Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago. The model builds on the concep
Plate motion based on Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite data from NASA JPL Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine. Each red dot is a measuring point and vectors show direction and magnitude of motion.
Alfred Wegener in Greenland in the winter of 1912–13
Orogeny is a mountain-building process that takes place at a convergent plate margin when plate motion compresses the margin. An orogenic belt or orogen develops as the compressed plate crumples and i
An example of thin-skinned deformation (thrust faulting) of the Sevier Orogeny in Montana. The white Madison Limestone is repeated, with one example in the foreground (that pinches out with distance) and another to the upper right corner and top of the picture.
Sierra Nevada Mountains (a result of delamination) as seen from the International Space Station
Mount Rundle, Banff, Alberta