. The galleries each had its own theme namely, atom, life, earth, universe, the atom, life, earth, univers galleries are located on the first floor while the technology gallery are found in the first floor of the two story museum. With assistance from a firm based in the United States, which did the plan of the museum, Filipino designers, scientists
27.
Metropolitan Manila Development Authority
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Metropolitan Manila or the National Capital Region is constituted into a special development and administrative region subject to direct supervision of the President of the Philippines. The MMDA office is located at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue corner Orense Street, Guadalupe, Makati, the agency is headed by a Chairman, who is appointed by, and continues to hold office at the discretion of, the President. The Chairman is vested with the rank, rights, privileges, disqualifications, Marcos appointed his wife, First Lady Imelda Marcos, as Governor and Ismael Mathay, Jr. as Vice-Governor. The office was located in front of the present-day GMA Network at EDSA corner Timog Avenue, Diliman, the MMC became effectively defunct when on January 9,1990, President Corazon Aquino issued Executive Order No. 392, in accordance to Article 18, Section 8 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution which replaced the commission with the Metropolitan Manila Authority, the Metro Manila mayors will choose from themselves as chairman. Jejomar Binay of the municipality of Makati served as its first chairman, the agency transferred to its present office at Guadalupe, Makati. Binay was followed by Ignacio Bunye of municipality of Muntinlupa in 1991, Ismael Mathay, since the elected chairman is one of the mayors of Metro Manila, the role to his constituency gave less attention. Thus, the Congress of the Philippines, composed of the Senate, President Fidel V. Ramos appointed Prospero Oreta, who did not run in the Malabon municipal election, as the first Chairman of the MMDA on May 1995 and made him independent of the Metro Manila mayors. The governing board and policy making body of the MMDA is the Metro Manila Council, the Council is the policy-making body of the MMDA. It approves metro-wide plans, programs and projects and issues rules and it may increase the rate of the allowances and per diems of the members of the Council to be effective during the term of the succeeding Council. It fixes the compensation of the officers and personnel of the MMDA, the council consists of voting and non-voting members. Voting members are the mayors of the localities in Metro Manila, as well as the Presidents of the Metro Manila Vice Mayors League, MMDA had TV and radio stations sometimes carrying the same brand, MMDA Teleradyo. They ceased on August 17,2010, MMDA Traffic Radio 1206 - Traffic updates can be heard on this station. It was started as a test broadcast on September 24,2007, MMDA TV - Traffic updates are Live Feed by Monitoring Cameras Along the streets of Metro Manila with simulcast over MMDA Traffic Radio 1206. It was started as a test broadcast on August 20,2008, to compensate for the closure of these communication mediums, the MMDA turned to social media such as Twitter to broadcast traffic updates to users following them. Live billboards, particularly at EDSA, have also constructed. The MMDA app for iOS and Android have also made available for free. Since 2014, the took over the mothballed Pasig River ferry system in anticipation of huge traffic along the metropolis
28.
