1.
Newspaper
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A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, the journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print, the online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news, typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings. Papers also include articles which have no byline, these articles are written by staff writers, a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. As of 2017, newspapers may also provide information about new movies, most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded, their reliance on advertising revenue, the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high quality. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world, circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day. Worldwide annual revenue approached $100 billion in 2005-7, then plunged during the financial crisis of 2008-9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal. Besides remodeling advertising, the internet has also challenged the business models of the era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general and, more specifically, journalism. In addition, the rise of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from online newspapers. Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects, the oldest newspaper still published is the Gazzetta di Mantova, which was established in Mantua in 1664. While online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with Internet access, literacy is also a factor which prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers. Periodicity, They are published at intervals, typically daily or weekly. This ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly-emerging news stories or events, currency, Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows
Newspaper
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Front page of
The New York Times on
Armistice Day, 11 November 1918.
Newspaper
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Journalism
Newspaper
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Title page of Carolus'
Relation from 1609, the earliest newspaper
Newspaper
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Diario de Pernambuco, founded in November 1825 is the second oldest circulating newspaper in South America, after
El Peruano, founded in October of that same year.
2.
Broadsheet
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A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages. The term derives from types of popular prints usually just of a sheet, sold on the streets and containing various types of material. The first broadsheet newspaper was the Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid/compact formats. Many broadsheets measure approximately 29 1⁄2 by 23 1⁄2 inches per full broadsheet spread, australian and New Zealand broadsheets always have a paper size of A1 per spread. South African broadsheet newspapers have a spread sheet size of 820 by 578 mm or 32.3 by 22.8 in. Others measure 22 inches or 560 millimetres vertically, in the United States, the traditional dimensions for the front page half of a broadsheet are 15 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long. However, in efforts to save newsprint costs many U. S. newspapers have downsized to 12 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long for a folded page. Many rate cards and specification cards refer to the size with dimensions representing the front page half of a broadsheet size, rather than the full. Some quote actual page size and others quote the area size. The two versions of the broadsheet are, Full broadsheet – The full broadsheet typically is folded vertically in half so that it forms four pages, the four pages are called a spread. Half broadsheet – The half broadsheet is usually a page that is not folded vertically and just includes a front. In uncommon instances, an entire newspaper can be a two-page half broadsheet or four-page full broadsheet, totally self-contained advertising circulars inserted in a newspaper in the same format are referred to as broadsheets. Broadsheets typically are also folded horizontally in half to accommodate newsstand display space, the horizontal fold however does not affect the page numbers and the content remains vertical. The most important newspaper stories are placed above the fold and this contrasts with tabloids which typically do not have a horizontal fold. The broadsheet has since emerged as the most popular format for the dissemination of printed news, historically, broadsheets developed after the British in 1712 placed a tax on newspapers based on the number of their pages. The original purpose of the broadsheet, or broadside, was for the purpose of posting royal proclamations, acts, eventually the people began using the broadsheet as a source for political activism by reprinting speeches, ballads or narrative songs originally performed by bards. With the early mechanization of the 19th century came an increase in production of printed materials including the broadside as well as the penny dreadful. In this period all over Europe began to print their issues on broadsheets
Broadsheet
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A broadsheet newspaper
Broadsheet
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Comparison of some newspaper sizes with metric paper sizes. Approximate nominal dimensions are in millimetres.
3.
Makati
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Makati, officially the City of Makati, in the Philippines, is one of the sixteen cities that make up Metro Manila. Makati is the center of the Philippines, it has the highest concentration of multinational and local corporations in the country. Major banks, corporations, department stores as well as foreign embassies are based in Makati, the biggest trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange is situated along the citys Ayala Avenue. Makati is also known for being a cultural and entertainment hub in Metro Manila. With a population of 582,602, Makati is the 17th-largest city in the country, tradition holds that a Tagalog at a swamp on the south of the Pasig River was asked by a visitor, who was Miguel López de Legazpi, for the name of the place. As a result of the barrier the question was misinterpreted, and the Tagalog pointed to the receding tide of the Pasig River. Parts of the city were subject to the pre-Hispanic Kingdom of Namayan. It became an independent municipality in 1670, and was christened San Pedro de Macati in honour of the towns patron, the town was also famous for its pottery industry since the 18th century, with skilled potters trained by Jesuit priests. Its strategic location made it a pitstop for pilgrims, travelling by foot or boat, towards the shrine of Our Lady of Peace. In 1851, Don José Bonifacio Roxas purchased the Jesuit estate of Hacienda de San Pedro de Macati for 52,800 pesos, since then, the development of Makati has remained linked with the Zóbel de Ayala family and their company, Ayala Corporation. Culi-Culi is now a barangay named in honour of Del Pilar, by 1898, Spain ceded the Philippines and other overseas possessions to the United States after the formers defeat in the Spanish–American War. That same year, the town, with a population of 25,000, was incorporated from Manila to the new province of Rizal. On February 28,1914, the The Philippine Legislature passed Act 2390, shortening the name, San Pedro de Macati, during that same period, Santa Ana Park, the nations second horse racing facility, opened to expectations from horse racing fans. After the destruction Second World War had brought upon Makati, and the subsequent closure of Nielson Field, the town grew rapidly, the first of the planned communities were established in the 1950s with the efforts of its landowner, Ayala y Compañía. The first office buildings were built on what is now the Makati Central Business District, since the late 1960s, Makati has transformed into the financial and commercial capital of the country. Makatis central location adjacent to the city of Manila also made it a hub for major national and international corporations. Partly as a result a new town hall just miles from the old one was built in 1962 just along J. P. Rizal Avenue. Mayor Bañolas term of office as town executive saw the building up of what is now the Ayala Center with the help of the Ayala firm, which would become the citys central shopping center of today
Makati
Makati
–
Location within Metro Manila
Makati
Makati
4.
