1.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
2.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
5.
Nonprofit organization
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A nonprofit organization is an organization whose purpose is something other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. This is known as the non-distribution constraint, the decision to adopt a nonprofit legal structure is one that will often have taxation implications, particularly where the nonprofit seeks income tax exemption, charitable status and so on. The terms nonprofit and not-for-profit are not consistently differentiated across jurisdictions, in laymans terms they are usually equivalent in concept, although in various jurisdictions there are accounting and legal differences. The nonprofit landscape is varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations. Although charities do make up an often high-profile or visible aspect of the sector, overall, they tend to be either member-serving or community-serving. e. It could be argued many nonprofits sit across both camps, at least in terms of the impact they make. For example, the support group that provides a lifeline to those with a particular condition or disease could be deemed to be serving its members. Many NPOs use the model of a bottom line in that furthering their cause is more important than making a profit. Although NPOs are permitted to generate revenues, they must be retained by the organization for its self-preservation, expansion. NPOs have controlling members or a board of directors, many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and executives who work with or without compensation. In some countries, where there is a fee, in general. The extent to which an NPO can generate surplus revenues may be constrained or use of surplus revenues may be restricted. Some NPOs may also be a charity or service organization, they may be organized as a corporation or as a trust. Their goal is not to be successful in terms of wealth, NPOs have a wide diversity of structures and purposes. Some of the above must be expressed in the charter of establishment or constitution. Others may be provided by the authority at each particular jurisdiction. While affiliations will not affect a legal status, they may be taken into consideration by legal proceedings as an indication of purpose, most countries have laws that regulate the establishment and management of NPOs and that require compliance with corporate governance regimes
6.
Playwright
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A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes plays. The term is not a variant spelling of playwrite, but something quite distinct, hence the prefix and the suffix combine to indicate someone who has wrought words, themes, and other elements into a dramatic form - someone who crafts plays. The homophone with write is in this case entirely coincidental, the term playwright appears to have been coined by Ben Jonson in his Epigram 49, To Playwright, as an insult, to suggest a mere tradesman fashioning works for the theatre. Jonson described himself as a poet, not a playwright, since plays during that time were written in meter and this view was held as late as the early 19th century. The term playwright later lost this negative connotation, the earliest playwrights in Western literature with surviving works are the Ancient Greeks. These early plays were written for annual Athenian competitions among playwrights held around the 5th century BC, such notables as Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes established forms still relied on by their modern counterparts. For the ancient Greeks, playwriting involved poïesis, the act of making and this is the source of the English word poet. In the 4th century BCE, Aristotle wrote his Poetics, the first play-writing manual, in this famous text, Aristotle established the principle of action or praxis as the basis for all drama. He then included a hierarchy of elements for the beginning with plot, character, thought, diction, music. The ends of drama were plot, character, and thought, the means of drama were language and music, since the myths, upon which Greek tragedy were based, were widely known, plot had to do with the arrangement and selection of existing material. Character was equated with choice as rather than psychology, so that character was determined by action, in tragedy, the notion of ethical choice determined the character of the individual. Thought had more to do and the imitation of an action that is serious, thus, he developed his notion of hamartia, or tragic flaw, an error in judgment by the main character or protagonist. It provides the basis for the play, a term still held as the sine qua non of dramaturgy. The Poetics, while very brief and highly condensed, is studied today. Perhaps the most Aristotelian of contemporary playwrights is David Mamet, who embraces the idea of character as agent of the action, and emphasizes causality in the structure of his plays. His recently revived, Speed-the-Plow, is quintessentially Aristotelian, in that it observes the unities and builds its plot through a causal stream of discoveries and reversals. The Italian Renaissance brought about a stricter interpretation of Aristotle, as this long-lost work came to light in the late 15th century. The neoclassical ideal, which was to reach its apogee in France during the 17th century, dwelled upon the unities, of action, place, and time
7.
Theatre Row (New York City)
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Theatre Row is the name for a section of 42nd Street in Midtown Manhattan between Ninth and Eleventh Avenues. The name comes from the numerous Off-Broadway and Off-Off-Broadway theatres that line the street, today, the stretch holds by a series of theatres, many if which have been renovated or newly built in recent years. Ghosts of 42nd Street, A History of Americas Most Infamous Block, new York, HarperCollins Books, ISBN 0-688-17089-7
8.
New York University
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New York University is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City. Founded in 1831, NYU is considered one of the worlds most influential research universities, University rankings compiled by Times Higher Education, U. S. News & World Report, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world. NYU is a part of the creativity, energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village. Among its faculty and alumni are 37 Nobel Laureates, over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners, over 30 Academy Award winners, alumni include heads of state, royalty, eminent mathematicians, inventors, media figures, Olympic medalists, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and astronauts. NYU alumni are among the wealthiest in the world, according to The Princeton Review, NYU is consistently considered by students and parents as a Top Dream College. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, declared his intention to establish in this immense, a system of rational and practical education fitting and graciously opened to all. A three-day-long literary and scientific convention held in City Hall in 1830 and these New Yorkers believed the city needed a university designed for young men who would be admitted based upon merit rather than birthright or social class. On April 18,1831, an institution was established, with the support of a group of prominent New York City residents from the merchants, bankers. Albert Gallatin was elected as the institutions first president, the university has been popularly known as New York University since its inception and was officially renamed New York University in 1896. In 1832, NYU held its first classes in rented rooms of four-story Clinton Hall, in 1835, the School of Law, NYUs first professional school, was established. American Chemical Society was founded in 1876 at NYU and it became one of the nations largest universities, with an enrollment of 9,300 in 1917. NYU had its Washington Square campus since its founding, the university purchased a campus at University Heights in the Bronx because of overcrowding on the old campus. NYU also had a desire to follow New York Citys development further uptown, NYUs move to the Bronx occurred in 1894, spearheaded by the efforts of Chancellor Henry Mitchell MacCracken. The University Heights campus was far more spacious than its predecessor was, as a result, most of the universitys operations along with the undergraduate College of Arts and Science and School of Engineering were housed there. NYUs administrative operations were moved to the new campus, but the schools of the university remained at Washington Square. In 1914, Washington Square College was founded as the undergraduate college of NYU. In 1935, NYU opened the Nassau College-Hofstra Memorial of New York University at Hempstead and this extension would later become a fully independent Hofstra University. In 1950, NYU was elected to the Association of American Universities, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, financial crisis gripped the New York City government and the troubles spread to the citys institutions, including NYU
9.
