Polycotylidae is a family of plesiosaurs from the Cretaceous, a sister group to Leptocleididae. Polycotylids first appeared during the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous, before becoming abundant and widespread during the early Late Cretaceous. Several species survived into the final stage of the Cretaceous, the Maastrichtian.
Trinacromerum bentonianum from the Late Cretaceous of Kansas
The Plesiosauria or plesiosaurs are an order or clade of extinct Mesozoic marine reptiles, belonging to the Sauropterygia.
Image: Paleo Hall at HMNS plesiosaur
Image: Peloneustes philarchus Tubingen
First published plesiosaur skeleton, 1719 (specimen NHMUK PV R.1330)
As this illustration shows, Conybeare by 1824 had gained a basically correct understanding of plesiosaur anatomy.