Metro Manila
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These 5 provinces, plus Metro Manila and Pampanga, sum to 30.7 million residents as of the newly counted census of 2015. The region is the center of culture, economy, education, NCR is one of the 12 defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines according to the National Economic and Development Authority. Designated as a global city, NCR exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education. It is the home to all the consulates and embassies in the Philippines and its economic power makes the region the countrys premier center for finance and commerce. NCR accounts for 37. 2% of the domestic product of the Philippines. The Province of Manila, the progenitor to the present-day Metro Manila, is one of the eight provinces that revolted against the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. The province was honored as one of the sun rays in the Flag of the Philippines, a historical province known as Manila encompasses the former pre-Hispanic kingdoms of Tondo and Maynila. It became the capital of the colonial Philippines, with Manila serving as the center of colonial power, in 1898, it included the City of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the capital from 1898-1899, just as when the sovereignty of the Philippines was transferred to the United States, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated to the newly created province of Rizal in 1901. Since the Spanish colonial period, Manila was considered as one of the global cities. Pasig serves as its provincial capital, in 1939, President Quezon established Quezon City with a goal to replace Manila as the capital city of the country. A masterplan for Quezon City was completed, the establishment of Quezon City meant demise of the grand Burnham Plan of Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital. World War II further resulted in the loss most of the developments in the Burnham Plan, but more importantly, later on, Quezon City eventually declared as the national capital from 1948-1976. The tile was re-designated back to Manila through Presidential Decree No.940 owing to its significance as the seat of government of the Philippines since the Spanish colonial period. During the war, President Manuel L. Jorge Vargas was appointed as its mayor, Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as vice mayors in their town. This was in order to ensure Vargas, who was Quezons principal lieutenant for administrative matters, the City of Greater Manila was abolished by the Japanese with the formation of the Philippine Executive Commission to govern the occupied regions of the country. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila, on November 7,1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No.824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission was also created to manage the region, on June 2,1978, through Presidential Decree No
Metro Manila
Metro Manila
Metro Manila
Metro Manila
5.
Philippines
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The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers, and it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants and they were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred, then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization, in 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion, during this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution. It is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte, eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other such as Islas del Poniente. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history, during the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear, since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date and this distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 26,500 years ago. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated, there are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos
Philippines
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King Philip II of Spain.
Philippines
Philippines
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Tabon Cave and its carvings.
Philippines
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The
Banaue Rice Terraces where
Ifugao/Igorot utilized terrace farming in the steep mountainous regions of northern Philippines over 2000 years ago.
6.
Inquirer Libre
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Inquirer Libre is a free, bilingual tabloid published in the Philippines. It is published by the Philippine Daily Inquirer and is considered a version of the Philippine Daily Inquirer that is distributed on public transport. Unlike other Philippine tabloids, Inquirer Libre seeks to provide access to decent, useful and meaningful news. The income generated from distributing Inquirer Libre comes from advertising, Philippine Daily Inquirer Gratis versus Libre Inquirer Libre
Inquirer Libre
–
The Inquirer Libre issue depicting the G-Pass by
Globe
7.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
International Standard Serial Number
–
ISSN encoded in an EAN-13 barcode with sequence variant 0 and issue number 5
8.
Newspaper of record
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A newspaper of record is a major newspaper that has a large circulation and whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered professional and typically authoritative. A newspaper of record, sometimes referred to as an official newspaper. In some jurisdictions, privately owned newspapers may register with the authorities to publish public and legal notices. Likewise, a newspaper may be designated by the courts for publication of legal notices. These are sometimes referred to as legally adjudicated newspapers, a variation of newspapers of public record are those newspapers controlled by governments or political parties that serve as official newspapers reflecting the positions of their controlling bodies. State organs such as the Soviet-era Izvestia and the Peoples Daily in China are examples of this type, the second type of newspaper of record is not defined by any formal criteria and its characteristics can be variable. Despite changes in society, such newspapers have historically tended to maintain a similar tone, coverage, style, and traditions. In recognition of the usage, the Times held an essay contest in 1927 in which entrants had to demonstrate The Value of The New York Times Index and Files as a Newspaper of Record. The Times, and other newspapers of its type, then sought to be chroniclers of events, acting as a record of the announcements, schedules, directories, proceedings. The Times no longer considers itself a newspaper of record in the original, literal sense. Over time, historians began to rely on The New York Times and similar titles as an archival record of significant past events. The term newspaper of record thus evolved from its literal sense to its currently understood meaning
Newspaper of record
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The New York Times Building in
New York City; some meanings of the term "newspaper of record" originated in reference to
The New York Times
Newspaper of record
–
The Globe and Mail!
Newspaper of record
–
Le Monde!
9.
Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.