Tisch School of the Arts
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The New York University Tisch School of the Arts is a center of study in the performing and media arts. Founded on August 17,1965, Tisch is a ground for artists, scholars of the arts, filmmakers. The school merges the technical training of a school with the academic resources of a major research university to immerse students in their intended artistic disciplines. It is located at 721 Broadway in Manhattan, New York City, NYU has the most alumni working at Broadway theatre. Tisch School of the Arts was founded in order to provide training in theatre and film. The school created additional departments such as dance, theatre design, in recognition of the generosity of the Tisch family, the school was renamed Tisch School of the Arts. Tisch also offers a selection of classes to NYU students not enrolled in any of its programs through the Open Arts curriculum, the Graduate Acting Program offers a three-year MFA that equips acting students with the skills of a working career in theatre and/or film. The Department of the Dance offers training on the graduate and undergraduate level to students preparing for careers as dancers or choreographers, while taking full advantage of the liberal arts resources of the New York University and the cultural resources of the New York City. The Graduate Musical Theater Writing Program is an MFA program specially designed for the major collaborators in the creation of new theater and opera, composers, lyricists. NYU Tisch School of the Arts Graduate Acting Program has gained a reputation for its selectivity. Zelda Fichandler became chair of the program in 1984 and stepped down in 2008, in May 2008, Mark Wing-Davey became chair. Graduate Acting alumni have gone on to achieve many acting accolades, faison Edi Gathegi Jordan Gelber,2000 Enver Gjokaj Matthew Gray Gubler Logan Marshall Green Christopher Guest,1971 Danai Gurira Michael C. Many of the faculty have their own independent of the dance department. The program strives to prepare students for the life of a dancer, preparing them by treating their third year students as a company. Students graduate in three years, hence the schedule which is accelerated in order for dancers to graduate earlier than their peers in other college dance programs. Because of brevity of the program, students attend a six-week summer course following their first. During these summer intensives, six different companies come in a week each and teach students their style of movement and this is an excellent way for students to be introduced to companies and have the chance to get noticed and get to know the different companies in an intimate setting. This is unique to the Tisch Dance Program, and is conducive to introducing dancers into the world of auditions
10.
Carnegie Corporation of New York
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Carnegie Corporation of New York was established by Andrew Carnegie during 1911 to promote the advancement and diffusion of knowledge and understanding. Nevertheless, ten years after the sale of the Carnegie Steel Company, he still had more than $150 million and, having already used the conventional formats for his previously endowed institutions, he selected corporation for this last and largest. It was chartered by the State of New York as Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Corporations capital fund, originally donated as a value of about $135 million, had a market value of $1.55 billion on March 31,1999. During 1911 and 1912, Carnegie gave the corporation $125 million, as the residual legatee of his will, the corporation received an additional $10 million when the estate was settled. Carnegie reserved a portion of the endowment to be used for purposes in Canada. This part of the endowment was first known as the Special Fund, then the British Dominions and Colonies Fund, charter amendments have allowed the corporation to use 7.4 percent of its income in countries that are or have been members of the British Commonwealth. During the corporations early years, Carnegie himself was president and a trustee, James Bertram, his private secretary, and Robert A. Franks, his financial agent, were also trustees and, respectively, secretary and treasurer of the corporation. These three comprised the first executive committee and made most of the funding decisions, soon after Carnegies death during 1919, the trustees elected a full-time, salaried president as chief executive officer of the corporation and made him an ex officio member of the board. Initially, grants followed the pattern of Carnegies personal philanthropies, until 1917, gifts for the construction of public libraries and for the purchase of church organs were continued. The other Carnegie organizations in the United States also received grants for their programs, as did universities, colleges, schools. In his letter of gift to his trustees, Carnegie wrote, Conditions upon erth inevitably change, hence, no wise man will bind Trustees forever to certain paths. I disclaim any intention of doing so, on the contrary, I giv my Trustees full authority to change policy or causes hitherto aided, from time to time, when this, in their opinion, has become necessary or desirable. They shall best conform to my wishes by using their own judgement, thus, over the years, the corporations priorities for grant making have changed, while always remaining educational. After Carnegies death, the corporation began to devote its funding increasingly to scientific research, convinced of the nations need to increase scientific expertise and scientific management, the corporation sought to build facilities for research of the natural and social sciences. At this time, the corporation developed a interest in adult education. During 1919 it initiated the Americanization Study to explore opportunities for adults. The foundations grantmaking during this period had a certain eclecticism and a remarkable perseverance with respect to its chosen causes, widely heralded, Myrdals book American Dilemma had no immediate public policy effect, although it was later much cited in legal challenges to segregation. Keppel believed foundations should make the facts available to the public and his cogent writings about philanthropy left a lasting impression on the foundation field and influenced the organization and leadership of many new foundations
11.
