Polizia di Stato

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State Police
Polizia di Stato
Stemma della Polizia di Stato.svg
Common namePolizia
AbbreviationP.S.
MottoSub lege libertas
"Freedom under the law"
Agency overview
FormedJuly 11, 1852
Employees95,000 (2014)
Annual budget€7.8 billion (2014)
Jurisdictional structure
National agencyItaly
Operations jurisdictionItaly
General nature
HeadquartersRome

Sworn members104,000+
Civilians6,000-
Child agencies
Website
Poliziadistato.it

The Polizia di Stato (State Police or P.S.) is one of the national police forces of Italy.

It is the main police force for providing police duties and it is also responsible for highway patrol (autostrade), railways (ferrovie), airports (aeroporti), customs (together with the Guardia di Finanza) as well as certain waterways, and assisting the local police forces.

It was a military force until 1981 when the Italian State Law 121 was passed. This converted the State Police to a civil force,[1] which is in contrast to the other main police forces of Italy: the Arma dei Carabinieri, which is a military police (gendarmerie) force[2][3] and the Guardia di Finanza, the Italian customs and border protection police that also falls in the military corps category.[4]

The Polizia di Stato is the principal Italian police force for the maintenance of public security and as such it is run directly from the Dipartimento della Pubblica Sicurezza (Department of Public Security), and the keeping of public order (ordine pubblico).

History[edit]

Further information: History of the Italian State Police

Strength[edit]

The State Police has an authorised strength by law of 115,000 people. However, there are approximately 110,000 people of which 16,000 are women. Just under 6,000 employees are civilian support personnel with technical skills who provide logistic and technical support. In 2005 the State Police contained 105,324 members as follows: 893 dirigenti (leaders/officers), 1,839 vice questori (Vice-Questors), 723 commissari capo (Chief Superintendents), 19,230 ispettori (Inspectors), 666 vice ispettori (Vice-Inspectors), 13,677 sovrintendenti (Sergeants), 38,976 assistenti (Assistants), and 29,320 agenti (agents).[5][6][7][8]

Approximately 1,500 officers are assigned to the "neighbourhood police" service, the Polizia di Quartiere, which has a police presence on the streets and deters crime. Pairs of poliziotti (policemen) patrol areas of major cities on foot.

Organization[edit]

The headquarters of the Polizia di Stato are in Rome and its chief is referred to as the Capo della Polizia (Chief of the Police) with official Rank of Capo della Polizia - Direttore Generale della Pubblica Sicurezza (Chief of the Police - Director General of the Public Security). The Chief of the State Police is also the Honorary President of the National Association of State Police (Associazione Nazionale della Polizia di Stato). Three vice chiefs/director generals report to the chief and their main functions are:

  • accomplishment of the functions[clarification needed]
  • planning and coordination activity
  • Director of the Criminal Investigation Police

The force is organized on a regional and provincial basis.[9] The territory of the Italian republic is divided into 20 regions. They include 107 provincial commands - one each in the 14 metropolitan cities (città metropolitane), 80 provinces (province), 6 free municipal consortiums (liberi consorzi comunali, the formal provinces of Sicily), 4 abolished Friuli-Venezia Giulia provinces, 2 autonomous provinces - Bolzano - Alto Adige and Trento and 1 in Valle d'Aosta, which is an autonomous region with no provinces nor akin administrative subdivision at all. The administrative centre of each provincial command is the local headquarters, called Questura which is commanded by a Questore (that is also the highest State Police authority for the province - Autorità Provinciale di Pubblica Sicurezza - Provincial Authority of Public Security). The only exceptions are the 4 recently created provinces (Monza and Brianza, Fermo and Barletta-Andria-Trani (established by law in 2004, operational since 2009) and South Sardinia (established in and operational since 2016). The territory of each province is further divided into Public Security Offices (Commissariati di Pubblica Sicurezza), commanded by a Vice Questore Aggiunto or Commissario Capo (Chief Comissioner). The lowest public security authority is the police station or precinct (Stazione di polizia).

Headquarters organization[edit]

Historic Italian State Police "Panther" Alfa Romeo Giulia Super of the Flying Squad
Italian policemen on duty in Piazza di Spagna, Rome, in 2007.