–
Fernando Feliciano Sonny Racimo Belmonte Jr. is a member of the Philippine House of Representatives representing the Fourth District of Quezon City. He is also the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016 and he served as the Mayor of Quezon City from 2001 to 2010. Belmonte was born at 1,35 PM on October 2,1936 at Emmanuel Community Hospital in Tondo, Manila to judge Feliciano Belmonte Sr. and he attended grade school in Baguio City and earned his high-school diploma at the San Beda College in Manila. Belmonte began his government service as the staff assistant of President Diosdado Macapagal. He also worked as an assistant for the Commissioner of Customs. In 1986, President Corazon Aquino assigned him to various financially struggling government-owned corporations. He became President and General Manager of the Government Service Insurance System and he also represented the government as member of the board of directors of the San Miguel Corporation and the Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company. More importantly, he assumed the position of President and Chief Executive Officer of Philippine Airlines, Belmonte was first elected as member of the House of Representatives from Quezon Citys fourth congressional district. He held his House seat for three terms, from 1992 to 2001. Belmonte was Speaker of the House of Representatives in 2001, in his first two terms, he was the Vice Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations. He also pushed for the implementation of the Personal Economic Relief Alliance for low-salaried government personnel. Belmonte gained national prominence as the prosecutor in the impeachment trial of President Joseph Estrada. Accompanying Davide were the chairs of the two houses of Congress, Aquilino Pimentel and Fuentebella, four days later, on January 24, the Arroyo allies mustered enough votes to unseat Fuentebella, replacing him with Belmonte. In 2001, he won the election for the position of Mayor of Quezon City and these are rankings made by businessmen in the Philippines in studies of the Asian Institute of Management, in cooperation with international agencies. Quezon City was cited for the dynamism of its economy, the quality of life of its residents. In 2007, Quezon City was ranked No.7 Asian City of the Future, based on a commissioned by the London Financial Times. In a 2008 Tholons special report on global services, Quezon City ranked as the number 21 emerging global outsourcing city, on November 19,2009, he and his vice mayor, Herbert Bautista, were sworn in as members of the opposition Liberal Party. After serving as Mayor of Quezon City, Belmonte made a bid for a fourth term in the House of Representatives
Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.
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The Honourable Speaker Feliciano R. Belmonte, Jr.
Feliciano Belmonte, Jr.
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Then-Quezon City Mayor Sonny Belmonte during a meeting de avance. Belmonte successfully ran for a fourth term in the House of Representatives.
10.
Ferdinand Marcos
–
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino politician who was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled as a dictator under martial law from 1972 until 1981, while his regime started an unprecedented number of infrastructure projects and monuments, it also became infamous for its corruption and brutality. United States Army documents described the claim as fraudulent and absurd and he was elected President in 1965. The Philippine national debt used to fund development projects grew from $2 billion at the beginning of his term to $26 billion by the end of 1985. Based on World Bank data, Philippine Annual Gross Domestic Product grew from $5.27 billion in 1964 to $37.14 billion in 1982, by the end of 1985, GDP stood at $30.7 billion following two years of economic contraction. All in all despite the 1984–1985 recession, GDP per capita grew at a rate of 5. 8%, or more than tripled. It was only in 1992 at the beginning of the term of Fidel Ramos when GDP per capita, Martial law was ratified by 90. 77% of the voters during the Philippine Martial Law referendum,1973 though the referendum was marred with controversy. Ramos and Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile, public outrage led to the snap elections of 1986. Allegations of mass cheating, political turmoil and excesses of human rights led to the People Power Revolution in February 1986. Marcos was succeeded by Corazon Aquino, widow of the opposition leader Senator Benigno Aquino. According to source documents provided by the Presidential Commission on Good Government, a government agency created by the Aquino Government, PCGG also maintained that the Marcos family enjoyed a decadent lifestyle—taking away billions of dollars from the country in the course of their US-backed rule between 1965 and 1986. His wife Imelda Marcos, whose excesses during the couples kleptocracy made her infamous in her own right, numerous criminal graft charges have been filed against her, some of which are still ongoing, and most have been dismissed by the court due to lack of evidence. He was later baptized into the Philippine Independent Church, but was first baptized in the Roman Catholic Church at the age of three, in December 1938, Ferdinand Marcos was prosecuted for the murder of Julio Nalundasan. He was not the accused from the Marcos clan, also accused was his father, Mariano, his brother, Pio. According to two witnesses, the four had conspired to assassinate Nalundasan, with Ferdinand Marcos eventually pulling the trigger, in late January 1939, they were finally denied bail and later in the year, they were convicted. Ferdinand and Lizardo received the penalty for premeditated murder, while Mariano. The Marcos family took their appeal to the Supreme Court of the Philippines, Marcos studied law at the University of the Philippines, attending the prestigious College of Law. He excelled in both curricular and extra-curricular activities, becoming a member of the universitys swimming, boxing
Ferdinand Marcos
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Marcos in 1982.
Ferdinand Marcos
–
Marcos at the
White House in 1966.
Ferdinand Marcos
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Ferdinand Marcos with Secretary of State George Shultz, 1982.
Ferdinand Marcos
–
President Ferdinand E. Marcos in Washington in 1983.
11.
Benigno Aquino, Jr.
