1.
Georgia (U.S. state)
–
Georgia is a state in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1733, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies, named after King George II of Great Britain, Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2,1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 19,1861 and it was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15,1870. Georgia is the 24th largest and the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, from 2007 to 2008,14 of Georgias counties ranked among the nations 100 fastest-growing, second only to Texas. Georgia is known as the Peach State and the Empire State of the South, Atlanta is the states capital, its most populous city and has been named a global city. Georgia is bordered to the south by Florida, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, to the west by Alabama, the states northern part is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains system. Georgias highest point is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet above sea level, Georgia is the largest state entirely east of the Mississippi River in land area. Before settlement by Europeans, Georgia was inhabited by the mound building cultures, the British colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12,1733. The colony was administered by the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America under a charter issued by King George II. The Trustees implemented a plan for the colonys settlement, known as the Oglethorpe Plan. In 1742 the colony was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Jenkins Ear, in 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the crown. Georgia became a colony, with a governor appointed by the king. The Province of Georgia was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution by signing the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the State of Georgias first constitution was ratified in February 1777. Georgia was the 10th state to ratify the Articles of Confederation on July 24,1778, in 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains, which led to the Georgia Gold Rush and an established federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued its operation until 1861. The subsequent influx of white settlers put pressure on the government to land from the Cherokee Nation. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, sending many eastern Native American nations to reservations in present-day Oklahoma, including all of Georgias tribes. Despite the Supreme Courts ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that ruled U. S. states were not permitted to redraw the Indian boundaries, President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling. In 1838, his successor, Martin Van Buren, dispatched troops to gather the Cherokee
2.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Zebulon Pike
–
Zebulon Montgomery Pike was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado was renamed. As a U. S. Pikes expeditions coincided with other Jeffersonian expeditions, including the Lewis and Clark Expedition and the Thomas Freeman and Peter Custis expedition. Pikes second expedition crossed the Rocky Mountains into southern Colorado, which led to his capture by the Spanish, later in 1807, Pike and some of his men were escorted by the Spanish through Texas and released near American territory. In 1810, Pike published an account of his expeditions, a book so popular that it was translated into Dutch, French, and German, for publication in Europe. He later achieved the rank of general in the Army and served during the War of 1812. Pike was born during the Revolutionary War, on January 5,1779, near Lamberton, now called Lamington, in Somerset County, New Jersey. The younger Pike grew to adulthood with his family at a series of outposts in Ohio and he was commissioned as a second lieutenant of infantry in 1799 and promoted to first lieutenant later that same year. Pike was descended from John Pike, who immigrated from England as a child in 1635 and helped found Woodbridge, Pike, though he left no male descendants. This paternal line descends from an ancestor of the seventeenth or eighteenth centuries. Zebulon Pike, Jr. married Clarissa Harlow Brown in 1801 and they had one child who survived to adulthood, Clarissa Brown Pike, who later married President William Henry Harrisons son, John Cleves Symmes Harrison. Pikes military career included working on logistics and payroll at a series of frontier posts, General James Wilkinson, appointed Governor of the Upper Louisiana Territory and headquartered there, became his mentor. In 1805, Wilkinson ordered Pike to find the source of the Mississippi River, so Pike traveled into the northern Louisiana Territory, newly purchased from France. Over 100 years later, France released official records showing General Wilkinson received personal trade concessions, additional objectives of this exploratory expedition into the southwestern part of the Louisiana Territory were to evaluate natural resources and establish friendly relations with Native Americans. Beginning July 15,1806, Pike led what became known as the Pike Expedition, General Wilkinsons son James served as one of his lieutenants, although it now seems that Wilkinson planned that the Spanish who controlled Mexico would capture him and his men. In early November 1806, Pike and his team sighted and tried to climb to the summit of the later named after him. They made it as far as Mt. Rosa, located southeast of Pikes Peak and they had already gone almost two days without food. They then continued south, searching for the Red Rivers headwaters, however, they had crossed the border, whether through confusion or deliberation. Spanish authorities captured Pike and some of his party in what was then northern New Mexico on February 26,1807
4.
County seat
–
A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is used in the United States, Canada, Romania, China, in the United Kingdom and Ireland, county towns have a similar function. In the United States, counties are the subdivisions of a state. Depending on the state, counties may provide services to the public, impose taxes. Some types of subdivisions, such as townships, may be incorporated or unincorporated. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government is known as the seat of its respective county, a county seat is usually, but not always, an incorporated municipality. The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia, likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey, though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township, in some of the colonial states, county seats include or formerly included Court House as part of their name. Most counties have only one county seat, an example is Harrison County, Mississippi, which lists both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats. The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult, there have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of pride for the towns involved. There are 36 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states, Coffee County, for example, the official county seat is Greensboro, but an additional courthouse has been located in nearby High Point since 1938. For example, Clearwater is the county seat of Pinellas County, Florida, in New England, the town, not the county, is the primary division of local government. Historically, counties in this region have served mainly as dividing lines for the judicial systems. Connecticut and Rhode Island have no county level of government and thus no county seats, in Vermont, Massachusetts, and Maine the county seats are legally designated shire towns. County government consists only of a Superior Court and Sheriff, both located in the shire town. Bennington County has two towns, but the Sheriff is located in Bennington. In Massachusetts, most government functions which would otherwise be performed by county governments in other states are performed by town governments. As such, Massachusetts has dissolved many of its county governments, two counties in South Dakota have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county
5.
Zebulon, Georgia
–
Zebulon is a city in Pike County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,181 at the 2000 census, the city is the county seat of Pike County. The city, like the county, was named after explorer Zebulon Pike, the town was named after Zebulon Pike, a war hero and explorer. Zebulon is located at 33°5′56″N 84°20′32″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.5 square miles, of which 3.5 square miles is land and 0.04 square mile is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,181 people,464 households, the population density was 338.0 people per square mile. There were 499 housing units at a density of 142.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 60. 12% White,36. 92% African American,0. 08% Native American,1. 27% Asian,0. 68% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 95% of the population. 27. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.06. In the city, the population was out with 28. 4% under the age of 18,9. 7% from 18 to 24,28. 6% from 25 to 44,20. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 84.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.3 males, the median income for a household in the city was $29,125, and the median income for a family was $35,333. Males had an income of $25,804 versus $19,479 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,772, about 12. 8% of families and 15. 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14. 8% of those under age 18 and 27. 1% of those age 65 or over. The Pike County School District serves Zebulon, the school district has one Pre-K building, one primary school, one elementary school, one middle school, a ninth grade academy and two high schools. The district has 156 full-time teachers and over 2,800 students, Pike County Pre-Kindergarten Pike County Primary School Pike County Elementary School Pike County Middle School Pike County 9th Grade Academy Pike County High School Zebulon High School
6.
2010 United States Census
–
The 2010 United States Census, is the twenty-third and currently most recent United States national census. National Census Day, the day used for the census, was April 1,2010. As part of a drive to increase the accuracy,635,000 temporary enumerators were hired. The population of the United States was counted as 308,745,538, as required by the United States Constitution, the U. S. census has been conducted every 10 years since 1790. The 2000 U. S. Census was the previous census completed, participation in the U. S. Census is required by law in Title 13 of the United States Code. On January 25,2010, Census Bureau Director Robert Groves personally inaugurated the 2010 Census enumeration by counting World War II veteran Clifton Jackson, more than 120 million census forms were delivered by the U. S. Post Office beginning March 15,2010, the number of forms mailed out or hand-delivered by the Census Bureau was approximately 134 million on April 1,2010. The 2010 Census national mail participation rate was 74%, from April through July 2010, census takers visited households that did not return a form, an operation called non-response follow-up. In December 2010, the Census Bureau delivered population information to the president for apportionment, personally identifiable information will be available in 2082. The Census Bureau did not use a form for the 2010 Census. In several previous censuses, one in six households received this long form, the 2010 Census used only a short form asking ten basic questions, How many people were living or staying in this house, apartment, or mobile home on April 1,2010. Were there any additional people staying here on April 1,2010 that you did not include in Question 1, mark all that apply, Is this house, apartment, or mobile home – What is your telephone number. What is Person 1s age and Person 1s date of birth, is Person 1 of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Does Person 1 sometimes live or stay somewhere else, the form included space to repeat some or all of these questions for up to twelve residents total. In contrast to the 2000 census, an Internet response option was not offered, detailed socioeconomic information collected during past censuses will continue to be collected through the American Community Survey. The survey provides data about communities in the United States on a 1-year or 3-year cycle, depending on the size of the community, rather than once every 10 years. A small percentage of the population on a basis will receive the survey each year. In June 2009, the U. S. Census Bureau announced that it would count same-sex married couples, however, the final form did not contain a separate same-sex married couple option
7.