Michael Bloomberg
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Michael Rubens Mike Bloomberg is an American businessman, author, politician, and philanthropist. His net worth is estimated at US$47.5 billion, as of March 2017, ranking him as the 8th richest person in the United States, Bloomberg is the founder, CEO, and owner of Bloomberg L. P. He began his career at the securities brokerage Salomon Brothers, before forming his own company in 1981 and spending the twenty years as its chairman. Bloomberg also served as chairman of the board of trustees at his alma mater, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg served as the 108th Mayor of New York City, holding office for three consecutive terms, beginning with his first election in 2001. A Democrat before seeking office, Bloomberg switched his party registration in 2001 to run for Mayor as a Republican. He defeated opponent Mark Green in an election held just weeks after the September 11 terrorist attacks. He won a term in 2005, and left the Republican Party two years later. Bloomberg campaigned to change the term limits law, and was elected to his third term in 2009 as an Independent candidate on the Republican ballot line. Bloomberg was frequently mentioned as a candidate for the U. S. Presidential elections in 2008, and 2012, as well as for Governor of New York in 2010 and he declined to seek either office, opting to continue serving as the Mayor of New York City. On January 1,2014, Bill de Blasio succeeded Bloomberg as the Mayor of New York City, after a brief stint as a full-time philanthropist, Bloomberg re-assumed the position of CEO at Bloomberg L. P. by the end of 2014. Michael Bloomberg was born at St. Elizabeths Hospital, in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston, on February 14,1942, Bloombergs father, William Henry Bloomberg, was a bookkeeper for a dairy company and the son of Alexander Elick Bloomberg, an immigrant from Russia. His mother, Charlotte Bloomberg, was a native of Jersey City and his maternal grandfather, Max Rubens, was an immigrant from present-day Belarus, then also part of Russia. Bloomberg attended Johns Hopkins University, where he joined the fraternity Phi Kappa Psi, in 1962, as a sophomore, he constructed the schools mascot, the blue jay. He graduated in 1964 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering, in 1966 he graduated from Harvard Business School as a Master of Business Administration. In 1973, Bloomberg became a partner at Salomon Brothers, a bulge-bracket Wall Street investment bank. In 1981, Salomon Brothers was bought by Phibro Corporation, and he was given no severance package, but owned $10 million worth of equity as a partner at the firm. Using this money, Bloomberg went on to set up a company named Innovative Market Systems, in 1982, Merrill Lynch became the new companys first customer, installing 22 of the companys Market Master terminals and investing $30 million in the company
12.
In Trousers
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In Trousers is a musical, which premiered Off-Broadway in 1979, with a book, lyrics, and music by William Finn. The one-acter centers on Marvin, who has an unnamed wife, torn between his natural inclination and his desire not to upset his family life as he knows it, Marvin ultimately makes the decision he feels is best for him. In Trousers, directed by Finn, was mounted twice in 1979 at Off-Broadways Playwrights Horizons, opening on February 21 for 24 performances, the cast -- Chip Zien, Alison Fraser, Joanna Green, and Mary Testa -- was the same for both productions. The play was produced Off-Broadway at the Second Stage Theatre in March 1981, with Jay O. Sanders as Marvin, Kate Dezina, Alaina Reed, direction was by Judith Swift with choreography by Marta Renzi and Sharon Kinney. Directed by Matt Casella, it starred Stephen Bogardus, Catherine Cox, Sherry Hursey, in an authors note to this version, Finn wrote. a lot of the material was about my learning to write the kind of show songs I want to write. So the show is about Marvins education, and mine, isnt it typical of this luckless season that the musical with the best score would be more enjoyably heard on a cast album than seen on stage. Finn eventually collaborated with James Lapine on two additional one-acters, March of the Falsettos and Falsettoland, which explored the lives of Marvin and his family. These two later were combined for a two-act Broadway production entitled Falsettos, Marvin - Chip Zien His Wife - Alison Fraser His Sweetheart - Joanna Green Miss Goldberg - Mary Testa The original cast album is available on CD on the Original Cast Records label. Still, the music is lively and melodic, the lyrics often provocative and surprising, and the performances, notably that of Chip Zien, who appeared in the later shows in a different role, arresting
13.
March of the Falsettos
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March of the Falsettos is a musical with a book, lyrics, and music by William Finn. A sequel to In Trousers, the one-acter continues the story of Marvin and his journey in search of self-understanding, inner peace, and a life with a happily ever after ending. His extended family consists of ex-wife Trina, son Jason, gay lover Whizzer Brown, and psychiatrist Mendel, by the end of the piece, Marvin is still unsettled, but he at least knows he has salvaged his relationship with his son. The musical premiered Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons on May 20,1981 and it transferred to the Westside Theatre on October 13,1981 and closed on January 31,1982 after 268 performances. Directed by James Lapine, the cast included Michael Rupert, Alison Fraser, James Kushner, Stephen Bogardus, an original cast recording was released by DRG Records. The UK premiere of the show was at the intimate Library Theatre in Manchester, UK in 1987, directed by Roger Haines and Paul Kerryson. This production, featuring Barry James, Martin Smith, Paddy Navin, Simon Green and Damien Walker, Finn completed his Marvin trilogy with Falsettoland, which eventually became, with March of the Falsettos, the two-act Broadway musical Falsettos. Its 1979 in New York City, Marvin, his son Jason, his psychiatrist Mendel, Trina, on Marvin’s recommendation, pays a visit to Mendel where she wearily wonders how her life has turned out this way. Mendel, who is attracted to her, tries to console her. Meanwhile, Marvin and Whizzer comment on their relationship, the two have little in common, apart from the fact that they both love fighting and are insanely attracted to each other. Both worry that The Thrill of First Love is wearing off, the cast presents an interlude, Marvin at the Psychiatrist, a Three-Part Mini-Opera. In part one, Mendel asks Marvin about his relationship with Whizzer and Marvin weighs the pros and cons of the relationship, ultimately concluding that he does love Whizzer. In part two, Mendel shifts the topic to Trina, and the session becomes one where Mendel, obviously aroused, in part three, Marvin and Jason provide counterpoint on their strained relationship. Jason, who is 10, is worried that because, as he puts it, My Fathers a Homo, that hell turn out to be one too. Because he is worried, he acts up, and Everyone tells Jason to See a Psychiatrist immediately and it is only after Whizzer softly adds his voice to that of his parents that Jason agrees to see Mendel. It is very clear that Marvin is trying to pigeon-hole Whizzer into the role of homemaker, all agree that This Had Better Come To A Stop. Jason is acting up again, and Trina phones Mendel frantically to Please Come To Our House for dinner, Mendel arrives and immediately charms Trina. He and Jason settle down for Jasons Therapy, in which Jason frets about his future and Mendel, in a very round-about way, encourages him to simply relax and enjoy life
14.