Main Offices, Divisions and Specialties of the State Police (Uffici, Reparti e Specialità della Polizia di Stato):

  • State Police Band (Banda Musicale della Polizia di Stato)
  • Data processing and computer center (Centro Elaborazione Dati)
  • Interregional and Regional Collection Centers (Centri Raccolta Ragionale ed Interregionale)
  • Central Directorate for the Criminal Police (Direzione centrale della polizia criminale)
  • Central Anticrime Directorate (Direzione centrale anticrimine)
  • Central Directorate for the Anti-Terrorism Police (Direzione centrale della polizia di prevenzione)
  • Central Direction for the Instruction Institutes (Direzione Centrale per gli Istituti d'Istruzione)
  • General Inspectorate of Public Security for Civil Aviation and Ministry of Transportation (Ispettorato Generale di Pubblica Sicurezza preso il Ministero dei Trasporti e dell'Aviazione Civile)
  • General Inspectorate of Public Security for Ministry of the Economic Development (Ispettorato Generale di Pubblica Sicurezza preso il Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico)
  • General Inspectorate of Public Security for Ministry of Labor and the Social Politics (Ispettorato Generale di Pubblica Sicurezza presso il Ministero del Lavoro e delle Politiche Sociali)
  • General Inspectorate of Public Security for Palace of the Viminale (Ispettorato Generale di Pubblica Sicurezza presso il Palazzo del Viminale) The Viminale is the headquarters of the Italian Ministry of Interior;
  • General Inspectorate of Public Security for the Senate of the Republic (Ispettorato Generale di Pubblica Sicurezza presso il Senato della Repubblica)
  • General Inspectorate of Public Security for the Chamber of the Deputies (Ispettorato Generale di Pubblica Sicurezza presso la Camera dei Deputati)
  • General Inspectorate of Public Security for the Vatican City (Ispettorato Generale di Pubblica Sicurezza presso la Città del Vaticano)
  • General Inspectorate of Public Security for the Presidency of the Council of Ministers (Ispettorato Generale di Pubblica Sicurezza presso la Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri)
  • General Inspectorate of Public Security for the Presidency of the Republic (Ispettorato Generale di Pubblica Sicurezza presso la Presidenza della Repubblica)
  • Central Operational Core of Security (Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza - N.O.C.S.)
  • Gaming and Betting police (Polizia dei Giochi e delle Scommesse)
  • Alpine Aid (Soccorso Alpino)
  • Postal and Communications Police (Polizia Postale e delle Comunicazioni)
  • Immigration and Border Police (Polizia dell'Immigrazione e delle Frontiere)
  • Air Border Police (Polizia di Frontiera Aerea)
  • Maritime Police (Polizia Marittima)
  • Railway Police (Polizia Ferroviaria)
  • Scientific Police (Polizia Scientifica)
  • Highway Police (Polizia Stradale)
  • Police Mobile Units (Reparti Mobili)
  • Mounted Divisions (Reparti a cavallo)
  • Artificers Units (Unità Artificieri)
  • K-9 Units (Unità Cinofili)
  • Superior School of Police (Scuola Superiore di Polizia)
  • Police Air Command (Reparti Volo)
  • Medical Service (Servizio Sanitario)
  • Gold Flames (Fiamme Oro)

Interregional organization[edit]

The Interregional Directorates (Direzioni Interregionali), organized since 2007, are:


Questure[edit]

There is a Questura in each of the 103 Italian provincial capitals. It is responsible for all the activities carried out by the Polizia di Stato within the province.

Commissariati di Pubblica Sicurezza[edit]

In major cities and highly populated towns there are police stations named Commissariati di Pubblica Sicurezza (Public Security Offices). Each Commissariato di Pubblica Sicurezza is under the Authority of a Questura. Their task is to control, prevent and fight crime in their jurisdiction, and to deal with paperwork as to, among other things, requests for gun licences, passports, permits, and regularization of foreigners.

Polizia di Quartiere is the Quarter Police. Pairs of Poliziotti (Policemen) patrol areas of major cities on foot.

