Pope Innocent II
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Pope Innocent II, born Gregorio Papareschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 February 1130 to his death in 1143. His election as pope was controversial, and the fi
Detail of a mosaic in the Roman church Santa Maria in Trastevere, built by Innocent II
Pope Celestine II
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Pope Celestine II, born Guido di Castello, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 26 September 1143 to his death on 8 March 1144.
Pope Innocent II
…with the Church of Rome and end the schism, which was achieved at the end of the century. Innocent II died on 24 September 1143 and was succeeded by Pope Celestine II. In 1134, Innocent elevated as cardinal-nephew his nephew, Gregorio Papareschi. He did the same for his brother Pietro Papareschi, whom he made cardinal…
Celestine II (center) with Saint William of York (right) and an unknown English bishop (left)
19th-century religious card depicting Celestine's absolution of King Louis VII of France.