–
Benigno Simeon Ninoy Aquino Jr. was the former husband of former Philippine President Corazon Aquino and father of former Philippine President Benigno Aquino III. Aquino, together with Gerry Roxas and Jovito Salonga, formed the leadership of the opposition towards Ferdinand Marcos, shortly after the imposition of martial law, he was arrested in 1972 along with others associated with the Communists armed insurgency and incarcerated for seven years. He founded his own party Lakas ng Bayan and ran for the Philippine parliamentary election,1978 and he was assassinated at the Manila International Airport in 1983 upon returning from his self-imposed exile. His death catapulted his widow, Corazon, into the political limelight, among other public structures, Manila International Airport has since been renamed Ninoy Aquino International Airport in his honor, and the anniversary of his death is a national holiday. Benigno Simeón Aquino was born in Concepcion, Tarlac, on November 27,1932, to a family of hacenderos, original owners of Hacienda Maling, Hacienda Sawang. His grandfather, Servillano Aquino, was a general in the army of Emilio Aguinaldo. His father, Benigno Aquino Sr. was the Director-General of KALIBAPI and his father was also one of two politicians representing Tarlac during his lifetime, the other being José Cojuangco, father of his future wife. After the war, Benigno Aquino Sr. was arrested and charged with treason for collaborating with the Japanese during the occupation of the country. His father died before the trial was completed and he received his elementary education at De La Salle College and finished at Saint Josephs College of Quezon City. He completed his school education at San Beda College. Aquino took his education at Ateneo de Manila to obtain a Bachelor of Arts degree. According to one of his biographies, he considered himself to be an average student, at age 17, he was the youngest war correspondent to cover the Korean War for The Manila Times of Don Joaquín Chino Roces. Because of his feats, he received the Philippine Legion of Honor award from President Elpidio Quirino at age 18. At 21, he became an adviser to then Defense Secretary Ramon Magsaysay. Aquino took up law at the University of the Philippines, where he became a member of Upsilon Sigma Phi and he interrupted his studies again however to pursue a career in journalism. According to Máximo Soliven, Aquino later explained that he had decided to go to as many schools as possible, so that he could make as many new friends as possible. After four months of negotiations, he was credited for Tarucs unconditional surrender and was given a second Philippine Legion of Honor award with the degree of Commander on October 14,1954 and he became mayor of Concepcion in 1955 at the age of 22. Ninoy helped brokered the purchase of Hacienda Luisita, a 6,453 hectare sugar plantation and he later on became the Haciendas administrator
Benigno Aquino, Jr.
–
Benigno S. Aquino, Jr.
Benigno Aquino, Jr.
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Benigno Aquino Jr. (right) with Ramon Magsaysay in August 1951.
Benigno Aquino, Jr.
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The aftermath of Aquino's assassination
Benigno Aquino, Jr.
–
Sen. Ninoy Aquino's grave (right) is next to his wife
Corazon Aquino 's (left) at the Manila Memorial Park in
Parañaque, Philippines.
12.
Philippine presidential election, 1986
–
The Philippine presidential election,1986 or more popularly known in the Philippines as The Snap Election were held on 7 February 1986. This is subject to debate as there are many discrepancies on the number of votes and it is believed that Marcos committed fraud in the tallying of votes. Following this, both the United States of America and the Church gave statements supporting Aquinos accession as President and this event is known to be the catalyst for the end of the Marcos Regime as it brought about the People Power Revolution. The courage and the goodness of Corazón Aquino was so impressive in her battle against enormous odds. And the bravery of her many of whom were killed as they pursued their belief in a true democracy. And then there was this, the role of the press, print, through television cameras and newspapers, the whole world was watching. President Marcos could lie and cheat, but in the end he could not hide, —Tom Brokaw, NBC Nightly News The assassination of Senator Benigno Ninoy Aquino Jr. on August 21,1983 revived the oppositionist press, and not far behind it did the pro-Marcos press retaliate. An example of this would be the written by Eduardo Lachica in December 1982. It stirred interest after being published in The Asian Wall Street Journal on the alleged Marcos property holdings in New York, there have been incessant speculations of Philippine capital flight that not only involved Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos themselves, but also government officials and friends of the first family. Simons provided Krim with a list of names, telling him to look into Philippine investments in the San Francisco Bay area, Krim handed over several clips and miscellaneous letters from the Filipino exile community to the investigative reporter Pete Carey attached with a note, Look into this. Carey began his paper trail after setting up his personal computer, in an interview, Carey says, I kept telling them, Im not interested in quoting people, Im not going to use yours or any names. Im interested in evidence, That convinced people. Due to budgetary concerns, He continued his trail by exploring records in New York, why real estate conditions made California a prime investment territory, and how capital flight fueled Philippine insurgency. Meanwhile, local publications in the Philippines such as Malaya, Veritas, Business Day, there were protests on the streets, attempts by the National Assemblys opposition minority to file an impeachment hearing while President Marcos was forced to order an impartial inquiry. It provokes a totally different psychological reaction in the readers, gossip stirs their apathy, facts galvanize them to action. More reporters from The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, the most significant were those uncovered by Times Jeff Gerth, who wrote on the misuse of American aid money by the Marcos administration. Although President Marcos continued to deny these allegations, it did little to avert the consequences and his support in the congress quickly dissipated while news of his misrule endangered U. S. military interests. Though revelations of Marcos hidden wealth disparaged him in America, in the Philippines, during a campaign in Manilas Tondo district, Marcos retorted, The people who are our opponents, they say Marcos is not a genuine guerrilla who did not really fight
Philippine presidential election, 1986
–
Nominee
Philippine presidential election, 1986
13.
People Power Revolution
–
The People Power Revolution was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines that began in 1983 and culminated on February 22–25,1986. There was a campaign of civil resistance against regime violence. The nonviolent revolution led to the departure of President Ferdinand Marcos and it is also referred to as the Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during the demonstrations following the assassination of Filipino senator Benigno Ninoy Aquino, Jr. The majority of the demonstrations took place on a stretch of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, more commonly known by its acronym EDSA. The protests, fueled by the resistance and opposition from years of governance by Marcos. Corazon Aquino was proclaimed as the President of the Philippines after the revolution, some authors praised Marcos decision not to attack the protesters and to voluntarily leave the country for preventing a bloody civil war. Ferdinand E. Marcos was elected president in 1965, defeating incumbent Diosdado Macapagal by a margin of 52 to 43 percent, during this time, Marcos was very active in the initiation of public works projects and the intensification of tax collections. Marcos and his government claimed that they built more roads than all his predecessors combined, Marcos second term for the presidency was marred by allegations by the opposition Liberal Party of widespread graft and corruption. On September 23,1972, citing more than 15 bombing incidents, Martial law was ratified by 90. 77% of the voters during the Philippine Martial Law referendum in 1973 though the referendum was marred by controversy. The referendum had the results, As Marcos was barred from running for a third term as president in 1973. Rigoberto Tiglao, former secretary and a former communist incarcerated during the martial law, argued that the liberal. The new constitution went into effect in early 1973, changing the form of government from presidential to parliamentary, the constitution was approved by 95% of the voters in the Philippine constitutional plebiscite. Marcos also dissolved the Philippine Congress and shut down media establishments critical of the Marcos government, Marcos also ordered the immediate arrest of his political opponents and critics. In his undelivered speech upon his return from the US on August 21,1983, Aquino said, I am not a communist, never was and never will be. In 1978, while still in prison, Aquino founded his political party, despite warnings from the military and other pro-Marcos groups, Ninoy Aquino was determined to return to the Philippines. Asked what he thought of the threats, Ninoy Aquino responded, “The Filipino is worth dying for. ”At that time, Ninoys passport had expired. The passport carried the alias Marcial Bonifacio, Aquino became allies with Rashid Lucman as he supported the Muslim rebellion in Mindanao against the government. On August 21,1983, after an exile in the United States
People Power Revolution
–
People Power Revolution
People Power Revolution
People Power Revolution
–
President
Ferdinand Marcos
People Power Revolution
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Corazon Aquino was inaugurated as the 11th president of the Philippines On February 25, 1986 at Sampaguita Hall (Now Kalayaan Hall)
14.
The Philippine STAR
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The Philippine Star is a print and digital newspaper in the Philippines and the flagship brand of the PhilStar Media Group. First published on 28 July 1986 by veteran journalists Betty Go-Belmonte, Max Soliven and Art Borjal, the newspaper is owned and published by Philstar Daily Inc. which also publishes the monthly magazine People Asia and the Sunday magazines Starweek, Gist and Lets Eat. The Philippine Star is among the Philippines most widely circulated newspapers, with a circulation of 266,000 copies daily. The Philippine Star was first published seven months after the 1986 People Power Revolution that toppled strongman Ferdinand Marcos, at that time, Belmonte was the publisher of a small, monthly magazine called The Star, a predecessor of the The Philippine Star. Belmonte served as the chairman of the Board of Directors, while Soliven acted as the founding publisher. Antonio Roces served as the first editor-in-chief until his resignation in 1989, the masthead of the newspaper carried the motto, Truth Shall Prevail, reflecting its editorial policy of presenting both sides of the story instead of the prevailing scoop mentality of that time. Aside from the news section, the first issue also includes the World, Nation, Money, Life. For its initial price of ₱1.75, the newspaper had a print run of “a few thousand copies”. At first, the newspaper was published from Mondays to Saturdays because Belmonte prohibited work on Sundays. To capitalize on Sunday readership, Philstar Daily, Inc. began publishing Starweek in 1987, eventually, in 1988, the newspaper added a Sunday issue in response to the demand for news on that day, while continuing its publication of Starweek. Aside from The Philippine Star, Philstar Daily, Inc. also started publishing a Filipino-language tabloid Ang Pilipino Ngayon, with the sudden death of Belmonte due to cancer on 28 January 1994, Soliven assumed chairmanship of the Board of Directors while retaining his position at publisher. He appointed Belmontes 30-year-old son, Miguel Belmonte, as vice president. On 4 August 1995, The Philippine Star became the first Philippine broadsheet newspaper to publish a front page. In 1998, the Board of Directors unanimously appointed Miguel Belmonte as president and CEO, while Soliven remained as chairman of the Board of Directors and publisher. The following year, the newspaper introduced “Hotline 2000”, which use of SMS as a means for opinion polling. It was the beginning of other endeavors that brought the newspaper to the Digital Age. In 2000, the newspaper debuted its website, philstar. com, in the same year, the company began using computer-to-plate printing system. In that year too, Miguels brother, Isaac Belmonte, was appointed editor-in-chief of the newspaper, a complimentary copy of the newspaper was given to Jollibee patrons nationwide for every purchase of a Jollibee breakfast meal
The Philippine STAR
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The Philippine Star
The Philippine STAR
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The first issue of The Philippine Star with the headline, " Wear Yellow and die! "
The Philippine STAR
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Front page from July 28, 2014
15.