Georgia's 3rd congressional district
–
Georgias 3rd congressional district is a congressional district in the U. S. state of Georgia. The district is represented by Republican Drew Ferguson. The districts boundaries have been following the 2010 census, which granted an additional congressional seat to Georgia. The first election using the new boundaries were the 2012 congressional elections. The district is based in west-central Georgia and it includes most of the southern suburbs of Atlanta--where most of its population is located--as well as the wealthier portions of Columbus and its northern suburbs. The district is located close to Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, and a number of airport, house of Representatives from Georgias 3rd congressional district who are currently living at this time. The most recent representative to die was Bo Callaway on March 15,2014, the most recently serving representative to die was Richard Ray on May 29,1999. Georgias congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present PDF map of Georgias 3rd district at nationalatlas. gov Georgias 3rd district at GovTrack. us
8.
Time in the United States
–
The time zone boundaries and DST observance are regulated by the Department of Transportation. The clocks run by these services are synchronized with each other as well as with those of other international timekeeping organizations. It is the combination of the zone and daylight saving rules, along with the timekeeping services. The use of solar time became increasingly awkward as railways. American railroads maintained many different time zones during the late 1800s, each train station set its own clock making it difficult to coordinate train schedules and confusing passengers. Time calculation became a problem for people travelling by train. Every city in the United States used a different time standard so there were more than 300 local sun times to choose from, Time zones were therefore a compromise, relaxing the complex geographic dependence while still allowing local time to be approximate with mean solar time. Railroad managers tried to address the problem by establishing 100 railroad time zones, operators of the new railroad lines needed a new time plan that would offer a uniform train schedule for departures and arrivals. Four standard time zones for the continental United States were introduced at noon on November 18,1883, the conference therefore established the Greenwich Meridian as the prime meridian and Greenwich Mean Time as the worlds time standard. The US time-zone system grew from this, in all zones referred back to GMT on the prime meridian. It is, within about 1 second, mean time at 0°. It does not observe daylight saving time and it is one of several closely related successors to Greenwich Mean Time. For most purposes, UTC is considered interchangeable with GMT, standard time zones in the United States are currently defined at the federal level by law 15 USC §260. The federal law establishes the transition dates and times at which daylight saving time occurs. As of August 9,2007, the time zones are defined in terms of hourly offsets from UTC. Prior to this they were based upon the solar time at several meridians 15° apart west of Greenwich. Only the full-time zone names listed below are official, abbreviations are by common use conventions, the United States uses nine standard time zones. The Central standard time zone, which comprises roughly the Gulf Coast, Mississippi Valley, the Mountain standard time zone, which comprises roughly the states that include the Rocky Mountains
9.
Eastern Time Zone
–
Places that use Eastern Standard Time when observing standard time are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern Daylight Time, when observing daylight saving time DST is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, in the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2,00 a. m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3,00 a. m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap, on the first Sunday in November, at 2,00 a. m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1,00 a. m, southern parts of the zone do not observe daylight saving time. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States, the act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2,00 a. m. EST to 3,00 a. m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, in Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. However, a handful of communities unofficially observe Eastern Time because they are part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area – Phenix City, Smiths Station, Lanett, and Valley. Florida, All of Florida is in the Eastern Time zone except for the portion of the Florida Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as the Eastern–Central zone boundary approaches the Gulf of Mexico, it follows the Bay/Gulf county line. Indiana, All of Indiana observes Eastern Time except for six counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Kentucky, Roughly, the half of the state, including all of metropolitan Louisville, is in the Eastern Time Zone. Historically the entire state observed Central Time, when daylight saving time was first introduced, the Lower Peninsula remained on DST after it formally ended, effectively re-aligning itself into the Eastern Time Zone. The Upper Peninsula continued to observe Central Time until 1972, when all, Tennessee, Most of the eastern third of Tennessee is legally on Eastern Time. Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States, since it includes the capital and the largest city. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, for example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time. Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time, national broadcast networks generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8,00 p. m. with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7,00 p. m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7,00 p. m. local time, as Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7,00 p. m. local time
10.
Coordinated Universal Time
–
Coordinated Universal Time, abbreviated to UTC, is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time. It is within about 1 second of mean time at 0° longitude. It is one of closely related successors to Greenwich Mean Time. For most purposes, UTC is considered interchangeable with GMT, the first Coordinated Universal Time was informally adopted on 1 January 1960. This change also adopted leap seconds to simplify future adjustments, a number of proposals have been made to replace UTC with a new system that would eliminate leap seconds, but no consensus has yet been reached. Leap seconds are inserted as necessary to keep UTC within 0.9 seconds of universal time, see the Current number of leap seconds section for the number of leap seconds inserted to date. The official abbreviation for Coordinated Universal Time is UTC and this abbreviation arose from a desire by the International Telecommunication Union and the International Astronomical Union to use the same abbreviation in all languages. English speakers originally proposed CUT, while French speakers proposed TUC, the compromise that emerged was UTC, which conforms to the pattern for the abbreviations of the variants of Universal Time. Time zones around the world are expressed using positive or negative offsets from UTC, the westernmost time zone uses UTC−12, being twelve hours behind UTC, the easternmost time zone, theoretically, uses UTC+12, being twelve hours ahead of UTC. In 1995, the nation of Kiribati moved those of its atolls in the Line Islands from UTC-10 to UTC+14 so that the country would all be on the same day. UTC is used in internet and World Wide Web standards. The Network Time Protocol, designed to synchronise the clocks of computers over the internet, computer servers, online services and other entities that rely on having a universally accepted time use UTC as it is more specific than GMT. If only limited precision is needed, clients can obtain the current UTC from a number of official internet UTC servers, for sub-microsecond precision, clients can obtain the time from satellite signals. UTC is also the standard used in aviation, e. g. for flight plans. Weather forecasts and maps all use UTC to avoid confusion about time zones, the International Space Station also uses UTC as a time standard. Amateur radio operators often schedule their radio contacts in UTC, because transmissions on some frequencies can be picked up by many time zones, UTC is also used in digital tachographs used on large goods vehicles under EU and AETR rules. UTC divides time into days, hours, minutes and seconds, days are conventionally identified using the Gregorian calendar, but Julian day numbers can also be used. Each day contains 24 hours and each hour contains 60 minutes, the number of seconds in a minute is usually 60, but with an occasional leap second, it may be 61 or 59 instead
11.