APEC Philippines 2015
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APEC Philippines 2015 was the year-long hosting of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit which concluded with the APEC Economic Leaders Meeting held on 18–19 November 2015 in Pasay, Metro Manila. It was the time the Philippines hosted the summit, the first being the 1996 APEC summit. However, the Philippines decided to put aside the issue temporarily in keeping with its hosting duties, the agenda of the Philippines hosting of APEC2015 is exemplified through its theme which focuses on promoting and advancing inclusive growth in the Asia-Pacific region. This goal on promoting inclusive growth is divided into three stages, domestic/national, regional, and macro levels, the logo design was donated by INKSURGE Design Studio. The design also depicts the 21 APEC member-economies as blue, red, the sustained and shared economic growth of the member-economies are represented through an arrow pointed upward at the center of the globe, an image formed by the 21 triangles. The light blue shade of the arrow symbolized the promising development of a resulting from positive interaction with partners. The triangle itself symbolizes balance which leads to a strong and stable economy and these goals were first outlined and described during the 1994 APEC summit in Indonesia. Preparations for APEC2015 began with the signing of Administrative Order No,2012, which constituted the APEC2015 National Organizing Council. On 1 December 2014, President Benigno Aquino III led the APEC2015 national launch at a dinner in Makati, the Philippine government allocated approximately 10 billion pesos for the hosting of the APEC meetings. As part of the security measures for the APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, Manila has also banned most activities in and around Roxas Boulevard and Manila Bay, such as fishing, sailing, swimming, and walking. The Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police were placed from blue alert to red alert status on 14 November in preparation for the five-day event. Nevertheless, the PNP assured the public that the status is due routine procedure. The AFP deployed its land, air, and naval assets at several undisclosed positions within Metro Manila and his venue design took inspiration from the Banaue Rice Terraces, a World Heritage Site. Makati in Metro Manila hosted the first APEC2015 meeting, the Informal Senior Officials Meeting, originally slated to be held in Legazpi, Albay, the meeting was transferred to Makati as storm signals were raised in the former due to Typhoon Hagupit, locally known as Typhoon Ruby. The First Senior Officials Meeting and Related Meetings were held in Clark Freeport, Angeles, Pampanga and Subic Bay, Zambales, from 26 January to 7 February 2015. The island of Boracay in Aklan hosted the Second Senior Officials Meeting and Related Meetings from 9–21 May 2015, the Third Senior Officials Meeting and Related Meetings were held in Cebu City from 22 August to 6 September, followed by the APEC Finance Ministers Meeting from 10–11 September. The APEC CEO Summit was held on 16–18 November at the Makati Shangri-La Hotel, the theme of summit was Creating the Future, Better, Stronger, Together. The highlight of the series of meetings, the Economic Leaders Meeting, was held at the Philippine International Convention Center in Pasay, on the evening of 18 November, President Aquino hosted a welcome dinner for the visiting economic leaders at the Mall of Asia Arena
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PCCW
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PCCW Limited is the holding company of HKT Group Holdings Limited, a Hong Kong based information and communications technology company. PCCW also holds a majority interest in Pacific Century Premium Developments Limited, PCCW is headquartered in Hong Kong and operates in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Americas, mainland China, and other parts of Asia. PCCW shares are listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange SEHK,0008, pCCW/HKT was the first quadruple play provider in Hong Kong, and offers media content and services for fixed-line, broadband Internet, TV and mobile. The group sells to local and international customers, as technical services and project outsourcing to network operators and public. PCCW/HKT has more than 8,000 PCCW Wi-Fi hotspots in food outlets, shopping malls, universities, the PCCW Commercial Group provides ICT services to small, medium and large enterprises. The group managed the installation of Asias largest IP-enabled network for securities and derivatives markets, built for Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and it includes an electronic passport system, known as e-PASS, and the Smart Identity Card system for the Hong Kong SAR Government. PCCW Teleservices operates a contact centre outsourcing business along with an operation in the U. S and it handles inbound and outbound calls, emails and other transactions for customers. PCCW Global runs a fully meshed IP, fiber and satellite network, providing voice, data and multimedia for multinational enterprises, the Groups fixed-line network enables users to make local and international phone calls with voice availability of 99. 