1.
Port Arthur, Texas
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Port Arthur is a city in Jefferson County within the Beaumont−Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area of the U. S. state of Texas. A small portion extends into Orange County and it is ninety-one miles east of Houston. The population was 53,818 at the 2010 census, early attempts at settlements in the area had all failed. However, in 1895 Arthur Stilwell founded Port Arthur, and the town quickly grew, Port Arthur was incorporated as a city in 1898 and soon developed into a seaport. It eventually became the center of a oil refinery network. The Rainbow Bridge across the Neches River connects Port Arthur to Bridge City, Aurora was an early settlement attempt near the mouth of Taylor Bayou on Sabine Lake, about 14 miles long and 7 miles wide. It is an estuary formed by the confluence of the Neches. Through its tidal outlet 5 miles long, Sabine Pass, Sabine Lake drains some 50,000 square miles of Texas, the town was conceived in 1837, and in 1840 promoters led by Almanzon Huston were offering town lots for sale. Some were sold, but Hustons project failed to attract many settlers, the area next was known as Sparks, after John Sparks, who moved his family to the shores of Sabine Lake near the site of Aurora. The Eastern Texas Railroad, completed between Sabine Pass and Beaumont, Texas, passed four miles west of Sparks, however, the American Civil War soon began, and rail lines were removed. In 1886, a hurricane hit the coast, causing the remaining residents to dismantle their homes. By 1895, Aurora had become a ghost town, Arthur Stilwell led the resettling of the area as part of his planned city of Port Arthur. Pleasure Island now separates the city from the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, the 18. 5-mile man-made island was created between 1899 and 1908 by the Corps of Engineers to support development of the port. Arthur Stilwell founded the Port Arthur Channel and Dock Company to manage the port facilities, the port officially opened with the arrival of the British steamer Saint Oswald in 1899. When oil was discovered in the region, Port Arthur developed for a time as the center of the largest oil refinery network in the world, Port Arthur is located at 29°53′6″N 93°56′24″W east of Houston. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 143.8 square miles. The average relative humidity is 90% in the morning, and 72% in the afternoon, as of the 2000 census, there were 57,755 people,21,839 households, and 14,675 families residing in the city. The population density was 696.5 people per square mile, there were 24,713 housing units at an average density of 298.0 per square mile
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
West Hollywood, California
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West Hollywood, occasionally referred to locally as WeHo, is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Incorporated in 1984, it is home to the Sunset Strip, as of the 2010 census, its population was 34,399. It is considered one of the most prominent gay villages in the United States, the citys irregular boundary is featured in its logo, it was largely formed from the unincorporated Los Angeles County area that had not become part of the surrounding cities. West Hollywood benefits from a dense, compact urban form with small lots, mixed land use. According to Walkscore, a website that ranks cities based on walkability, commercial corridors include the nightlife and dining focused on the Sunset Strip, along Santa Monica Boulevard, and the Avenues of Art & Design along Robertson, Melrose, and Beverly Boulevard. Major intersecting streets typically provide amenities within walking distance of adjacent neighborhoods, West Hollywood has a Subtropical-semi-arid climate with year-round warm weather. The record high temperature of 111 °F was recorded September 26,1963, snow is rare in West Hollywood, with the last accumulation occurring in 1949. Rainfall is sparse, and falls mainly during winter months, around 5,000 of the indigenous inhabitants from the Tongva Indian tribe canoed out to greet Juan Cabrillo. The Tongva tribe was a nation of hunter-gatherers known for their reverence of dance, by 1771, these native people had been severely ravaged by diseases brought in by the Europeans from across wide oceans. The Spanish mission system changed the name to Gabrielinos, in reference to the Mission de San Gabriel. The Gabrielinos are believed to have burned the pitch for fuel, by 1780, what became the Sunset Strip was the major connecting road for El Pueblo de Los Angeles, and all ranches westward to the Pacific Ocean. This land passed through the hands of owners during the next one hundred years. Most of this area was part of the Rancho La Brea, Sherman became the location of the railroads main shops, railroad yards, and car barns. Many working-class employees of the railroad settled in this town and it was during this time that the city began to earn its reputation as a loosely regulated, liquor-friendly place for eccentric people wary of government interference. Despite several annexation attempts, the town elected not to part of the City of Los Angeles. For many years, the area that is now the city of West Hollywood was an area in the midst of Los Angeles. Because gambling was illegal in the city of Los Angeles, but still legal in Los Angeles County and these businesses were immune from the sometimes heavy-handed law-enforcement of the L. A. Some people connected with movie-making were attracted to this area of the County
4.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
5.
Jay-Z
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Shawn Corey Carter, known professionally as Jay Z, is an American rapper, businessman, and investor. He is one of the musicians of all time, having sold more than 100 million records. MTV ranked him the Greatest MC of all time in 2006, Rolling Stone ranked three of his albums—Reasonable Doubt, The Blueprint, and The Black Album —among the 500 greatest albums of all time. In 2014, Forbes estimated his net worth at nearly $520 million, Jay Z co-owns the New York 40/40 Club sports bar, and is the co-creator of the clothing line Rocawear. He is the president of Def Jam Recordings, co-founder of Roc-A-Fella Records. He also founded the sports agency Roc Nation Sports and is a certified NBA, as an artist, he holds the record for most number one albums by a solo artist on the Billboard 200 with 13. He has also had four number ones on the Billboard Hot 100, in 2009, he was ranked the tenth-most successful artist of the 2000s by Billboard as well as the fifth top solo male artist and fourth top rapper behind Eminem, Nelly, and 50 Cent. He was also ranked the 88th-greatest artist of all time by Rolling Stone, Jay Z married Singer-Songwriter Beyoncé in 2008. Shawn Carter was born in Brooklyn, New York, and was raised in Marcy Houses and he and his three siblings were raised by their mother, Gloria Carter after their father, Adness Reeves abandoned the family. Reeves would later meet and reconcile with Jay Z before dying from liver failure in 2003, Jay Z claims in his lyrics that in 1982, at the age of 12, he shot his older brother in the shoulder for stealing his jewelry. Along with future rapper AZ, Carter attended Eli Whitney High School in Brooklyn until it was closed down, according to his interviews and lyrics, during this period he sold crack cocaine and was shot at three times. According to his mother, Carter used to wake up his siblings at night banging out drum patterns on the kitchen table and she bought him a boom box for his birthday, sparking his interest in music. He began freestyling and writing lyrics, known as Jazzy around the neighborhood, Carter later adopted the showbiz/stage name Jay-Z in homage to his mentor Jaz-O. He would drop the hyphen in 2013, Jay Z can be briefly heard on several of Jaz-Os early recordings in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including The Originators and Hawaiian Sophie. Jay Z became embroiled in several battles with rapper LL Cool J in the early 1990s and he first became known to a wide audience on the posse cut Show and Prove on the 1994 Big Daddy Kane album Daddys Home. When I would leave the stage to go change outfits, I would bring out Jay Z and Positive K and let them freestyle until I came back to the stage. The young Jay Z appeared on a song by Big L, Da Graveyard, and on Mic Geronimos Time to Build. His first official rap single was called In My Lifetime, for which he released a music video, an unreleased music video was also produced for the B-side I Cant Get with That
6.
Outkast
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Outkast is an American hip hop duo formed in 1991, in East Point, Atlanta, Georgia, composed of Atlanta-based rappers André André3000 Benjamin and Antwan Big Boi Patton. Benjamin and Patton formed the group as high school students in 1991, OutKast released their debut album Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik in 1994, which gained popularity after the single Players Ball reached number one on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart. With successive releases including ATLiens and Aquemini, the duo developed their sound, experimenting with a variety of styles. In 2000, Outkast released the critically acclaimed Stankonia, which included the singles Ms. Jackson, in 2003, the duo released the double album Speakerboxxx/The Love Below, which featured the number one singles Hey Ya. and The Way You Move. The album would win the Grammy Award for Album of the Year and was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America. Outkast next released the soundtrack for the 2006 musical film Idlewild, in 2007, the duo went on hiatus and both members have since pursued solo careers. In 2014, Outkast reunited to celebrate their 20th anniversary by performing at more than 40 festivals worldwide in 2014, the duo is one of the most successful hip-hop groups of all time, having received six Grammy Awards. Between six studio albums and a greatest hits release, Outkast has sold over 25 million records, meanwhile, they have garnered widespread critical acclaim, with publications such as Rolling Stone and Pitchfork Media listing albums such as Aquemini and Stankonia among the best of their era. Benjamin and Patton met in 1991 at the Lenox Square shopping mall when they were sixteen years old. The two lived in the East Point section of Atlanta and attended Tri-Cities High School, an arts based academy, during school, Benjamin and Patton participated in rap battles in the cafeteria. Benjamins parents were divorced and he was living with his father, meanwhile, Patton had to move with his four brothers and six sisters from Savannah to Atlanta. Benjamin and Patton eventually teamed up and were pursued by Organized Noize, OutKast, Organized Noize, and schoolmates Goodie Mob formed the nucleus of the Dungeon Family organization. During the holiday season of 1993, they released their first single, the songs funky style, much of it accomplished with live instrumentation, was a hit with audiences. Players Ball hit number-one on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart, Players Ball also topped the R&B charts for six weeks. Their debut album, Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik, was issued on April 26,1994 and this initial effort is credited with laying the foundation for southern hip hop and is considered a classic by many. Every track on Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik was produced by Organized Noize and featured members of the Dungeon Family. Follow-up singles included the track and Git Up Git Out. OutKast won Best New Rap Group at the Source Awards in 1995, in the same year, the group contributed Benz or a Beamer to the popular New Jersey Drive soundtrack
7.
