Pleurants or weepers are anonymous sculpted figures representing mourners, used to decorate elaborate tomb monuments, mostly in the late Middle Ages in Western Europe. Typically they are relatively small, and a group were placed around the sides of a raised tomb monument, perhaps interspersed with armorial decoration, or carrying shields with this. They may be in relief or free-standing. In English usage the term "weepers" is sometimes extended to cover the small figures of the deceased's children often seen kneeling underneath the tomb effigy in Tudor tomb monuments.
Pleurants of Margaret of Bourbon (1438–1483) in the Royal Monastery of Brou, in Bourg-en-Bresse, France, by Conrad Meit
Effigy of Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick at the Collegiate Church of St Mary, Warwick
Life-sized pleurants from the tomb of Philippe Pot, Louvre, Paris
Pleurants from the Tomb of Isabella of Bourbon, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
A tomb effigy is a sculpted effigy of a deceased person usually shown lying recumbent on a rectangular slab, presented in full ceremonious dress or wrapped in a shroud, and shown either dying or shortly after death. Although such funerary and commemorative reliefs were first developed in Ancient Egyptian and Etruscan cultures, they appear most numerously in Western Europe tombs from the later 11th century, in a style that continued in use through the Renaissance and early modern period, and are still sometimes used. They typically represent the deceased in a state of "eternal repose", with hands folded in prayer, lying on a pillow, awaiting resurrection. A husband and wife may be depicted lying side by side.
Double tomb of Richard I of England (Richard the Lionheart) and Isabella of Angoulême. Fontevraud Abbey, Anjou, France
Effigies of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici, c. 1561–1573. Basilica of Saint-Denis, France
Limestone Ka statue of Djoser from his pyramid serdab. 27th century BC
Coffin of Neskhons, c. 945-715 BC, Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio