The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic, was a federative real union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, exist
The Union of Lublin joined the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1569.
Sigismund III Vasa, who reigned between 1587 and 1632, presided over an era of prosperity and territorial expansion of the Commonwealth.
Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the early 17th century
John III Sobieski, victor over the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Vienna in 1683.
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland was a political and legal concept that emerged in the 14th century in the Kingdom of Poland, which asserted the unity, indivisibility, and continuity of the state. A
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
…Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic (Polish: I Rzeczpospolita), was a federative real union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795. This state was among the largest, most populated countries of 16th- to 18th-century Europe…
St. Stanislaus of Szczepanów as the patron of the Kingdom of Poland
"King in majesty", illumination from the Gradual of John I Albert by Maciej of Drohiczyn, initial "K", ca. 1501.
A modern reconstruction of the so-called Crown of Bolesław the Brave, used from 1320 for the coronation of Polish kings. The chronicler Jan Długosz referred to it as the actual crown (coronam materialem) of the Kingdom of Poland, distinguishing it from the conceptual Crown. The crown, along with other regalia, was taken to Hungary by Louis the Great and brought back in 1412 by Władysław Jagiełło. Its return to the country was exceptionally ceremonial.
"The King in majesty", miniature from Erazm Ciołek's Pontifical, ca. 1510