Houston
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Houston is the most populous city in the state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 square miles, it also is the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County. Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land. Houston was founded on August 28,1836, near the banks of Buffalo Bayou and incorporated as a city on June 5,1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded, the burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the citys population. Houstons economy has an industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics. Leading in health care sectors and building equipment, Houston has more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits than any city except for New York City. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled, the city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has a visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District. In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs from New York, Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen, purchased 6,642 acres of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the general at the Battle of San Jacinto. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the slave trade. New Orleans was the center of trade in the Deep South. Thousands of enslaved African Americans lived near the city before the Civil War, many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. Houston was granted incorporation on June 5,1837, with James S. Holman becoming its first mayor, in the same year, Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County and the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas
8.
PlazAmericas
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PlazAmericas, formerly known as Sharpstown Mall and earlier Sharpstown Center, is a shopping mall located in the Sharpstown development in Greater Sharpstown, Houston, Texas. The mall is located on the northwest corner of Interstate 69/U. S and this is the third mall to be built in Houston after Gulfgate Mall opened in 1956 and Meyerland Plaza in 1957, but the first fully air-conditioned mall in Houston. The area includes the Jewelry Exchange Center, a ten story building, after the mall was renamed PlazAmericas, it took a Latin American theme and catered to Hispanics. A1970 Houston Chronicle article stated that Frank Sharp decided not to delay the opening, not surprisingly, the first day of business brought only 8,000 shoppers. Another unique aspect of the mall within its corridors was the Clock of Texas diorama, Sharp would also place a time capsule in the cornerstone of the mall. When Sharpstown Mall opened, it was located on the edge of Houstons southwest suburbs, as the Houston area grew rapidly over the next three decades, with Houston itself becoming the nations fourth-largest city, numerous other developments throughout southwest Houston began to emerge. By 1970, Sharpstown Mall had 57 stores and was fully leased, the 1970s also saw the opening of the Galleria and Westwood Mall, which became Sharpstowns two strongest competitors over the next two decades. In 1981, twenty years after the mall opened, a floor was added and the mall was extensively renovated from its original 1950s appearance to better compete with Westwood Mall. In addition to the opening of an anchor in JCPenney. By February 1989, Sharpstown Mall was 97% occupied, making it the mall with the highest percentage of occupied space in the Houston area, in 1993, the mall underwent a $50 million renovation, with the largest addition being a new ten-screen Cineplex Odeon movie theater. The mall was also re-branded as Sharpstown Center, and would be referred to as such until reverting to the name in early 2008. During this time, Sharpstown Mall also had to compete with West Oaks Mall for customers out of Fort Bend County, ralph Bivins and Greg Hassell of the Houston Chronicle said that the malls decline began in the late 1980s. While Sharpstown managed to back some shoppers after the addition of the Cineplex Odeon movie theater. Tom Estus, a shopping center broker of the Shelby/Estus Realty Group, First Colony clipped it the hardest. The other places were more exciting to shop in and they were easier to get in and get out of. First Colony would also eventually seal the fate of Westwood Mall, which closed in 1997 and converted to an office center. Finally, Sharpstown also had to compete with a redeveloped Meyerland Plaza, consequently, customers even within the surrounding area were deterred, and major retailers who desired a low crime, middle class, and wealthy area for profitable support began to leave. In 1998, JCPenney would close its store at Sharpstown, having lost much of its clientele to its First Colony store, with much of its remaining business going to its Meyerland Plaza store
9.