Special operations[edit]

About 24,000 officers, that is almost a quarter of police personnel, work within the Highway Patrol (Polizia Stradale), Railroad Police (Polizia Ferroviaria), Postal and Telecommunications Police (Polizia Postale e delle Telecomunicazioni) and Border and Immigration Police (Polizia di Frontiera).

Highway patrol[edit]

Main article: Polizia Stradale

The Polizia Stradale, or PolStrada for short, is a highway patrol organization. PolStrada police the 7,000 kilometres (4,300 mi) of motorways (autostrada) in Italy, the main highways and arterial roads outside towns. Their duties are the prevention and detection of driving offences, car accident reports, planning and carrying out of services to regulate traffic, providing escorts for road safety, protection and control of the road network, rescue operations and cooperation in the collection of traffic flow data.

Railway Police[edit]

The Polizia Ferroviaria, or PolFer for short, ensure the security of travelers and their belongings on trains and at stations plus the safety and control of dangerous goods. Railroad Police officers patrol, in particular, long-distance and night trains, and at stations in big cities where vagrants often accumulate. Rete Ferroviaria Italiana and other Ferrovie dello Stato companies co-operate fully with the railroad police in dealing with railway security for passengers.

Police golf carts at Venice Railway Station

Post and telecommunications[edit]

The Polizia postale e delle comunicazioni, or Polizia Postale for short, investigates all crimes that use communications as part of its modus operandi such as computer hacking, online child pornography, credit card fraud, spreading computer viruses or software copyright violations.

Immigration and Border Police[edit]

To control the flow of migrants into Italy, the Department of Public Security set up the Immigration and Border Police Service (Polizia di Frontiera), to enforce regulations concerning the entry and stay of aliens in Italy. The service operates at both central and local level with many land, air and maritime border police offices.

The service is also responsible for passport control, the issuing of residence permits, as well as the prevention and control of illegal immigration. Although due to the Schengen Agreement the land borders have diasppeared, the division is still present on all borders to do systematic or random checks. In airports the border police are in charge of security (hand baggage searches are done by airport companies or private security companies but are supervised by the Polizia di Frontiera and by the Guardia di Finanza) and immigration checks.

Mobile units[edit]

There are 13 mobile units of "Reparto Mobile" located in the main Italian cities. These can be deployed throughout the country to maintain public order with crowd-control equipment and vehicles or perform rescue services in areas affected by natural disasters. These units employ personnel that are trained and equipped for their task.

The P.d.S.'s bomb disposal units, mounted detachments, canine units, air support squadrons and maritime and river police units all fall under the mobile unit HQ.

Anti Terrorism Police[edit]

Photo of Army Parade in Rome, 2 June 2006, Republic Day. NOCS special groups

The Anti Terrorism Police is a specialist body made up of the Central Directorate for the Anti Terrorism Police and of the Branches for General Investigations and Special Operations Division (DIGOS - Divisione Investigazioni Generali e Operazioni Speciali), located in the questure at the local level. The Directorate for the Anti Terrorism Police has two departments: one is mainly responsible for information collection and analysis while the other develops and coordinates investigations aimed at preventing and fighting terrorism. The Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza (Central Operational Core of Security) is the State Police’s elite police tactical unit.

Training[edit]

Recruit training is carried out at the police academy and at an advanced school for senior police officers. There are schools for basic training of cadet officers and technical operators, for teaching police specialties, for instructors, pilots, dog handlers and mounted police officers and the community police school.

Weapons[edit]

The standard service pistol of the Polizia di Stato is the Beretta Model 92FS; other sidearms might be made available to the Police personnel according to necessities and assignments. In addition, a Beretta PM-12S sub-machine gun is issued to every squad car. Other firearms, such as the Beretta 70/90 assault weapons system, Heckler & Koch MP5 sub-machine guns and Benelli shotguns are in service with the corps and can either be issued to the general personnel according to particular necessities or to the specialties the officers are assigned to. A 40mm grenade launcher, the GL-40/90, manufactured by Luigi Franchi S.p.A. under license from Heckler & Koch of Germany is the standard issue weapon for riot control operations.[10]

Vehicles[edit]

