Pierre Gringore was a popular French poet and playwright.
Representation of Pierre Gringore on the hotel Malherbe at Caen
Pierre Gringoire. Illustration by Gustave Brion for The Hunchback of Notre-Dame.
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame is a French Gothic novel by Victor Hugo, published in 1831. The title refers to the Notre-Dame Cathedral, which features prominently throughout the novel. It focuses on the unfortunate story of Quasimodo, the Roma street dancer Esmeralda and Quasimodo's guardian the Archdeacon Claude Frollo in 15th-century Paris. All its elements—the Renaissance setting, impossible love affairs and marginalized characters—make the work a model of the literary themes of Romanticism.
1st edition cover
Illustration from Victor Hugo et son temps (1881)
Lon Chaney and Patsy Ruth Miller in the 1923 film adaptation