Brazoria County, Texas
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Brazoria County is a county in the U. S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, the population of the county was 313,166, Brazoria County is included in the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is located in the Gulf Coast region of Texas, regionally, parts of the county are within the extreme southernmost fringe of the regions locally known as Southeast Texas. Brazoria County is among a number of counties that are part of the known as the Texas Coastal Bend. Its county seat is Angleton, and its largest city is Pearland, Brazoria County, like nearby Brazos County, takes its name from the Brazos River. The county also includes what was once Velasco, Texas, which was the first capital of the Republic of Texas and it served as the first settlement area for Anglo-Texas, when the Old Three Hundred emigrated from the United States in 1821. Brazoria County, like Brazos County, takes its name from the Brazos River, Anglo-Texas began in Brazoria County when the first of Stephen F. Austins authorized 300 American settlers arrived at the mouth of the Brazos River in 1821. Many of the leading to the Texas Revolution developed in Brazoria County. In 1832, Brazoria was organized as a municipal district by the Mexican government. An early resident of Brazoria County, Joel Walter Robison, fought in the Texas Revolution, Stephen F. Austins original burial place is located at a church cemetery, Gulf Prairie Cemetery, in the town of Jones Creek, on what was his brother-in-laws Peach Point Plantation. His remains were exhumed in 1910 and brought to be reinterred at the capital in Austin. The town of West Columbia served as the first capital of Texas, Temple Lea Houston, youngest son of Sam Houston, was c.1880 the county attorney of Brazoria County. His life story is reflected in the 1963 film The Man from Galveston, lake Jackson is a community developed beginning in the early 1940s to provide housing to workers at a new Dow Chemical Company plant in nearby Freeport. The county has elements of rural and suburban communities, as it is part of the Greater Houston area. On June 2,2016, the flooding of the Brazos River required evacuations for portions of Brazoria County. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,609 square miles. The population density was 174 people per square mile, there were 90,628 housing units at an average density of 65 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 77. 09% White,8. 50% Black or African American,0. 53% Native American,2. 00% Asian,0. 03% Pacific Islander,9. 63% from other races, and 2. 22% from two or more races
10.
Asylum Records
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Asylum Records is an American record label founded in 1971 by David Geffen and partner Elliot Roberts. It was taken over by Warner Communications in 1972, and later merged with Elektra Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records, after various incarnations, today it is geared primarily towards hip-hop, along with rock and alternative metal. It is owned by Warner Music Group, and is distributed through Atlantic Records. Asylum was founded in 1971 by David Geffen, and partner Elliot Roberts, who had worked as agents at the William Morris Agency. They had previously founded their own management company, Geffen was unable to get a recording contract for their client Jackson Browne. While pitching Browne to Ahmet Ertegun, Geffen said, Youll make a lot of money, Ertegun replied, You know what, David, I have a lot of money. Why dont you start a company and then youll have a lot of money. They agreed immediately that Ertegun would put up the funds, Atlantic Records would distribute Asylum Records. Although they knew they would sign Browne, the first act that Geffen asked to join the label was his close friend Laura Nyro, Nyro agreed, but without Geffens knowledge she changed her mind and re-signed with Columbia Records. Geffen said it was the biggest betrayal of his life up to that point, Asylums early releases were distributed by Atlantic Records. His seventh and final album for the label, Heartattack and Vine, was released in 1980, former Creedence Clearwater Revival frontman John Fogerty signed with the label in 1974. The biggest coup for Asylum was signing Bob Dylan, who had been with Columbia Records since the early 1960s but who, Dylan recorded two albums, Planet Waves and the live Before the Flood, for Asylum before returning to Columbia. Columbia reissued Dylans two Asylum albums in 1981, Asylum was taken over by Warner Communications in 1973, and merged with Elektra Records to become Elektra/Asylum Records. David Geffen and Elliot Roberts each received $2 million in cash and $5 million in Warner Communications stock, Geffen served as president and chairman of Elektra/Asylum Records until 1975, when he crossed over to film and was named vice-chairman of Warner Bros. By the middle of the decade, the company was calling itself Elektra Records. By this time Asylums remaining acts had been shifted to the Elektra roster, although catalog recordings, Asylum was reformatted into a Country music label, still operated by Elektra, in 1992. Under the new format, Asylum scored successful recordings by acts as Emmylou Harris, Brother Phelps, Thrasher Shiver, Kevin Sharp, Bryan White. They also produced many critically acclaimed albums by such as Mandy Barnett, Guy Clark, The Cox Family, Bob Woodruff, John Douglas Myers
11.