Polizia di Stato Lamborghini Gallardo
BMW E91 Polizia di Stato
Motorcyclists of the Polizia stradale in Rome

The State Police use Italian vehicles ranging from 1994 Fiat Puntos to the Alfa Romeo 159 2,4 JTD, and the Alfa Romeo 155 8v and foreign makes such as the Subaru Legacy SW and Subaru Forester, BMW E46 and E91, and the Volvo XC70. In May 2004 the PdS received two Lamborghini Gallardos equipped with V10 engines and 520 bhp (390 kW) in the classic blue white livery with accessories such as a container for transporting organs and a defibrillator. The cars are used on the A3 Salerno-Reggio Calabria and the A14 Bologna-Taranto motorways.[11]

Alfa Romeo 159 Polizia di Stato

On November 29, 2009, one of the two Gallardos was severely damaged in an accident while returning from a public display in Cremona: it crashed into some parked cars while avoiding another car which crossed the road illegally.[12] The Gallardo was fully insured, and is currently being repaired by Lamborghini itself.[13]

On March 30, 2017 the PdS received the second Lamborghini Huracán equipped with V10 engines and 520 bhp in the classic blue white livery with accessories such as a container for transporting organs and a defibrillator. [14]

Rank structure and insignia[edit]

Commissioners of Police[edit]

The commissioners of police are not sworn police officers, but senior civil servants, and are not uniformed.

  • Capo della Polizia - Direttore Generale della Pubblica Sicurezza (Commissioner of Police - Director General of Public Security) is the chief of the Polizia di Stato, and head of the Department of Public Security in the Ministry of Interior and as such in charge of coordinating all Italian police forces.
  • Vice capo vicario della polizia di Stato (Deputy Commissioner of Police)
  • Vice Direttore generale - Direttore Centrale Polizia Criminale (Deputy Director General - Director of Central Criminal Police)
  • Vice Direttore generale (Deputy Director General), in charge of planning and coordination.

Chief Officers[edit]

Rank Insignia Promotion notes
Dirigente Generale
(Director General) 		Dirigente generale ps.png
Dirigente Superiore
(Senior Director) 		Dirigente superiore ps.png

Senior Officers[edit]

Rank Insignia Promotion notes
Primo dirigente
(Director) 		Primo dirigente ps.png Promotion to Primo dirigente through selection after 5 years as Vice Questore.
Vice Questore
(Superintendent) 		Vice questore aggiunto ps.png Promotion to Vice Questore through selection after 5 years as Vice Questore aggiunto.
Vice Questore aggiunto
(Chief Commssioner) 		Commissario capo ps.png After 6 years service as Commissario capo: 80% of the promotions going to direct entry officers after scrutiny. 20% of the promotions going to internal entry officers with a master's degree after a promotional exam.
Commissario Capo
(Commissioner) 		Commissario ruolo direttivo speciale ps.png Direct after graduation from the police academy for those who entered through direct entry. For others, after 5 years service as Commissario.
Commissario
(Assistant Commissioner) 		Vice commissario ps.png After two years service as Vice commissario for internal entry officers.
Vice Commissario
(Deputy Commissioner) 		Direct entry: 80% from candidates with a Master's Degree and not over 30 years old. 20% are reserved for serving policemen with a Master's Degree, and not over 40 years of age; half of them from the Ispettori, half from the other ranks. They are holding the rank of Vice commissario at the academy.

Internal entry: 80% from Ispettori with a bachelor's degree, 5 years of service, not over 35 years of age. 20% from Sostituto Commissari not over 55 years old. They are promoted to the rank of Vice commissario after graduation from the academy.

