Pope Alexander IV was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 December 1254 to his death.
Bulla with inscription ALEXANDER PP IIII (pastor pastorum, "shepherd of shepherds")
Plaque in the church of Santi Luca e Martina commemorating Alexander IV's 1256 consecration of the building
Fresco in San Marco, Milan depicting Alexander IV founding the Augustinians
Pope Innocent III, born Lotario dei Conti di Segni, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 until his death on 16 July 1216.
Detail of a fresco at the cloister Sacro Speco, c. 1219
Bulla of Innocent III
Innocent launched the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars.
Tomb of Pope Innocent III at Saint John Lateran basilica