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Pontifex maximus
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The pontifex maximus was the chief high priest of the College of Pontiffs in ancient Rome. This was the most important position in the ancient Roman religion, open only to patricians until 254 BC, whe
Augustus as pontifex maximus (Via Labicana Augustus)
Augustus as pontifex maximus (Via Labicana Augustus)
Pontifex maximus and Augustus Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180) performing sacrifice in a relief from the Arch of Marcus Aurelius (Capitoline Museums)
Pontifex maximus and Augustus Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180) performing sacrifice in a relief from the Arch of Marcus Aurelius (Capitoline Museums)
Engraving by Christoph Weigel the Elder of Pope Clement XI, giving him the title pontifex maximus
Engraving by Christoph Weigel the Elder of Pope Clement XI, giving him the title pontifex maximus
Portrait of a flamen, Louvre museum, Paris, Ma 431
Portrait of a flamen, Louvre museum, Paris, Ma 431
Julius Caesar
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Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general, statesman, and author who was the dictator of the Roman Republic almost continuously from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC. A member of the First Triumvi
Pontifex maximus
…was generally held by a member of a politically prominent family. It was a coveted position mainly for the great prestige it conferred on the holder. Julius Caesar became pontifex in 73 BC and pontifex maximus in 63 BC. The major Republican source on the pontiffs would have been the theological writings of Varro…
The Tusculum portrait, the only extant contemporary sculpture of Caesar
The Tusculum portrait, the only extant contemporary sculpture of Caesar
Sulla, depicted on the obverse of a denarius minted by Quintus Pompeius Rufus in 54 BC. Sulla took the city in 82 BC, purged his political enemies, an
Sulla, depicted on the obverse of a denarius minted by Quintus Pompeius Rufus in 54 BC. Sulla took the city in 82 BC, purged his political enemies, and instituted new constitutional reforms.
Imperial period bust of Augustus (known as the Augustus Bevilacqua) wearing the civic crown (Latin: corona civica). Caesar won the civic crown for his
Imperial period bust of Augustus (known as the Augustus Bevilacqua) wearing the civic crown (Latin: corona civica). Caesar won the civic crown for his bravery at the Siege of Mytilene in 81 BC.
Denarius of C. Cossutius Maridianus, 44 BC, with the head of Julius Caesar as pontifex maximus on the obverse. The legend on the reverse mentions the
Denarius of C. Cossutius Maridianus, 44 BC, with the head of Julius Caesar as pontifex maximus on the obverse. The legend on the reverse mentions the A. A. A. F. F.