1.
Buenos Aires Cabildo
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The Buenos Aires Cabildo is the public building in Buenos Aires that was used as seat of the ayuntamiento during the colonial times and the government house of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. Today the building is used as a museum, mayor Manuel de Frías proposed the building of the Cabildo in what is now the Plaza de Mayo on March 3,1608, since the government of the city lacked such a building. Its construction financed with taxes from the port of Buenos Aires, in 1682, due to lack of maintenance, the building was almost in ruins, and the construction of a new Cabildo with 2 stories and 11 arches wide was planned. Construction of the new building did not start until July 23,1725, was suspended in 1728, soon construction was, however, again suspended due to lack of funds. The tower of the new Cabildo was finished in 1764, yet even by the time of the May Revolution in 1810 the Cabildo was still not completely finished. In 1880 the architect Pedro Benoit raised the tower by 10 meters and with a covered with glazed tiles. The tower was demolished nine years later in 1889 to create space for the Avenida de Mayo avenue and the three northernmost arches of the original eleven were demolished. In 1931, to room for the Julio A. Roca avenue. In 1940, the architect Mario Buschiazzo reconstructed the colonial features of the Cabildo using various original documents, the tower, the red tiles, the iron bars on the windows and the wooden windows and doors were all repaired. Currently, the Cabildo hosts the National Museum of the Cabildo, the patio of the Cabildo still has its 1835 ornamental water well. Trofeos de la Reconquista de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires en el Año 1806, Buenos Aires, Litografía, Imprenta y Encuadernación de Guillermo Kraft
2.
Casa Rosada
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La Casa Rosada is the executive mansion and office of the President of Argentina. The palatial mansion is known officially as Casa de Gobierno, normally, the President lives at the Quinta de Olivos, the official residence of the President of Argentina, which is located in Olivos, Buenos Aires Province. The characteristic color of the Casa Rosada is baby pink, and is considered one of the most emblematic buildings in Buenos Aires, the building also houses a museum, which contains objects relating to former presidents of Argentina. It has been declared a National Historic Monument of Argentina and its 1713 replacement by a masonry structure complete with turrets made the spot the effective nerve center of colonial government. Under the direction of British Argentine architect Edward Taylor, the Italianate structure functioned as Buenos Aires largest building from 1859 until the 1890s, an alternative explanation suggests that the original paint contained cows blood to prevent damage from the effects of humidity. Following works to integrate the two structures, Roca had architect Francesco Tamburini build the iconic Italianate archway between the two in 1884. The resulting State House, still known as the Pink House, was completed in 1898 following its eastward enlargement, a Historical Museum was created in 1957 to display presidential memorabilia and selected belongings, such as sashes, batons, books, furniture, and three carriages. The remains of the fort were partially excavated in 1991. Located behind the building, these led to the rerouting of Paseo Colón Avenue. Plans were announced in 2009 for the restoration of surviving portions of Taylors Customs House, the Casa Rosada itself is currently undergoing extensive renovation delayed by the 2001 economic crisis. The work is scheduled for completion on the 2010 bicentennial of the May Revolution that led to independence, in 1536, Don Pedro de Mendoza established a settlement near the mouth of the Riachuelo de los Navíos, called Nuestra Señora del Buen Ayre. It was replaced in 1713 by a solid construction with turrets, sentry boxes, a moat. President Bernardino Rivadavia modified the fort in 1820, and the drawbridge was replaced by a neoclassical portico, the site which was for defence purposes at that time and also seat of the Spanish and Home governments, is where Government House currently stands. In the Pink House Museum one of its cannon holes can be found in part of a room of the Royal Treasurys warehouse. Under the direction of the English architect, Edward Taylor, the New Customs House was built in 1855 back to back with the walls of the Fort. From the central tower at the top of there was a clock. Via two side ramps carts, loaded with goods, accessed the manoeuvring dock and it was used for almost forty years and it was demolished down to the first floor by the Madero Port project and its foundations are buried under what is today Colón Park. President Domingo Sarmiento ordered the construction of the Postal headquarters in 1873 on open ground that had remained after the wing of the Buenos Aires Fort had been demolished
3.
Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral
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The Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral is the main Catholic church in Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is located in the city center, overlooking Plaza de Mayo, on the corner of San Martín and Rivadavia streets and it is the mother church of the Archdiocese of Buenos Aires and the primatial church of Argentina. The Cathedral of Buenos Aires was rebuilt several times since its origins in the 16th century. The present building is a mix of styles, with an 18th-century nave and dome. The interior keeps precious 18th-century statues and altarpieces, as well as abundant Neo-Renaissance, during the definitive foundation of Buenos Aires by Juan de Garay in 1580, part of a block facing the main square was reserved for the major church of the town. This is still the location of the current Cathedral, which is the last building in a series of churches that occupied the site. At the time of its foundation, the town depended on the diocese of Asunción, the first main church of Buenos Aires was a modest building made of wood and adobe, and was replaced by a new one in 1605 by Governor Hernandarias. This second building was also in danger of collapse by 1616 and had to be rebuilt again, in 1620, Buenos Aires was made seat of a bishopric by Pope Paul V. Its main church now had the status of a cathedral, after 1662, the cathedral was again rebuilt under bishop Cristóbal de la Mancha y Velazco and governor José Martínez de Salazar, being re-inaugurated in 1671. The cathedral now had three naves covered by a roof and a tower. Due to the bad quality of its materials, the tower. The whole church was rebuilt, starting in 1684, under bishop Azcona Imberto. In 1695 the building was almost finished, with the towers of the façade. In the early 18th century the works were slow, and the first tower was finished only around 1721, the second tower was begun in 1722 and finished around 1725. The main façade was redesigned between 1725 and 1727 by the Italian Jesuit Giovanni Bianchi, the design of the new façade was directly inspired by Italian Mannerist architecture. On the night of May 23,1752, the nave of the cathedral collapsed, the only portions still standing were the façade and towers, but the rest of the building needed to be completely rebuilt once again. Italian architect Antonio Masella was put in charge of the project, Masella designed a majestic church, much larger than the previous structure, with a three-aisled nave covered with barrel vaulting and lateral chapels. A dome was to sit over the crossing, upon completion of the dome, however, fissures in the structure were detected and it had to be rebuilt
4.
Monserrat, Buenos Aires
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Monserrat or Montserrat is a neighbourhood in the east of the Buenos Aires CBD. Avenida de Mayo runs through the Monserrat district, connecting Plaza de Mayo, a block, or two, south of the Plaza de Mayo, the older section of Monserrat begins. The Monserrat area traces its origins to the foundation of Buenos Aires itself, the Fort of Juan Baltazar of Austria, the marginal settlements first, was built in 1594 and, in 1608, newly arrived Jesuits were granted a 2-hectare lot, nearby. The Jesuits began work on the Saint Ignatius Church in 1686, consecrated in 1734, it is the oldest existing church in Buenos Aires. Possessing the finest school and library at the time and offering colonial Buenos Aires only truly classical education there, land reclamation and the creation of docks parallel to the area led to the construction of Paseo Colón along Monserrats eastern edge. The areas two adjoining squares became the Plaza de Mayo in 1884, a joined by the completion of the presidential executive building. This was followed by the razing of colonial architecture to make way for the Avenida de Mayo, opened in 1894 and Congressional Plaza. The avenue became home to the Buenos Aires Metros first stations, map of Monserrat The Illuminated Block The Casa Rosada Official city web site Avenida de Mayo Unofficial Monserrat guide with pictures and sightseeings
5.
