The Pioneer programs were two series of United States lunar and planetary space probes. The first program, which ran from 1958 to 1960, unsuccessfully attempted to send spacecraft to orbit the Moon, s
A family portrait showing (from left to right) Pioneers 6-9, 10 and 11 and the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Multiprobe series
Reconstructed replica of Pioneer 1
Lunar flyby spacecraft (Pioneer 3, 4)
Pioneer P-1, P-3, 5, P-30, and P-31 probe
The Voyager program is an American scientific program that employs two interstellar probes, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. They were launched in 1977 to take advantage of a favorable planetary alignment to
Pioneer program
…aimed at the inner Solar System, before the flyby missions to Jupiter and Saturn. While successful, the missions returned much poorer images than the Voyager program probes would five years later. In 1978, the end of the program saw a return to the inner Solar System, with the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Multiprobe…
A poster of the planets and moons visited during the Voyager program.
A view of some of Voyager's instruments from below. Left: the cameras, ultraviolet and infrared spectrometers (far left), plasma detector (black box lower right), particle and radiation detectors (far right). On the boom, center and right, are plasma, particle, and cosmic ray detectors.
Voyager's fully extended 13-meter-long magnetometer boom
This diagram about the heliosphere was released on 28 June 2013 and incorporates results from the Voyager spacecraft.