Daylight saving time
–
Daylight saving time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that evening daylight lasts an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions that use Daylight Savings Time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring, American inventor and politician Benjamin Franklin proposed a form of daylight time in 1784. New Zealander George Hudson proposed the idea of saving in 1895. The German Empire and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on April 30,1916, many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. The practice has both advocates and critics, DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software often adjusts clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of DST dates, industrialized societies generally follow a clock-based schedule for daily activities that do not change throughout the course of the year. The time of day that individuals begin and end work or school, North and south of the tropics daylight lasts longer in summer and shorter in winter, with the effect becoming greater as one moves away from the tropics. However, they will have one hour of daylight at the start of each day. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the need for lighting and heating, DST is also of little use for locations near the equator, because these regions see only a small variation in daylight in the course of the year. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season, unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some monasteries of Mount Athos and all Jewish ceremonies. This 1784 satire proposed taxing window shutters, rationing candles, and waking the public by ringing church bells, despite common misconception, Franklin did not actually propose DST, 18th-century Europe did not even keep precise schedules. However, this changed as rail transport and communication networks came to require a standardization of time unknown in Franklins day. Modern DST was first proposed by the New Zealand entomologist George Hudson, whose shift work job gave him time to collect insects. An avid golfer, he also disliked cutting short his round at dusk and his solution was to advance the clock during the summer months, a proposal he published two years later. The proposal was taken up by the Liberal Member of Parliament Robert Pearce, a select committee was set up to examine the issue, but Pearces bill did not become law, and several other bills failed in the following years. Willett lobbied for the proposal in the UK until his death in 1915, william Sword Frost, mayor of Orillia, Ontario, introduced daylight saving time in the municipality during his tenure from 1911 to 1912. Starting on April 30,1916, the German Empire and its World War I ally Austria-Hungary were the first to use DST as a way to conserve coal during wartime, Britain, most of its allies, and many European neutrals soon followed suit. Russia and a few other countries waited until the year
12.
County (United States)
–
In the United States, an administrative or political sub-division of a state is a county, which is a region having specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The term county is used in 48 U. S. states, while Louisiana and Alaska have functionally equivalent subdivisions called parishes, most counties have subdivisions which may include municipalities and unincorporated areas. Others have no divisions, or may serve as a singular consolidated city-county. Some municipalities are in multiple counties, New York City is uniquely partitioned into multiple counties/boroughs, the U. S. federal government uses the term county equivalent to describe non-county administrative or statistical areas that are comparable to counties. Alaskas Unorganized Borough is divided into 11 census areas that are equivalent to counties. As of 2013, the United States has 3,007 counties and 137 county equivalents for a total of 3,144 counties, the number of counties per state ranges from the 3 counties of Delaware to the 254 counties of Texas. Counties have significant governmental functions in all states except Rhode Island and Connecticut, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts has removed most government functions from eight of its 14 counties. The county with the largest population, Los Angeles County, counties were among the earliest units of local government established in the Thirteen Colonies that would become the United States. Virginia created the first counties in order to ease the workload in Jamestown. Americas oldest intact county court records can be found at Eastville, Virginia, in Northampton County, maryland established its first county, St. Marys, in 1637, and Massachusetts followed in 1643. When independence came, the framers of the Constitution did not provide for local governments, rather, they left the matter to the states. Subsequently, early state constitutions generally conceptualized county government as an arm of the state, in some states, these powers are partly or mostly devolved to the counties smaller divisions usually called townships, though in New York, New England and Wisconsin they are called towns. The county may or may not be able to override its townships on certain matters, the newest county in the United States is the city and county of Broomfield, Colorado, established in 2001 as a consolidated city-county. The newest county-equivalents are the Alaskan boroughs of Skagway established in 2007, Wrangell established in 2008, there are 40 consolidated city-counties in the U. S. Similarly, some of Alaskas boroughs have merged with their principal cities creating unified city-boroughs. Some such consolidations and mergers have created cities that rank among the geographically largest cities in the world, see also, #County names, regarding Louisiana. Independent cities, These are cities that legally belong to no county, Washington, D. C. outside the jurisdiction of any state, has a special status. The city of Washington comprises the entirety of the District of Columbia, when founded in 1801, the District consisted of two counties and three cities. In 1846, Alexandria County – including the then–City of Alexandria – was given back to Virginia, in 1871, the three remaining entities – the City of Washington, Georgetown City, and Washington County – were merged into a consolidated government by an act of Congress
13.
U.S. state
–
A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
14.
Atlanta metropolitan area
–
Its economic, cultural and demographic center is Atlanta, and it had a 2015 estimated population of 5.7 million people according to the U. S. Census Bureau. The metro area forms the core of a trading area. The Combined Statistical Area spans up to 39 counties in north Georgia and had an estimated 2015 population of 6.3 million people, Atlanta is considered an alpha world city. It is the third largest metropolitan region in the Census Bureaus Southeast region behind Greater Washington and South Florida. By U. S. Census Bureau standards, the population of the Atlanta region spreads across an area of 8,376 square miles – a land area comparable to that of Massachusetts. Because Georgia contains more counties than any state except Texas. As of the 2000 census, fewer than one in ten residents of the area lived inside Atlanta city limits. A2006 survey by the Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce counted 140 cities, six cities – Johns Creek, Milton, Chattahoochee Hills, Dunwoody, Peachtree Corners, and Brookhaven – have incorporated since then, following the lead of Sandy Springs in 2005. The Atlanta metropolitan area was first defined in 1950 as Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Cobb, the CSA also abuts the Macon and Columbus MSAs. The region is one of the metropolises of the Southeastern United States, the above-listed counties are included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville CSA. However, most other entities define a much smaller metropolitan area by including only the counties which have the densest suburban development. Fulton, DeKalb, Gwinnett, Cobb, and Clayton were the five original counties when the Atlanta metropolitan area was first defined in 1950, and continue to be the core of the metro area. These five counties along with five more are members of the Atlanta Regional Commission, the ten ARC counties and five more are part of the Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District, created in 2001. The 14 counties listed above with under 60,000 residents are not included in any other metropolitan definition except the OMB/Census Bureaus CSA. Hall County was originally the Gainesville, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, Cumberland Perimeter Center Hartsfield-Jackson area More than one half of metro Atlantas population is in unincorporated areas or areas considered a census-designated-place by the census bureau. Metro Atlanta includes the incorporated and unincorporated suburbs, exurbs. 420,003 Places with 75,000 to 99,999 inhabitants Sandy Springs pop,76,728 Places with 50,000 to 74,999 inhabitants Alpharetta pop. 51,271 Places with 25,000 to 49,999 inhabitants Dunwoody pop,25,636 Places with 24, 999- inhabitants The area sprawls across the low foothills of the Appalachian Mountains to the north and the Piedmont to the south
15.
Monroe County, Georgia
–
Monroe County is a county located in the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 26,424, the county was created on May 15,1821. The county was named for James Monroe, Monroe County is included in the Macon, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 398 square miles. There were 8,425 housing units at a density of 8/km². The racial makeup of the county was 70. 36% White,27. 93% Black,0. 35% Native American,0. 34% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,0. 25% from other races, and 0. 74% from two or more races. 1. 29% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,18. 90% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the family size was 3.12. In the county, the population was out with 26. 30% under the age of 18,8. 30% from 18 to 24,30. 40% from 25 to 44,24. 70% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 99.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.20 males, the median income for a household in the county was $44,195, and the median income for a family was $51,093. Males had an income of $34,433 versus $22,146 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,580, about 7. 30% of families and 9. 80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12. 00% of those under age 18 and 13. 30% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 26,424 people,9,662 households, the population density was 66.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 10,710 housing units at a density of 27.1 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 73. 3% white,23. 7% black or African American,0. 8% Asian,0. 3% American Indian,0. 9% from other races, and 1. 0% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2. 0% of the population, in terms of ancestry,14. 7% were American,13. 1% were English,9. 9% were German, and 9. 5% were Irish. The average household size was 2.61 and the family size was 3.03
16.
