Pope Boniface VIII
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Pope Boniface VIII was head of the Catholic Church and leader of the Papal States from 24 December 1294 until his death in 1303. The Caetani family was of baronial origin with connections to the papac
Fresco of Boniface VIII declaring the Jubilee Year by Giotto, 1300
Papal bulla of Boniface VIII (pierced subsequent to original use)
Philip IV receiving the homage of Edward I for Aquitaine
Depiction of the death of Boniface in a 15th-century manuscript of Boccaccio's De Casibus
Philip IV of France
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Philip IV, called Philip the Fair, was King of France from 1285 to 1314. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also King of Navarre and Count of Champagne as Philip I from 1284 to 1
Pope Boniface VIII
…First War of Scottish Independence. These views, and his chronic intervention in temporal affairs, led to many bitter quarrels with Albert I of Germany, Philip IV of France, and later Dante Alighieri, who expected the pope to soon arrive at the eighth circle of Hell in his Divine Comedy, among the simoniacs. Boniface…
14th-century portrait of Philip IV
Masse d'or (7,04 g) during Philip the Fair's reign
Donation made by the King of France, Philip IV the Fair, to the chaplains and wardens of the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. February 1286