Intramuros
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Intramuros is the oldest district and historic core of Manila, Philippines. It is also called the Walled City, and at the time of the Spanish Colonial Period was synonymous to the city of Manila itself and it was the seat of government when the Philippines was a component realm of the Spanish Empire. Districts beyond the walls were referred as the extramuros of Manila, construction of the defensive walls was started by Spanish colonial government in the late 16th century to protect the city from foreign invasions. The 0. 67-square-kilometre walled city was located along the shores of the Manila Bay. Guarding the old city is Fort Santiago, its located at the mouth of the river. Land reclamations during the early 20th-century subsequently obscured the walls and fort from the bay, Intramuros was heavily damaged during the battle to recapture the city from the Japanese Imperial Army during the Second World War. Reconstruction of the walls was started in 1951 when Intramuros was declared a National Historical Monument, the region was invaded around 1485 by Sultan Bolkiah and became a part of the Sultanate of Brunei. The site of Intramuros then became a part of the Islamic Kingdom of Maynila a Bruneian puppet-state ruled by Rajah Sulayman, a Muslim Rajah who swore fealty to the Sultan of Brunei. In 1564, Spanish explorers led by Miguel López de Legazpi sailed from New Spain, having heard of the rich resources in Manila from the natives, Legazpi dispatched two of his lieutenant-commanders, Martín de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo to explore the island of Luzon. The Spaniards arrived on the island of Luzon in 1570, after quarrels and misunderstandings between the Islamic natives and the Spaniards, they fought for the control of the land and settlements. Legazpi declared the area of Manila as the new capital of the Spanish colony on June 24,1571 because of its strategic location and he also proclaimed the sovereignty of the Monarchy of Spain over the all the archipelago. King Philip II of Spain delighted at the new conquest achieved by Legazpi and his men, awarded the city a coat of arms and declaring it as, Intramuros was settled and became the political, military and religious center of the Spanish Empire in Asia. The city was in constant danger of natural and man-made disasters and worse, in 1574, a fleet of Chinese pirates led by Limahong attacked the city and destroyed it before the Spaniards drove them away. The colony had to be again by the survivors. These attacks prompted the construction of the wall, the city of stone began during the rule of Governor-General Santiago de Vera. The city was planned and executed by Jesuit Priest, Antonio Sedeno and was approved by King Philip IIs Royal Ordinance that was issued in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, leonardo Iturriano, a Spanish military engineer specializing in fortifications, headed the project. Chinese and Filipino workers built the walls, Fort Santiago was rebuilt and a circular fort, known as Nuestra Senora de Guia, was erected to defend the land and sea on the southwestern side of the city. Funds came from a monopoly on playing cards and fines imposed on its excessive play, Chinese goods were taxed for two years
Intramuros
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Entrance on Gen. Luna Street
Intramuros
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Map of the present territory of the
City of Manila, with Intramuros highlighted in yellow
Intramuros
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The Santa Lucia gate (1873)
Intramuros
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Puerta de Santa Lucia gate of Intramuros in front of Augustinian convento, Manila, Philippines – 1899
16.
Manila Bulletin
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The Manila Bulletin, is the Philippines largest broadsheet newspaper by circulation, followed by the Philippine Daily Inquirer. It bills itself as The Nations Leading Newspaper, which is its official slogan, founded in 1900 as a shipping journal, it is the second-oldest Philippine newspaper, second only to The Manila Times. The newspaper was owned by a Swiss expatriate named Hans Menzi. Its name was changed from Bulletin Today on March 12,1986, on occasion the editorial policy of the Manila Bulletin has met objection from civil authorities. During World War II the newspapers editor, Roy Anthony Cutaran Bennett, was imprisoned and tortured by the Japanese for his statements opposing the militarist expansion of the Japanese Empire, the Manila Bulletin survived the martial law era of President Ferdinand Marcos as a propaganda tool. The company has listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange since 1990. It also publishes a number of magazines such as Wedding Essentials, Style Weekend, GARAGE Magazine, Agriculture Magazine, Digital Gen, Going Places. The newspaper is regarded by many for being pro-administration regardless of who is in power and also for its optimistic, only shortly after the death of Chairman Emilio Yap did the newspaper decide to allow discussion of political and current events in its editorial pages. The editorial is also featured in its sister papers Tempo and Balita, to further enhance its image as a newspaper which presents positive news articles, the Bulletin recently introduced a new marketing tagline, Theres good news here. In 2015, they adopted the marketing tagline Be Fully Informed which is still being used throughout 2016, in addition it maintains the oldest news website in the Philippines.3 million readers. The Manila Bulletin came second with 47%, while the Philippine Star was third with 42%, Nielsen survey also showed that the Sunday Inquirer Magazine led in its category, with 39% readership, Panorama came in second with 35%, and Starweek was third with 12%. Latest Q22016 Nielsen Consumer and Media View results put Manila Bulletin, with 48% share of the total Broadsheet market, Philippine Daily Inquirer comes in second at 38%, followed by Philippine Star at 14%. Manila Bulletin also had the most number of readers with 42% of its readers not reading any other broadsheet title. On June 5,2008, a Filipino blogger sued the Bulletin for copyright infringement, the photo blogger had discovered that photos that he had taken and posted online had been used by the Manila Bulletin in the Travel & Tourism section of its March 21,2007 issue. Apparently, the photographs had been altered and used by the newspaper without the original photographers consent, a month later, the newspaper filed a counter-suit against the blogger claiming exemplary and moral damages. The Manila Bulletin claimed that its use of the photographs constituted fair use
Manila Bulletin
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The Manila Bulletin announcing the assassination of
Benigno Aquino, Jr.
