Philosophie zoologique
Videos
Philosophie zoologique is an 1809 book by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, in which he outlines his pre-Darwinian theory of evolution, part of which is now known as Lamarckism.
Title page of first edition, 1809
Lamarck by Charles Thévenin (c. 1802)
Lamarck used the blind mole rat (Spalax) as an example of the loss of function through disuse. The animal's tiny eyes are completely covered by a layer of skin.
Tree of life (biology)
Videos
The tree of life or universal tree of life is a metaphor, conceptual model, and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living and ex
Edward Hitchcock's fold-out paleontological chart in his 1840 Elementary Geology
Augustin Augier's 1801 Arbre botanique ("Botanical Tree")
Haeckel's Stammbaum der Primaten (1860s)
The tree of life as seen by Haeckel in The Evolution of Man (1879)