United States Census Bureau
–
The United States Census Bureau is a principal agency of the U. S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureaus primary mission is conducting the U. S. Census every ten years, in addition to the decennial census, the Census Bureau continually conducts dozens of other censuses and surveys, including the American Community Survey, the U. S. Economic Census, and the Current Population Survey, furthermore, economic and foreign trade indicators released by the federal government typically contain data produced by the Census Bureau. The Bureaus various censuses and surveys help allocate over $400 billion in federal funds every year and help states, local communities, the Census Bureau is part of the U. S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the President of the United States. The Census Bureau now conducts a population count every 10 years in years ending with a 0. Between censuses, the Census Bureau makes population estimates and projections, the Census Bureau is mandated with fulfilling these obligations, the collecting of statistics about the nation, its people, and economy. The Census Bureaus legal authority is codified in Title 13 of the United States Code, the Census Bureau also conducts surveys on behalf of various federal government and local government agencies on topics such as employment, crime, health, consumer expenditures, and housing. Within the bureau, these are known as surveys and are conducted perpetually between and during decennial population counts. The Census Bureau also conducts surveys of manufacturing, retail, service. Between 1790 and 1840, the census was taken by marshals of the judicial districts, the Census Act of 1840 established a central office which became known as the Census Office. Several acts followed that revised and authorized new censuses, typically at the 10-year intervals, in 1902, the temporary Census Office was moved under the Department of Interior, and in 1903 it was renamed the Census Bureau under the new Department of Commerce and Labor. The department was intended to consolidate overlapping statistical agencies, but Census Bureau officials were hindered by their role in the department. An act in 1920 changed the date and authorized manufacturing censuses every 2 years, in 1929, a bill was passed mandating the House of Representatives be reapportioned based on the results of the 1930 Census. In 1954, various acts were codified into Title 13 of the US Code, by law, the Census Bureau must count everyone and submit state population totals to the U. S. President by December 31 of any year ending in a zero. States within the Union receive the results in the spring of the following year, the United States Census Bureau defines four statistical regions, with nine divisions. The Census Bureau regions are widely used. for data collection, the Census Bureau definition is pervasive. Title 13 of the U. S. Code establishes penalties for the disclosure of this information, all Census employees must sign an affidavit of non-disclosure prior to employment. The Bureau cannot share responses, addresses or personal information with anyone including United States or foreign government, only after 72 years does the information collected become available to other agencies or the general public
17.
Flint River (Georgia)
–
The Flint River is a 344-mile-long river in the U. S. state of Georgia. Along with the Apalachicola and the Chattahoochee rivers, it part of the ACF basin. In its upper course through the red hills of the Piedmont, it is considered especially scenic, historically, it was also called the Thronateeska River. The Flint River rises in west central Georgia in the city of East Point in southern Fulton County on the outskirts of the Atlanta metropolitan area as ground seepage. The exact start can be traced to the field located between Plant Street, Willingham Drive, Elm Street, and Vesta Avenue and it travels under the runways of the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Flowing generally south through rural western Georgia, the passes through Sprewell Bluff State Park. Farther south, it comes within 5 miles of Andersonville, the site of the Andersonville prison during the Civil War, in southwestern Georgia, the river flows through downtown Albany, the largest city on the river. At Bainbridge it joins Lake Seminole, formed at its confluence with the Chattahoochee River upstream from the Jim Woodruff Dam, from this confluence, the Apalachicola River flows south from the reservoir through Florida to the Gulf of Mexico. The Flint River is fed by Kinchafoonee Creek just north of Albany, in addition to Lake Seminole, the Flint River is impounded approximately 15 miles upstream from Albany to form the Lake Blackshear reservoir. The Flint River is one of only 40 rivers in the nation to flow more than 200 miles unimpeded by dams or other manmade systems, and is increasingly valued for that. In the 1970s, a plan by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers to build a dam at Sprewell Bluff in Upson County was defeated by the Jimmy Carter, Governor of Georgia, carters hometown of Plains is located near the Flint River. The river is considered to have three sections as it flows southward through western Georgia. In its upper reaches in the red hills of the Piedmont, south of its fall line near Culloden, the channel transforms to a broad, forested swampy flood plain. South of Lake Blackshear, it again, flowing through a channel in limestone rock above the Upper Floridan Aquifer below southwestern Georgia. The river has been prone to floods throughout its history, in 1994, during flooding from Tropical Storm Alberto, the river crested at 43 feet in Albany, resulting in the emergency evacuation of over 23,000 residents. It caused one of the worst natural disasters in the states history, interstate 75 was closed in Macon, and Albany State University was also seriously flooded, as the river became a few miles or several kilometers wide in some places. The water lifted caskets from cemeteries and left them, along with drowned cattle and other livestock, stuck in trees, montezuma, Georgia was completely inundated after the Flint River topped the 29-foot levee protecting the town from floodwater. The official depth of the river at the height of the flood was estimated at 34 feet, the nearby gauge was underwater, making it impossible to get an accurate reading
18.
ACF River Basin
–
The ACF River Basin is the drainage basin, or watershed, of the A Apalachicola River, C Chattahoochee River, and F Flint River, in the Southeastern United States. This area is known as simply the Apalachicola Basin and is listed by the United States Geological Survey as basin HUC031300. It is located in the South Atlantic-Gulf Water Resource Region, which is listed as HUC03, the basin is further sub-divided into 14 sub-basins. It drains an area of 20,355 square miles and these states and Alabama have been involved in a water-use dispute for two decades, known as the Tri-state water dispute. Georgia has also lobbied the United States Congress to end navigation on the Appalachicola and lower Chattahoochee, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, ACF Basin website Florida DEP, Apalachicola River Watershed
19.
U.S. Route 19 in Georgia
–
U. S. Route 19 is a 349-mile-long U. S. Highway in the U. S. state of Georgia. It travels from the Florida state line south-southeast of Thomasville, Georgia, through Albany and Atlanta, US19 enters Georgia south-southeast of Thomasville. It continues north, traveling through Zebulon, Thomaston, Ellaville, Americus and it joins US41 and proceeds north to Griffin. It then proceeds through the tip of Henry County, traveling through Hampton. US19 continues north through Clayton County where it joins SR3 and is known as Tara Boulevard, before entering Atlanta. Within Atlanta, US 19/US41 runs along Northside Drive where it is joined by US29, the highway then turns north again and splits from US41 after traveling through downtown Atlanta and traveling on 14th Street. It becomes Spring Street in Midtown before continuing north on Peachtree Street, after several miles, it intersects SR141 in Buckhead. It follows Roswell Road north through the city of Sandy Springs, at its southern interchange with I-285, it splits from SR9. Most of this section is a Limited-access road with four lanes in each direction and it arrives in Dahlonega, where it no longer is concurrent with SR400, before about 37 miles of extremely curvy road, which includes a concurrency with US129. From the north side of the state, the last town it travels through is Blairsville, in 2006, business and government officials in Southwest Georgia began a campaign to have I-185 extended to Monticello, Florida, and connect with I-10. The proposed route of the highway would have traveled parallel to SR520 to Albany, local opposition to the plan soon emerged. Critics argued that the interstate would siphon business from small towns that the new road bypassed. GDOT announced it would focus on upgrading and improving other key arterial highways in southwest Georgia. Roads portal Special routes of U. S. Route 19 Media related to U. S. Route 19 in Georgia at Wikimedia Commons
20.