17.
Letty Jimenez Magsanoc
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Letty Jimenez-Magsanoc was a Filipino journalist and editor, notable for her role in overthrowing the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos. She was an icon of democracy, Magsanoc was editor of the crusading weekly opposition tabloid Mr & Ms Special Edition. She was editor in chief of the Philippine Daily Inquirer and she spent most of the 1960s in the United States, taking a masters in journalism at the University of Missouri. In 1963, she married Carlos Magsanoc, a doctor and her daughter Kara Magsanoc-Alikpala is a broadcast journalist who produces news documentaries. Jimenez-Magsanoc died on the night of Christmas Eve, December 24,2015 at St. Lukes Medical Center in Taguig City, the Magsanoc family returned to the Philippines in 1969. When the womens editor of the Bulletins Sunday magazine, Panorama left. The last place I wanted to land in, in any publication was the womens pages, I was trying to get away from writing about lipstick and fashion. Fortunately I was allowed to write about almost anything, sometimes it had nothing to do with women. In 1976, Magsanoc began to write for the daily Manila Bulletin and she wrote a thrice weekly column, The Passing Scene, alternating with columnist Tony Nieva. Later, she was given her own column Not for People Only and this was when she began to get into trouble with authorities for being critical of the post-martial law Marcos government. In 1978, General Hans Menzi, publisher of the Manila Bulletin, I did not want to be editor because I just wanted to do writing. You know what its like to be editor, you have to sit at the desk, give out assignments and it is difficult to conceptualize the whole issue. What I wanted to do was go out and write and she demanded that Panorama be given a 60 per cent editorial to 40 per cent advertising ratio and to her surprise, Menzie agreed. Magsanocs arrival at Panorama gave the magazine a new reputation, Panorama staffer Margot Baterina said, We pursued stories that nobody else dared to touch. National Press Club data of the time put the circulation at 300,000 on Sundays more than triple the combined circulation of the two other morning dailes. Between 1976 and 1981, Letty Jimenez Magsanoc was editor of Panorama, five months after being named one of the 1981 Ten Outstanding Women of the New Society she was forced to resign after writing an article perceived as critical to the government. Marcos had sought to fend off criticism of his rule by staging a faux election and his victory was celebrated in a sumptuous, if surreal, ceremony, in which a choir sang Handels Messiah. Magsanoc led off with a line from Handel, And he shall reign forever and ever, Marcos thought that blasphemous and got her fired
Letty Jimenez Magsanoc
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Letty Jimenez-Magsanoc (Photo by Mandy Navasero)
18.
Bulletin Today
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The Manila Bulletin, is the Philippines largest broadsheet newspaper by circulation, followed by the Philippine Daily Inquirer. It bills itself as The Nations Leading Newspaper, which is its official slogan, founded in 1900 as a shipping journal, it is the second-oldest Philippine newspaper, second only to The Manila Times. The newspaper was owned by a Swiss expatriate named Hans Menzi. Its name was changed from Bulletin Today on March 12,1986, on occasion the editorial policy of the Manila Bulletin has met objection from civil authorities. During World War II the newspapers editor, Roy Anthony Cutaran Bennett, was imprisoned and tortured by the Japanese for his statements opposing the militarist expansion of the Japanese Empire, the Manila Bulletin survived the martial law era of President Ferdinand Marcos as a propaganda tool. The company has listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange since 1990. It also publishes a number of magazines such as Wedding Essentials, Style Weekend, GARAGE Magazine, Agriculture Magazine, Digital Gen, Going Places. The newspaper is regarded by many for being pro-administration regardless of who is in power and also for its optimistic, only shortly after the death of Chairman Emilio Yap did the newspaper decide to allow discussion of political and current events in its editorial pages. The editorial is also featured in its sister papers Tempo and Balita, to further enhance its image as a newspaper which presents positive news articles, the Bulletin recently introduced a new marketing tagline, Theres good news here. In 2015, they adopted the marketing tagline Be Fully Informed which is still being used throughout 2016, in addition it maintains the oldest news website in the Philippines.3 million readers. The Manila Bulletin came second with 47%, while the Philippine Star was third with 42%, Nielsen survey also showed that the Sunday Inquirer Magazine led in its category, with 39% readership, Panorama came in second with 35%, and Starweek was third with 12%. Latest Q22016 Nielsen Consumer and Media View results put Manila Bulletin, with 48% share of the total Broadsheet market, Philippine Daily Inquirer comes in second at 38%, followed by Philippine Star at 14%. Manila Bulletin also had the most number of readers with 42% of its readers not reading any other broadsheet title. On June 5,2008, a Filipino blogger sued the Bulletin for copyright infringement, the photo blogger had discovered that photos that he had taken and posted online had been used by the Manila Bulletin in the Travel & Tourism section of its March 21,2007 issue. Apparently, the photographs had been altered and used by the newspaper without the original photographers consent, a month later, the newspaper filed a counter-suit against the blogger claiming exemplary and moral damages. The Manila Bulletin claimed that its use of the photographs constituted fair use
Bulletin Today
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The Manila Bulletin announcing the assassination of
Benigno Aquino, Jr.
Bulletin Today
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Manila Bulletin
19.
