Planetary boundaries
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Planetary boundaries are a framework to describe limits to the impacts of human activities on the Earth system. Beyond these limits, the environment may not be able to continue to self-regulate. This
Doughnut (economic model)
The "Planetary Boundaries (PBs) diagram visually represents the current status of the nine PB processes that regulate our planet's health. Each process is quantified by one or more control variables based on observational data, model simulations and expert opinions." 2025.
Johan Rockström
Videos
Johan Rockström is a Swedish scientist, internationally recognized for his work on global sustainability issues. He is joint director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, t
Planetary boundaries
…international organizations, civil society and the scientific community. The framework consists of nine global change processes. In 2009, according to Rockström and others, three boundaries were already crossed (biodiversity loss, climate change and nitrogen cycle), while others were in imminent danger of being…
Rockström at COP30 in 2025