99%. The eye Multimedia Service allows users to make voice or video calls, watch TV, access a music service. PCCW eye2 is a media center with an 8-inch touchscreen LED monitor, through which customers can access more than 100 types of content. As one of the Groups four quadruple-play platforms, NETVIGATOR a broadband provider and it reaches 97% of all households in Hong Kong with a choice of Internet access speed and services. The capabilities of optical fiber are available to 67% of Hong Kongs households via a variety of NETVIGATOR Fiber Direct service packages, NETVIGATOR broadband users can use NETVIGATOR Home Wireless, as well as PCCW Wi-Fi hotspots and NETVIGATOR Everywhere, a wireless service interconnecting Wi-Fi HSPA networks. PCCW mobile is a division of HKT Group Holdings Limited. As well as providing voice and data communications, PCCW mobile offers media content, Now TV is an IPTV and pay-TV provider in Hong Kong. It is delivered by PCCW Media, a division of HKT Group Holdings Limited. In addition, now TV is a producer of news, sports and infotainment programming, nowTV can be viewed on its nowTV app, and select now TV content and interactive applications can also be accessed via the groups 4G mobile network and broadband service. PCCW announced the formation of wholly owned subsidiary CASCADE Limited in January 2003, Cascade employed more than 3,000 staff as of June 2003. Cascade provides PCCWs telecommunications network operations with support and maintenance services, started from December 2008, Cascade became a Subsidiary of PCCW-HKT Limited, which PCCW-HKT is still 100% owned by PCCW
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Rina Jimenez-David
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Rina Jimenez-David is notable as a Philippines journalist and columnist for the Philippine Daily Inquirer. She is an advocate for health issues. She was awarded Best Columnist for Excellence in Population Reporting at the Global Media Awards in 2004 and she was a judge in a contest to select outstanding teachers. She met with Philippine president Noynoy Aquino and other journalists and politicians in 2012 and she was the managing editor of a publication about her Jimenez family genealogy entitled In Search of Family published in 2001. She lived in Alaminos, Pangasinan, graduated from the University of Santo Tomas in 1976 and she studied journalism at the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health in Baltimore. Her book Women at Large was a finalist in the Philippine National Book Awards in 1994
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The Manila Times
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The Manila Times is the oldest existing English-language newspaper in the Philippines. It is published daily by The Manila Times Publishing Corp. with editorial and administrative offices at 2/F Sitio Grande Building,409 A. Soriano Avenue, Intramuros, Manila. It was founded on October 11,1898, shortly after news that the Treaty of Paris would be signed, ending the Spanish–American War, the current president and chief executive officer and executive editor is Dante Francis Klink Ang II. The Manila Times was founded by Thomas Gowan, an Englishman who had living in the Philippines. The paper was created to serve mainly the Americans who were sent to Manila to fight in the Spanish–American War, at the time, most of the newspapers in the Philippines were in Spanish and a few others were in the native languages. Shortly after the founding, reports reached Manila about the Paris Conference that would lead to the treaty ceding the Philippines to the United States from Spain. The maiden issue of The Manila Times had a sheet of two leaves, or four pages, measuring about 12 by 8 inches, each divided into two columns. The first page was taken up by announcements and advertisements, page 2 was the editorial page. It contained the editorials and the important news of the day. Page 3 was devoted to news from Europe and the United States all bearing on the Spanish–American War. On December 30,2007, The Manila Times chose Reynato Puno as Times Person of the Year, Puno defeated 2nd choices OFW, Gov. Eddie Panlilio, the Filipino Nurse, the DSWD social worker, the Pinoy Farmer, Manny Pacquiao and Joey de Venecia. Libertito Pelayo Filipino Reporter Satur Ocampo The Manila Times
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GMA News and Public Affairs
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GMA News and Public Affairs is the news and public affairs programming division of GMA Network Inc. GMA News and Public Affairs is currently headed by Marissa Flores and is headquartered at the Ground Floor of GMA Network Center in Quezon City, the GMA News division traces its origin from the Republic Broadcasting System, established by Robert Stewart in 1950. The programming of its flagship AM radio station, DZBB, depended mostly on news reports, the station covered the eruption of Mt. Hibok-Hibok in 1951 and the election and death of the former Philippine president Ramon Magsaysay. While RBS Channel 7 was established in 1961, it was in the 1970s that GMA became one of the television news source in the country. In 1983, Channel 7 was the first to break the news of Ninoy Aquinos death, the channel also became the first station to broadcast the Ramos-Enrile break-away that led to the People Power Revolution, also known as EDSA Revolution. In 1998, GMA teamed up with The Philippine Daily