Falsettoland
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Falsettoland is a musical with a book by James Lapine and music and lyrics by William Finn. In this chapter of Marvins life, Jason is preparing for his bar mitzvah and Whizzer is suffering from a mysterious, life-threatening, as yet undefined illness, Falsettoland opened Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons on June 28,1990 and closed on August 12,1990. The musical transferred to the Lucille Lortel Theatre on September 25,1990, directed by Lapine, the cast included Michael Rupert, Faith Prince, Stephen Bogardus, Chip Zien, Heather MacRae and Janet Metz. A cast recording was released by DRG Records, March of the Falsettos and Falsettoland were merged into the 1992 Broadway production Falsettos, as Acts I and II. Mendel the psychiatrist shines a flashlight into the audience on a stage, welcoming us to Falsettoland. The cast has been enlarged by two, Marvins lesbian neighbors Dr. Charlotte, an Internist, and Cordelia, a kosher Caterer, Marvin has realized that its About Time that he grows up and get over himself. He has called a truce with Trina and he has managed to maintain his relationship with Jason and he has not seen Whizzer for two years and has still not gotten over him. The pair immediately starts bickering, to Jasons dismay and Mendels amusement, Mendel encourages them to have a simple party, but Trina will have none of it. It is the Year of the Child after all, the year that every Jewish parent dreams of, the scene moves to Jasons Little League Baseball game. While at bat, Jason has a lot more on his mind than the game, Everyone is sitting watching Jewish boys who cant play baseball play baseball and getting a little too into it, when Whizzer suddenly arrives, Jason had asked him to come. Marvin is struck by how little hes aged, and an offer of reconciliation is offered just as Jason, miracle of miracles. Hes so shocked he forgets to run, an interlude, A Day in Falsettoland. In part two, Trina Works It Out, Trina reveals Marvin and Whizzer are back and wonders why that is bothering her. In part three, The Neighbors Relax, Mendel and Trina jog and discuss Marvin and the Bar Mitzvah, Cordelia asks Charlotte how her day was at the hospital, and Charlotte exclaims that today was a rare day without a death. Meanwhile, Marvin and Whizzer play racquetball and bicker when Whizzer beats Marvin soundly, all reflect on how wonderful life is. Marvin and Trina are warring over every aspect of the Bar Mitzvah. It is up to Mendel to console the boy, telling him that Everyone Hates His Parents at his age, Marvin sits in bed one morning, looking at the sleeping Whizzer, wondering at how much he loves him. Rumors are spreading, but the disease is spreading faster, then Whizzer collapses during a game of racquetball
15.
A. R. Gurney
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Albert Ramsdell Gurney Jr, sometimes credited as Pete Gurney, is an American playwright, novelist and academic. He is known for works including The Dining Room, Sweet Sue, Love Letters and his series of plays about upper-class WASP life in contemporary America have been called penetratingly witty studies of the WASP ascendancy in retreat. His parents had three children, of which Gurney was the middle, Evelyn Gurney, who married Miller, Albert Ramsdell Gurney, Jr. and Stephen S. Gurney Gurney attended the Nichols School in Buffalo and graduated from St. Pauls School in Concord, New Hampshire. He attended Williams College, graduating in 1952, and the Yale School of Drama, graduating in 1958, after which he began teaching Humanities at MIT. His maternal grandparents were Elbridge G. Spaulding and Marion Caryl Ely. Ely was the daughter of William Caryl Ely, in 1959, following graduation from Yale, Gurney taught English and Latin at a day school, Belmont Hill School, in Belmont, Massachusetts for one year. He then joined Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a Professor of Humanities, from 1960 until 1996 and he began writing plays such as Children and The Middle Ages while at MIT, but it was his great success with The Dining Room that allowed him to write full-time. Since The Dining Room, Gurney has written a number of plays, while at Yale, Gurney also wrote the musical, Love in Buffalo, this was the first musical ever produced at the Yale School of Drama. Since then, he is known to be a prolific writer and his first play in New York, which ran for just one performance in October 1968, The David Show, premiered at the Players’ Theater on MacDougal Street. The play was cut after its first show by sneers from the entire press except for two enthusiasts, Edith Oliver in The New Yorker and another from the Village Voice. His 2015 play, Love and Money, is about a woman making plans to dispose of her fortune, and the twists that ensue. It was also produced in Buffalo by the Kavinoky Theatre and he appeared in several of his plays including The Dining Room and most notably Love Letters. Gurneys plays often explore the theme of a declining upper-class White Anglo-Saxon Protestant WASP life in contemporary America, the Wall Street Journal has called his works penetratingly witty studies of the WASP ascendancy in retreat. Several of his works are based on his patrician upbringing, including The Cocktail Hour. In his 1988 play, The Cocktail Hour, the character that tells her playwright son that theater critics dont like us. They think were all Republicans, all superficial and all alcoholics, the New York Times described the play as witty observations about a nearly extinct patrician class that regards psychiatry as an affront to good manners, underpaid hired help as a birthright. Gurney added that he was a man in Buffalo. My father could never mention it, and it affected the family well into the generation as a dark. It made my father and his father desperate to be accepted, to be conventional and it made them commit themselves to an ostensibly easy bourgeois world
16.
