Pilophorus (fungus)
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Pilophorus is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. They are commonly known as matchstick lichens. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and c
Pilophorus clavatus
Cephalodium
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A cephalodium is a small gall-like structure found in some lichens. They occur only in lichens which contain both cyanobacterial and green algal partners. Cephalodia can occur within the tissues of th
Illustration showing cephalodium in relation to other parts of the lichen: 1 – Cephalodium 2 – Cyanobacteria 3 – Cortex 4 – Green algal photobiont 5 – Medulla
Small black cephalodia on the upper surface of Peltigera aphthosa