Inquirer to produce the coverage of that years election, GMA News became a pioneer in local television news in many ways. GMA became the first TV network to be fully reporting the news in Filipino language with their late-night newscast GMA Network News in 1992 which was anchored by Mike Enriquez, GMA was one of the pioneers of women in broadcast journalism. During the time of Martial Law by then-President Ferdinand Marcos, GMA was the first to broadcast a news bulletin program. GMA News Roundup aired from 1974 to 1976 the program was replaced by GMA News Digest in 1976, GMA News Live in 1987, GMA Flash Report in 2002. The station was also the first to use a ticker for breaking news, in 1995, GMA News was the first to use Electronic News Gathering Vans in the country. In 2004, it began to use Satellite News Gathering facilities to reach more remote areas. GMA News also covered events in the country such as the World Youth Day 1995,2000 Today and 2003 World Meeting of Families. In 2006, GMA News was praised by the former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo for its news coverage, in the 2006 SWS Media Trust survey, GMA News garnered 60% of public trust, second only to rival ABS-CBN with 68%. But a similar Pulse Asia survey shows that GMA News is the more credible in the country, now with more than 500 news personnel—here and abroad—and producing 16 of the most awarded programs on Philippine television today. Weekend with Velez was the first network-produced public affairs program on GMA, the first Peabody was given for Kidney for Sale, an investigative work on the selling of kidneys in a depressed area along the coast of Manila Bay. When the Philippine longest-running noontime show, Eat Bulaga, celebrated its silver anniversary in 2004, Public Affairs co-produced Eat Bulaga. Silver Special with the programs production company, TAPE Inc. Arnold Clavio hosted the program with his fellow Unang Hirit host Rhea Santos, Clavio was a contestant in a former segment of the noontime show
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Reporters Without Borders
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Reporters Without Borders, or Reporters Sans Frontières, is an international non-profit, non-governmental organization that promotes and defends freedom of information and freedom of the press. The organization, with an office in Paris, France, has consultant status at the United Nations. Reporters Without Borders was founded in 1985 by Robert Ménard, Rémy Loury, Jacques Molénat and Émilien Jubineau, in Montpellier and its head office is in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris. RWB also maintains offices in Berlin, Brussels, Geneva, Madrid, Rome, Stockholm, Tunis, Vienna, at first, the association worked to promote alternative journalism, but there were disagreements between the founders. Finally, only Ménard stayed and he changed the direction towards promoting freedom of the press. Ménard was RWBs first Secretary General, jean-François Julliard succeeded Ménard in 2008. Christophe Deloire succeeded Julliard in July 2012 when he became Director General, Reporters Without Borders primary means of direct action are appeals to government authorities through letters or petitions, as well as frequent press releases. Through its world-wide network of roughly 150 correspondents, RWB gathers information, if necessary, it will send a team of its own to assess working conditions for journalists in a specific country. It releases annual reports on countries as well as the Press Freedom Index, RWB also provides assistance for journalists and media who are either in danger or are having difficulty subsisting. 2013, received the Freedom of Speech Award from the International Association of Press Clubs,2012, received the Club Internacional de Prensa Award, in Madrid. 2009, shared the Roland Berger Human Dignity Award with Iranian human rights lawyer,2009, received the Médaille Charlemagne for European Media. 2008, received the Kahlil Gibran Award for Institutional Excellence from the Arab American Institute Foundation,2007, received the Asia Democracy and Human Rights Award from Taiwan Foundation for Democracy and the Dawit Isaak Prize from Swedish Publicists Association. 2006, received an International Emmy Award from the International Academy of Television Arts,2005, shared the European Parliaments Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought with Nigerian human rights lawyer Hauwa Ibrahim and Cubas Ladies in White movement. 1997, received the Journalism and Democracy Prize from the Parliament Assembly of the Organization for Security,1992, received the Lorenzo Natali Prize from the European Commission for defending human rights and democracy. Reporters Without Borders issues press releases, fact finding reports, and it publishes periodic mission reports on developments in individual countries or regions or on a specific topic. Each December it publishes an overview of events related to freedom of information. It maintains a web site accessible in six languages, RWB compiles and publishes an annual ranking of countries based upon the organizations assessment of their press freedom records. Small countries, such as Andorra, are excluded from this report, the survey asks questions about direct attacks on journalists and the media as well as other indirect sources of pressure against the free press