Assassins (musical)
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Assassins is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by John Weidman, based on an idea by Charles Gilbert, Jr. It uses the premise of a carnival game to produce a revue-style portrayal of men and women who attempted to assassinate Presidents of the United States. The music varies to reflect the music of the eras depicted. The musical first opened Off-Broadway in 1990, and the 2004 Broadway production won five Tony Awards, as a panelist at producer Stuart Ostrows Musical Theater Lab, Sondheim read a script by playwright Charles Gilbert, Jr. Sondheim asked Gilbert for permission to use his idea. Gilbert consented and offered to write the book, but Sondheim declined, Weidman had written the book for Pacific Overtures and would work with Sondheim again on Road Show. Assassins opened Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons on December 18,1990, directed by Jerry Zaks the cast included Victor Garber, Terrence Mann, Patrick Cassidy, Debra Monk, Greg Germann, and Annie Golden. According to the Los Angeles Times, The show has sold out since previews began. Frank Rich in his New York Times review wrote Assassins will have to fire with sharper aim and fewer blanks if it is to shoot to kill. On October 29,1992, Assassins opened in London at the Donmar Warehouse with direction by Sam Mendes, the show ran for 76 performances, closing on January 9,1993. The first US regional production was mounted by the San Jose Civic Light Opera in San Jose and this was the world premiere of the 13-piece orchestration by Michael Starobin. Next was the New Line Theatre in St. Louis, Missouri in 1994, roundabout Theater Companys Broadway production was originally scheduled for 2001 but was postponed to April 22,2004, because the content was sensitive in light of the events of September 11,2001. After 101 performances at Studio 54, Assassins closed on July 18,2004, Michael Cerveris played John Wilkes Booth, for which he received a Tony Award. The 2004 production was noted for a coup de théâtre, the Zapruder film of the death of John F. Kennedy projected onto Lee Harvey Oswalds T-shirt by projection designer Elaine J. McCarthy, on 3 December 2012, the Broadway cast reunited for a special benefit. The Los Angeles premiere opened in 1994 at the Los Angeles Theatre Center and included Patrick Cassidy playing Booth, a 2010 production in Toronto by BirdLand Theatre and Talk is Free Theatre won the Dora Mavor Moore Award for Outstanding Production in the Musical Theatre Division. The Union Theatre, London, produced Assassins in July 2010 and it was staged and directed by Michael Strassen. It attained Show of the Week and Critics choice in Time Out, Assassins is being included in the 2017 season of Encores. The three versions were not identical, as roles were combined, and the song Something Just Broke was new to the London production, in 1991, Theatre Communications Group published the libretto, which did not feature Something Just Broke. The current licensed version of the musical reflects the 2004 Broadway revival, although the script does not combine The Balladeer and Oswald into a single role, many productions have followed the revival in doing so
17.
Stephen Sondheim
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Stephen Joshua Sondheim is an American composer and lyricist known for more than a half-century of contributions to musical theatre. Sondheim has received an Academy Award, eight Tony Awards, eight Grammy Awards, a Pulitzer Prize, the Laurence Olivier Award, and he has been described by Frank Rich of The New York Times as now the greatest and perhaps best-known artist in the American musical theater. He also wrote the lyrics for West Side Story and Gypsy, Sondheim has also written film music, contributing Goodbye for Now to Warren Beattys 1981 Reds. He wrote five songs for 1990s Dick Tracy, including Sooner or Later by Madonna, the composer was president of the Dramatists Guild from 1973 to 1981. To celebrate his 80th birthday, the former Henry Millers Theatre was renamed the Stephen Sondheim Theatre on September 15,2010, Cameron Mackintosh has called Sondheim possibly the greatest lyricist ever. Sondheim was born into a Jewish family in New York City and his father manufactured dresses designed by his mother. The composer grew up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan and, after his parents divorced, on a farm near Doylestown, Pennsylvania. As the only child of parents living in the San Remo on Central Park West. When he lived in New York, Sondheim attended ECFS, the Ethical Culture Fieldston School known simply as Fieldston, Sondheim spent several summers at Camp Androscoggin. He traces his interest in theatre to Very Warm for May, the curtain went up and revealed a piano, Sondheim recalled. A butler took a duster and brushed it up, tinkling the keys, when Sondheim was ten, his father left his mother for another woman. Herbert sought custody of Stephen but was unsuccessful, Sondheim explained to biographer Secrest that he was what they call an institutionalized child, meaning one who has no contact with any kind of family. Youre in, though its luxurious, youre in an environment that supplies you with everything, No brothers and sisters, no parents, and yet plenty to eat, and friends to play with and a warm bed, you know. Sondheim detested his mother, who was said to be abusive and projected her anger from her failed marriage on her son, When my father left her. And she used me the way she used him, to come on to and to berate, beat up on, what she did for five years was treat me like dirt, but come on to me at the same time. She once wrote him a letter saying that the only ever had was giving him birth. When his mother died in the spring of 1992, Sondheim did not attend her funeral, when Sondheim was about ten years old, he became friends with James Hammerstein, son of lyricist and playwright Oscar Hammerstein II. The elder Hammerstein became Sondheims surrogate father, influencing him profoundly, Sondheim met Hal Prince, who would direct many of his shows, at the opening of South Pacific, Hammersteins musical with Richard Rodgers
18.