Argentina
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Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a federal republic in the southern half of South America. With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2, Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into provinces and one autonomous city, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system, Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands, and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The earliest recorded presence in the area of modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period. The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century, Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776. The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability, with waves of European immigration radically reshaping its cultural. The almost-unparalleled increase in prosperity led to Argentina becoming the seventh wealthiest developed nation in the world by the early 20th century, Argentina retains its historic status as a middle power in international affairs, and is a prominent regional power in the Southern Cone and Latin America. Argentina has the second largest economy in South America, the third-largest in Latin America and is a member of the G-15 and it is the country with the second highest Human Development Index in Latin America with a rating of very high. Because of its stability, market size and growing high-tech sector, the description of the country by the word Argentina has to be found on a Venice map in 1536. In English the name Argentina probably comes from the Spanish language, however the naming itself is not Spanish, Argentina means in Italian of silver, silver coloured, probably borrowed from the Old French adjective argentine of silver > silver coloured already mentioned in the 12th century. The French word argentine is the form of argentin and derives of argent silver with the suffix -in. The Italian naming Argentina for the country implies Argentina Terra land of silver or Argentina costa coast of silver, in Italian, the adjective or the proper noun is often used in an autonomous way as a substantive and replaces it and it is said lArgentina. The name Argentina was probably first given by the Venitian and Genoese navigators, in Spanish and Portuguese, the words for silver are respectively plata and prata and of silver is said plateado and prateado. Argentina was first associated with the silver mountains legend, widespread among the first European explorers of the La Plata Basin. The first written use of the name in Spanish can be traced to La Argentina, a 1602 poem by Martín del Barco Centenera describing the region, the 1826 constitution included the first use of the name Argentine Republic in legal documents. The name Argentine Confederation was also used and was formalized in the Argentine Constitution of 1853. In 1860 a presidential decree settled the name as Argentine Republic
6.
History of Argentina
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Prehistory in the present territory of Argentina began with the first human settlements on the southern tip of Patagonia around 13,000 years ago. Written history began with the arrival of Spanish chroniclers in the expedition of Juan Díaz de Solís in 1516 to the Río de la Plata, which marks the beginning of Spanish domination in this region. With the declaration of independence on July 9,1816 and the defeat of the Spanish Empire in 1824. The area now known as Argentina was relatively sparsely populated until the period of European colonization, the earliest traces of human life are dated from the Paleolithic period, and there are further signs in the Mesolithic and Neolithic. However, large areas of the interior and Piedmont were apparently depopulated during a dry period between 4000 and 2000 B. C. The second group could be found in the Pampa and south of Patagonia, and the one included the Charrúas and Minuane people. The Guaraníes had expanded across large areas of South America, the Toba nation and the Diaguita which included the Calchaqui and the Quilmes lived in the North and the Comechingones in what is today the province of Cordoba. The Charrua, yaros, Bohanes and Chanás were located in the territory of Entre Ríos. Europeans first arrived in the region with the 1502 Portuguese voyage of Gonçalo Coelho and they also traveled as far south as the Gulf of San Matias at 42ºS, on the northern shores of Patagonia. The Spanish, led by Juan Díaz de Solís, visited the territory which is now Argentina in 1516, in 1536 Pedro de Mendoza established a small settlement at the modern location of Buenos Aires, which was abandoned in 1541. A second one was established in 1580 by Juan de Garay and those regions were part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, whose capital was Lima, and settlers arrived from that city. Unlike the other regions of South America, the colonization of the Río de la Plata estuary was not influenced by any gold rush, the Spanish raised the status of this region by establishing the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776. This viceroyalty consisted of todays Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay, the viceroyalty was, however, short-lived due to lack of internal cohesion among its many regions and lack of Spanish support. Ships from Spain became scarce again after the Spanish defeat at the battle of Trafalgar, the British tried to invade Buenos Aires and Montevideo in 1806 and 1807, but were defeated both times by Santiago de Liniers. Those victories, achieved without help from mainland Spain, boosted the confidence of the city, the beginning of the Peninsular War in Spain and the capture of the Spanish king Ferdinand VII created great concern all around the viceroyalty. It was thought that, without a King, people in America should rule themselves and this idea led to multiple attempts to remove the local authorities at Chuquisaca, La Paz, Montevideo and Buenos Aires, all of which were short-lived. A new successful attempt, the May Revolution of 1810, took place when it was reported all of Spain, with the exception of Cádiz. The May Revolution ousted the viceroy, other forms of government, such as a constitutional monarchy or a Regency were briefly considered
7.