Huntsville Unit
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Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville or Huntsville Unit, nicknamed Walls Unit, is a Texas state prison located in Huntsville, Texas, United States. The approximately 54. 36-acre facility, near Downtown Huntsville, is operated by the Correctional Institutions Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, the facility, the oldest Texas state prison, opened in 1849. The unit houses the State of Texas execution chamber and it is the most active execution chamber in the United States, with 537 executions since 1982, when the death penalty was reinstated in Texas. The prisons first inmates arrived on October 1,1849, the unit was named after the City of Huntsville. Robert Perkinson, the author of Texas Tough, The Rise of America’s Prison Empire, wrote that the unit was, within Texas, originally Huntsville Unit was only for white Texans, the only penalties available to black Texans were whipping and hanging. During the American Civil War, prisoners at Huntsville produced tents, after the Civil War ended, Huntsville Unit was the only prison in the former Confederate States of America to remain. Perkinson stated that the prison became, within the state, the first racially integrated public institution, originally women in the Texas Prison System were housed in the Huntsville Unit. Beginning in 1883 women were housed in the Johnson Farm, a privately owned cotton plantation near Huntsville, in 1974, the prison was the site of an eleven-day siege, one of the longest hostage-taking sieges in United States history. Three armed inmates held several hostages in the education department, the ring leader, Carrasco, had been a porter in the chapel. Cuevas usually worked in the dining hall. Ten hostages were employees of the system, two were educators, and one was a guard. Later on, the prison chaplain would also become a hostage, four prisoners were also held as hostages. On the final day, the tried to escape using chalkboards. Dominquez was killed in the attempt, Carrasco killed Elizabeth Beseda, then shot himself. Julia Standley was also killed that day, ignacio Cuevas was executed on May 23,1991, for her murder. While the prison is officially the Huntsville Unit, the red brick walls lead to the nickname Walls Unit. The prison is 160 miles southeast of Dallas and 70 miles north of Houston, the original cellblock had been closed for several years prior to 2011. The electric chair was previously in an adjacent to the institutions east wall
12.
Crowley, Louisiana
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Crowley is a city in and the parish seat of Acadia Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 13,265 at the 2010 census but 14,225 in 2000 and it is 63.8 percent Non-Hispanic White. Crowley is noted for its annual International Rice Festival, Crowley has the nickname of Rice Capital of America, because at one time it was a major center for rice harvesting and milling. Today, Crowley still has a number of mills and rice is the main crop of many local farmers. In addition, in recent years, crawfish farming has become increasingly popular, the Crowley High School Fighting Gents were State Division 3A Champs in the 1989 football season and had an 8-2 regular season. Crowley is also the home of Notre Dame High School, Notre Dame is a parish-wide Catholic school whose football program has won 5 state championships and numerous District Champion titles. Crowley is the city of the Crowley Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is also part of the larger Lafayette–Acadiana Combined Statistical Area, the town is named after Pat Crowley. Crowley is located at 30°12′49″N 92°22′25″W and has an elevation of 20 feet, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.9 square miles, all land. Crowley was founded in 1886 by C. C, Duson, General Manager of Southwest Louisiana Land Company, plotted and developed Crowley. Dusons daughter, Maime Duson, married Percy Lee Lawrence, who founded the First National Bank of Crowley, the 7-story building was once the tallest building between Houston and New Orleans. They lived with their three children, P. L. Jr. Pattee, and Jack at 219 East 2nd Street, the house is now on the historic register. The town was named after Pat Crowley, an Irish railroad man who brought the depot to W. W. Duson, continue to live in Crowley, as of the census of 2000, there were 14,225 people,5,294 households, and 3,668 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,895.1 people per square mile, there were 5,904 housing units at an average density of 1,201.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 67. 83% White,30. 98% African American,0. 15% Native American,0. 29% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,0. 23% from other races, and 0. 51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 10% of the population,26. 5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the family size was 3.13