Shaun Davey
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Shaun Davey is an Irish composer. Shaun Davey was born in Belfast in 1948 and attended Rockport School in County Down and he graduated from Trinity College, Dublin in the history of Art in 1971. He then took a degree at the Courtauld Institute of Art in London. In the late 1970s, he made his first recording, Davey and Morris, with James Morris and he worked as a composer of advertising jingles, including The Pride of the Herd for the National Dairy Council, 7up, Bank of Ireland and many more. Daveys reputation is built on four large-scale concert works based on Irish history, all using uilleann pipes, the Brendan Voyage depicts the journey taken by explorer Tim Severin, in 1978, from Ireland across the Atlantic to Newfoundland in a leather currach. Severins journey was a recreation of the one made by Saint Brendan. The style is similar to that of film composer John Williams, the work uses the traditional uilleann pipes to represent the small currach, while the rest of the orchestra represents the conditions, islands and wildlife encountered by the boat. The Pilgrim is set in a medieval world where the Irish. It exists in two versions, the 1983 recording made at the Lorient Interceltic Festival, and a version recorded mostly in the 1990s. Granuaile tells the story of Gráinne OMalley, an Irish pirate queen in the 16th century and it has more songs than the previous works and features the voice of Rita Connolly. Dónal Lunny again contributed as a session musician and it is a homophonic piece of music set in the re mode and was also accompanied by a chamber orchestra. The Relief of Derry Symphony has a more obvious symphonic structure and it is based around the 17th century Siege of Derry, showing the Protestants inside and the Catholics outside the beleaguered city. Whereas the previous three works involved uilleann piper Liam OFlynn, this one uses a Scottish bagpipe band, who enter the auditorium from behind the audience. May We Never Have To Say Goodbye, released by the Tara Music label, is a collaboration between Davey, the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra and a number of famous artists. It is presented along with a range of music from Daveys suite, featuring traditional soloists, singers, choir, pipe band, and orchestra, together with percussion. Beal Tuinne - Live at St. James church Dingle is a collection of songs composed by Davey with lyrics based on the poems of the late Kerry Poet Caoimhín Ó Cinnéide. Davey is joined on this recording by his wife Rita Connolly and Dingle-based musicians, Seamus Begley, Eilís Kennedy, Lawrence Courtney, Eoin Ó Beaglaoí, Daithí Ó Sé and Jim Murray. For this live recording, Davey has again teamed up with Connolly and OFlynn, as well as the Romanian Men’s Choir of the Theology Faculty, Sibiu, dr. Sorin Dobre and sections from the Romanian State Philharmonia, conducted by David Brophy
19.
Goodnight Children Everywhere
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Goodnight Children Everywhere is a 1997 play written by American playwright Richard Nelson that premiered at The Other Place, in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. The play is set in 1945 just after the end of World War II, three sisters reunite with their brother who had been sent to live in the United States during the period of evacuations of civilians during the London bombings. Directed by Nelson, the cast featured Robin Weigert, Kali Rocha, Heather Goldenhersh, Jon DeVries, Chris Stafford, John Rothman, the West Coast premiere was in an American Conservatory Theater, San Francisco production in February - March 2001, again directed by Nelson. Awards 2000 Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Play Nelson, Richard, goodnight Children Everywhere at the Internet off-Broadway Database New York Times review of 1999 production, May 27,1999 CurtainUp review of 1999 production, May 26,1999
20.
The Substance of Fire
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The Substance of Fire is a play by Jon Robin Baitz. Isaac Geldhart is a survivor of the Holocaust. He is faced with a conflict, the potential Japanese takeover of his increasingly insolvent firm. The play premiered at the Long Wharf Theatre, New Haven, Connecticut, the Substance of Fire opened Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons on March 17,1991. Directed by Daniel Sullivan, the cast included Ron Rifkin, Sarah Jessica Parker, Patrick Breen, the play transferred to the Lincoln Centers Newhouse Theater on January 31,1992. The play closed on July 26,1992 after 205 performances, Rifkin won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play. The play won the 1992 Lucille Lortel Awards, Outstanding Director, Daniel Sullivan and Outstanding Actor, the play was presented at the Mark Taper Forum in January 1993. Directed by Sullivan, the cast featured Patrick Breen, Ron Rifkin, Jon Tenney, the play was revived Off-Broadway by Second Stage Theatre, opening on April 27,2014. Directed by Trip Cullman, the cast featured John Noble, Halley Feiffer, Daniel Eric Gold, Baitz and Sullivan reteamed for the film version, in which Rifkin and Parker reprised their stage roles. The cast also included Timothy Hutton, Tony Goldwyn, Lee Grant, Elizabeth Franz, Dick Latessa, Sullivan was nominated for the Grand Special Prize at the Deauville Film Festival. List of Holocaust films Internet Movie Database listing
21.
