A pop-up book is any book with three-dimensional pages, often with elements that pop up as a page is turned. The terminology serves as an umbrella term for movable book, pop-ups, tunnel books, transformations, volvelles, flaps, pull-tabs, pop-outs, pull-downs, and other features each performing in a different manner. Three-dimensional greeting cards use the same principles.
Design and creation of such books in arts is sometimes called "paper engineering". This usage should not be confused with traditional paper engineering, the engineering of systems to mass-produce paper products.
Tunnel book
Metamorphosis (a Harlequinades booklet), 1814 by Benjamin Sands
Comparison of two of Benjamin Sands's transformation books: Metamorphosis
Page with pop-up part in Thomas Malton the Elder's book Treatise on Perspective (1775).
Robert Sayer (1725–1794) was a leading publisher and seller of prints, maps and maritime charts in Georgian Britain. He was based near the Golden Buck on 53 Fleet Street in London.
portrait by Johan Zoffany
Metamorphosis (a Harlequinades booklet), 1814 by Benjamin Sands
Comparison of two of Benjamin Sands' transformation books- Metamorphosis
A New Book of Ornaments, MET DP270225, pre-1753.