U.S. Route 41
–
U. S. Route 41, also U. S. Highway 41, is a north–south United States Highway that runs from Miami, Florida to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Until 1949, the part in southern Florida, from Naples to Miami, was US94, which presently has the hidden designation of State Road 90 in addition to its signed number. The highways northern terminus is east of Copper Harbor, Michigan and its southern terminus is in the Brickell neighborhood of Downtown Miami at an intersection with Brickell Avenue. It closely parallels Interstate 75 from Naples, Florida, all the way through Georgia to Chattanooga, in Florida, US41 is paralleled by Interstate 75 all the way from Miami to Georgia, and I-75 has largely supplanted US41 as a major highway. Between Miami and Naples, US41 cuts across the Florida peninsula and this section has been designated a National Scenic Byway. The byway runs east–west through the Big Cypress National Preserve, skirting the border of the Everglades National Park for about 20 miles. In Naples, Route 41 changes direction at an intersection with 5th Avenue in Downtown Naples, as the Trail moves into Hillsborough County the historic communities of Ruskin, Florida and Gibsonton, Florida are south Hillsborough County high points. Ruskin was founded by the Commongood Society, Gibsonton was populated by Carnival workers. US41 is in the process of being widened throughout the northern Tampa Bay suburbs and it is currently six lanes wide between Tampa, Lutz, and much of Land O Lakes, and again between Garden Grove and Brooksville. It is also four lanes wide in Tampa south of BUS US41, a large portion of US41 is co-designated along the unmarked State Road 45 between Belle Meade and High Springs. From US92 in Tampa to US41 Business and State Road 676 near the unincorporated Palm River-Clair Mel and it contains the northwestern end of the Tamiami Trail at the SR60 intersection. It is normally three lanes wide, but between Interstate 4 and the terminus of SR569 it is only two lanes wide. The unsigned state highway is 5.6 miles long, at the northern terminus, US41 turns west. Major intersections include State Road 574, SR569, I-4, SR60, in Northern Florida, US41 runs along the DeSoto Trail between Floral City and Williston and again between High Springs, and Lake City. In Georgia, US41 is paralleled by Interstate 75 all the way from Tennessee to Florida, in Atlanta, Highway 41 was formerly carried on Spring Street near Five Points, but it has long been re-routed via Northside Drive around the downtown area. The Georgia Dome, Georgia World Congress Center, and Philips Arena are located off Northside Drive, south of Atlanta, Metropolitan Parkway and Tara Boulevard carry the highway, along with its co-signed partner US19, toward Griffin. North of Atlanta, the stretch of Highway 41 between Atlanta and Marietta was the first four-laned highway in Georgia when it was completed in 1938, now, the Northside Parkway and the Cobb Parkway carry US41 through northern Fulton and Cobb counties. This thoroughfare is the home of the Big Chicken, Cumberland Mall, the Cobb Galleria, and the Six Flags White Water amusement park
21.
Georgia State Route 3
–
State Route 3 is a 351-mile-long state highway that travels south-to-north through portions of the western part of the U. S. state of Georgia, roughly paralleling Interstate 75. The highway travels from its terminus at the Florida state line. Here, US19 travels concurrent with State Road 57,12 miles south-southeast of Thomasville, SR3 starts at the Florida state line in Thomas County, and is concurrent with US19 and SR300 from its inception. SR3 heads slightly northwest and skirts east past Thomasville, before heading through Pelham to Camilla in Mitchell County, in Leesburg, the highway turns slightly northwest once more, travels through Smithville, and enters Sumter County. Turning north again, SR3 continues through Americus and enters Schley County, leaving Ellaville in a northerly direction again, SR3 bisects Schley County and heads into Taylor County and through Butler into Upson County. Just after entering Upson County, the highway turns northwest yet again, turning back to the north, SR3 enters Pike County, and travels through Zebulon on its way slightly northeast to Griffin in Spalding County. South of Griffin, SR3 intersects and begins a concurrency with US41, SR3 also features a brief freeway section as it travels through the western portion of Griffin. Continuing north into Clayton County, SR3 heads through Jonesboro, SR3 subsequently crosses I-75 for a third and fourth time just northwest of where I-75 and I-85 split, and crosses I-285 once more east of Smyrna, just after having entered Cobb County. Heading northwest through Marietta and Kennesaw, the leaves the Atlanta area and enters Bartow County, through Emerson, Cartersville and Adairsville. SR3 heads through Calhoun, crosses I-75 for a time just south of Resaca. Here, US41, joined by US76, enters Tennessee, on April 2,1980, SR3 was designated as the Andersonville Trail at the concurrence of SR3 with US280 in Americus. On May 4,1992, SR3 was designated as the Admiral Mack Gaston Parkway where SR3 connects SR52, State Route 3 Alternate is an 18. 9-mile-long alternate route of SR3. It uses an older routing of US 19/SR3 for 15.5 miles between Thomasville and Meigs, until recently, this was the SR3 mainline, while SR300 served as the state route concurrency for US19. The entire route is in Thomas County, State Route 3 Bypass is a 1. 8-mile-long western bypass of the town of Leesburg in Lee County, which was completed in 2009. It is concurrent with US19 Byp. for its entire length, the portion of Tara Boulevard in Clayton County that is not covered by US 19/US 41/SR3 near Interstate 75 is designated as State Route 3 Connector. The route is more than a high-capacity set of ramps to. Its entire length is just west of Morrow, the entire route is in Clayton County. State Route 3 Connector is a 0. 2-mile-long connector route in the city limits of Atlanta, the entire length travels along the southeastern edge of Spelman College
22.
Georgia State Route 7
–
State Route 7 is a 216. S. The highway connects the Florida state line southeast of Lake Park to the Griffin area, via Valdosta, Tifton, Cordele, Perry, the highway is concurrent with either US41 or US341 for its entire length, and closely parallels I-75 for much of its length. SR7 was built in 1920 along nearly the same path it travels today, US 41/SR7 was designated on a concurrency with I-75 northwest of Valdosta to Hahira in 1982. US 41/SR7 were re-routed onto a bypass of Valdosta in 2006. SR7 begins at the Florida state line, southeast of Lake Park, here, the roadway continues as US 41/State Road 25. US 41/SR7 travels to the northwest, within Echols County, less than 1 mile later, they enter Lowndes County. The two highways enter Lake Park, where they have a concurrency with SR376, during the concurrency, the three highways travel north of Clayton Lake and the Francis Lake Golf Course. After the concurrency ends, US 41/SR7 travels northeast of Horselot Lake, after traveling through Dasher, they have an intersection with the southern terminus of US41 Bus. /SR7 Bus. This intersection also marks the end of a concurrency with SR31. US 41/SR 7/SR31 travels to the north-northeast on Inner Perimeter Road on what is essentially a bypass of the part of Valdosta. They curve to a direction and enter the eastern part of the city. After curving to the north-northwest, they intersect US 84/US 221/SR38, here, US221 joins the concurrency. The four highways travel to the north-northwest and curve to the northwest just before reaching East Park Avenue, here, US 221/SR31 departs the concurrency. US 41/SR7 curves to the west and intersects SR125, just northwest of Five Points Shopping Center, they intersect the northern terminus of US41 Bus. /SR7 Bus. The two highways travel between Valdosta Country Club and Langdale Park, on the northern edge of the park, they cross over the Withlacoochee River. They curve to the west-southwest to an interchange with Interstate 75, i-75/US 41/SR7 passes by Stone Creek Golf Club. The three highways enter Hahira, where they have an interchange with SR122, at this interchange, US 41/SR7 departs from I-75 and travel concurrent with SR122 into the main part of town and depart by turning north-northwest onto Church Street. Then, the concurrency enters Cook County, US 41/SR7 travels through the town of Cecil and then enters Adel
23.
Georgia State Route 18
–
In Gordon, the highway turns south and southeast, crosses into Twiggs County, and reaches its eastern terminus in Jeffersonville. Roads portal Media related to Georgia State Route 18 at Wikimedia Commons Georgia Roads
24.