Marvin's Room (film)
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Marvins Room is a 1997 American drama film directed by Jerry Zaks. The script was written by John Guare and based on the play of the name by Scott McPherson. McPherson had completed a screenplay for a version before he died. It stars Meryl Streep, Leonardo DiCaprio, Diane Keaton, Robert De Niro, Hume Cronyn, Gwen Verdon, Hal Scardino, original music for the film was composed by Rachel Portman. Carly Simon wrote and performed the theme song Two Little Sisters, a man who had a stroke 20 years ago is left incapacitated and bed-ridden. He has been cared for by his daughter Bessie in their Florida home, and totally ignored by his daughter, Lee. Now, however, Bessies doctor has informed her that she has leukemia and needs a bone marrow transplant, Lee, in turn, turns to her son Hank, who has been committed to a mental institution for setting fire to his mothers house. When Lee finds that she may have to take over her fathers care, eventually, however, the estranged family grows close. The film earned a positive reaction from critics, as it holds an 80% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 49 reviews. George Marvins Room Screen Adaptation, A Scriptwriting Handbook, by Kenneth Portnoy, grace in Suffering, Marvins Room Praying the Movies, Daily Meditations from Classic Films, by Edward McNulty, McNulty. Official website Marvins Room at the Internet Movie Database Marvins Room at AllMovie Marvins Room at Rotten Tomatoes Marvins Room at Box Office Mojo Marvins Room at San Francisco Chronicle
22.
Floyd Collins
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On January 30,1925, while trying to find a new entrance to Crystal Cave, Collins became trapped in a narrow crawlway,55 feet below ground. The rescue operation to save Collins became a national newspaper sensation, the rescue attempt grew to become the third-biggest media event between the world wars. Collins died of thirst and hunger compounded by exposure through hypothermia after being isolated for 14 days, Collins body would be recovered two months later. Floyd Collins discovered Crystal Cave in 1917, Crystal Cave is now part of the Flint Ridge Cave System of the Mammoth Cave National Park. Although Collins was a figure in his lifetime, the fame he gained from his death led to him being memorialized on his tombstone as The Greatest Cave Explorer Ever Known. William Floyd Collins was born in Auburn, Logan County, Kentucky, Collins had five brothers, James, Floyd, Andy Lee, Marshall Everett and Homer Larkin, as well as two sisters, Anna and Nellie. In the period of Kentucky history known as the Cave Wars, the Floyd Collins family owned their own cave called Crystal Cave, Crystal Cave attracted a low number of tourists due to its remote location. Collins hoped to find another entrance to the Mammoth Cave or possibly an unknown cave along the road to Mammoth Cave and draw more visitors and he made an agreement with three farmers, who owned land closer to the main highway. If he found a cave, they would form a business partnership, working alone, within three weeks, he had explored and expanded a hole that would later be called Sand Cave by the news media. Because his lamp was dying, he had to leave quickly before losing all light to the chamber, Collins accidentally knocked over his lamp, putting out the light, and was caught by a rock from the cave ceiling, pinning his left leg. The falling rock weighed only 16 pounds, but because of its position, Floyd Collins was trapped 150 feet from the entrance. After being found the day by friends, crackers were sent to him. Collins survived for more than a week while rescue efforts were organized, on February 4, the cave passage collapsed in two places. Rescue leaders, led by Henry St. George Tucker Carmichael, determined the cave impassable and too dangerous, the 55-foot shaft and subsequent lateral tunnel intersected the cave just above Collins, but when he was finally reached on February 17, he was already dead from exposure. Because he could not be reached from behind, the rescuers could not free his leg and they left his body in place and filled the shaft with debris. A doctor estimated he had died three or four days before he was reached, with February 13 the most likely date, newspaper reporter William Burke Skeets Miller from The Courier-Journal in Louisville reported on the rescue efforts from the scene. Miller, of small stature, was able to remove a lot of earth from around Collins and he also interviewed Collins in the cave, receiving a Pulitzer Prize for his coverage and playing a part in Collins attempted rescue. Shortly after the media arrived, the publicity drew crowds of tourists to the site, vendors set up stalls to sell food and souvenirs, creating a circus-like atmosphere
23.
Violet (musical)
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Violet is a musical with music by Jeanine Tesori and libretto by Brian Crawley based on the short story The Ugliest Pilgrim by Doris Betts. It tells the story of a disfigured woman who embarks on a journey by bus from her farm in Spruce Pine, North Carolina, all the way to Tulsa. The musical premiered Off-Broadway in 1997 and won the Drama Critics Circle Award, Violet was developed at the Eugene ONeill Theater Centers National Music Theater Conference in 1994. It premiered Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons on March 11,1997, directed by Susan H. Schulman with choreography by Kathleen Marshall, the cast featured Lauren Ward as Violet, Michael McElroy as Flick and Michael Park as Monty. Other cast members included Michael Medeiros, Stephen Lee Anderson, Amanda Posner and it won the Drama Critics Circle Award and Lucille Lortel Award as Best Musical. In January 2003, a concert was held at Playwrights Horizons. Off-Center Series held a production at the New York City Center on July 17,2013. Sutton Foster played Violet with Joshua Henry as Flick, other cast members included Van Hughes, Austin Lesch, Anastacia McCleskey, Keala Settle, Christopher Sieber, Emerson Steele, Chris Sullivan, Rema Webb, and Paul Whitty. Violet opened on Broadway at the American Airlines Theatre in a Roundabout Theatre Company production on March 28,2014 and on April 20,2014 officially, with Sutton Foster starring as Violet. The production was directed by Leigh Silverman, with direction by Micheal Rafter, choreography by Jeffrey Page, sets by David Zinn, costumes by Clint Ramos. The musical had been revised and was played in one act, the musical closed on August 10,2014. With a ticket, a suitcase, and a full of expectation, Violet Karl waits for a Greyhound bus in Spruce Pine. For a moment she sees herself as a girl, carefree and singing a folk song. As the bus departs the station, the muse as to where this journey might lead them. The passengers pile off the bus to get food at a rest stop in Kingsport. In the grill Violet meets two poker-playing soldiers, Flick and Monty, Flick is a black sergeant in his early thirties, Monty a younger white corporal, a paratrooper. Both are bound for Fort Smith, Arkansas, Violet asks to join their game, and as they deal her in, she privately recalls how her father taught her to play. Back on the bus, Monty teases Violet about a preacher he obviously has no faith in and he takes a book she carries and plays keep-away with it, which triggers Violet’s memory of the day she found the catechism in her father’s bedside table
24.
Grey Gardens (musical)
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The Beales were Jacqueline Kennedys aunt and cousin, respectively. However, its central purpose is to untangle the complicated dynamics of their dysfunctional mother/daughter relationship. The first act depicts the characters in their heyday and is a take on what their lives might have been like when they were younger. While the first act is almost entirely fictional, the act takes much of its dialogue. The same actress who plays Big Edie in the first act plays Little Edie in the second act, the musical opened Off-Broadway at Playwrights Horizons on February 10,2006 and ran through April 30,2006. Directed by Michael Greif with choreography by Jeff Calhoun, it starred Christine Ebersole, Mary Louise Wilson and it received mixed reviews, but attracted particularly good reviews for Ebersole and Wilson. It earned five Lucille Lortel Award nominations and twelve Drama Desk Award nominations, the show opened, with revisions, on Broadway on November 2,2006 at the Walter Kerr Theatre and closed on July 29,2007, after 307 performances and 33 previews. The production was nominated for 10 Tony Awards in 2007, winning three, including awards for both Ebersole and Wilson in leading and featured actress categories, respectively, is handling the shows licensing to stock, amateur, university and resident theatres. Independent productions, which started playing in those markets in 2008, in the spring of 2013, a three month run was mounted in Seattle as a co-production between the 5th Avenue Theatre and ACT Theatre, starring Patti Cohenour and Suzy Hunt. In August 2015, a three week production was held at the Bay Street Theater, Sag Harbor, New York, buckley and York star in a production at the Ahmanson Theatre, Los Angeles, California, again directed by Michael Wilson in July and August 2016. The Australian premiere was a run from November 25 to December 4,2011. Directed by Roger Hodgman, the cast featured Pamela Rabe and Nancye Hayes, the Australian production was nominated for the Helpmann Award for Best Musical in 2012. The Canadian premiere was presented from May 2–19,2012 by Fighting Chance Productions in Vancouver, a Japanese production opened on November 7,2009 at Theater Creation in Tokyo and closed on December 6. The production then toured other Japanese cities, including Osaka and Nagoya, a Brazilian production opened on March 15,2013 at the Sala Municipal Baden Powell in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, performing 32 times and closing on May 5,2013. There were an approximate total 9.000 spectators, london The musical will premiere in the UK at the Southwark Playhouse from January 7,2016 to February 6. Directed by Thom Southerland, the cast stars Sheila Hancock and Jenna Russell, the original Broadway characters and cast, ≈ denotes new songs written for the Broadway production. Songs omitted in the Broadway production, Toyland, Body Beautiful Beale, Being Bouvier, Better Fall Out of Love, Tomorrows Woman, the Broadway production was received enthusiastically by critics. Time Magazine named Grey Gardens the No.1 best show to come out in 2006, however, he also noted that the musical tilts perilously toward cheap celebrity camp
25.
Michael Korie
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His works have been produced on Broadway, Off-Broadway, and internationally. His lyrics have been nominated for the Tony Award and the Drama Desk Award, in 2016, Korie was awarded the Marc Blitzstein Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Korie was born April 1,1955 in Elizabeth, New Jersey and his father, a pharmacist, published scholarly essays on H. P Lovecraft and Stephen King. His mother is a sculptor and President Emeritus of the National Association of Women Artists, after graduating from Teaneck High School in 1972, Korie studied music at Brandeis University before transferring to the journalism department of New York University. In the mid-1970s he worked as a journalist, freelancing and editing for The Village Voice and his background in reporting informed several works he was to write based on non-fiction figures in the news. The first work of Korie’s to receive attention was a new-vaudeville crossover opera called Wheres Dick. Composed by Stewart Wallace and developed at Playwrights Horizons and it premiered at the Miller Outdoor Theater in 1989 in a production mounted by the Houston Grand Opera and directed by Richard Foreman. Writing in The New York Times, critic Bernard Holland called it the type of musical stage work…we ought to be pursuing, the Village Voice’s Leighton Kerner described it as a grisly comic indictment, both grotesque and sublime. Korie’s next collaboration with Wallace was Kabbalah, conceived in seven sections or “gates” according to Kabbalistic philosophy. John Rockwell in The New York Times said of it, Kabbalah may prove more important for what it promises than for what it provides. But even what it provides has its real merits and it depicts the life of the slain politician and gay-rights activist Harvey Milk. The second act charts Milk’s transformation from a San Francisco camera store owner to an elected City Supervisor, the Third Act dramatizes his hardball-style politicking and head-butting with his assassin, fellow Supervisor Dan White. Milk’s premonition of his death is shown in the aria “If a Bullet Should Enter My Brain. ” as he makes a recording of his last will just weeks before his murder by White. Sections of the recording were included in the score. The opera premiered on January 21,1995 at the Houston Grand Opera, the Chicago Tribune called it one of the best new operas in years and The Independent’s Edward Seckerson wrote the libretto is among the sharpest in contemporary opera. Performances followed at New York City Opera and San Francisco Opera. Joshua Kosman in The San Francisco Chronicle wrote of the SFO production, “By turns haunting and hilarious, brassy and mystically poetic, the work was presented in London as part of the Maida Vale Concerts series in 2002, performed by the BBC Symphony. In February 2015, a new semi-staged concert version drawn from the opera was presented in Melbourne, Australia, directed by Cameron Lukie
