Plateau's laws
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Plateau's laws describe the structure of soap films. These laws were formulated in the 19th century by the Belgian physicist Joseph Plateau from his experimental observations. Many patterns in nature
Bubbles in a foam of soap. Soap films meet in threes at about 120° along Plateau borders and these borders meet at vertices at about the tetrahedral angle.
Tetrahedron
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In geometry, a tetrahedron, also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertices. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the ord
Plateau's laws
…threes along an edge called a Plateau border, and they do so at an angle of arccos(−1/2) = 120°. These Plateau borders meet in fours at a vertex, at the tetrahedral angle of arccos(−1/3) ≈ 109.47°. Configurations other than those of Plateau's laws are unstable, and the film will quickly tend to rearrange itself to conform…
A caltrop
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