Georgia State Route 74
–
The route connects the Macon and Fairburn, via Thomaston, Woodbury, and Peachtree City. SR74 begins at an interchange with Interstate 75 in the Unionville neighborhood of Macon and this interchange is at the southwestern edge of Mercer University. Just over 1,000 feet later, it intersects US 41/SR247 and it curves to the southwest, passing Macon Mall. It heads west-northwest, passing Macon Memorial Park Cemetery, before an interchange with I-475 and it passes just north of Lake Tobesofkee and the Tobesofkee Recreation Area, before crossing into Monroe County. The highway gradually zigzags its way to an intersection with SR42 and it continues to the west and intersects US 341/SR7, just north-northeast of Culloden. Then, it heads northwest into Upson County and it heads west-northwest and curves to the southwest, to enter Thomaston. In town, the highway begins a concurrency with SR36, at the next block, SR 36/SR74 turn to the left onto South Green Street, while SR74 Alternate begins straight ahead. One more block later, SR74 splits off to the west onto West Gordon Street and it curves to the northwest and meets the western terminus of SR74 Alternate just before leaving town. It continues to the northwest, then curves to the southwest, the highway continues to the northwest, through rural areas of the county and crosses the southwestern corner of Pike County. South-southwest of Molena, SR 18/SR109 begin a concurrency to the west, the three highways head west-southwest and Flint River into Meriwether County. There, at the intersection with SR85, SR74 splits off to the north, a short distance later, they meet the northern terminus of SR85 Alternate. Farther to the north-northwest, in Gay, is the terminus of SR109 Spur. In the unincorporated community of Alps, they intersect SR362, less than 3 miles later, they reach the Meriwether–Coweta county line. The concurrent highways pass through Haralson and enter the southeast part of Senoia, there, they intersect with SR16. Less than 2 miles later, they cross over Line Creek and they enter Starrs Mill, where SR74 departs to the northwest. Almost immediately, it enters Peachtree City, the highway passes by the Atlanta Regional Airport. Farther to the north-northwest, it intersects SR54, SR74 passes through Tyrone and enters Fulton County. Just under 1.5 miles later, it meets an interchange with I-85 in Fairburn, the highway curves to the northwest and runs underneath a bridge that carries US 29/SR14
25.
Georgia State Route 109
–
State Route 109 is a 71. 0-mile-long state highway that runs west-to-east through portions of Heard, Troup, Meriwether, Pike, and Lamar counties in the western part of the U. S. state of Georgia. SR109 begins at the Alabama state line, where the roadway continues as CR20, the road heads eastward, until it enters town. Then, it heads southeast into Troup County, farther in the county, it meets the eastern terminus of SR109 Spur. At this intersection, the highway turns left to cross over West Point Lake and it enters LaGrange and intersects US 29/SR14. In the main part of town, the three routes meet US 27/SR 1/SR219, at this intersection US 29/SR14 depart to the north, along US 27/SR 1/SR219 north. On the east end of town, it has an interchange with Interstate 85, then, it crosses over, but does not interchange with I-185. In Greenville, the highway meets US27 Alternate/SR 18/SR41, here, US27 Alternate/SR 18/SR 41/SR109 run concurrent around the city square. SR18 runs concurrent with SR109 to the east, just before leaving town, they intersect SR109 Spur. In Woodbury, is an intersection with SR85 Alternate, then, they meet SR 74/SR85. At this intersection, SR74 joins the concurrency, just before entering Molena, SR splits off on Crest Highway. In town, SR18 splits off to the north-northeast, while SR109 heads east, the road heads northeast to a concurrency with US 19/SR3, just west-southwest of Meansville. SR109 heads through town and meets its terminus, an intersection with SR18. SR109 is not part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the economy, defense. State Route 109 Spur is a route that exists entirely within the west-central part of Troup County. It used to be part of the SR109 mainline and is known as Roanoke Road for its entire length and it begins at the Alabama state line, where the roadway continues as CR278. The road crosses over an arm of West Point Lake and it then passes the Harmony Cemetery, before it meets its eastern terminus, an intersection with the SR109 mainline, west of LaGrange. SR109 Spur is not part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways important to the economy, defense. The entire route is in Troup County, state Route 109 Spur is a spur route that connects SR 18/SR109 in Greenville to SR 74/SR85 in Gay
26.
Georgia State Route 362
–
State Route 362 is a 32. 5-mile-long state highway located in the west-central part of the U. S. state of Georgia. It is mainly a rural route, traveling through parts of Meriwether, Pike, the roadway had an eastern segment built by the end of 1953. This segment was extended to the west the following year. In 1960, the segment was built. Before the decade was over, it had designated as SR362, the Alvaton–Hollondale segment was built. SR362 begins at an intersection with US27 Alternate/SR41 north of Greenville, in Meriwether County, the highway has a concurrency with SR 74/SR85 for about 1 mile south-southwest of Haralson. SR362 then travels to the east, crossing the Flint River into Pike County and it then curves back to the northeast, crossing into Spalding County before reaching an interchange with US 19/US 41/SR3 in Griffin. The route continues to the northeast, passing northwest of Municipal Park, then, it turns right onto West Poplar Street and meets its eastern terminus, an intersection with US19 Business/US41 Business/SR155 in downtown. The road that would eventually become SR362 was established by the end of 1953 and it was the east-northeast segment of a roadway that started in Zebulon, traveled to the north-northwest into Williamson, and curved to the east-northeast and entered Griffin. By the middle of 1954, another section from the current Kings Bridge Road intersection east to Williamson, was added, by the middle of 1960, the section from the current western terminus to the western intersection with SR85, just south of Alvaton, was built. By 1966, this segment was designated as SR362, in 1967, the portion of roadway from Alvaton to Hollonville was built, thus completing the current length. The next year, the road was designated as SR362. By the beginning of 1975, SR74 was designated along the stretch of SR85 with which SR362 runs concurrent, Roads portal Media related to Georgia State Route 362 at Wikimedia Commons Georgia Roads
27.
Spalding County, Georgia
–
Spalding County is a county located in the west central portion of the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 64,073, the county was created December 20,1851 and named for former United States representative and senator Thomas Spalding. Spalding County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 200 square miles, of which 196 square miles is land and 3.1 square miles is water. The western portion of Spalding County, west of a line from Sunny Side through Griffin to Orchard Hill, is located in the Upper Flint River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin. The eastern part of the county is located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin, as of the census of 2000, there were 58,417 people,21,519 households, and 15,773 families residing in the county. The population density was 295 people per square mile, there were 23,001 housing units at an average density of 116 per square mile. 1. 62% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,22. 30% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the family size was 3.12. In the county, the population was out with 27. 30% under the age of 18,9. 20% from 18 to 24,29. 40% from 25 to 44,22. 50% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 93.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.90 males, the median income for a household in the county was $36,221, and the median income for a family was $41,631. Males had an income of $32,347 versus $22,114 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,791, about 12. 40% of families and 15. 50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21. 30% of those under age 18 and 11. 30% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 64,073 people,23,565 households, the population density was 326.1 inhabitants per square mile. There were 26,777 housing units at a density of 136.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 62. 7% white,32. 8% black or African American,0. 9% Asian,0. 3% American Indian,0. 1% Pacific islander,1. 6% from other races, and 1. 6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3. 8% of the population, in terms of ancestry,23. 3% were American,7. 6% were Irish, and 6. 9% were English. The average household size was 2.67 and the family size was 3.12
28.
Lamar County, Georgia
–
Lamar County is a county located in the west central portion of the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 18,317, Lamar County is included in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Georgia General Assembly proposed the amendment to create the county on August 17,1920. Land from Pike County and Monroe County was then transferred to create Lamar county, Lamar County was named after Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 186 square miles. The western third of Lamar County, west of a line from Orchard Hill through Milner, the eastern majority of the county is located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin. Butts County Monroe County Upson County Pike County Spalding County As of the census of 2000, there were 15,912 people,5,712 households, the population density was 86 people per square mile. There were 6,145 housing units at a density of 33 per square mile. 1. 08% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,21. 60% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the family size was 3.05. In the county, the population was out with 24. 50% under the age of 18,11. 40% from 18 to 24,27. 90% from 25 to 44,23. 60% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 91.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.90 males, the median income for a household in the county was $37,087, and the median income for a family was $43,481. Males had an income of $29,453 versus $21,933 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,666, about 8. 10% of families and 11. 20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14. 50% of those under age 18 and 11. 00% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 18,317 people,6,618 households, the population density was 99.8 inhabitants per square mile. There were 7,474 housing units at a density of 40.7 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 66. 0% white,30. 8% black or African American,0. 4% Asian,0. 3% American Indian,0. 8% from other races, and 1. 7% from two or more races
29.