Makati City
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Makati, officially the City of Makati, in the Philippines, is one of the sixteen cities that make up Metro Manila. Makati is the center of the Philippines, it has the highest concentration of multinational and local corporations in the country. Major banks, corporations, department stores as well as foreign embassies are based in Makati, the biggest trading floor of the Philippine Stock Exchange is situated along the citys Ayala Avenue. Makati is also known for being a cultural and entertainment hub in Metro Manila. With a population of 582,602, Makati is the 17th-largest city in the country, tradition holds that a Tagalog at a swamp on the south of the Pasig River was asked by a visitor, who was Miguel López de Legazpi, for the name of the place. As a result of the barrier the question was misinterpreted, and the Tagalog pointed to the receding tide of the Pasig River. Parts of the city were subject to the pre-Hispanic Kingdom of Namayan. It became an independent municipality in 1670, and was christened San Pedro de Macati in honour of the towns patron, the town was also famous for its pottery industry since the 18th century, with skilled potters trained by Jesuit priests. Its strategic location made it a pitstop for pilgrims, travelling by foot or boat, towards the shrine of Our Lady of Peace. In 1851, Don José Bonifacio Roxas purchased the Jesuit estate of Hacienda de San Pedro de Macati for 52,800 pesos, since then, the development of Makati has remained linked with the Zóbel de Ayala family and their company, Ayala Corporation. Culi-Culi is now a barangay named in honour of Del Pilar, by 1898, Spain ceded the Philippines and other overseas possessions to the United States after the formers defeat in the Spanish–American War. That same year, the town, with a population of 25,000, was incorporated from Manila to the new province of Rizal. On February 28,1914, the The Philippine Legislature passed Act 2390, shortening the name, San Pedro de Macati, during that same period, Santa Ana Park, the nations second horse racing facility, opened to expectations from horse racing fans. After the destruction Second World War had brought upon Makati, and the subsequent closure of Nielson Field, the town grew rapidly, the first of the planned communities were established in the 1950s with the efforts of its landowner, Ayala y Compañía. The first office buildings were built on what is now the Makati Central Business District, since the late 1960s, Makati has transformed into the financial and commercial capital of the country. Makatis central location adjacent to the city of Manila also made it a hub for major national and international corporations. Partly as a result a new town hall just miles from the old one was built in 1962 just along J. P. Rizal Avenue. Mayor Bañolas term of office as town executive saw the building up of what is now the Ayala Center with the help of the Ayala firm, which would become the citys central shopping center of today
Makati City
Makati City
Makati City
Makati City
20.
Joseph Estrada
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Joseph Erap Ejercito Estrada is a Filipino politician who served as the 13th President of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001 and as the 9th Vice President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. He has been Mayor of the City of Manila, the countrys capital, Estrada was elected President in 1998 with a wide margin of votes separating him from the other challengers, and was sworn into the presidency on June 30,1998. In 2000 he declared an all-out-war against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and captured its headquarters and he ran for president again in the 2010 presidential election, but placed second behind Senator Benigno Aquino III. José Marcelo Ejército Sr. was born at 8,25 PM on April 19,1937 at Manuguit Maternity Hospital in Tondo and his family later moved to the wealthy suburb of San Juan. He belonged to a family, and was the eighth of ten children of Emilio Ejercito Sr. and his wife. Emilio Ejercito Sr. later transferred to Central Colleges of the Philippines, in his twenties, he began a career as a drama actor. He adopted the stage name Joseph Estrada, as his mother objected to his chosen career and his decision to quit schooling. Estrada is married to former First Lady-turned-senator Dr. Jorge Ejercito, brother, actor E. R. Ejercito, son of George Estregan and nephew, actor, Mayor of Pagsanjan, Laguna, gary Ejercito, nephew, actor and Board Member of Quezon province. Gherome Ejercito, nephew, basketball player Estrada played the role in more than 100 movies. He was the first FAMAS Hall of Fame recipient for Best Actor and he often played heroes of the lower classes, making him popular among several impoverished citizens. This proved advantageous to his political career and he also founded, together with Guillermo de Vega, the first Metro Manila Film Festival in 1975. His administration was marked by unequaled accomplishments in infrastructure development and he relocated some 1,800 squatter families out of San Juan to Taytay, Rizal, at no cost. He was also the first mayor to computerize assessment of the Real Estate Tax in the Municipal Assessor’s Office, when Corazon Aquino assumed the presidency in 1986, all elected officials of the local government were forcibly removed and replaced by appointed officers-in-charge, including Estrada. The following year, Estrada won a seat in the Senate under the Grand Alliance for Democracy placing 16th in the elections, in 1987, he set his sights on a Senate run and handily garnered a seat. He was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Public Works and he was Vice-Chairman of the Committees on Health, Natural Resources and Ecology and Urban Planning. In 1989, the Free Press cited him as one of the Three Outstanding Senators of the Year and he was conferred the degree of Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa by the Bicol University in April 1997, and the University of Pangasinan in 1990. Though Cojuangco lost to former National Defense Secretary Fidel Ramos, Estrada won the vice-presidency garnering more votes than his closest opponent, Ramon Mitra, Jr. s running mate, as Vice-President, Estrada was the chairman of President Ramos Presidential Anti-Crime Commission. Estrada arrested criminal warlords and kidnapping syndicates and he resigned as chairman in 1997
Joseph Estrada
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His Excellency Joseph Ejercito Estrada
Joseph Estrada
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Joseph Estrada in 2013 at the
Manila Central Post Office.
Joseph Estrada
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Family