Inspectors[edit]

Rank Insignia Promotion notes
Ispettore Superiore Sostituto Commissario Coordinatore
(Senior Station Inspector - Acting Superintendent (Coordinator)) 		Promotion to Ispettore Superiore Sostituto Commissario Coordinatore after 4 years of service as Ispettore Superiore Sostituto Commissario.
Ispettore Superiore Sostituto Commissario
(Senior Station Inspector - Acting Superintendent) 		Ispettore superiore sostituto commissario ps.png Promotion to Ispettore Superiore Sostituto Commissario based on scrutiny and at least 8 years of service as Ispettore Superiore.
Ispettore Superiore
(Station Inspector) 		Ispettore superiore ps.png Promotion to Ispettore Superiore based on scrutiny and at least 9 years of service as Ispettore Capo, as well as the possession of a Bachelor's degree.
Ispettore Capo
(Chief Inspector) 		Ispettore capo ps.png Promotion to Ispettore Capo after scrutiny.
Ispettore
(Inspector) 		Ispettore ps.png Promotion to Ispettore after 5 years of service as Vice ispettore
Vice ispettore
(Sub-inspector) 		Vice ispettore ps.png 50% are recruited through direct entry from civilian life; 50% are recruited from lower ranks with at least 5 years of service. For both entries a secondary school diploma qualifying for university studies are required.

Sergeants[edit]

Rank Insignia Promotion notes
Sovrintendente capo coordinatore
(Station Sergeant Major) 		Promotion to Sovrintendente capo coordinatore after 8 years of service as Sovrintendente capo
Sovrintendente capo
(First Sergeant) 		Sovrintendente capo ps.png Promotion to Sovrintendente capo based on scrutiny and at least 5 years of service as Sovrintendente
Sovrintendente
(Station Sergeant) 		Sovrintendente ps.png Promotion to Sovrintendente after 5 years of service as an Vice sovrintendente
Vice sovrintendente
(Sergeant) 		Vice sovrintendente ps.png 70% are recruited through selection from Assistente Capo; 30% from Agenti and Assistenti with at least 4 years of service through an examination.

Constables[edit]

Rank Insignia Promotion notes
Assistente capo coordinatore
(Corporal) 		Promotion to Assistente capo coordinatore after 8 years of service as an Assistente capo
Assistente capo
(Lance Corporal) 		Assistente capo ps.png Promotion to Assistente capo based on scrutiny and at least 4 years of service as an Assistente
Assistente
(Leading Constable) 		Assistente ps.png Promotion to Assistente based on scrutiny and at least 5 years of service as an Agente scelto
Agente scelto
(Senior Constable) 		Agente scelto ps.png Promotion to Agente scelto based on scrutiny and at least 5 years of service as an Agente
Agente
(Constable) 		Agente ps.png Civilians and 1- and 4-year volunteers of the Italian Armed Forces are eligible to take part in the exam to become an Agente

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Normeinrete - Navigazione URN". Normeinrete.it. Retrieved 8 September 2009.[dead link]
  2. ^ "Arma dei Carabinieri - Home - > - EN - Institutional Duties". Carabinieri.it. Archived from the original on 14 September 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
  3. ^ "Arma dei Carabinieri - Home - > - EN - Governing Bodies". Carabinieri.it. Archived from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
  4. ^ "Guardia di Finanza - I Compiti del Corpo". Gdf.it. Retrieved 8 September 2009.
  5. ^ del Calendario Atlante De Agostini (in Italian). 2008. p. 207.
  6. ^ "Speciale" (PDF). Retrieved 11 September 2010.[permanent dead link]
  7. ^ "Tabelle organici Forze armate e di polizia". SIULP (Sindacato italiano unitario lavoratori polizia). Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2010.
  8. ^ "Organico della Polizia di Stato" (PDF). Alte Professionalità Vigili del Fuoco. Retrieved 24 April 2010.
  9. ^ http://www.poliziadistato.it/articolo/960
  10. ^ "Decree n° 559/A/1/ORG/DIP.GP/14 of March 6, 2009, concerning weapons and equipment in use with the Italian National Police" (PDF). Italian Ministry of Interior (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
  11. ^ "La Polizia? Viaggia in Lamborghini Ecco la Gallardo della Stradale" (in Italian). la Repubblica. 13 May 2004. Retrieved 15 March 2009.
  12. ^ "Cremona, distrutta in un incidente la Lamborghini della polizia". la Repubblica (in Italian). 30 November 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  13. ^ Incidente alla Lamborghini Gallardo della Polizia Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  14. ^ "Lamborghini, entra in servizio nella Stradale la seconda Huracan" (in Italian). la Repubblica. 30 March 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017.

External links[edit]

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