Upson County, Georgia
–
Upson County is a county located in the west central portion of the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 27,153, the county was created on December 15,1824. Upson County comprises the Thomaston, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs. Upson County, in west central Georgia, was established by an act of the legislature on December 15,1824. The Treaty of Indian Springs between the United States and the Creek Indians gave the government the land extended from the Ocmulgee River to the Flint River through middle Georgia. Upson County was created from Pike and Crawford counties, many settlers were drawn to the area by the lottery system used to settle the acquired lands. The states fifty-ninth county was named in honor of the noted Georgia lawyer Stephen Upson just four months after his death, in March 1825 the justices of the inferior court bought land lot 217 in the Tenth District to build the courthouse and the jail. Around this lot grew Thomaston, the county seat, incorporated June 11,1825, the town was named for General Jett Thomas, a hero of the War of 1812. The majority of the settlers to Upson County came from the counties of Georgia. Some were wealthy plantation owners who owned many slaves. Farming the rich soil of the section of Upson County, around the town of The Rock, Georgia and along the Flint River. Other settlers came from North Carolina and South Carolina, the first cotton mill in Upson County, the Waymanville or Franklin Factory, was built on Tobler Creek in 1833, and in 1835 a group of New Englanders arrived to manufacture textiles. Double Bridges being the site where two bridges spanned either side of Owens Island in the middle of the Flint River, a brief Civil War cavalry skirmish took place there, on April 18,1865, Union raiders began three days of devastation in Upson County. Major General James Harrison Wilsons cavalry was headed toward Macon, its task was to destroy the agricultural and industrial facilities in the South, fifty men of the First Battalion Georgia Cavalry Reserves stood to defend the bridges. The defenders fired a few scattered shots at the larger Union forces before fleeing, homes were pillaged and burned, and several factories were destroyed, including the Waymanville cotton mill. After the war continued to be an important part of the countys economy. Thomaston Mills was an employer in the county from its beginning in 1899 until 2001. Martha Mills, a manufacturer of tire cord fabric, began operation in 1927 and ceased operations in 2006
30.
Meriwether County, Georgia
–
Meriwether County is a county located in the west central portion of the U. S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 21,992, the county seat is Greenville, home of the Meriwether County Courthouse. The county was formed on December 14,1827 as the 73rd county in Georgia and it was named for David Meriwether, a general in the American Revolutionary War and member of Congress from Georgia. Meriwether County is part of the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 505 square miles, of which 501 square miles is land and 4.2 square miles is water. The eastern two-thirds of Meriwether County, going east from just west of U. S. Route 27 Alternate, is located in the Upper Flint River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin. The western third of the county is located in the Middle Chattahoochee River-Lake Harding sub-basin of the same ACF River Basin, the population density was 45 people per square mile. There were 9,211 housing units at a density of 18 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 58. 9% White,40. 4% Black or African American,0. 6% Native American,0. 1% Asian,0. 07% Pacific Islander,0. 34% from other races, and 0. 71% from two or more races. Of the population 0. 85% were Hispanic or Latino of any race,23. 80% of all households were made up of individuals and 10. 60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the family size was 3.18. In the county, the population was out with 26. 60% under the age of 18,9. 00% from 18 to 24,27. 20% from 25 to 44,23. 60% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 91.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.50 males, the median income for a household in the county was $31,870, and the median income for a family was $37,931. Males had an income of $29,766 versus $21,444 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,708, about 13. 60% of families and 17. 80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25. 90% of those under age 18 and 16. 30% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 21,992 people,8,522 households, the population density was 43.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 9,957 housing units at a density of 19.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 57. 9% white,39. 1% black or African American,0. 6% Asian,0. 4% American Indian,0. 7% from other races, and 1. 2% from two or more races
31.
1860 United States Census
–
The United States Census of 1860 was the eighth Census conducted in the United States starting June 1,1860, and lasting five months. It determined the population of the United States to be 31,443,321, the total population included 3,953,761 slaves, representing 12. 6% of the total population. By the time the 1860 census returns were ready for tabulation, as a result, Census Superintendent Joseph C. G. Kennedy and his staff produced only an abbreviated set of public reports, without graphic or cartographic representations. The statistics did allow the Census staff to produce a display, including preparing maps of Southern states. These maps displayed militarily vital topics, including population, slave population, predominant agricultural products. The 1860 census Schedule 1 was one of two schedules that counted the population of the United States, the other was Schedule 2, aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. National data reveals that farmers made up nearly 10% of utilized occupations, farm laborers represent the next highest percent with 3. 2%, followed by general laborers at 3. 0%. More localized data shows that other occupations were common, in the town of Essex, Massachusetts, a large section of the women in the labor force were devoted to shoe-binding, while for men the common occupations were farming and shoe-making. IPUMS data also notes that the share of the population that had enrolled in school or marked as Student stood at 0. 2%. The census of 1860 was the last in which much of Southern wealth was held as slaves—still legally considered property, G. G. Kennedy U. S. Federal Cens us Mortality Schedules 1850-1880 Adam Goodheart, The Census of Doom, NY Times
32.
1890 United States Census
–
The Eleventh United States Census was taken beginning June 2,1890. The data was tabulated by machine for the first time, the data reported that the distribution of the population had resulted in the disappearance of the American frontier. Data was entered on a machine readable medium, punched cards, the total population of 62,947,714, the family, or rough, count, was announced after only six weeks of processing. The public reaction to this tabulation was disbelief, as it was believed that the right answer was at least 75,000,000. The United States census of 1890 showed a total of 248,253 Native Americans living in America, down from 400,764 Native Americans identified in the census of 1850. The 1890 census announced that the region of the United States no longer existed. Up to and including the 1880 census, the country had a frontier of settlement, by 1890, isolated bodies of settlement had broken into the unsettled area to the extent that there was hardly a frontier line. This prompted Frederick Jackson Turner to develop his Frontier Thesis, the original data for the 1890 Census is no longer available. Almost all the schedules were damaged in a fire in the basement of the Commerce Building in Washington. Some 25% of the materials were presumed destroyed and another 50% damaged by smoke, the damage to the records led to an outcry for a permanent National Archives. The Librarian was asked by the Bureau to identify any records which should be retained for historical purposes, congress authorized destruction of that list of records on February 21,1933, and the surviving original 1890 census records were destroyed by government order by 1934 or 1935. The other censuses for which information has been lost are the 1800 and 1810 enumerations. Mayo-Smith, Richmond, The Eleventh Census of the United States
33.
1910 United States Census
–
The 1910 Census switched from a portrait page orientation to a landscape orientation. The column titles in the form are as follows, LOCATION. Number of dwelling house in order of visitation, Number of family in order of visitation. NAME of each person whose place of abode on April 15,1910, was in this family, enter surname first, then the given name and middle initial, if any. Include every person living on April 15,1910, omit children born since April 15,1910. Relationship of this person to the head of the family, whether single, married, widowed, or divorced. Number of years of present marriage, Mother of how many children, Number born. Mother of how children, Number now living. Place of birth of each person and parents of each person enumerated, if born in the United States, give the state or territory. If of foreign birth, give the country, place of birth of this Person. Place of birth of Father of this person, place of birth of Mother of this person. Year of immigration to the United States, whether able to speak English, or, if not, give language spoken. Trade or profession of, or particular kind of work done by person, as spinner, salesman, laborer. General nature of industry, business, or establishment in which this works, as cotton mill, dry goods store, farm. Whether as employer, employee, or work on own account, whether out of work on April 15,1910. Number of weeks out of work during year 1909, attended school any time since September 1,1909. Whether a survivor of the Union or Confederate Army or Navy, special Notation, In 1912, New Mexico and Arizona would become the 47th and 48th states admitted to the Union. The 1910 population count for each of these areas was 327,301 and 204,354 respectively
34.
