The politics of Moldova take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, wherein the prime minister is the head of the Government of Moldova, and a multi-party system. The President of Moldova has no important powers. The government exercises executive power while the legislative power is vested in the Parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The position of the breakaway region of Transnistria, relations with Romania and with Russia, and integration into the EU dominate political discussions.

The prime minister of Moldova is Moldova's head of government. The prime minister is formally appointed by the president of Moldova and exercises executive power along with the cabinet, subject to parliamentary support. Dorin Recean has been serving as prime minister since 16 February 2023 following the dissolution of the Gavrilița cabinet which took place during the same month.