Buenos Aires Central Business District
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The Buenos Aires Central Business District is the main commercial centre of Buenos Aires, Argentina, though not an official city ward. The Microcentro has a concentration of offices, service companies and banks. The area was the site of the first European settlement in what later became Buenos Aires, the district is the financial, corporate, and cultural hub of Buenos Aires, and of Argentina. The Buenos Aires Human Development Index is likewise high by international standards, the Port of Buenos Aires is one of the busiest in South America, navigable rivers by way of the Río de la Plata connect the port to northeastern Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay. As a result, it serves as the hub for a vast area of the south-eastern region of the South American continent. Tax collection related to the port has caused political problems in the past. These latter were all built on reclaimed land along the coast of the Rio de la Plata, the region was formerly crossed by different creeks and lagoons, some of which were refilled and other tubed. Among the most important creeks are, Maldonado, Vega, Medrano, Cildañez, in 1908 many creeks were channeled and rectified, as floods were damaging the citys infrastructure. Starting in 1919, most creeks were enclosed, notably, the Maldonado was tubed in 1954, and currently runs below Juan B. Facing the Río de la Plata estuary, the frontage remained flood-prone, italian and French influences increased after the overthrow of strongman Juan Manuel de Rosas in 1852, and particularly upon the advent of the modernizing Generation of 1880. Later significant additions include those by Alejandro Christophersen, Alejandro Bustillo, Andrés Kalnay, Eduardo Le Monnier, some of the more notable commercial developments completed since then have included the Catalinas Norte office park, Torre Bouchard, Bouchard Plaza, Galicia Tower, the Repsol-YPF Tower. San Nicolás is one of the districts that shares most of the city and national government structure with neighboring Montserrat and its seldom referred to as San Nicolás, but usually as The Center, and the part east of the 9 de Julio Avenue is called Microcentro. The growing importance of the area as a center was highlighted by the 1854 establishment of the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange. San Nicolás remains the center of Argentina, something underscored by the presence of the Central Bank. The construction of Corrientes and Nueve de Julio Avenues in the 1930s further modernized San Nicolás, florida Street, most of which is in San Nicolás, is the citys best-known pedestrianized street. Its most discernible landmark is the Galerías Pacífico shopping arcade, Retiro is one of the largest hubs of transportation services in Argentina. Local and long distance rail service heading to the north originate from Estación Retiro, subte line C of the Buenos Aires Metro system and numerous local public bus services serve Retiro, and this area is always teeming with commuters and traffic on weekdays. The most important avenue linking Retiro and the CBD to commuters living in areas to the north is Avenida del Libertador
8.
Avenida Rivadavia
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Avenida Rivadavia is one of the principal thoroughfares in Buenos Aires, Argentina, extending 23 miles from downtown Buenos Aires to the western suburb of Merlo. This Royal Road of the West, by 1782, traveled to Mendoza, the Buenos Aires Metro, inaugurated in 1913, was extended to Rivadavia Avenue in 1926, whereby 11 of the 16 stations on Line were built underneath the avenue. Rivadavia was on Buenos Aires first bus line in 1928, a development that marked the beginning of the end for the citys trolley system. The establishment of the National Highway Bureau in 1932 led to the 1935 designation of the avenue, west of the Federal District, as part of National Highway 7. This change encouraged the development of the suburbs west of Buenos Aires, something which. A rerouting of Highway 7 north of the avenue began taking shape in the late 1970s, absent since 1962, a Historic Tramway Line was inaugurated along the Caballito section of Rivadavia Avenue in 1980. Avenida Rivadavia begins at a crosswalk between the Casa Rosada and the State Intelligence Bureau, on the northeast corner of Buenos Aires storied Plaza de Mayo. Running westward along the plaza, the passes along the National Bank of Argentina. Passing through Plaza Miserere in the Balvanera area, nearby points of interest include the eclectic Venetian Casa de los Pavos Reales, and, in Almagro, the Art Nouveau Café Las Violetas. Along Rivadavia Park, in the Caballito area, the avenue affords a view of the Monument to Simón Bolívar, founding father to Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela. Nearly 10 miles west of its outset by the Casa Rosada, Rivadavia Avenue passes under the General Paz Beltway into Ciudadela, thus leaving the Federal District for the Province of Buenos Aires. The thoroughfare continues though the Buenos Aires suburbs of Morón, Castelar, Ituzaingó, San Antonio de Padua and Merlo before crossing the Reconquista River, Mitre Avenue travels west another 2.5 miles before merging with Piovano Avenue in Moreno. Avenida Rivadavia Official Province of Buenos Aires bulletin Historic Tramway in Caballito – Asociación Amigos del Tranvía
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