1920 United States Census
–
In 1929, Congress passed the Reapportionment Act of 1929 which provided for a permanent method of reapportionment and fixed the number of Representatives at 435. The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau in the 1940s, the microfilmed census is available in rolls from the National Archives and Records Administration. Several organizations also host images of the census online. Microdata from the 1920 census are available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files,1921 U. S Census Report Contains 1920 Census results Historic US Census data 1920 Census,1920 United States Census for Genealogy & Family History Research 1920 Census
35.
1930 United States Census
–
The original census enumeration sheets were microfilmed by the Census Bureau in 1949, after which the original sheets were destroyed. The microfilmed census is located on 2,667 rolls of microfilm, several organizations also host images of the microfilmed census online, and digital indices. Microdata from the 1930 census are available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System
36.
1940 United States Census
–
The census date of record was April 1,1940. A number of new questions were asked including where people were 5 years before, highest educational grade achieved and this census introduced sampling techniques, one in 20 people were asked additional questions on the census form. Other innovations included a field test of the census in 1939, the 1940 census collected the following information, In addition, a sample of individuals were asked additional questions covering age at first marriage, fertility, and other topics. Full documentation on the 1940 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Following completion of the census, the original sheets were microfilmed. As required by Title 13 of the U. S. Code, non-personally identifiable information Microdata from the 1940 census is freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Also, aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, on April 2, 2012—72 years after the census was taken—microfilmed images of the 1940 census enumeration sheets were released to the public by the National Archives and Records Administration. The records are indexed only by enumeration district upon initial release, several organizations are compiling indices, why the huge interest in the 1940 Census. 1940 Census Questions Hosted at CensusFinder. com
37.
1950 United States Census
–
Full documentation on the 1950 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Microdata from the 1950 census are available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2022. Historic US Census data 1951 U. S Census Report Contains 1950 Census results
38.
1970 United States Census
–
Microdata from the 1970 census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files and these data were originally created and disseminated by DUALabs. Personally identifiable information will be available in 2042, california took over as the most populous state, New York had previously been ranked number one. While the entire country increased to more than 204 million persons, four states lost population with West Virginia leading the list, down 8, historic US Census data 1971 U. S Census Report, with estimated 1970 Census results 1970 Census of Population
39.
1980 United States Census
–
Approximately 16 percent of households received a long form of the 1980 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1980 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Microdata from the 1980 census are available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2052. Between the 1980 census and the 1990 census, the United States population increased by approximately 22,164,837 or 9. 8%, historic US Census data 1981 U. S Census Report Contains 1980 Census results
40.
1990 United States Census
–
Approximately 16 percent of households received a long form of the 1990 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1990 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. It was the first census to designate Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander as a group separate from Asians. To increase black participation in the 1990 United States Census, the bureau recruited Bill Cosby, Magic Johnson, Alfre Woodard, the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2062. The results of the 1990 census determined the number of seats that each state receives in the United States House of Representatives starting with the 1992 elections, consequently, this affected the number of votes each state has in the Electoral College for the 1992 presidential election. Because of population changes, twenty-one states had changes in their number of seats, eight states gained at least one seat, and thirteen states lost at least one seat. The final result involved 19 seats being switched
41.
2000 United States Census
–
This was the twenty-second federal census and was at the time the largest civilly administered peacetime effort in the United States. Approximately 16 percent of households received a form of the 2000 census. Full documentation on the 2000 census, including forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Microdata from the 2000 census is available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, personally identifiable information will be available in 2072. The U. S. resident population includes the number of people in the 50 states. The Bureau also enumerated the residents of the U. S. territory of Puerto Rico, its population was 3,808,610, the 2000 Census was the first time survey options for multiracial Americans were provided. S. Households had access to computers, 42% have Internet access, regionally, the South and West experienced the bulk of the nations population increase,14,790,890 and 10,411,850, respectively. This meant that the center of U. S. population moved to Phelps County. The Northeast grew by 2,785,149, the Midwest by 4,724,144, the results of the census are used to determine how many congressional districts each state is apportioned. Congress defines the formula, in accordance with Title 2 of the U. S. Code, each member of the House represents a population of about 647,000. The populations of the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are excluded from the apportionment population because they do not have voting seats in the U. S, since the first census in 1790, the decennial count has been the basis for the United States representative form of government. Article I, Section II specifies that The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, in 1790, each member of the House represented about 34,000 residents. Since then, the House more than quadrupled in size, today, each member represents about 20 times as many constituents. This recommendation was followed by the Secretary of Commerce, after the census was tabulated, Utah challenged the results in two different ways. Utah was extremely close to gaining a fourth seat, falling 857 people short. The margin was later shortened to 80 people, after the government discovered that it overcounted the population of North Carolina by 2,673 residents. Utah claimed that individuals traveling abroad as religious missionaries should be counted as residents, almost half of all Mormon missionaries, more than 11,000 individuals, were from Utah, only 102 came from North Carolina
42.
Census
–
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population, the term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses, other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications, the word is of Latin origin, during the Roman Republic, the census was a list that kept track of all adult males fit for military service. Current administrative data systems allow for other approaches to enumeration with the level of detail but raise concerns about privacy. A census can be contrasted with sampling in which information is obtained only from a subset of a population, typically main population estimates are updated by such intercensal estimates. Modern census data are used for research, business marketing, and planning. Census counts are necessary to adjust samples to be representative of a population by weighting them as is common in opinion polling, similarly, stratification requires knowledge of the relative sizes of different population strata which can be derived from census enumerations. In some countries, the census provides the official used to apportion the number of elected representatives to regions. In many cases, a carefully chosen random sample can provide accurate information than attempts to get a population census. A census is often construed as the opposite of a sample as its intent is to count everyone in a rather than a fraction. However, population censuses rely on a frame to count the population. This is the way to be sure that everyone has been included as otherwise those not responding would not be followed up on. The fundamental premise of a census is that the population is not known, the use of a sampling frame is counterintuitive as it suggests that the population size is already known. However, a census is also used to collect data on the individuals in the nation. This process of sampling marks the difference between historical census, which was a house to house process or the product of a decree. The sampling frame used by census is almost always an address register, thus it is not known if there is anyone resident or how many people there are in each household. Depending on the mode of enumeration, a form is sent to the householder, as a preliminary to the dispatch of forms, census workers will check any address problems on the ground. While it may seem straightforward to use the postal service file for this purpose, a particular problem is what are termed communal establishments which category includes student residences, religious orders, homes for the elderly, people in prisons etc
43.
Population density
–
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume, it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and most of the time to humans and it is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by land area or water volume. Low densities may cause a vortex and lead to further reduced fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it, commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory, or the entire world. The worlds population is around 7,000,000,000, therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,000,000,000 ÷510,000,000 =13.7 per km2. If only the Earths land area of 150,000,000 km2 is taken into account and this includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to over 50 people per km2, thus, this number by itself does not give any helpful measurement of human population density. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates, cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo, for instance, Milwaukee has a greater population density when just the inner city is measured, and the surrounding suburbs excluded. Arithmetic density, The total number of people / area of land, physiological density, The total population / area of arable land. Agricultural density, The total rural population / area of arable land, residential density, The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land. Urban density, The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land, ecological optimum, The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources. S. States by population density Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Density
Pike County, Georgia
