A pitot tube measures fluid flow velocity. It was invented by a French engineer, Henri Pitot, in the early 18th century, and was modified to its modern form in the mid-19th century by a French scientist, Henry Darcy. It is widely used to determine the airspeed of aircraft; the water speed of boats; and the flow velocity of liquids, air, and gases in industry.
Aircraft use pitot tubes to measure airspeed. This example, from an Airbus A380, combines a pitot tube (right) with a static port and an angle-of-attack vane (left). Air-flow is right to left.
Pitot tube on Kamov Ka-26 helicopter
Pitot tubes on a Formula One car
Weather instruments at Mount Washington Observatory. Pitot tube static anemometer is on the right.
Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy was a French engineer who made several important contributions to hydraulics, including Darcy’s law for flow in porous media.
Henry Darcy
Darcy's bust in the Jardin Darcy, Dijon
Place Darcy, Dijon, named after Henry Darcy